CN116440226A - 一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物及其汤剂制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物及其汤剂制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物及其汤剂制备方法,该中药组合物包括如下组分,以质量份计,土茯苓40‑50g,葛根30‑40g,天麻10‑15g,川芎10‑15g,藁本10‑15g,鬼针草10‑15g,鬼箭羽10‑15g;其汤剂制备方法为:将中药组合物混合均匀,加入600‑800ml水,煎煮2次,合并煎液,浓缩获得100‑200ml的汤剂,即获得所述汤剂;本发明采用中药配方,利用各中药成分各自的功效,并相互配合,对腔隙性脑梗死患者的临床症状进行了有效控制,对于降低致残率、提高治愈率起到重要的临床意义和社会效益,且本发明中药配方成本低廉、安全性好,副作用小。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药配方组合物及其制备方法,属于中药配方技术领域。
背景技术
腔隙性脑梗死(Lacunar infarction,LI),系多发生于中老年人,因高血压、高血糖、高血脂、长期吸烟等危险因素引起的脑血管狭窄、硬化,甚则闭塞,形成微小梗死灶的疾病[1]。临床早期多见眩晕头痛症状[2],随疾病进展,可出现记忆力下降、头昏脑鸣、肢体麻木、睡眠障碍等临床表现。该病发病率高,且随年龄增长,其发病增加,是临床常见的脑梗死类型,占缺血性脑卒中疾病的20%-30%[2]。腔隙性脑梗死多为小血管病变,多发病于脑部深穿支小动脉,梗死灶大小通常直径小于1.5cm,多于头颅CT或颅脑MRI检查中确诊[4]。该病复发率高且与认知功能障碍密切相关,若不加以干预,症状进一步发展,可引起脑组织的缺血、坏死以及神经系统乃至脑实质损伤,出现急性缺血性脑卒中、血管性痴呆等脑血管疾病[5]。
随着我国人口逐步老龄化,老年人病发腔隙性脑梗死的概率逐年上升,初发症状常见眩晕、头痛等,进而出现注意力不集中、记忆力下降、反应迟钝等症状,此病已然成为认知功能障碍和痴呆发生的高危影响因素,严重影响着老年人的生活质量与信心;西医针对此类脑血管疾病临床治疗多单一、效果不佳。近年来,中医药在治疗腔隙性脑梗死患者方面发挥着越来越重的作用,体现出强大优势[6-7]。因此,针对腔隙性脑梗死患者进行中医药针对性治疗,可尽快减轻脑血管疾病的症状,预防知功能障碍和痴呆的发生机率,起到“防患于未然”的效果。
古代医家将腔隙性脑梗死归为“中风病”范畴,认为该病病位在脑,病机总属本虚标实,致病因素主要为风、痰、湿、瘀、毒,其中尤以风、痰、瘀为常见致病因素与病理产物,其治疗主要补虚泻实,平衡阴阳。根据中医经络理论学说,脑络之气机郁滞为中风发病的起始环节,加之情志失调、饮食失节、劳累过度、年老体衰等因素,风痰入络,脑络瘀阻,形成腔隙性脑梗死一病,是其核心病机;腔隙性脑梗死患者早期症轻,发为眩晕头痛,中后期,痰瘀交阻,络脉不通,可见善忘、语言不利、痴呆等临床症状。所谓“络以通为用”[8],针对腔隙性脑梗死患者,治疗法则当以熄风化痰、活血通络为要。
发明内容
腔隙性脑梗死患者,往往集高血压、高血糖、高血脂、冠心病等多种疾病于一身,身体抵抗力较差,其核心病机为:风痰入络,脑络瘀阻,本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗效果好、副作用小、使用方便的治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物。
具体而言,本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
首先,本申请提供了一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物,包括以下质量的组分:
土茯苓40-50g;
葛根30-40g;
天麻10-15g;
川芎10-15g;
藁本10-15g;
鬼针草10-15g;
鬼箭羽10-15g。
土茯苓,解毒、熄风、化痰除湿、通利关节;常用于缓解肢体拘挛,筋骨疼痛。《本草纲目》记载该药可以“健脾胃,强筋骨,去风湿,利关节,止泄泻。治拘挛骨痛,恶疮痈肿。”故作为君药,具有熄风化痰,除湿解毒之功,针对痰湿邪困,眩晕头痛患者疗效甚佳。现代药理学表明,土茯苓可以提高机体抵抗力,对血管疾病具有防治效果[9]。
葛根,解肌退热,生津,透疹,升阳止泻。《本草纲目》:“葛根乃阳明经药,兼入脾经。”《本经逢原》言其性“轻浮,生用则升阳生津,熟用则鼓舞胃气。”于全方中做臣药,助升阳通络,缓解项背强痛,口渴,消渴,眩晕头痛,中风肢体不利等症状。现代药理学表明,葛根具有很好的改善脑循环、降血压、降血糖、抗氧化等多种药理作用。
天麻,熄风止痉、平抑肝阳、祛风通络,常用于眩晕头痛,肢体麻木,下肢痹痛;《本经》谓其“久服益气力,长阴,肥健,轻身,增年”;《珍珠囊》言其可治风虚眩晕头痛;故而与葛根共为臣药,祛风除湿,治疗风痰上扰引起的眩晕头痛症状甚佳。同时现代药理学研究发现,天麻素具有扩张血管、改善脑部血液循环,缓解缺血性眩晕的功效[10]。
