CN116445762B - Light high-strength high-toughness high-damping titanium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light high-strength high-toughness high-damping titanium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910002551 Fe-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001040 Beta-titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009669 variable-amplitude test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，制备方法步骤如下：S1、配料：按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：钛:77％～82％，铝:2～4％，钒:13％～15％，铁:2.5％～6％；S2、真空熔炼：将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，真空熔炼次数为5‑6次，每次熔炼时间为3～5min，熔炼过程中电弧电流控制在350A～500A；完成熔炼的合金在熔炼炉中随炉冷却；S3、热机械处理：将合金锭在800℃～900℃真空均匀化处理120～150min，之后水淬；将水淬之后的合金进行冷轧，下压量30～50％；最后将冷轧的合金进行真空去应力退火，即得到钛合金。本发明的钛合金具有轻质高强韧高阻尼的特点，较目前成熟的Fe‑Mn阻尼合金，Mn‑Cu阻尼合金具有更轻的质量，较目前成熟的轻质阻尼镁合金具有更高的强度。
A lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, batching: preparing a single metal block according to the following mass percentages: titanium: 77%-82%, aluminum: 2-4%, vanadium: 13%-15%, and iron: 2.5%-6%; S2, vacuum smelting: placing the prepared single metal block in a high vacuum non-consumable arc smelting furnace for vacuum smelting, the vacuum smelting times are 5-6 times, each smelting time is 3-5 minutes, and the arc current is controlled at 350A-500A during the smelting process; the smelted alloy is cooled in the smelting furnace; S3, thermomechanical treatment: subjecting the alloy ingot to vacuum homogenization treatment at 800-900°C for 120-150 minutes, and then water quenching; cold rolling the alloy after water quenching, with a downward pressing amount of 30-50%; finally, vacuum stress relief annealing is performed on the cold-rolled alloy to obtain a titanium alloy. The titanium alloy of the present invention has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, toughness and high damping. It is lighter than the currently mature Fe-Mn damping alloy and Mn-Cu damping alloy, and has higher strength than the currently mature lightweight damping magnesium alloy.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明提供了一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，属于金属材料技术领域。The invention provides a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal materials.
背景技术Background technique
阻尼合金不仅能将机械振动能转化为热能并耗散掉，而且具有较好的力学性能。阻尼合金面向关键制造与装备等重要工程领域，是集功能与结构一体化的一类关键材料。Damping alloys can not only convert mechanical vibration energy into heat energy and dissipate it, but also have good mechanical properties. Damping alloys are a type of key material that integrates function and structure, and are used in important engineering fields such as key manufacturing and equipment.
阻尼合金轻量化的应用需求日益迫切，相比于传统的Fe-Mn基、Mn-Cu阻尼合金，钛合金具有质量轻、强度高、热稳定性强等优点，受到越来越多的关注。而钛合金的合金成分以及制备工艺则直接影响钛合金的阻尼性能，如何平衡钛合金的结构特性与功能特性从而获得高阻尼、质量轻和性能良好的钛合金是钛合金制造应用的关键。由于钛合金阻尼性能普遍不高，目前应用最为广泛的TC4钛合金的阻尼系数为0.0034。TC4合金虽然有优异的结构力学性能，但阻尼性能未满足工程应用减振降噪需求，严重制约了钛合金在减振降噪阻尼合金方面的推广和应用。专利CN109097626A提出了一种具有高阻尼特性和时效稳定性的亚稳β钛合金。通过加入β稳定化元素Mo，V，Zr等进行了β相的动力学稳定化。同时，通过大量多样的廉价元素进行优化组合，维持了钛合金的密度在常规钛合金范围之内。最后通过锻造加工与固溶处理制得最终钛合金。这种钛合金制备方法工序复杂，并且合金元素复杂多样，含有多种难熔金属，冶金难度较大。为推进减振降噪阻尼合金轻量化的发展，应对阻尼合金轻量化的工程需求背景，亟需研发可批量生产应用的轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。The demand for lightweight damping alloys is becoming increasingly urgent. Compared with traditional Fe-Mn-based and Mn-Cu damping alloys, titanium alloys have the advantages of light weight, high strength, and strong thermal stability, and have received more and more attention. The alloy composition and preparation process of titanium alloys directly affect the damping performance of titanium alloys. How to balance the structural and functional characteristics of titanium alloys to obtain titanium alloys with high damping, light weight and good performance is the key to the manufacturing and application of titanium alloys. Since the damping performance of titanium alloys is generally not high, the damping