CN116447162B - Operation method of fuel cell system, vehicle electronic control unit and vehicle - Google Patents
Operation method of fuel cell system, vehicle electronic control unit and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN116447162B CN116447162B CN202310713860.9A CN202310713860A CN116447162B CN 116447162 B CN116447162 B CN 116447162B CN 202310713860 A CN202310713860 A CN 202310713860A CN 116447162 B CN116447162 B CN 116447162B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an operation method of a fuel cell system, a vehicle electronic control unit and a vehicle. The operation method comprises the following steps: acquiring the air density at real-time altitude; calculating a real-time surge line slope according to the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude and the reference surge line slope; determining a real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope; the pressure ratio of the air compressor is limited to below the real-time surge line. The invention can avoid surge of the air compressor and damage of the air compressor when the altitude is greatly changed. Meanwhile, the surge line deviation condition during the altitude change can be rapidly determined through calculation, so that a large amount of test calibration time before delivery is saved for engineering technicians, and a calculation formula is embedded into the fuel cell engine control logic, so that the storage space for storing calibration data is saved to improve the program running efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell system technology, and more particularly, to a fuel cell system operation method, a vehicle electronic control unit, and a vehicle.
Background
A fuel cell vehicle is an electric vehicle, and the energy of the battery is directly converted into electric energy through the chemical action of fuel and oxygen, rather than through combustion. The fuel cell does not produce harmful products in the chemical reaction process, so the fuel cell vehicle is a pollution-free vehicle, and the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell is 2-3 times higher than that of the internal combustion engine, so the fuel cell vehicle is an ideal vehicle in terms of energy utilization and environmental protection, and is increasingly popular in the market.
Most of the existing hydrogen fuel cell systems (engines) are designed for low-altitude working environments, the performance map of air subsystem air compressor components (namely the working interval and the working capacity display diagram of an air compressor) is mostly applicable in plain, when the working altitude of the system is increased, the working capacity of the air compressor is unchanged, but the mass flow corresponding to a surge line is reduced due to the reduction of air density (oxygen content), the original plain surge line and the surge calibration parameters are failed, so that the air compressor cannot operate and even destructive damage is brought to the whole system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an operation method of a fuel cell system, a vehicle electronic control unit and a vehicle, which can update a surge line conforming to the current altitude, avoid surging of an air compressor and damage the air compressor.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
acquiring the air density at real-time altitude;
calculating a real-time surge line slope according to the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude and the reference surge line slope;
determining a real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope;
limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor below the real-time surge line.
Optionally, the acquiring the air density at the real-time altitude includes obtaining the air density at the real-time altitude by measurement of a barometer.
Optionally, the calculating the real-time surge line slope according to the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude, and the reference surge line slope includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,for the air density at the reference altitude,for the air density at the real-time altitude,for the reference surge line slope.
Optionally, the determining the real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,b is a fixed parameter for the inlet flow of the air compressor,is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
Optionally, the determining the real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,for the inlet flow of the air compressor,as a parameter at the real-time altitude,is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
Optionally, the determining the real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,for the inlet flow of the air compressor,is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
Optionally, said limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor below the real-time surge line includes:
acquiring inlet flow of the air compressor;
determining a highest pressure ratio on the real-time surge line corresponding to the inlet flow of the air compressor according to the inlet flow of the air compressor and the real-time surge line;
limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor to be lower than the highest pressure ratio.
Optionally, before the acquiring the air density at the real-time altitude, the method further includes: judging whether a preset condition is met.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a vehicle electronic control unit for operating any one of the above-described fuel cell systems.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides a vehicle, comprising the vehicle electronic control unit.
The operation method of the fuel cell system provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring the air density at real-time altitude; calculating a real-time surge line slope according to the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude and the reference surge line slope; determining a real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope; limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor below the real-time surge line. After the air density at the real-time altitude is obtained, the air density at the real-time altitude is substituted into calculation, and finally, the real-time surge line corresponding to the real-time altitude is obtained. The working parameters of the air compressor are controlled based on the real-time surge line, so that the air compressor is prevented from being surge and damaged when the altitude is greatly changed. Meanwhile, the surge line deviation condition during the altitude change can be rapidly determined through calculation, so that a large amount of test calibration time before delivery is saved for engineering technicians, and a calculation formula is embedded into the fuel cell engine control logic, so that the storage space for storing calibration data is saved to improve the program running efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of operating a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a map of performance of an air compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of surge line slopes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
At present, an air compressor component provided for a hydrogen fuel cell system adopts a performance pulse spectrum (map) diagram at an altitude of 0m in factory calibration, and a vehicle on which the hydrogen fuel cell system is mounted is only suitable for being used in a low altitude area. If the vehicle enters a high altitude area, there may be a problem in that an air compressor (i.e., an air compressor) cannot be operated normally. This is because the altitude increases, the temperature decreases, the air is rarefaction, that is, the oxygen content decreases, and the phenomenon of mass flow decrease and outlet pressure decrease occurs when the air compressor works under the same rotation speed and pressure ratio conditions. This has a very pronounced effect on the surge line of the air compressor. Accordingly, some embodiments will be given below to solve the above-described problems.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for operating a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1. The embodiment of the invention provides an operation method of a fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the air density at real-time altitude is obtained.
