CN116247242B - Control method and device for fuel cell system - Google Patents
Control method and device for fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116247242B CN116247242B CN202310531053.5A CN202310531053A CN116247242B CN 116247242 B CN116247242 B CN 116247242B CN 202310531053 A CN202310531053 A CN 202310531053A CN 116247242 B CN116247242 B CN 116247242B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a control method and apparatus of a fuel cell system, the method including: constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement; according to the relation table, determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of any electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to the electric density value; determining an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement; and controlling the operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electric density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air-in pressure. According to the method, the optimal air-in pressure and the available electric density value are determined through the pre-established relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement, the altitude is not required to be considered, and the air compressor can exert the maximum working efficiency as far as possible while the minimum air pressure requirement of the electric pile is met; meanwhile, the determination of the available electric density value also enables the method to be suitable for different plateau environments and different air compressors.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for controlling a fuel cell system.
Background
A fuel cell is a chemical device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and a fuel cell system is a power generation system composed of a fuel cell stack (abbreviated as a galvanic pile), a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a water thermal management subsystem, an electric control subsystem and the like, wherein the air supply subsystem can compress air inlet by adopting an air compressor (also called an air compressor) so as to generate proper air inlet pressure and output the air inlet pressure to the galvanic pile. In the normal operating range of the fuel cell, the higher air-in pressure can lead the electric pile to obtain higher performance, and the air humidity in the electric pile is in direct proportion to the air-in pressure, so that the air-in pressure is prevented from being reduced as much as possible in order to ensure the high performance and the internal water balance of the electric pile and the service life of the system during the operation of the fuel cell system.
When the fuel cell system is operated in a high altitude environment, the atmospheric pressure is also gradually reduced due to the elevation of the altitude, and at this time, in order to keep the air-in pressure and the excess factor unchanged, it is necessary to increase the compression ratio of the air compressor, that is, increase the rotational speed of the air compressor until reaching its maximum operating rotational speed. At present, multiple groups of tests or calculation are usually required to be carried out aiming at the combined conditions of different altitudes and different electric densities so as to correct the air inlet pressure corresponding to the combined conditions of each altitude and each electric density value, so that the air inlet pressure is as close to the 0-altitude operation condition as possible, the compression ratio of an air compressor in a system in a plateau environment is reduced, and the air compressor is as close to the maximum working rotation speed as possible. However, the method is based on the correction deviation value of the 0 altitude air pressure calibrated for a specific air compressor in an experimental test environment, a plurality of groups of tests are needed, the test or calculation process is complex, and in actual use, as the actual conditions of all air compressors cannot be covered by the method when the air compressors or the environmental pressure changes, a large working allowance exists in part of the air compressors, and the part of the air compressors exceed the working boundary, so that the robustness is poor. Therefore, there is a need to redevelop an adaptive control method for air supply of a fuel cell system so that it can be operated efficiently in a plateau environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a control method and apparatus for a fuel cell system, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that an air supply method for a fuel cell system is poor in robustness, a test is performed for a plateau environment, or a calculation process is complex, and the like, and to enable the fuel cell system to be controlled to operate efficiently in the plateau environment by only setting an electric density value to test a lower limit value of an air pressure requirement of a fuel cell stack and further determining an optimal air pressure and an available electric density value without considering altitude.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a control method of a fuel cell system, the method comprising:
constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of an electric pile air pressure requirement, wherein the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is as follows: under the corresponding electric density value condition, determining whether electric pile index values corresponding to different air inlet pressures set by a depressurization test are abnormal relative to electric pile index values of 0 elevation or not, and further determining an obtained air inlet pressure value;
according to the relation table, determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of any electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to the electric density value;
determining an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement; wherein, the available electric density value is an electric density value which enables the fuel cell system to normally operate and is used for controlling a working interval of the normal operation of the fuel cell system;
and controlling the operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electric density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air-in pressure.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the disclosure, the construction of the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile comprises the following steps: selecting a preset number of electric density values according to the requirement; performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test on each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition of each electric density value; and constructing a relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value based on the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value under the electric density value conditions.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the disclosure, the 0-altitude test and the step-down test are performed for each electric density value to obtain the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition of each electric density value, and the control method comprises the following steps: under any selected electric density value condition, firstly performing a 0-altitude test, and recording a galvanic pile index value under the 0-altitude condition; adopting preset depressurization amplitude to start depressurization from an empty pressure value of 0 altitude, and waiting for preset time after each depressurization, and recording the current empty pressure value and a pile index value under the current depressurization condition; judging whether the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal relative to the electric pile index value of the 0 elevation; if the voltage is abnormal, stopping reducing the voltage, taking the last air pressure value as the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the selected electric density value, otherwise, continuing the voltage reduction test until the electric pile index value is abnormal.