coefficient of the most widely used TC4 titanium alloy is 0.0034. Although TC4 alloy has excellent structural mechanical properties, its damping performance does not meet the requirements of vibration reduction and noise reduction in engineering applications, which seriously restricts the promotion and application of titanium alloys in vibration reduction and noise reduction damping alloys. Patent CN109097626A proposes a metastable β titanium alloy with high damping characteristics and aging stability. The β phase is dynamically stabilized by adding β-stabilizing elements Mo, V, Zr, etc. At the same time, the density of the titanium alloy is maintained within the range of conventional titanium alloys through the optimization combination of a large number of diverse cheap elements. Finally, the final titanium alloy is obtained through forging and solution treatment. The preparation method of this titanium alloy has complicated procedures, and the alloy elements are complex and diverse, containing a variety of refractory metals, and the metallurgical difficulty is relatively high. In order to promote the development of lightweight vibration and noise reduction damping alloys and cope with the engineering demand background of lightweight damping alloys, it is urgent to develop lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping titanium alloys that can be mass-produced and applied.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的发明目的在于克服钛合金阻尼性能欠佳，无法应用于合金阻尼领域的问题，提供一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，本发明的钛合金具有轻质高强韧高阻尼的特点，较目前成熟的Fe-Mn阻尼合金，Mn-Cu阻尼合金具有更轻的质量，较目前成熟的轻质阻尼镁合金具有更高的强度。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem that titanium alloy has poor damping performance and cannot be applied in the field of alloy damping, and to provide a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The titanium alloy of the present invention has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high toughness and high damping. It has a lighter weight than the currently mature Fe-Mn damping alloy and Mn-Cu damping alloy, and has higher strength than the currently mature lightweight damping magnesium alloy.
本发明实现其发明目的所采取的技术方案是：一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，制备方法步骤如下：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve its invention object is: a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, the preparation method steps are as follows:
S1、配料：按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：钛:77％～82％，铝:2～4％，钒:13％～15％，铁:2.5％～6％；S1. Ingredients: Prepare single metal blocks according to the following mass percentages: titanium: 77% to 82%, aluminum: 2 to 4%, vanadium: 13% to 15%, iron: 2.5% to 6%;
S2、真空熔炼：将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，真空熔炼次数为5-6次，每次熔炼时间为3～5min，熔炼过程中电弧电流控制在350A～500A；完成熔炼的合金在熔炼炉中随炉冷却，得到钛合金铸锭；S2. Vacuum melting: placing the prepared single metal block in a high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting, the vacuum melting times are 5-6 times, each melting time is 3-5 minutes, and the arc current is controlled at 350A-500A during the melting process; the alloy after melting is cooled in the melting furnace to obtain a titanium alloy ingot;
S3、热机械处理：将钛合金铸锭在800℃～900℃真空均匀化处理120～150min，之后水淬；将水淬之后的合金进行冷轧，冷轧下压量为30～50％；最后将冷轧的合金进行真空去应力退火，即得到轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。S3. Thermomechanical treatment: subject the titanium alloy ingot to vacuum homogenization treatment at 800°C to 900°C for 120 to 150 minutes, followed by water quenching; cold rolling the alloy after water quenching with a cold rolling reduction of 30 to 50%; finally, vacuum stress relief annealing is performed on the cold rolled alloy to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping titanium alloy.
进一步，本发明所述步骤S1单质金属块的体积为113.1mm3～452.39mm3。Furthermore, the volume of the single metal block in step S1 of the present invention is 113.1 mm 3 to 452.39 mm 3 .
