CN116436254B - Multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on composite excitation structure - Google Patents
Multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on composite excitation structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116436254B CN116436254B CN202310691801.6A CN202310691801A CN116436254B CN 116436254 B CN116436254 B CN 116436254B CN 202310691801 A CN202310691801 A CN 202310691801A CN 116436254 B CN116436254 B CN 116436254B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
- H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/279—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The invention relates to a multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure, which is mainly divided into three parts: a primary power section, a secondary power section, and a concentric shaft. The stator side of the primary power part adopts a big and small tooth structure. The stator side winding is a composite functional winding, a drum winding structure is adopted, and excitation in the winding can be divided into a direct current excitation part and an alternating current excitation part. The rotor side adopts a unipolar arc permanent magnet structure, so that the consumption of the permanent magnet can be reduced, and the coupling of permanent magnet excitation and direct current excitation can be realized. The secondary power part consists of an inner rotor, an outer rotor and a modulation ring, and the power generated by the primary power part is amplified through a concentric shaft. In addition, the permanent magnets in the inner rotor and the outer rotor are of embedded type unipolar structures. The scheme has the advantages of strong output capability, strong torque amplifying capability, good fault tolerance capability, less permanent magnet consumption, simple winding structure, flexible control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gear motor, in particular to a multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure, and belongs to the technical field of composite excitation motors.
Background
With the rapid development of the electric automobile industry, the permanent magnet motor is widely applied. In the last 80 th century, researchers have found a Ru-Fe-B magnet (NdFeB), which is a permanent magnet with a high magnetic energy product. The permanent magnet has relatively low cost and simple processing technology, and greatly improves the power density, the torque density and the market competitiveness of the permanent magnet motor. However, conventional centralized driving motors applied to electric vehicles generally perform deceleration based on mechanical gears, so that there is a relatively significant mechanical loss. On the basis, in order to further improve the torque output capability of the electric automobile driving system at a low speed, a plurality of variant structures, such as a compound excitation motor and the like, are proposed by a learner based on the traditional permanent magnet motor. However, due to the restriction of materials and structural space, the motor has the defects of serious pole-to-pole magnetic flux leakage, large torque pulsation, low power factor and the like. At the same time, because of the higher electrical load, a larger capacity drive is required, thus increasing the overall volume and cost of the electric drive system. It is worth emphasizing that when the excitation is strong, it also results in the magnetic circuit being saturated easily, thus limiting the torque amplifying capacity of the motor. This not only exacerbates the overall heating problem of the motor, but also further limits the practical application range of the compound excitation motor. In addition, in order to realize low-speed and high-torque output, the compound excitation motor generally adopts more permanent magnet materials, which not only increases the processing cost of the motor, but also reduces the utilization rate of the permanent magnets.
In summary, the development of the compound excitation motor is limited by the electromagnetic defect and the mechanical defect. Therefore, a novel compound excitation motor needs to be designed, and inter-pole magnetic leakage is restrained through a special permanent magnet structure and a special magnetic circuit structure, so that the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is improved, and the corresponding electromagnetic performance of the motor, such as higher torque density, lower torque pulsation, stronger torque amplifying capability and the like, is further improved. In addition, the motor structure has the characteristics of small overall size, high reliability, strong heat dissipation capacity, low cost of a matched controller and the like, so that the motor structure is suitable for wider market application environments.
However, designing a compound-excited motor with high torque density has certain technical difficulties at the present stage. Firstly, the structural distribution and design difficulties of the high torque density compound excitation motor are great. Because the permanent magnet motor in the single-stage torque amplifying structure is generally of a traditional double-excitation structure and is limited by stator and rotor spaces, the torque amplifying capability of the permanent magnet motor is limited. Although the novel multi-excitation motor can improve the torque density, the excitation magnetic field has more components and contains more interference harmonic components, so that part of the electromagnetic performance is poor. In many application occasions at the present stage, the electromagnetic performance of the motor is required definitely, and if the torque output quality of the motor is poor, the market competitiveness of the motor is reduced. Further, the novel multi-excitation motor generally has higher magnetic and electric loads for achieving higher torque density, and adopts an inner stator and outer rotor structure, but this will cause the following problems: 1) The consumption of the permanent magnet of the motor is increased, so that the cost of the motor is increased, and the processing technology of the motor is complicated; 2) The motor winding is increased to increase the heating degree of the stator and the rotor of the motor, so that the heat dissipation difficulty of the motor is increased, and the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the motor permanent magnet is increased; 3) Because of the multiple windings in the motor, the winding structure is complicated, the design space of the permanent magnet of the motor is extruded, the power density and the torque density of the motor are reduced to a certain extent, and coupling between interference harmonic magnetic fields can be caused. Secondly, at the present stage, it is difficult to make the permanent magnet motor simultaneously give consideration to the utilization rate of the permanent magnet and the power factor under the low-speed and high-torque state. This is because the permanent magnet vernier motor with low-speed and large-torque characteristics often has the characteristics of large permanent magnet consumption and more pole pairs of