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure, the determining whether the cell stack index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal with respect to the cell stack index value of 0 altitude includes: calculating the ratio of the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition to the electric pile index value under the 0-altitude condition; judging whether the ratio is lower than a preset ratio, if so, the index value of the galvanic pile under the current voltage reduction condition is abnormal, otherwise, the value is normal.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure, the determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to any one of the electric density values includes: under any electric density value condition, taking the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement corresponding to the electric density value as a reference, gradually increasing the air pressure value, judging whether the air pressure value can reach the air pressure value of 0 altitude under the current electric density value condition, if so, marking the air pressure value of 0 altitude as the optimal air pressure, otherwise, marking the air pressure value under the maximum working rotating speed condition of the air compressor as the optimal air pressure.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure, the step-up of the air-in pressure value includes: and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until reaching the maximum working rotating speed, and simultaneously gradually increasing the air inlet pressure value by utilizing the air pressure regulating valve according to the rotating speed of the air compressor.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the disclosure, the determining the available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement includes: and setting the electric density values of the relation table as current electric density values of the fuel cell system one by one from large to small, judging whether the current electric density values are available electric density values, if not, continuing to judge whether the next electric density values are available electric density values, stopping judging the next electric density values until the current electric density values are available electric density values, and determining all electric density values which are smaller than or equal to the current electric density values as available electric density values.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure, the judging whether the current electric density value is the available electric density value includes: gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until the maximum working rotating speed is reached, acquiring real-time space pressure values at all the rotating speeds, and judging whether the real-time space pressure values can reach the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the current electric density value condition; if so, the current electrical density value is the available electrical density value.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the disclosure, the method further comprises the following steps: the operation condition of the fuel cell system is preset, wherein the operation condition comprises at least one of keeping the excess coefficient unchanged and keeping the water balance inside the fuel cell system.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides a control device of a fuel cell system, the device including:
the construction module is used for constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement, and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is as follows: under the corresponding electric density value condition, determining whether electric pile index values corresponding to different air inlet pressures set by a depressurization test are abnormal relative to electric pile index values of 0 elevation or not, and further determining an obtained air inlet pressure value;
the determining module is used for determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of the electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to any electric density value according to the relation table;
the diagnosis module is used for determining an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement; wherein, the available electric density value is an electric density value which enables the fuel cell system to normally operate and is used for controlling a working interval of the normal operation of the fuel cell system;
and the control module is used for controlling the operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electric density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air-in pressure.
In summary, according to the control method and device for a fuel cell system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, by constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of an air pressure requirement of a stack, and determining an optimal air pressure based on the relation table, the operation of the fuel cell system can always meet the lowest air pressure requirement of the stack, and the air compressor can exert the maximum working efficiency as much as possible. Meanwhile, the control method of the fuel cell system also realizes a working point diagnosis function, and determines the available electric density value by judging whether each electric density value is the available electric density value, so that the working interval of the fuel cell system is further determined, and the fuel cell system is operated under the condition of the working interval, so that the lowest air pressure requirement of a galvanic pile can be met, and the air compressor can exert the maximum working efficiency, so that the method has stronger robustness and can be suitable for different plateau environments and different air compressors. In addition, in the method for constructing the relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value, the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value is irrelevant to the altitude of the plateau environment where the fuel cell system is located, calibration of different altitudes and different electric densities is not needed, the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value is only needed to be calibrated for each electric density value, and then under any plateau environment, the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value can be determined according to the relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value, so that the efficient operation of the fuel cell system can be controlled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the present disclosure or the prior art solutions, a brief description will be given below of the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or prior art descriptions, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present disclosure and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of a control method of a fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a relationship table for constructing an electric density value-lower limit value of a stack air pressure requirement provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a control device of a fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure.