The air density of the altitude where the fuel cell system is located can be acquired by any mode, and the method for acquiring the air density is not limited. For example, a barometer may be provided, by which the output value of the barometer is measured and read to determine the air density at real-time altitude.
S2: the real-time surge line slope is calculated from the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude, and the reference surge line slope.
Fig. 2 is a map of performance of an air compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention, see fig. 2. In the figure h is shown 0 、h 1 and h2 And (3) an air compressor performance map under three different altitudes. When the surge lines of different altitudes are studied, the surge lines of different altitudes are found to basically accord with the primary function, so that the surge line function fitting can be performed by utilizing the primary function. And experimental observation shows that the change between surge lines at different altitudes is mainly reflected in the difference of slopes, so that calculating the slope of the real-time surge line is an important ring for obtaining the real-time surge line. It should be noted that the altitude varies greatly, but the working capacity of the air compressor does not vary. Due to variation of air density only (mass of air per unit volume)As a result, the mass of air flowing through the air compressor per unit time (i.e., the mass flow Q) changes, so that the change in surge line at each altitude has a positive correlation with the air density at that location. Fig. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of surge line slopes according to an embodiment of the present invention, see fig. 3. Illustratively, the surge line of the air compressor shifts to the left as altitude increases from αkm to βkm. From the figure, it can be derived that:
；
；
；
and because of；
So that；
wherein ,as the surge line slope at an altitude of alpha km,as the surge line slope at an altitude of beta km,in order to increase the pressure ratio by an amount,as the variation of the inlet flow at the altitude of alpha km,as the variation of the inlet flow at the altitude of beta km,the amount of change in the inlet flow rate is indicated,refers to the density of the air and,for the air density at an altitude of alpha km,is the air density at an altitude of beta km.
In other embodiments, the method comprisesAfter this conclusion, the above proportional relationship can be determined by experimental quantitative measurement. Thus, the air density at real-time elevation can be obtainedAir density at reference altitudeAnd reference surge line slopeObtaining surge line slope at real-time altitude. Namely:
；
the surge line slope at real-time altitude can thus be obtained.
Wherein the air density at the reference altitudeAnd reference surge line slopeAnd may be data at any elevation. An exemplary reference altitude may be 0km,. The surging data of any other i km elevation can be deduced by only knowing the map of the air compressor performance at 0km and deducing the slope k0 of a linear of a primary function formed by surging data and combining the air density at the elevation to be measured, or the surge line at the i km elevation can be deduced by directly referring to the surging data at the elevation. By using the formula, the surge line deviation condition during the altitude change can be rapidly determined, a large amount of testing time before factory production is saved for engineering technicians, and the formula is embedded into the fuel cell engine control logic, so that a large amount of calibration data work is saved, the data storage space is saved, and the program operation efficiency is improved.
S3: determining a real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope;
when the real-time surge line of the air compressor is determined according to the slope of the real-time surge line, the accuracy of the real-time surge line fitting function can be determined according to actual needs. Several real-time surge line fit function models are described in exemplary fashion below.
In some embodiments, determining the real-time surge line of the air compressor includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,is the inlet flow of the air compressor, b is a fixed parameter,is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
Since the surge line at each altitude is similar in pressure ratio at the minimum inlet flow, the parameter b in the function model can be set to be a preset fixed parameter. This arrangement can reduce the amount of computation while maintaining high model accuracy.
In some embodiments, determining the real-time surge line of the air compressor includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,is the inlet flow rate of the air compressor,as a parameter at real-time altitude,is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
Wherein parameters at each altitude can be set according to the difference between surge lines at each altitude. Parameters (parameters)The determination mode of (2) can be determined according to actual needs. Exemplary, parametersThe method can be obtained by calculation according to the altitude, and can also be obtained by inquiring the table lookup value corresponding to the altitude. This arrangement can obtain a surge line model with high accuracy.