进一步，本发明所述步骤S1配料时按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：钛:78％～80％，铝:2～3％，钒:13.5％～15％，铁:3.5％～5％。Furthermore, in the step S1 of the present invention, the single metal blocks are prepared according to the following mass percentages: titanium: 78% to 80%, aluminum: 2 to 3%, vanadium: 13.5% to 15%, and iron: 3.5% to 5%.
进一步，本发明所述每次放入高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉进行真空熔炼所用单质金属块总重量为200g～250g。Furthermore, the total weight of the single metal block placed in the high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting each time according to the present invention is 200g to 250g.
进一步，本发明所述步骤S2真空熔炼时，保证真空熔炼炉中的真空度为6.0×10-3～7.0×10-3Pa。Furthermore, during the vacuum melting in step S2 of the present invention, the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting furnace is ensured to be 6.0×10-3～7.0×10-3Pa.
进一步，本发明所述步骤S2将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，其中铝金属块放在最下面，钒金属块放在最上面。Furthermore, in step S2 of the present invention, the prepared single-element metal blocks are placed in a high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting, wherein the aluminum metal block is placed at the bottom and the vanadium metal block is placed at the top.
进一步，本发明所述步骤S3冷轧前将钛合金铸锭在830℃～870℃真空均匀化处理130～140min，之后水淬。Furthermore, before cold rolling in step S3 of the present invention, the titanium alloy ingot is subjected to vacuum homogenization treatment at 830° C. to 870° C. for 130 to 140 minutes, and then water quenched.
进一步，本发明所述步骤S3冷轧下压量为37.5～44.5％。Furthermore, the cold rolling reduction in step S3 of the present invention is 37.5-44.5%.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
现有钛合金通过复杂的表面处理或者加入锆、铌、铪等贵金属元素来得到具有高阻尼性能以及高强韧的钛合金，工艺复杂并且成本较高。在大量引入锆、铌、铪等贵金属元素的同时还增加了钛合金的质量，未能达到轻量化的目的。本发明通过在钛合金中添加一定量的非贵合金化元素和钛合金β相稳定化元素Fe，使得钛合金在β相稳定的同时，合金的阻尼性能与力学性能实现最佳的平衡，获得了轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。Existing titanium alloys are obtained by complex surface treatment or adding precious metal elements such as zirconium, niobium, and hafnium to obtain titanium alloys with high damping performance and high toughness. The process is complicated and the cost is high. While introducing a large amount of precious metal elements such as zirconium, niobium, and hafnium, the mass of the titanium alloy is increased, but the purpose of lightweighting is not achieved. The present invention adds a certain amount of non-precious alloying elements and titanium alloy β-phase stabilizing element Fe to the titanium alloy, so that the titanium alloy achieves the best balance between the damping performance and mechanical properties of the alloy while stabilizing the β phase, thereby obtaining a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, and high-damping titanium alloy.
在钛合金中添加Fe元素，当加入Fe元素含量较少时，钛合金的β相不够稳定，同时Fe元素产生的固溶强化效果不明显。当加入Fe元素含量过多时，在熔炼过程中容易出现偏析现象，钛合金的强度会有所提升，对钛合金的阻尼性能产生不利影响。大量试验发现只有当加入2.5～6wt％Fe元素时，才能使得钛合金在β相稳定的同时，合金的阻尼性能与力学性能实现最佳的平衡。When adding Fe element to titanium alloy, when the content of Fe element is too little, the β phase of titanium alloy is not stable enough, and the solid solution strengthening effect of Fe element is not obvious. When too much Fe element is added, segregation is likely to occur during the smelting process, the strength of titanium alloy will be improved, and the damping performance of titanium alloy will be adversely affected. A large number of experiments have found that only when 2.5-6wt% Fe element is added can the damping performance and mechanical properties of titanium alloy be optimally balanced while the β phase is stable.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例钛合金的XRD谱图。FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of a titanium alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例钛合金的拉伸应力应变曲线。FIG. 2 is a tensile stress-strain curve of a titanium alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例钛合金随应变振幅变化内耗谱图。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the internal friction spectrum of the titanium alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention as the strain amplitude varies.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，制备方法的步骤如下：A lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the steps of the preparation method are as follows:
S1、配料：按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：Ti:82wt％，Al:2wt％，V:13.5wt％，Fe:2.5wt％；准备的单质金属块总重量为200g；本例所用的单质金属块为尺寸在Ф60×13mm左右的纽扣锭；S1. Ingredients: Prepare a single metal block according to the following mass percentages: Ti: 82wt%, Al: 2wt%, V: 13.5wt%, Fe: 2.5wt%; the total weight of the prepared single metal block is 200g; the single metal block used in this example is a button ingot with a size of about 60×13mm;
S2、真空熔炼：将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，其中铝金属块放在最下面，钒金属块放在最上面，真空熔炼次数为5次，每次熔炼时间为3～3.5min，熔炼过程中电弧电流控制在460A～500A；真空熔炼时，保证真空熔炼炉中的真空度为6.0×10-3Pa；完成熔炼的合金在熔炼炉中随炉冷却，得到钛合金铸锭；S2. Vacuum melting: placing the prepared single metal block in a high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting, wherein the aluminum metal block is placed at the bottom and the vanadium metal block is placed at the top. The vacuum melting times are 5 times, and the melting time for each time is 3 to 3.5 minutes. During the melting process, the arc current is controlled at 460A to 500A. During vacuum melting, the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting furnace is ensured to be 6.0×10-3Pa. The alloy after melting is cooled in the melting furnace to obtain a titanium alloy ingot.
S3、热机械处理：将钛合金铸锭在800℃真空均匀化处理150min，之后水淬；将水淬之后的合金进行冷轧，冷轧下压量为30％；最后将冷轧的合金进行真空去应力退火，即得到轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。S3. Thermomechanical treatment: The titanium alloy ingot is subjected to vacuum homogenization treatment at 800°C for 150 minutes, and then water quenched; the alloy after water quenching is cold rolled with a cold rolling reduction of 30%; finally, the cold rolled alloy is subjected to vacuum stress relief annealing to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy.
实施例2Example 2
一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，制备方法的步骤如下：A lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the steps of the preparation method are as follows:
S1、配料：按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：Ti:80wt％，Al:3wt％，V:13.5wt％，Fe:3.5wt％；准备的单质金属块总重量为250g；本例所用的单质金属块为尺寸在Ф60×13mm左右的纽扣锭；S1. Ingredients: Prepare a single metal block according to the following mass percentages: Ti: 80wt%, Al: 3wt%, V: 13.5wt%, Fe: 3.5wt%; the total weight of the prepared single metal block is 250g; the single metal block used in this example is a button ingot with a size of about 60×13mm;
S2、真空熔炼：将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，其中铝金属块放在最下面，钒金属块放在最上面，真空熔炼次数为6次，每次熔炼时间为3.5～4.5min，熔炼过程中电弧电流控制在420A～460A；真空熔炼时，保证真空熔炼炉中的真空度为6.5×10-3Pa；完成熔炼的合金在熔炼炉中随炉冷却，得到钛合金铸锭；S2. Vacuum melting: placing the prepared single metal block in a high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting, wherein the aluminum metal block is placed at the bottom and the vanadium metal block is placed at the top. The vacuum melting times are 6 times, and the melting time for each time is 3.5 to 4.5 minutes. During the melting process, the arc current is controlled at 420A to 460A. During vacuum melting, the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting furnace is ensured to be 6.5×10-3Pa. The alloy after melting is cooled in the melting furnace to obtain a titanium alloy ingot.
S3、热机械处理：将钛合金铸锭在830℃真空均匀化处理140min，之后水淬；将水淬之后的合金进行冷轧，冷轧下压量为37.5％；最后将冷轧的合金进行真空去应力退火，即得到轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。S3. Thermomechanical treatment: The titanium alloy ingot is subjected to vacuum homogenization treatment at 830°C for 140 minutes, and then water quenched; the alloy after water quenching is cold rolled with a cold rolling reduction of 37.5%; finally, the cold rolled alloy is subjected to vacuum stress relief annealing to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy.