Icon: 300-control means; 310-building a module; 320-a determination module; 330-a diagnostic module; 340-control module.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions in the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure, where the method is used for implementing efficient operation of the fuel cell system in a plateau environment, and the plateau refers to a large-area raised area with altitude generally above 1000m, wide area, wide terrain, and a periphery bounded by an obvious steep slope.
Referring to fig. 1, the method includes:
s11, constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement;
the electric density value is a current density value, the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is the lowest requirement of the electric pile of the fuel cell system for air pressure, and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is as follows: under the corresponding electric density value condition, whether the electric pile index value corresponding to different air inlet pressures set by the depressurization test is abnormal relative to the electric pile index value of 0 altitude is judged, and the obtained air inlet pressure value is further determined.
Specifically, it can be understood that in the plateau environment, only the electric density value is set without considering the altitude, the lowest air pressure requirement lower limit of the electric pile can be determined by performing the depressurization test based on the air pressure value of 0 altitude, and compared with the multi-group test or calculation aiming at the combination conditions of different altitudes and different electric density values, the test process is simpler, the test result is more accurate, and the method is more suitable for controlling the fuel cell system in the plateau environment. By calibrating the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement for different electric density values, a relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is constructed, as shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1
And S12, determining the optimal air inlet pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of the electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to any electric density value according to the relation table.
Specifically, the determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of the electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric stack air pressure requirement corresponding to any electric density value includes: under any electric density value condition, taking the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement corresponding to the electric density value as a reference, gradually increasing the air pressure value, judging whether the air pressure value can reach the air pressure value of 0 altitude under the current electric density value condition, if so, marking the air pressure value of 0 altitude as the optimal air pressure, otherwise, marking the air pressure value under the maximum working rotating speed condition of the air compressor as the optimal air pressure.
Further, the step-up of the air-in pressure value includes: and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until reaching the maximum working rotating speed, and simultaneously gradually increasing the air inlet pressure value by utilizing the air pressure regulating valve according to the rotating speed of the air compressor.
The air pressure regulating valve is arranged on the air compressor and is used for automatically regulating an air inlet pressure value according to the rotating speed of the air compressor; the 0-altitude air-in pressure value refers to an empirical value of air-in pressure determined after simulation, calculation and test on any electric density value under the 0-altitude condition; the maximum working rotation speed refers to the maximum allowable rotation speed of the air compressor, the maximum allowable rotation speeds of different air compressors are different, and the maximum allowable rotation speed is explicitly given in the specification of the general air compressor.
In some embodiments, the rotation speed of the air compressor may be increased until the maximum working rotation speed is reached, and the determining of the optimal air intake pressure in step S12 may also be performed by software control, for example, setting the lower limit value of the stack air intake pressure requirement of each electrical density value as an initial value in software, and then determining the optimal air intake pressure by adaptive optimization, where the software may be internal software of the fuel cell system or external software connected to the fuel cell system.
At an electrical density of 500mA/cm in Table 1 2 For example, the determining the optimal air-in pressure by the adaptive optimization in step S12 specifically includes: determination of the Density value of 500mA/cm according to Table 1 2 The lower limit value of the pile air pressure requirement under the condition is P 4 kPa; with P 4 As a reference, the rotating speed of the air compressor is controlled to be increased until the maximum working rotating speed is reached by software, the rotating speed of the air compressor can be displayed in real time through a rotating speed meter on the air compressor, and the air pressure regulating valve of the air compressor can automatically regulate the air inlet pressure value according to the automatic regulating characteristic of the air pressure regulating valve along with the increase of the rotating speed of the air compressor. In the process of increasing the air inlet pressure value, judging whether the air inlet pressure value can reach the air inlet pressure value of 0 altitude under the current electric density value condition, if so, recording the air inlet pressure value of 0 altitude as the electric density value of 500mA/cm 2 Under the condition of optimal air inlet pressure of fuel cell system, otherwise, the air inlet pressure value under the condition of maximum working rotating speed of air compressor is recorded as electric density value 500mA/cm 2 Optimum air-in pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition.