In some embodiments, determining the real-time surge line for the air compressor based on the real-time surge line slope includes:
calculation of；
wherein ,for the real-time surge line slope,is the inlet flow rate of the air compressor,is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
Wherein the surge line at each altitude is similar in pressure ratio at the minimum inlet flow and the line of the surge line at each altitude is near the origin of coordinates. The surge line model can thus be set toThis arrangement can significantly reduce the amount of computation while maintaining a certain model accuracy.
S4: the pressure ratio of the air compressor is limited to below the real-time surge line.
After the real-time surge line is obtained, the pressure ratio of the air compressor can be limited below the real-time surge line, so that the working interval of the air compressor is accurately limited, the surge phenomenon is avoided, and the fault of the fuel cell system is avoided. The above described method of operating a fuel cell system may be embedded in fuel cell engine control logic to control the operation of the fuel cell engine. For example, limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor below the real-time surge line during actual control may include the steps of: acquiring inlet flow of an air compressor; determining a highest pressure ratio corresponding to the inlet flow of the air compressor on a real-time surge line according to the inlet flow of the air compressor and the real-time surge line; the pressure ratio of the limiting air compressor is below the highest pressure ratio.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the air density at the real-time altitude is obtained, the air density at the real-time altitude is substituted into calculation, and finally, the real-time surge line corresponding to the real-time altitude is obtained. The working parameters of the air compressor are controlled based on the real-time surge line, so that the air compressor is prevented from being surge and damaged when the altitude is greatly changed. Meanwhile, the embodiment of the invention can quickly determine the surge line deviation condition when the altitude changes through calculation, thereby saving a great amount of test calibration time before delivery for engineering technicians, and saving the storage space for storing calibration data by embedding a calculation formula into the control logic of the fuel cell engine so as to improve the program operation efficiency.
In other embodiments, prior to obtaining the air density at the real-time altitude, further comprising: judging whether a preset condition is met.
The triggering conditions (i.e., preset conditions) may be preset to start the acquisition of the real-time surge line, and these preset conditions may be determined according to actual needs. The preset condition may be, for example, when an engine ignition command is received or when the vehicle reaches a high altitude area. Thereby avoiding the waste of calculation power caused by frequently calculating the real-time surge line.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle electronic control unit which is used for operating any operation method of the fuel cell system.
The vehicle electronic control unit provided by the embodiment of the invention runs any one of the running methods of the fuel cell system, so that the vehicle electronic control unit has corresponding beneficial effects.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle, which comprises the vehicle electronic control unit.
The vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the vehicle electronic control unit, so that the fuel cell system has the beneficial effects.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, rearrangements, combinations, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
acquiring the air density at real-time altitude;
calculating a real-time surge line slope according to the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude and the reference surge line slope;
determining a real-time surge line of the air compressor according to the real-time surge line slope;
limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor below the real-time surge line;
the calculating the real-time surge line slope from the air density at the real-time altitude, the air density at the reference altitude, and the reference surge line slope comprises: calculation of
；
wherein ,k x for the real-time surge line slope,ρ n for the air density at the reference altitude,ρ i for the air density at the real-time altitude,k n for the reference surge line slope.
2. The method of operating a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said obtaining an air density at real-time altitude comprises obtaining an air density at said real-time altitude from a barometer measurement.
3. The method of operating a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said determining a real-time surge line for an air compressor based on said real-time surge line slope comprises: calculation of
；
wherein ,k x for the real-time surge line slope,x i b is a fixed parameter for the inlet flow of the air compressor,y i is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
4. The method of operating a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said determining a real-time surge line for an air compressor based on said real-time surge line slope comprises: calculation of
；
wherein ,k x for the real-time surge line slope,x i for the inlet flow of the air compressor,b i as a parameter at the real-time altitude,y i is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
5. The method of operating a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said determining a real-time surge line for an air compressor based on said real-time surge line slope comprises: calculation of
；
wherein ,k x for the real-time surge line slope,x i for the inlet flow of the air compressor,y i is the pressure ratio of the air compressor.
6. The method of operating a fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor below the real-time surge line comprises:
acquiring inlet flow of the air compressor;
determining a highest pressure ratio on the real-time surge line corresponding to the inlet flow of the air compressor according to the inlet flow of the air compressor and the real-time surge line;
limiting the pressure ratio of the air compressor to be lower than the highest pressure ratio.
7. The method of operating a fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to said acquiring the air density at the real-time altitude: judging whether a preset condition is met.
8. A vehicle electronic control unit, characterized by an operating method for operating the fuel cell system of any one of claims 1-7.
9. A vehicle comprising the vehicle electronic control unit of claim 8.
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2023
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