permanent magnets. Although the magnetic load can be increased to a certain extent by using more permanent magnets, the magnetic leakage phenomenon of the motor can be aggravated, so that the utilization rate of the permanent magnets is reduced. The existing solutions are as follows: 1) The torque loss caused by insufficient magnetic load is compensated for by increasing the electric load. However, this will result in a decrease in the power factor of the motor, thus increasing the capacity of its control system, resulting in a waste of resources and an increase in cost; 2) Further torque multiplication is performed using mechanical gears, but this will increase the complexity of the motor, increase the mechanical losses, and lead to a decrease in the reliability of the system as a whole. Finally, the air gap field of the permanent magnet motor is fixed and not adjustable at the present stage, so that the torque amplification factor of the motor structure derived from the air gap field is fixed, namely not adjustable (usually "single-stage torque amplification" or "two-stage torque amplification"). Further, if the motor structure is designed based on the highest specification of the application, it may result in cost waste. Thus, there is a need for an electric motor whose magnification factor is adjustable (electromagnetic adjustment rather than mechanical adjustment) by its structural design to increase flexibility in its practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure, and the structure provided by the invention has the following expected effects: on the premise of less rare earth and brushless, the electromagnetic performance of the motor is optimized, the multistage torque amplification effect and the multistage speed reduction effect are realized, and the torque amplification effect can be regulated and controlled. In addition, the stator, the rotor and the winding of the structure are simple in structure and easy to process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows, the multi-stage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure comprises a primary power part, a secondary power part and a concentric shaft, wherein the primary power part is used for converting electric energy into mechanical energy, the secondary power part is used for transmitting the mechanical energy and realizing final output, and the concentric shaft is positioned between the primary power part and the secondary power part and used for power connection between the primary power part and the secondary power part. Wherein, the primary power part is sequentially provided with a rotor, a stator and a stator aluminum shell from inside to outside. The secondary power part comprises an inner rotor, a modulation ring, an outer rotor and a rotor aluminum shell from inside to outside.
As an improvement of the present invention, stator teeth in a stator are divided into large teeth and small teeth. In terms of structural dimensions, the large teeth are slightly wider than the small teeth and slightly longer than the small teeth. Functionally, the large teeth mainly construct paths for the alternating current excitation portions in the composite functional windings, and the small teeth mainly construct paths for the direct current excitation portions in the composite functional windings. The scheme adopts a big and small tooth structure, and provides a reasonable closed path for an excitation magnetic circuit generated by a direct current excitation part and a permanent magnet excitation part in the composite function winding.
As an improvement of the invention, the outer side of the stator is provided with a stator aluminum shell, and the stator aluminum shell is connected and fixed through a fixing module. Wherein, be provided with a dovetailed interlock structure in the fixed module, the fixed module that is adjacent separates certain distance between, this has reserved the space for the conductor of drum winding outside the stator.
As an improvement of the invention, only one set of windings, namely the composite function windings, are arranged in the stator. It is worth emphasizing that the composite functional winding is in a drum winding structure, one part of the conductors of the winding are arranged in the stator slots, the other part of the conductors are arranged outside the stator, and the large teeth and the small teeth are used as intervals and wound on the yoke part of the stator in sequence. The winding end space is small, so that the axial preset space of the motor can be reduced, the installation process is simplified, the copper loss of the end winding is reduced, and the space utilization rate of the stator slot is effectively increased. In addition, unlike the conventional winding, the composite function winding has two kinds of excitation, i.e., a direct current excitation part and an alternating current excitation part, and has two kinds of functions. The DC excitation part in the winding is responsible for adjusting the excitation capability of the motor, and the AC excitation part is responsible for outputting direct torque. Unlike conventional permanent magnet motors, the DC excitation section produces a static magnetic field and the rotor permanent magnets produce a rotating magnetic field, but the two are coupled in the motor structure. In addition, the number of slots of each phase of each pole of the composite functional winding is larger than 1, so that higher-order harmonic waves in the air gap magnetic field can be effectively filtered.
As an improvement of the invention, the rotor comprises an arc permanent magnet and an iron core, the outer side of the arc permanent magnet is of an arc structure, the inner side of the arc permanent magnet is of a linear structure, the structure can increase the magnetic circuit gathering capacity of the motor on the premise of not increasing the dosage of the permanent magnet, namely the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is improved, furthermore, the two sides of the arc permanent magnet are provided with rotor magnetism isolating slots, and in addition, the iron cores on the two sides of the arc permanent magnet are required to provide a loop for the generated magnetic flux due to the fact that the polarities of all the arc permanent magnets are the same. In addition, the number of the arc-shaped permanent magnetsEqual to the rotor pole pair->DC excited pole pair number +.>For stator tooth number->One half of the pole pair of the AC excitation +.>Then equal to->And->Difference(s) of (I) and (II)>Is greater than->。
As an improvement of the invention, the secondary power part comprises an inner rotor, a modulation ring, an outer rotor and a rotor aluminum shell from inside to outside. The aluminum shell of the rotor is combined with the outer rotor in a gap assembly mode through a dovetail type occlusion structure of the secondary power part. The outer rotor and the inner rotor are both of embedded permanent magnet structures, a non-rotatable modulation ring is arranged in the middle of each of the outer rotor and the inner rotor, and the modulation rings are fixed by laser welding after being laminated by silicon steel sheets.