S13, determining an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement.
The available electric density value is an electric density value which enables the fuel cell system to normally operate and is used for controlling a working range of the fuel cell system to normally operate.
Specifically, it is understood that the electric density value at which the fuel cell system is operated normally means that the air in pressure value under the electric density value condition can satisfy the lower limit of the stack air pressure demand. When the air compressor is in the plateau environment, even if the rotation speed of the air compressor reaches the maximum working rotation speed, although the air inlet pressure value can be increased along with the increase of the rotation speed of the air compressor, the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition of high electric density value can not be reached, so that in order to avoid the condition that the air compressor has excessive working allowance or exceeds the working boundary, the air compressor needs to exert the maximum working efficiency and does not exceed the working boundary, and meanwhile, the air inlet pressure value can meet the lower limit of the electric pile air pressure requirement, and the available electric density value, namely the working interval of the normal operation of the fuel cell system, needs to be further judged.
Specifically, it may be further understood that the determining the available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric stack air pressure requirement includes: and setting the electric density values of the relation table as current electric density values of the fuel cell system one by one from large to small, judging whether the current electric density values are available electric density values, if not, continuing to judge whether the next electric density values are available electric density values, stopping judging the next electric density values until the current electric density values are available electric density values, and determining all electric density values which are smaller than or equal to the current electric density values as available electric density values.
Wherein, the judging whether the current electric density value is the available electric density value comprises: gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until the maximum working rotating speed is reached, acquiring real-time space pressure values at all the rotating speeds, and judging whether the real-time space pressure values can reach the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the current electric density value condition; if so, the current electrical density value is the available electrical density value.
Taking the electrical density values shown in table 1 as an example, the steps S13 include, in order from the top to the bottom, 2000, 1700, 1500, 1300, 1000, 700, 500, 300, 200, 100: setting the electric density values of 2000, 1700, 1500, 1300, 1000, 700, 500, 300, 200 and 100 as the current electric density value of the fuel cell system one by one, taking the current electric density value of 2000 as the current electric density value of the fuel cell system as an example for concrete explanation, under the condition that the electric density value is 2000, gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor by software control until reaching the maximum working rotating speed, and simultaneously judging whether the air inlet pressure value under each rotating speed reaches the lower limit value P of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition that the electric density value is 2000 or not by the real-time air inlet pressure displayed by the pressure sensor of the fuel cell system 10 If it can be reached, the current electric density value is the available electric density valueOtherwise, if the current electric density value is not the available electric density value, at this time, continuously judging whether the next electric density value is the available electric density value, namely setting the electric density value 1700 as the current electric density value of the fuel cell system, judging whether the electric density value is the available electric density value or not, until the first available electric density value is found, if the first available electric density value is 1300, all electric density values smaller than or equal to 1300 are available electric density values, namely 1300, 1000, 700, 500, 300, 200 and 100 are available electric density values.
And S14, controlling the operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electric density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air inlet pressure.
Specifically, based on the available electric density value and the optimal air-in pressure of the fuel cell system determined in step S12 and step S13, the operation of the fuel cell system is controlled so that the air-in pressure of the fuel cell system meets the lower limit of the demand of the electric pile, and the maximum working efficiency of the air compressor can be exerted as much as possible, thereby realizing the efficient operation of the fuel cell system in the plateau environment.
It should be noted that, the lower limit value of the stack air pressure requirement is independent of the altitude of the plateau environment where the fuel cell system is located, and the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value are related to the altitude of the plateau environment where the fuel cell system is located, that is, the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value in different plateau environments are different, when the fuel cell system is located in different plateau environments, it is necessary to redetermine the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value of the fuel cell system in the plateau environment according to step S13, and control the operation of the fuel cell system according to the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value in the plateau environment.