实施例3Example 3
一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，制备方法的步骤如下：A lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the steps of the preparation method are as follows:
S1、配料：按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：Ti:78wt％，Al:2wt％，V:15wt％，Fe:5wt％；准备的单质金属块总重量为250g；本例所用的单质金属块为尺寸在Ф60×13mm左右的纽扣锭；S1. Ingredients: Prepare a single metal block according to the following mass percentages: Ti: 78wt%, Al: 2wt%, V: 15wt%, Fe: 5wt%; the total weight of the prepared single metal block is 250g; the single metal block used in this example is a button ingot with a size of about 60×13mm;
S2、真空熔炼：将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，其中铝金属块放在最下面，钒金属块放在最上面，真空熔炼次数为6次，每次熔炼时间为4～4.5min，熔炼过程中电弧电流控制在380A～420A；真空熔炼时，保证真空熔炼炉中的真空度为6.67×10-3Pa；完成熔炼的合金在熔炼炉中随炉冷却，得到钛合金铸锭；S2. Vacuum melting: placing the prepared single metal block in a high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting, wherein the aluminum metal block is placed at the bottom and the vanadium metal block is placed at the top. The vacuum melting times are 6 times, and the melting time for each time is 4 to 4.5 minutes. During the melting process, the arc current is controlled at 380A to 420A. During vacuum melting, the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting furnace is ensured to be 6.67×10-3Pa. The alloy after melting is cooled in the melting furnace to obtain a titanium alloy ingot.
S3、热机械处理：将钛合金铸锭在870℃真空均匀化处理130min，之后水淬；将水淬之后的合金进行冷轧，冷轧下压量为44.5％；最后将冷轧的合金进行真空去应力退火，即得到轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。S3. Thermomechanical treatment: The titanium alloy ingot is subjected to vacuum homogenization treatment at 870°C for 130 minutes, and then water quenched; the alloy after water quenching is cold rolled with a cold rolling reduction of 44.5%; finally, the cold rolled alloy is subjected to vacuum stress relief annealing to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy.
实施例4Example 4
一种轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金及其制备方法，制备方法的步骤如下：A lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness, high-damping titanium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the steps of the preparation method are as follows:
S1、配料：按如下质量百分比准备单质金属块：Ti:77wt％，Al:4wt％，V:13wt％，Fe:6wt％；准备的单质金属块总重量为250g；本例所用的单质金属块为尺寸在Ф60×13mm左右的纽扣锭；S1. Ingredients: Prepare a single metal block according to the following mass percentages: Ti: 77wt%, Al: 4wt%, V: 13wt%, Fe: 6wt%; the total weight of the prepared single metal block is 250g; the single metal block used in this example is a button ingot with a size of about 60×13mm;
S2、真空熔炼：将准备的单质金属块置于高真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉中进行真空熔炼，其中铝金属块放在最下面，钒金属块放在最上面，真空熔炼次数为6次，每次熔炼时间为4.5～5min，熔炼过程中电弧电流控制在350A～380A；真空熔炼时，保证真空熔炼炉中的真空度为6.67×10-3Pa；完成熔炼的合金在熔炼炉中随炉冷却，得到钛合金铸锭；S2. Vacuum melting: placing the prepared single metal block in a high vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace for vacuum melting, wherein the aluminum metal block is placed at the bottom and the vanadium metal block is placed at the top. The vacuum melting times are 6 times, and the melting time for each time is 4.5 to 5 minutes. During the melting process, the arc current is controlled at 350A to 380A. During vacuum melting, the vacuum degree in the vacuum melting furnace is ensured to be 6.67×10-3Pa. The alloy after melting is cooled in the melting furnace to obtain a titanium alloy ingot.
S3、热机械处理：将钛合金铸锭在900℃真空均匀化处理120min，之后水淬；将水淬之后的合金进行冷轧，冷轧下压量为50％；最后将冷轧的合金进行真空去应力退火，即得到轻质高强韧高阻尼钛合金。S3. Thermomechanical treatment: The titanium alloy ingot is subjected to vacuum homogenization treatment at 900°C for 120 minutes, and then water quenched; the alloy after water quenching is cold rolled with a cold rolling reduction of 50%; finally, the cold rolled alloy is subjected to vacuum stress relief annealing to obtain a lightweight, high-strength, high-toughness and high-damping titanium alloy.