As an improvement of the invention, both the inner rotor and the outer rotor adopt embedded permanent magnet structures. Adjacent outer permanent magnets are isolated by the outer iron core, and adjacent inner permanent magnets are isolated by the inner iron core. The polarities of the permanent magnets in the inner rotor and the outer rotor are single, so that the use amount of the permanent magnets can be reduced under the condition of ensuring that the pole pair number is unchanged, and rare earth reduction is realized. In addition, all the outer-layer permanent magnets and the inner-layer permanent magnets are of the same polarity, so that the magnetic circuit formed by the outer-layer iron core and the inner-layer iron core with the permanent magnets can avoid the risk of irreversible demagnetization. The outer sides of all the outer permanent magnets are provided with outer magnetism isolating slots, and the outer sides of all the inner permanent magnets are provided with inner magnetism isolating slots. The structure can effectively inhibit the interelectrode magnetic flux leakage phenomenon and improve the torque and the power density.
As an improvement of the invention, the outer rotor pole pair numberThe number of the permanent magnets is equal to the number of the outer permanent magnets->Inner rotor pole pair ∈>The number of the permanent magnets is equal to that of the inner permanent magnet>The number of the permanent magnets of the outer layer permanent magnet->The number of permanent magnets of the inner permanent magnet>And the number of modulation blocks in the modulation loop +.>The relation of (2) needs to satisfy: />。
As an improvement of the invention, the rotor of the primary power part and the inner rotor of the secondary power part are connected through the concentric shaft, and concentric shaft positioning protrusions are arranged on the concentric shaft body and can be meshed with the first positioning grooves and the second positioning grooves in the rotor and the inner rotor, so that the primary power part can effectively transmit power to the secondary power part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages,
1) The effect of more flexible three-level torque amplification can be realized. The torque amplification effect of a typical non-contact torque amplifier is "single-stage torque amplification" or "two-stage torque amplification". The principle of the traditional structure of single-stage and two-stage torque amplification is that the stator tooth structure and the modulation block are combined into one, or a mechanical planetary gear is matched, so that the purpose of torque amplification is achieved. However, this would result in an excessively complex internal structure of the motor. Meanwhile, the motor structure of single-stage torque amplification is generally of an inner stator outer rotor structure, which is also unfavorable for structural design. The structure provided by the invention realizes the three moment-increasing effect through direct current excitation in the composite functional winding, the large and small tooth structure and the secondary power part, and removes the mechanical transmission part (non-contact), and the torque amplifying capability of the motor is controllable because the current in the direct current winding is adjustable.
2) A more flexible "self-decelerating" effect can be achieved. A typical speed reducer is a mechanical planetary gear structure, but this will lead to an increase in mechanical loss of the motor, a decrease in efficiency, and a decrease in reliability under long-term operation thereof. The topology provided by the invention is designed based on a field modulation theory, realizes a twice deceleration effect through a large and small tooth structure and a secondary power part, removes a mechanical transmission part, reduces loss and can effectively relieve the working pressure of the frequency converter.
3) An arc permanent magnet structure is adopted in the primary power part, and the structure can optimize a permanent magnet excitation source and improve the utilization rate of the permanent magnet under the condition of not changing the dosage of the permanent magnet. In addition, unlike conventional permanent magnet motors, all the arc-shaped permanent magnets in the invention have the same polarity, i.e. the number of rotor pole pairs is equal to the number of permanent magnets.
4) The motor is provided with a set of stator windings with composite functions, and a direct current excitation part and an alternating current excitation part are simultaneously arranged in the excitation of the windings. It is worth emphasizing that the composite functional winding adopts a novel drum winding structure. The winding structure design can effectively couple magnetic fields generated by two types of excitation, effectively reduce the volume of an end winding, simplify the installation cost and reduce the axial length of the motor.
5) The inner side and the outer side of the fixing module in the primary power part are provided with primary power part dovetail type occlusion structures, so that the stator and the stator aluminum shell can be fixed. It is worth emphasizing that the aluminum shell is an excellent magnetism isolating material, so that the structure can effectively improve the structural rigidity of the motor, and the structure cannot influence the original magnetic circuit. In addition, since a certain distance exists between each adjacent module in the fixed module, the wire embedding work is easier. Meanwhile, the space can be utilized, and the motor can be effectively radiated by adopting means such as forced air cooling, so that the problem of heating of the stator side is solved.
6) All permanent magnets in the outer rotor and the inner rotor in the secondary power part are homopolar (the number of the permanent magnets is equal to the pole pair number of the rotor), so that the use amount of the permanent magnets of the motor can be reduced, the utilization rate of the permanent magnets can be increased, and the processing and assembling difficulties of the part can be simplified. In addition, as the permanent magnets in the inner rotor and the outer rotor are all of the same polarity, the risk of demagnetization of the permanent magnets is effectively avoided.