In the above embodiments, the control method of the fuel cell system further includes: the operation condition of the fuel cell system is preset, wherein the operation condition comprises at least one of keeping the excess coefficient unchanged and keeping the water balance inside the fuel cell system.
Specifically, it can be understood that, if the operation condition is that the excess factor is kept unchanged, step S11 is to build a relationship table of the electric density value and the electric stack air pressure requirement lower limit value by calibrating the electric stack air pressure requirement lower limit value for different electric density values under the condition that the excess factor is kept unchanged; step S12, under the condition that the excess coefficient is kept unchanged, determining an air inlet pressure value under the condition of the maximum working speed of the air compressor by increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until the maximum working speed is reached, and recording the air inlet pressure value as the optimal air inlet pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of the electric density value; step S13 is to determine an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the stack air pressure demand while keeping the excess coefficient unchanged.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system, provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile is constructed, and the optimal air pressure is determined based on the relation table, so that the operation of the fuel cell system can always meet the minimum air pressure requirement of the electric pile, and the air compressor can exert the maximum working efficiency as much as possible. Meanwhile, the control method of the fuel cell system also realizes a working point diagnosis function, and determines the available electric density value by judging whether each electric density value is the available electric density value, so that the working interval of the fuel cell system is further determined, and the fuel cell system is operated under the condition of the working interval, so that the lowest air pressure requirement of a galvanic pile can be met, and the air compressor can exert the maximum working efficiency, so that the method has stronger robustness and can be suitable for different plateau environments and different air compressors.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a relation table for constructing an electric density value-electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value. Referring to fig. 2, the construction of the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile includes:
s110, selecting a preset number of electric density values according to the requirement.
Specifically, it will be appreciated that the predetermined number of electrical density values may be selected from idle (an operating condition of the vehicle, typically referred to as engine running under no load) to maximum operating power according to actual demand, and in some embodiments, the predetermined number of electrical density values may be selected uniformly. Wherein, preset quantity is not fixed, can change according to actual demand.
And S111, performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test on each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile under the condition of each electric density value.
Specifically, it can be understood that, due to the elevation rise, the performance of the electric pile will also decrease, so that in order to avoid that the electric pile performance is too low and the fuel cell system cannot operate normally, it is necessary to determine the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile, at this time, the electric pile index value of 0 elevation may be used as a reference value, and for any selected electric density value, a step-down test may be performed by going from the air pressure value of 0 elevation to observe the electric pile index value under the condition of the step-down, so that the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile under each electric density value is determined according to the change of the electric pile index.
In some embodiments, the performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test for each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition of each electric density value includes:
and a0, starting the fuel cell system, checking whether the readings of all sensors in the fuel cell system are normal, and if so, executing a1.
Wherein the sensor includes, but is not limited to: the humidity sensor is used for collecting and displaying humidity values, the pressure sensor is used for detecting and displaying the pile air-in pressure values, the temperature sensor is used for detecting and displaying temperature values, and the like.
Step a1, under any selected electric density value, performing a 0-altitude test, and recording a pile index value under the 0-altitude condition.
Specifically, under any selected electric density value condition, performing a 0-altitude blank pressure value test, and recording a pile index value under the 0-altitude condition after waiting for a preset time.
Step a2, adopting preset depressurization amplitude to start depressurization from an empty pressure value of 0 altitude, and waiting for preset time after each depressurization, and recording the current empty pressure value and a pile index value under the current depressurization condition.
Specifically, the preset buck amplitude includes at least one buck amplitude, that is, the preset buck amplitude may include one buck amplitude or may include two or more buck amplitudes. The preset time is the same as the preset time in the step a1, namely, after the 0-altitude test and the step-down test, the relevant pile index value is required to be recorded for a period of time, and the preset time can be generally set to be 5 minutes and is also adjusted according to actual experimental conditions.
In some embodiments, when the preset buck level includes one buck level, the preset buck level is a first buck level, and the first buck level is a fixed value, for example, the first buck level is set to 5kPa/step, that is, 5kPa is reduced from the air-in pressure value of 0 altitude each time, and the stack index value after each 5kPa reduction of the air-in pressure value is recorded after waiting for the preset time.