川芎,活血行气、祛风止痛;为“血中之气药”,活血化瘀之良药,《本经》言天麻“主中风入脑,头痛,寒痹,筋挛缓急,金疮,妇人血闭无子。”《日华子本草》言其可“调众脉,破癥结宿血……消瘀血。”该药在全方中作佐药,活血化瘀、平肝熄风,缓解瘀血阻络、肝阳化风引起的眩晕头痛、颈项酸楚、偏身麻木。现代药理学表明,川芎提取物可降低血压、降低血液浓稠度,并能够扩张动脉,增加脑动脉血流量[11]。
藁本,祛风、散寒、除湿、止痛;《本草汇言》言:“藁本,升阳而发散风湿,上通巅顶,下达肠胃之药也。其气辛香雄烈,能清上焦之邪,辟雾露之气,故治风头痛,寒气犯脑以连齿痛……大抵辛温升散,祛风寒湿气于巨阳之经为专攻,若利下焦寒湿之论,必兼下行之药为善。”故与川芎共为佐药,有散寒除湿、舒筋活血之效,可助全方通络之效,缓解眩晕头痛、筋骨疼痛、四肢麻木、腰酸腿软、手足拘挛、肩背疼痛等症状。现代药理学表明,藁本活性提取物具有神经保护作用,可改善血脑屏障通透性和神经元功能,改善脑部功能[12]。
鬼针草,清热解毒、散瘀消肿;此药入肝经,具有助疏泄、调气机的功效。《素问·五脏生成论》曰“头痛巅疾,下虚上实”;《灵枢·口问》谓:“故邪之所在,皆为不足,故上气不足,脑为之不满,耳为之苦鸣,头为之苦倾,目为之眩。”腔隙性脑梗死引起头痛、眩晕症状,其病理性质为下虚上实;风痰扰络、瘀血阻窍,皆碍气血正常运行,鬼针草具有活血化瘀的作用,所谓“血为气之母”、“气为血之帅”,血行则气性,气机升降有序、气血运行调达,故而选为全方使药。另有现代药理学研究表明鬼针草提取物具有降压降糖、抗炎镇痛、保护脑损伤、降脂等药理作用,临床应用,活血通络、调控血脂等作用明显[13]。
鬼箭羽,药入肝、脾二经,可治疗心、腹疼痛,兼具通经活络之功,是活血化瘀、通经解毒之良药。《本经》言其功精专于血分,破血之力专;故与鬼针草共为使药,加强通经活血之效。另有现代药理学研究表明该药具有调节血脂、降低血糖的功用,同时还可减少脑缺血损伤,抑制神经细胞凋亡[14]。
全方选药,熄风化痰,活血通络,临床用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死患者疗效较高,同时具有毒副作用低的优点,值得进一步应用探讨。
其次,本申请还提供了如上述中药组合物的制备方法,具体如下:按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,即得所述中药汤剂。
在具体实践中,如上所述的汤剂的使用方法为:共取100-200ml上述汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服用50-100ml。所述中药的用药疗程为30天一疗程,巩固治疗需要2-3个疗程,在病发和治疗过程中可以根据病情需要使用,无毒副作用。
上述配方中药组合物中还可以添加一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物组合物,制备成蜜丸、胶囊、颗粒冲剂等其他药剂形式。
本发明的有益效果是:腔隙性脑梗死患者引起眩晕头痛症状,影响生活质量,西药治疗效果不显,不能阻止疾病进展;本发明采用中药配方,利用各中药成分各自的功效,并相互配合,治疗眩晕头痛临床症状效果显著,对腔隙性脑梗死患者进行有效控制,对于降低患病率和致残率、提高治愈率、防治脑血管病起到重要的临床意义和社会效益,且本发明中药配方具有成本低廉、安全性好,副作用小等特点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例,详细说明本发明的具体实施方式:
实施例1:
土茯苓40g,天麻15,川芎15,葛根30g,藁本10g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽15g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕头痛间作。
实施例2:
土茯苓40g,天麻10,川芎10,葛根30g,藁本10g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽12g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕头痛伴周身乏力、行走不稳。
实施例3:
土茯苓40g,天麻10,川芎15,葛根40g,藁本15g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽10g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕头痛伴手麻。
实施例4:
土茯苓50g,天麻15,川芎15,葛根35g,藁本15g,鬼针草10g,鬼箭羽15g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕头痛间作、善忘近事。
实施例5:
土茯苓40g,天麻10,川芎10,葛根35g,藁本10g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽15g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕头痛间作伴记忆力下降。