7) In the primary power part and the secondary power part, the two sides of the permanent magnet in the rotor are respectively provided with a magnetism isolating notch structure, so that interelectrode magnetic flux leakage can be effectively reduced, and the effect of improving torque density is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a motor structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a primary power section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the primary power section composite function winding distribution;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the torque capacity of a composite functional winding in a power section in comparison with a conventional winding;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an arc-shaped permanent magnet in a primary power section;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary power section;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a secondary power section divided magnetic slot;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the width of the outer magnetic isolation slot and the torque output capability of the outer rotor;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the relationship between the width of the inner magnetically isolated slot and the torque output capability of the outer rotor;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional configuration of a primary power section based on a multi-stage torque amplifying self-reduction motor derivative topology under a compound excitation configuration;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the power engagement portion of a multistage torque amplifying self-decelerating motor derivative topology;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the back side structure of the power engagement portion of the multistage torque-amplified self-reduction motor derivative topology.
Wherein: 1. 1-1 part of a primary power part, 1-2 parts of a stator, 1-3 parts of a rotor, a composite function winding, 1-4 parts of a large tooth, 1-5 parts of a small tooth, 1-6 parts of an arc permanent magnet, 1-7 parts of an iron core, 1-8 parts of a rotor magnetism isolating notch, 1-9 parts of a stator aluminum shell, 1-10 parts of a fixed module, 1-11 parts of a primary power part dovetail type engagement structure, 1-12 parts of a first positioning groove, 2 parts of a secondary power part, 2-1 parts of an outer rotor, 2-2 parts of a modulation ring, 2-3 parts of an inner rotor, 2-4 parts of an outer iron core, 2-5 parts of an inner iron core, 2-6 parts of an outer permanent magnet, 2-7 parts of an inner permanent magnet, 2-8 parts of an outer magnetism isolating notch, 2-9 parts of an inner magnetism isolating notch, 2-10, a rotor aluminum shell, 2-11, a dovetail type snap-in structure of a secondary power part, 2-12, a second positioning groove, 3, a concentric shaft, 3-1, a concentric shaft positioning protrusion, 4-1, a phase A type winding, 4-2, a phase A type winding, 4-3, a phase B type winding, 4-4, a phase D type winding, 4-5, a phase B type winding, 4-6, a phase B type winding, 4-7, a phase E type winding, 4-8, a phase E type winding, 4-9, a phase C type winding, 4-10, a phase C type winding, 5-1, alternating current excitation only, 5-2, alternating current excitation and direct current excitation (traditional windings), 5-3, alternating current excitation and direct current excitation (composite function windings); 6-1 The magnetic isolation device comprises an inner magnetic isolation groove with the width of 0mm, an inner magnetic isolation groove with the width of 0.35mm, an outer magnetic isolation groove with the width of 6-3 and the width of 0.25mm, an outer magnetic isolation groove with the width of 0mm, an outer magnetic isolation groove with the width of 7-1, an outer rotor structure, an inner stator structure, a part connected with an inner rotor of a secondary power part, and a part connected with an outer rotor of a primary power part, wherein the inner magnetic isolation groove is 6-2, the inner magnetic isolation groove is 6-3, the outer magnetic isolation groove is 6-4, the outer magnetic isolation groove is 0mm in width, the outer rotor structure is 7-1, the inner stator structure is 7-2, the part connected with the inner rotor of the secondary power part, and the part is 8-2.
Detailed Description
In order to enhance the understanding of the present invention, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: the invention discloses a multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure. In the novel compound excitation motor, the three parts are mainly divided: a primary power section 1, a secondary power section 2 and a concentric shaft 3.
First, a first-stage power portion 1 according to the present invention will be described, as shown in fig. 1 and 2. The main structure of the graph is as follows: a stator 1-1 and a rotor 1-2.