对本发明实施例1、2、3和4所得钛合金，利用X射线衍射进行物相表征，XRD试样尺寸为10mm×10mm×2mm，XRD具体扫描角度范围为5°～90°，扫描速度为5°/min。图1为实施例1、2、3、4钛合金的XRD谱图。结果表明：本发明实施例1、2、3和4得到钛合金的物相组成均为单一β相。β相为钛合金的高温相，通过添加β相稳定化元素Fe使得高温相β相能够保留至室温，从而得到钛合金。Fe作为β稳定化元素，β相的(110)衍射峰也随着Fe含量增加逐渐增强，其中实施例4是增加Fe含量最多的。β相对应的(200)衍射峰也最强。The titanium alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The size of the XRD sample was 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm, the specific scanning angle range of XRD was 5° to 90°, and the scanning speed was 5°/min. Figure 1 is the XRD spectrum of the titanium alloys in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4. The results show that the phase composition of the titanium alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention is a single β phase. The β phase is a high-temperature phase of the titanium alloy. By adding the β-phase stabilizing element Fe, the high-temperature β phase can be retained to room temperature, thereby obtaining a titanium alloy. Fe is a β-stabilizing element, and the (110) diffraction peak of the β phase also gradually increases with the increase of the Fe content, among which Example 4 has the largest increase in Fe content. The (200) diffraction peak corresponding to β is also the strongest.
对本发明实施例1、2、3和4所得钛合金，利用万能力学试验机进行室温力学性能测试。通过拉伸试验，以1.2mm/min的加载速率进行加载，直到钛合金的拉伸试样被拉断。图2为实施例1、2、3、4钛合金的室温拉伸应力应变曲线。结果表明：本发明实施例1、2、3和4得到的钛合金，其中屈服强度最大为579Mpa，抗拉强度最大为923Mpa，断后延伸率均超过10％，断后延伸率最大为28％。由此可见，本发明所得的钛合金具有优异的强韧性匹配。The titanium alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention were tested for room temperature mechanical properties using a universal mechanical testing machine. Through the tensile test, loading was carried out at a loading rate of 1.2 mm/min until the tensile specimen of the titanium alloy was broken. Figure 2 is the room temperature tensile stress-strain curve of the titanium alloys in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4. The results show that the titanium alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention have a maximum yield strength of 579 MPa, a maximum tensile strength of 923 MPa, and elongation after fracture of more than 10%, with a maximum elongation after fracture of 28%. It can be seen that the titanium alloy obtained by the present invention has excellent strength-toughness matching.
对本发明实施例1、2、3和4所得钛合金，利用动态机械分析仪进行阻尼性能测试，阻尼测试试样尺寸为35mm×10mm×1mm，振幅扫描为0.1μm-100μm，测试频率为1Hz，测试温度为室温。图3为实施例1、2、3、4钛合金在变振幅测试模式下的阻尼性能。结果表明：随着应变振幅增加，钛合金的内耗值也明显上升，本发明实施例1、2、3和4所得钛合金内耗值在随应变振幅增大过程中均能超过0.01，内耗值最高达到0.0424。由此可见本发明所得的钛合金属于高阻尼合金。The damping performance of the titanium alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention was tested using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The damping test sample size was 35mm×10mm×1mm, the amplitude scan was 0.1μm-100μm, the test frequency was 1Hz, and the test temperature was room temperature. Figure 3 shows the damping performance of the titanium alloys in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 under the variable amplitude test mode. The results show that as the strain amplitude increases, the internal friction value of the titanium alloy also increases significantly. The internal friction values of the titanium alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention can all exceed 0.01 as the strain amplitude increases, and the internal friction value can reach a maximum of 0.0424. It can be seen that the titanium alloy obtained by the present invention is a high damping alloy.
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