In other embodiments, in order to accelerate the calibration speed of the lower limit value of the stack air pressure requirement under the condition of each electric density value, the preset voltage reduction amplitude includes two or more voltage reduction amplitudes, and each voltage reduction amplitude is sequentially smaller. When the preset voltage reduction amplitude comprises two voltage reduction amplitudes, the preset voltage reduction amplitude is a second voltage reduction amplitude and a third voltage reduction amplitude, the second voltage reduction amplitude and the third voltage reduction amplitude are fixed values, and the second voltage reduction amplitude is larger than the third voltage reduction amplitude. For example, the second voltage reduction amplitude is 10kPa/step, the third voltage reduction amplitude is 5kPa/step, then the second voltage reduction amplitude is used for carrying out large step voltage reduction from the blank-in pressure value of 0 altitude, when the abnormal value of the electric pile index value is found in the voltage reduction process, the third voltage reduction amplitude is used for carrying out small step voltage reduction from the last blank-in pressure value corresponding to the normal condition of the electric pile index value, the electric pile index value is continuously recorded, and if the electric pile index value is abnormal again, the voltage reduction is stopped.
Step a3, judging whether the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal relative to the electric pile index value of the 0 elevation; if the voltage is abnormal, stopping reducing the voltage, taking the last air pressure value as the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the selected electric density value, otherwise, continuing the voltage reduction test until the electric pile index value is abnormal.
Specifically, it can be understood that the decrease of the air-in pressure value causes the change of the performance of the electric pile, and when the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal, the air-in pressure value displayed by the current pressure sensor determines the lower limit value of the electric pile air-in pressure requirement under the selected electric density value condition. The step of judging whether the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal relative to the electric pile index value of 0 altitude comprises the following steps:
step a31, calculating the ratio of the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition to the electric pile index value under the 0-altitude condition;
and a step a32, judging whether the ratio is lower than a preset ratio, if so, judging that the index value of the galvanic pile under the current voltage reduction condition is abnormal, otherwise, judging that the current pile index value is normal.
The stack index value is an index value reflecting the stack performance or the cell performance, including but not limited to, fuel cell power, humidity value, CVM (Cell Voltage Monito) data, etc., wherein the fuel cell power is an index value reflecting the stack performance, and the humidity value and the CVM data are both index values reflecting the cell performance, and since the fuel cell stack is generally formed by stacking a plurality of cells, the humidity value is a cell humidity value. The preset ratio is determined according to an empirical value, the ratio is smaller than 1, and meanwhile, different pile index values can correspond to different preset ratios.
And S112, constructing a relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value based on the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value under the electric density value conditions.
Specifically, it can be understood that the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under each electric density value condition determined in steps S110 and S111 is irrelevant to the altitude, so that the relation table between the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is only required to be constructed based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under each electric density value condition, and the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is obtained and is used for calculating the subsequent optimal air pressure and the available electric density value.
For example, step S110 selects 10 electrical density values, e.g., 100, 200, 300, 500, 700, 1000, 1300, 1500, 1700, 2000, in mA/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step S111 performs 0 altitude test and descent for the 10 electric density values selected in step S110The voltage test is carried out to obtain lower limit values of the air voltage requirement of the electric pile under the condition of each electric density value, and the lower limit values are respectively recorded as P 1 、P 2 、P 3 、P 4 、P 5 、P 6 、P 7 、P 8 、P 9 、P 10 If the unit of the lower limit value of the stack air pressure demand is kPa, step S112 may construct a relationship table of the electric density value to the lower limit value of the stack air pressure demand as shown in table 1.
According to the method for constructing the relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value, through performing a 0-altitude test and a depressurization test and combining the change of an electric pile index value under the depressurization condition, the electric pile performance change under the condition of air inlet pressure reduction is judged, when the electric pile index value is abnormal, depressurization is stopped, the last air inlet pressure is taken as the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value, and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value under each electric density value condition is sequentially determined by the method, so that the relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value is constructed. In the construction method, the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is irrelevant to the altitude of the plateau environment where the fuel cell system is located, only the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is required to be calibrated for each electric density value, the combination conditions of different altitude and different electric densities are not required to be calibrated, and under any plateau environment, the high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell system can be controlled by only determining the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value according to the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device of a fuel cell system provided by the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 3, the control device 300 includes: a construction module 310, a determination module 320, a diagnosis module 330, a control module 340.