For the stator 1-1, a novel 'big and small tooth structure' is adopted, the big tooth 1-4 provides a passage for an alternating current excitation part and a permanent magnet excitation part in the composite function winding 1-3 based on a five-phase structure, and the small tooth 1-5 provides a passage for direct current excitation and permanent magnet excitation in the composite function winding. The composite function winding 1-3 adopts a drum winding structure, namely, one semiconductor is positioned in a stator slot, and the other semiconductor is positioned at the outer side of the stator, so that the end volume of the motor can be effectively reduced, the heat dissipation of the motor is facilitated, and the efficiency and the reliability of the motor are improved. Further, although the composite function winding 1-3 has only one set of windings, the internal excitation can be divided into two parts, namely an alternating current excitation part and a direct current excitation part. The alternating current excitation part can directly generate effective electromagnetic torque, the direct current excitation part can generate a new excitation magnetic circuit, and the magnetic circuit generated by the magnetic circuit and the permanent magnet excitation is similar to a parallel connection relationship rather than a series connection relationship, so that the phenomenon of irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet caused by weak magnetism can be effectively avoided. Further, unlike the conventional five-phase structure, the complex function winding is a novel five-phase winding, the structure of which is shown in fig. 3. In the winding, it is divided into a class a five phase structure and a class B five phase structure, with an initial angle between the class a five phase and the class B five phase offset by one stator pitch. Further, the phase A windings are connected in series, the phase B windings are connected in series, and the A, B windings are not interfered with each other. It is worth to say that the current amplitude injected in the class A five-phase winding is completely consistent with that injected in the class B five-phase winding, and the difference is mainly reflected in the current angle. In summary, it can be seen that the composite functional winding 1-3 provided by the present invention can realize the functions of two sets of windings of the conventional permanent magnet motor by one set of windings, thereby effectively simplifying the structure of the motor winding. Fig. 4 shows a comparative schematic diagram of the torque capacity of a composite function winding and a conventional winding at the same motor size and the same current density. It can be seen from the figure that the moment-increasing capacity of the composite functional winding 1-3 is about 71% and that of the conventional winding is 54% under the condition that the number of turns is the same. Therefore, the torque capacity of the composite functional winding 1-3 is about 31.5% higher than that of the traditional winding, and the composite functional winding has stronger torque amplifying capacity. The outer side of the stator 1-1 is provided with a fixed module 1-10 and a stator aluminum shell 1-9. The inner side and the outer side of the fixed module 1-10 are respectively provided with a first-stage power part dovetail type occluding structure 1-11, so that the stator 1-1 and the stator aluminum shell 1-9 can be effectively connected, and the stability and the reliability of the integral structure of the motor can be improved. In addition, because a certain distance is arranged between the adjacent fixed modules 1-10, an installation space can be provided for the conductor of the composite function winding 1-3 on the outer side of the stator, and heat dissipation can be carried out for the stator winding based on the channel, so that the heating phenomenon of the motor can be effectively relieved.
As for the rotor 1-2, it employs an arc-shaped permanent magnet 1-6 as its permanent magnet structure, as shown in fig. 5. From the figure, the outer side of the permanent magnet is of an arc-shaped structure, and the inner side of the permanent magnet is of a linear structure. Therefore, the invention optimizes the excitation capability of the permanent magnet excitation source at different circumferential positions, so that the fundamental component duty ratio of the permanent magnet excitation source is increased, thereby effectively reducing torque pulsation and improving the utilization rate of the permanent magnet. All the arc-shaped permanent magnets in the rotor 1-2 have the same polarity, and rotor magnetism isolating notches 1-8 are arranged on two sides of the permanent magnets to inhibit magnetism leakage. Compared with the traditional permanent magnet structure, the structure can effectively reduce the consumption of the permanent magnet and optimize the no-load induced electromotive force waveform. Iron cores 1-7 are arranged on two sides of the arc-shaped permanent magnets 1-6 and are responsible for providing a loop for magnetic flux generated by the arc-shaped permanent magnets 1-6. Therefore, it can be seen that the magnetic field direction in the air gap corresponding to the iron core 1-7 is opposite to the magnetic field direction corresponding to the arc-shaped permanent magnet 1-6 in the air gap, and thus the iron core 1-7 can be regarded as an iron core pole, and the polarity thereof is opposite to the permanent magnet pole. It should be emphasized that the core poles in the rotor 1-2 do not have excitation capability per se (non-excitation). The inner side of the rotor 1-2 is provided with a first positioning groove 1-12 which is connected with the concentric shaft 3.
Next, the secondary power section 2 according to the present invention will be described as shown in fig. 1 and 6. As can be seen from the figure, the structure mainly consists of three parts: an outer rotor 2-1, a modulation ring 2-2, and an inner rotor 2-3.
The outer side of the outer rotor 2-1 is provided with a second-level power part dovetail type occluding structure 2-11, which can effectively connect the rotor aluminum shell 2-10 and the outer rotor 2-1, and the structure is stable and reliable. In addition, the rotor aluminum cases 2-10 are not magnetically conductive, so that the whole magnetic circuit is not affected. Permanent magnets are embedded in the inner side of the outer layer rotor 2-1, the polarities of the permanent magnets are kept consistent, and the permanent magnets are isolated through the outer layer iron core 2-4. Further, outer magnetic isolation slots 2-8 are formed on two sides of the outer permanent magnet 2-6, as shown in fig. 7. The structure has the advantages that the magnetic leakage phenomenon can be effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of the motor permanent magnet is higher. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a change rule of the torque output capacity of the outer rotor 2-1 with the width of the outer magnetic shield slot 2-8, and fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a change rule of the torque output capacity of the outer rotor 2-1 with the width of the inner magnetic shield slot 2-9. Overall, the overall torque output capacity of the secondary power portion 2 will tend to increase as the width of the magnetically isolated slot increases. However, the torque density thereof is slightly decreased after the width of the outer magnet separating slot 2-8 is more than 0.85 mm. Therefore, the magnetism isolating notch is obviously helpful for improving the electromagnetic performance of the motor. Further, the outer magnetic shield slots 2-8 have a stronger lifting effect on torque than the inner magnetic shield slots 2-9. It is worth mentioning that the torque density is relatively stronger when the inner and outer magnetically isolated slot widths are 0mm and 0.85mm, respectively. The average output torque of the structure is improved by 8.2% compared with that of the structure without the designed magnetism isolating slot opening. In summary, compared with the surface-mounted permanent magnet structure, the permanent magnet structure has the advantages of small permanent magnet dosage, low magnetic leakage, high rotor structure strength and high torque density, and can be applied to occasions with complex and changeable environments.