实施例6:
土茯苓40g,天麻15,川芎15,葛根40g,藁本10g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽15g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕头痛间作。
实施例7:
土茯苓45g,天麻15,川芎15,葛根30g,藁本15g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽15g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的头昏眩晕。
实施例8:
土茯苓50g,天麻10,川芎10,葛根30g,藁本10g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽15g。
共30剂,每日1剂,按照上述重量份称取各类药材混合均匀,先加入一次600-800ml水,煎煮1次得到“煎液”1;然后,再加入600-800ml水,煎煮1次,得到“煎液2”;然后“煎液1”和“煎液2”合并,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,视患者承受程度,早晚各服50-100ml,用于治疗腔隙性脑梗死引起的眩晕脑鸣。
实施例9:中药组合物对腔隙性脑梗死临床症状的治疗效果。
试验方法:选取西医诊断符合腔隙性脑梗死,中医诊断符合中风病范畴患者进行临床疗效试验。
《临床诊疗指南神经病学分册·腔隙性脑梗死》:
头颅CT或颅脑MRI检查明确诊断为腔隙性脑梗死,排除出血性脑血管病及合并严重肝肾功能障碍、大面积脑梗塞、脑栓塞、肿瘤疾病、精神疾病等。
《中医病证诊断疗效标准》:
治愈:症状及体征完全消失,完全生活自理;
好转:症状及体征好转,能自主行动,或基本能生活自理;
无效:症状及体征无变化。
参照《临床诊疗指南神经病学分册·腔隙性脑梗死》诊断标准[15],选定符合标准的腔隙性脑梗死患者共120例,采用随机、单盲、对照研究的试验方法,将其随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例。
治疗组在常规西医治疗基础上,治疗组服用一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药配方组成,每剂中包括以下质量的组分:土茯苓40g,天麻10g,葛根30g,川芎10g,藁本10g,鬼针草15g,鬼箭羽15g。混合后,加入600ml水,煎煮2次,合并煎液,最终浓缩获得200ml汤剂,获得即得所述中药汤剂。其使用方法为:共取200ml上述汤剂,早晚各服用100ml。
对照组根据个人情况给予常规西医治疗(阿司匹林肠溶片抗血小板聚集、瑞舒伐他汀钙片降脂、琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片控制心率及个性化降压、降糖方案)。
2组均连续服药30d为1个疗程,每7d复诊1次,观察时间为1个疗程。治疗1个疗程后,观察2组治疗前后症状缓解情况。具体结果见表1:
表1两组治疗前后疗效比较(例,%)
注:与对照组比较,△P<0.01
表1研究结果显示:治疗组治疗前后症状治愈率为48.3%,有效率为85%,明显优于对照组症状治愈率(15.8%)及有效率(47.3%),均具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。说明一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药配方可以有效治疗患者眩晕头痛症状,并可一定程度上改善患者记忆力下降、头昏脑鸣、肢体麻木等症状,对提高患者生活质量起重要作用。
本发明采用中药配方,利用各中药成分各自的功效,并相互配合,对腔隙性脑梗死患者进行有效控制,且本发明中药配方成本低廉、安全性好,副作用小。
以上已以较佳实施例公开了本发明,然其并非用以限制本发明,凡采用等同替换或者等效变换方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
参考文献:
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Claims (2)
1.一种治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物,其特征在于,该中药组合物包括以下重量比的中药成分:
土茯苓40-50g;
葛根30-40g;
天麻10-15g;
川芎10-15g;
藁本10-15g;
鬼针草10-15g;
鬼箭羽10-15g。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物的汤剂制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:将所述中药组合物混合均匀,先后各加入600-800ml水,煎煮2次,合并煎液,浓缩获得100-200ml的汤剂,即获得所述治疗腔隙性脑梗死的中药组合物汤剂。
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