The construction module 310 is configured to construct a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of a stack air pressure requirement, where the lower limit value of the stack air pressure requirement is: under the corresponding electric density value condition, determining whether electric pile index values corresponding to different air inlet pressures set by a depressurization test are abnormal relative to electric pile index values of 0 elevation or not, and further determining an obtained air inlet pressure value;
a determining module 320, configured to determine, according to the relationship table, an optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of any one of the electrical density values based on a lower limit value of a stack air pressure requirement corresponding to the electrical density value;
a diagnostic module 330 for determining an available electrical density value for the fuel cell system based on the lower limit of stack air pressure demand; wherein, the available electric density value is an electric density value which enables the fuel cell system to normally operate and is used for controlling a working interval of the normal operation of the fuel cell system;
a control module 340 for controlling operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electrical density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air-in pressure.
For a detailed description of the control device of the fuel cell system, please refer to the description of the related method steps in the above embodiment, and the repetition is omitted.
According to the control device of the fuel cell system, the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile is constructed through the construction module, and the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value are determined based on the determination module and the diagnosis module, so that the operation of the fuel cell system can always meet the lowest air pressure requirement of the electric pile, and the air compressor can exert the maximum working efficiency as much as possible. Meanwhile, the diagnosis module realizes the function of diagnosing the working point, and can determine the available electric density value by judging whether each electric density value is the available electric density value, thereby further determining the working interval of the fuel cell system, and operating the fuel cell system under the condition of the working interval can not only meet the minimum air pressure requirement of the electric pile, but also enable the air compressor to exert the maximum working efficiency, so that the method has stronger robustness and can be suitable for different plateau environments and different air compressors. In addition, the construction module does not need to calibrate the combination conditions of different altitudes and different electric densities, only needs to calibrate the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement for each electric density value, and then can determine the optimal air pressure and the available electric density value according to the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement in any plateau environment, so that the high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell system can be controlled.
The above described embodiments of the control device are merely illustrative, wherein the "units" used as separate components description may be a combination of software and/or hardware implementing the predetermined functions, which may or may not be physically separate. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present disclosure, and are not limiting thereof; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the disclosure, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of an electric pile air pressure requirement, wherein the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is as follows: under the corresponding electric density value condition, determining whether electric pile index values corresponding to different air inlet pressures set by a depressurization test are abnormal relative to electric pile index values of 0 elevation or not, and further determining an obtained air inlet pressure value;
according to the relation table, determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of any electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to the electric density value;
determining an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement; wherein, the available electric density value is an electric density value which enables the fuel cell system to normally operate and is used for controlling a working interval of the normal operation of the fuel cell system;
controlling operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electrical density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air-in pressure;
the construction of the relation table of the electric density value and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement comprises the following steps:
selecting a preset number of electric density values according to the requirement;
performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test on each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition of each electric density value;
constructing a relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value based on the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value under the electric density value conditions;
performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test on each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile under the condition of each electric density value, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
under any selected electric density value condition, firstly performing a 0-altitude test, and recording a galvanic pile index value under the 0-altitude condition;
adopting preset depressurization amplitude to start depressurization from an empty pressure value of 0 altitude, and waiting for preset time after each depressurization, and recording the current empty pressure value and a pile index value under the current depressurization condition;
judging whether the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal relative to the electric pile index value of the 0 elevation; if the voltage is abnormal, stopping reducing the voltage, taking the last air pressure value as the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the selected electric density value, otherwise, continuing the voltage reduction test until the electric pile index value is abnormal.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether the cell index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal with respect to the cell index value of 0 altitude includes:
calculating the ratio of the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition to the electric pile index value under the 0-altitude condition;