The modulation ring 2-2 is located between the outer rotor 2-1 and the inner rotor 2-3 to provide a path for magnetic flux generated by the inner and outer permanent magnets. It is emphasized that the modulation ring is a fixed structure.
The inner rotor 2-3 has a structure similar to that of the outer rotor 2-1, permanent magnets are embedded in the outer side of the inner rotor, and the polarities of the permanent magnets are the same, so that the permanent magnets belong to the same polarity and are separated through an inner iron core 2-5. The two sides of the permanent magnet in the inner rotor 2-3 are also provided with magnetism isolating slots, so that the magnetism leakage phenomenon in the inner rotor 2-3 can be effectively reduced. In addition, a second positioning groove 2-12 is arranged on the inner side of the part and is connected with the concentric shaft 3. It is worth emphasizing that the polarities of the outer permanent magnets 2-6 and the inner permanent magnets 2-7 in the secondary power part 2 are the same, so that all the permanent magnets in the part can be prevented from entering a weak magnetic state, and further the irreversible demagnetization phenomenon of the permanent magnets is effectively avoided.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structure of a concentric shaft 3 of the novel motor driving system according to the present invention is shown. This part is mainly responsible for the transfer between the primary power section 1 and the secondary power section 2. The shaft body is provided with a concentric shaft positioning protrusion 3-1 which can be meshed with the rotor 1-2 and the first positioning groove 1-12 and the second positioning groove 2-12 on the inner side of the inner rotor 2-3.
Summarizing, the multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on the composite excitation structure has the characteristics of multistage torque amplification and multistage reduction, and has the advantages that: with more different functional stimuli. Namely, permanent magnet excitation, direct current excitation and alternating current excitation can be mutually matched to work, and larger torque density can be obtained by using smaller permanent magnet consumption; the torque amplifying capability is stronger, and the total is three stages. The first stage is based on the 'big and small tooth structure' of the first-stage power part 1, the second stage is based on the direct current excitation part of the composite function winding 1-3, and the third stage is based on the second-stage power part 2. The three parts act together, so that the torque amplifying capability of the motor driving system is stronger; the self-deceleration capability is stronger, and the self-deceleration capability is two-stage. The first stage is based on the 'big and small tooth structure' of the first-stage power part 1, and the second stage is from the second-stage power part 2; the torque amplification self-reduction motor structure adopts the composite function winding 1-3, and has more functions and stronger coupling capability. In addition, as the winding adopts a drum winding structure, the wire embedding process is simpler, and the slot filling rate is higher; the secondary power part 2 adopts a unipolar (single N pole or single S pole) permanent magnet structure, which has less permanent magnet consumption and higher permanent magnet utilization rate than the traditional permanent magnet structure (N-S). In addition, the secondary power part 2 is also provided with an outer magnetism isolating notch 2-8 and an inner magnetism isolating notch 2-9, so that the magnetic leakage phenomenon can be effectively inhibited, and the torque density can be improved; aiming at the phenomenon that the outer wire of the drum winding is difficult to fix, a module assembly thought is provided, and the module assembly thought is mainly formed by combining stator aluminum shells 1-9 and fixing modules 1-10. The stator 1-1 is connected with the stator aluminum shell 1-9 through the primary power part dovetail occlusion structure 1-11 by the fixed modules 1-10, and a sufficient interval distance exists between the adjacent modules, so that a sufficient installation space can be reserved for the drum winding. The structure strength is enhanced, the installation difficulty is reduced, and the overall heat dissipation capacity of the system is improved.
The working principle of the motor with the novel structure is described as follows:
firstly, for the primary power part 1, the main structural characteristics are that the static magnetomotive force generated by direct current excitation and the rotary magnetomotive force generated by alternating current excitation in the composite function winding 1-3 are combined. For the "stationary" magnetomotive force generated on the stator side, the magnetic field generated in the air gap is expressed as:
（1），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,non-modulated harmonic magnetic field generated for stator side "stationary" magnetomotive force, +.>Modulated harmonic magnetic fields generated for the stator side "stationary" magnetomotive force. It is noted that the rotation speed of the non-modulated harmonic magnetic field generated by the stator side 'static' magnetomotive force is related to the position of the excitation source, thus belonging to the static state, and the pole pair number of the non-modulated harmonic magnetic field generated by the stator side 'static' magnetomotive force->. Modulated harmonic magnetic field pole pair number generated by stator side 'stationary' magnetomotive forceThe following will be satisfied:
（2），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the number of teeth of the stator>Represents the pole pair number of the rotor, < >>And->The harmonic component orders of the rotor flux and stator magnetomotive force, respectively. Further, it is known that the generated modulated harmonic magnetic field rotation speed of the stator side "stationary" magnetomotive force +.>The following will be satisfied:
（3），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,mechanical speed representing rotor rotation, < >>Representing time->Representing the initial position of the rotor. It is clear from the above equation that the magnetic field generated by the stator can be rotated if the harmonic components in the flux guide can be reasonably utilized. Subsequently, for the "rotating" magnetomotive force generated by the rotor side, it is generated in the air gapThe expression of the generated magnetic field is:
（4），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,non-modulated harmonic magnetic field generated for the rotor-side "spinning" magnetomotive force, +.>Modulated harmonic magnetic fields generated for the rotor side "spinning" magnetomotive force. It should be noted that both the above two parts belong to the rotating magnetic field. It is worth noting that the non-modulated harmonic magnetic field pole pair number generated by the rotor side "rotating" magnetomotive force +.>Non-modulated harmonic magnetic field speed generated by the "rotating" magnetomotive force on the rotor side>Further, the pole pair number of the modulated harmonic magnetic field generated by the rotor side 'rotating' magnetomotive force +.>The following will be satisfied:
（5），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,and->The harmonic component orders of the stator flux and the rotor magnetomotive force, respectively. Subsequently, it can be seen that the rotation speed of the modulated harmonic magnetic field generated by the "rotating" magnetomotive force on the rotor side +.>The following will be satisfied:
（6），
by comparing the formula (1), the formula (2), the formula (3), the formula (4), the formula (5) and the formula (6), it is known that the modulated harmonic parts in the two types of magnetic fields have rotating magnetic fields with the same direction and the same rotation speed. Further, to investigate whether it can produce an effective stable output. The electromagnetic torque is now givenMagnetic resonance->Is +.>Is a relational expression of:
（7），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is absolute permeability->Is circumferential position->Representing a unit volume.
Based on this equation, it is known that the respective excitations of the motor structure can interact with each other to generate a stable torque output.
Secondly, it is worth emphasizing that the compound current is injected into the compound function winding of the motor drive systemThe expression of this current is:
（8），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,the current value of the DC excitation part is a constant value, < >>The current value of the ac excitation portion is a variation value, and the expression of the value is:
（9），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the current amplitude of the ac excitation part, +.>Is the electrical frequency of the ac excitation portion.
Then, considering the reduction ratio, torque capacity and other factors of the motor, the stator tooth number of the novel motor structure provided by the invention is given by combining the aboveIs>The relational expression between them is:
（10），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,is a positive integer. The moment-increasing energy of the motor driving system can be known by combining the two-stage power partForce coefficient->The method comprises the following steps:
（11），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,a torque gain factor representing the DC excitation in the complex function winding 1-3,/for the power supply>、/>The pole pairs of the outer layer rotor and the inner layer rotor are respectively. Compared with the torque gain capacity of the traditional motor, the novel motor structure has stronger torque gain capacity and can be flexibly adjusted. Further, the reduction ratio of the novel motor drive system +.>The method comprises the following steps:
（12），
based on the above formula, the motor has stronger deceleration capability compared with the conventional motor, and can effectively relieve the working pressure of the frequency converter. In addition, in order to ensure that the motor secondary power part 2 can realize effective torque gain effect, the pole pair numbers of the inner rotor and the outer rotor of the motor secondary power part are required to be increased、/>The relationship between them satisfies:
（13），
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,representing the number of modulation blocks in the modulation loop. In the example given by the invention, it +.>29->25->4. Such a relational design can effectively suppress the influence of the magnetic field harmonic component and the asymmetric magnetic circuit on the output torque.