judging whether the ratio is lower than a preset ratio, if so, the index value of the galvanic pile under the current voltage reduction condition is abnormal, otherwise, the value is normal.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the optimal air-in pressure of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the stack air-pressure demand corresponding to any one of the electric density values includes: under any electric density value condition, taking the lower limit value of the air pressure requirement corresponding to the electric density value as a reference, gradually increasing the air pressure value, judging whether the air pressure value can reach the air pressure value of 0 altitude under the current electric density value condition, if so, marking the air pressure value of 0 altitude as the optimal air pressure, otherwise, marking the air pressure value under the maximum working rotating speed condition of the air compressor as the optimal air pressure.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said step-wise increasing the air-in pressure value comprises: and gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until reaching the maximum working rotating speed, and simultaneously gradually increasing the air inlet pressure value by utilizing the air pressure regulating valve according to the rotating speed of the air compressor.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining an available electrical density value of the fuel cell system based on the stack air pressure demand lower limit value comprises:
and setting the electric density values of the relation table as current electric density values of the fuel cell system one by one from large to small, judging whether the current electric density values are available electric density values, if not, continuing to judge whether the next electric density values are available electric density values, stopping judging the next electric density values until the current electric density values are available electric density values, and determining all electric density values which are smaller than or equal to the current electric density values as available electric density values.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining whether the current electrical density value is an available electrical density value comprises: gradually increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor until the maximum working rotating speed is reached, acquiring real-time space pressure values at all the rotating speeds, and judging whether the real-time space pressure values can reach the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the current electric density value condition; if so, the current electrical density value is the available electrical density value.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the operation condition of the fuel cell system is preset, wherein the operation condition comprises at least one of keeping the excess coefficient unchanged and keeping the water balance inside the fuel cell system.
8. A control device of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
the construction module is used for constructing a relation table of an electric density value and a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement, and the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement is as follows: under the corresponding electric density value condition, determining whether electric pile index values corresponding to different air inlet pressures set by a depressurization test are abnormal relative to electric pile index values of 0 elevation or not, and further determining an obtained air inlet pressure value;
the determining module is used for determining the optimal air pressure of the fuel cell system under the condition of the electric density value based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement corresponding to any electric density value according to the relation table;
the diagnosis module is used for determining an available electric density value of the fuel cell system based on the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement; wherein, the available electric density value is an electric density value which enables the fuel cell system to normally operate and is used for controlling a working interval of the normal operation of the fuel cell system;
a control module for controlling operation of the fuel cell system based on the available electrical density value of the fuel cell system and the optimal air-in pressure;
the construction module is specifically configured to:
selecting a preset number of electric density values according to the requirement;
performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test on each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the condition of each electric density value;
constructing a relation table of the electric density value and the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value based on the electric pile air pressure requirement lower limit value under the electric density value conditions;
performing a 0-altitude test and a step-down test on each electric density value to obtain a lower limit value of the air pressure requirement of the electric pile under the condition of each electric density value, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
under any selected electric density value condition, firstly performing a 0-altitude test, and recording a galvanic pile index value under the 0-altitude condition;
adopting preset depressurization amplitude to start depressurization from an empty pressure value of 0 altitude, and waiting for preset time after each depressurization, and recording the current empty pressure value and a pile index value under the current depressurization condition;
judging whether the electric pile index value under the current depressurization condition is abnormal relative to the electric pile index value of the 0 elevation; if the voltage is abnormal, stopping reducing the voltage, taking the last air pressure value as the lower limit value of the electric pile air pressure requirement under the selected electric density value, otherwise, continuing the voltage reduction test until the electric pile index value is abnormal.
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| JPH079812B2 (en) * | 1985-08-05 | 1995-02-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Fuel cell |
| JP4139191B2 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2008-08-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell stack control device |
| CN110299547B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2020-12-15 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Control method and device of fuel cell system |
| KR102703754B1 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2024-09-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Apparatus for controlling fuel cell of an environment friendly vehicle, system having the same and method thereof |
| CN113224356B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-03-04 | 武汉海亿新能源科技有限公司 | Environment self-adaptive system for supplying air flow to fuel cell and control method thereof |
| CN115799570B (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-04-14 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | High altitude adaptive fuel cell air intake system |
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