Finally, it should be emphasized that the novel motor structure proposed according to the present invention also has a certain number of derivative variant structures, as shown in fig. 10, based on the primary power portion structure of the multi-stage torque amplifying self-reduction motor derivative topology under the composite excitation structure, for example, the "outer stator inner rotor" structure of the primary power portion 1 of the present invention may be derived as an "inner stator outer rotor" structure. Therefore, the coaxial portion between the primary power portion 1 and the secondary power portion 2 is the outer rotor in the primary power portion 1 and the inner rotor in the secondary power portion 2. Thus, the secondary power portion 2 will be larger in radial dimension. Further, in order to achieve efficient power transmission, the concentric shaft 3 proposed in the present invention is also derived from a cylindrical structure into a cup-shaped sleeve structure, as shown in the structures in fig. 11 and 12, respectively showing the front and rear structures of the power engagement portion of the multistage torque-amplifying self-reduction motor-derived topology.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent changes or substitutions made on the basis of the above-mentioned technical solutions fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on the composite excitation structure is characterized by comprising a primary power part (1), a secondary power part (2) and a concentric shaft (3), wherein the primary power part (1) is used for converting electric energy into mechanical energy, the secondary power part (2) is used for transmitting the mechanical energy and finally outputting the mechanical energy, the concentric shaft (3) is arranged between the primary power part (1) and the secondary power part (2) and used for connecting the power of the primary power part and the secondary power part, and the primary power part (1) is sequentially provided with a rotor (1-2), a stator (1-1) and a stator aluminum shell (1-9) from inside to outside; the secondary power part (2) is sequentially provided with an inner rotor (2-3), a modulation ring (2-2), an outer rotor (2-1) and a rotor aluminum shell (2-10) from inside to outside, and the motor has the functions of regulating and controlling three-stage torque amplification and two-stage speed reduction;
the stator teeth in the stator (1-1) are divided into big teeth (1-4) and small teeth (1-5), the big teeth (1-4) are used for constructing paths for alternating current excitation in the composite functional winding (1-3), and the small teeth (1-5) are used for constructing paths for direct current excitation in the composite functional winding (1-3);
the stator (1-1) is provided with only one set of composite functional winding (1-3), the composite functional winding (1-3) is of a drum winding structure, one part of conductors of the winding are arranged in stator grooves, the other part of conductors are arranged outside the stator, the winding is wound on a yoke part of the stator (1-1) according to a phase sequence by taking big teeth (1-4) and small teeth (1-5) as intervals, excitation in the composite functional winding (1-3) is divided into two parts, namely a direct current excitation part and an alternating current excitation part, and the number of grooves of each phase of each pole of the composite functional winding (1-3) is larger than 1, so that high-order harmonic components of an air gap magnetic field can be effectively filtered.
2. The multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on the composite excitation structure according to claim 1, wherein a stator aluminum shell (1-9) is designed on the outer side of a stator (1-1), the stator aluminum shell is connected and fixed through a fixing module (1-10), a primary power part dovetail type meshing structure (1-11) is arranged in the fixing module (1-10), a spacing distance is arranged between adjacent fixing modules (1-10), and a space is reserved for a conductor of a composite functional winding (1-3) on the outer side of the stator.
3. The multi-stage torque amplification self-propelled composite excitation structure of claim 2The speed reducing motor is characterized in that the rotor (1-2) comprises embedded arc permanent magnets (1-6) and iron cores (1-7), the outer sides of the arc permanent magnets (1-6) are of arc structures, the inner sides of the arc permanent magnets are of linear structures, so that uneven permanent magnet excitation magnetomotive force is constructed, the fundamental component ratio is increased, rotor magnetism isolating slots (1-8) are arranged on two sides of the arc permanent magnets (1-6), the permanent magnets in the rotor (1-2) are of single polarity, a loop is formed through the iron cores (1-7), and the number N of the arc permanent magnets p Equal to the pole pair number p of the rotor r DC excited pole pair number p dc For the number of teeth N of the stator st One half of the pole pair number p of the AC excitation ac Then equal to p r And N st Difference of/2, p r Greater than N st /2。
4. The multistage torque amplifying self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure according to claim 1, wherein the rotor aluminum shell (2-10) is combined with the outer rotor (2-1) in a gap assembly mode through a secondary power part dovetail-shaped snap-in structure (2-11); the outer rotor (2-1) and the inner rotor (2-3) are both of embedded permanent magnet structures, a non-rotatable modulation ring (2-2) is arranged in the middle of each of the outer rotor and the inner rotor, and the modulation rings (2-2) are fixed by laser welding after being laminated by silicon steel sheets.
5. The multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on a composite excitation structure according to claim 4, wherein an outer layer iron core (2-4) is arranged between adjacent outer layer permanent magnets (2-6), an inner layer iron core (2-5) is arranged between adjacent inner layer permanent magnets (2-7), all outer layer permanent magnets (2-6) and inner layer permanent magnets (2-7) are of the same polarity, outer magnetism isolating slots (2-8) are formed in two sides of the outer layer permanent magnets (2-6), inner magnetism isolating slots (2-9) are formed in two sides of the inner layer permanent magnets (2-7), and inter-pole magnetic leakage can be restrained, and torque density is improved.
6. The multi-stage torque amplifying self-reducing motor based on a composite excitation structure according to claim 5, wherein the outer rotor (2-1) has a pole pair number p o The number N of the permanent magnets is equal to that of the outer permanent magnets (2-6) o The pole pair number p of the inner rotor (2-3) i The number N of the permanent magnets is equal to that of the inner permanent magnets (2-7) i The number N of the permanent magnets of the outer layer permanent magnets (2-6) o The number N of the permanent magnets of the inner layer permanent magnets (2-7) i And the number of modulation blocks N in the modulation loop (2-2) m The relation of (2) needs to satisfy: n (N) o +N i ＝N m 。
7. The multistage torque amplification self-reduction motor based on the composite excitation structure according to claim 1, wherein the rotor (1-2) of the primary power part (1) and the inner rotor (2-3) of the secondary power part (2) are connected through a concentric shaft (3), and concentric shaft positioning protrusions (3-1) are arranged on the concentric shaft (3) and can be meshed with a first positioning groove (1-12) in the rotor (1-2) and a second positioning groove (2-12) in the inner rotor (2-3).
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