CN116424543A - Heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure - Google Patents
Heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/38—Constructions adapted to reduce effects of aerodynamic or other external heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
- B64G1/58—Thermal protection, e.g. heat shields
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure, wherein: the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure is mechanically connected with the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure, and a working medium storage structure unit is embedded in the cavity of the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure; under the pneumatic heating condition, the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure uniformly conveys the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface, the working medium storage structure unit conveys the heat of the inner wall surface of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure to the inside through a high heat conduction medium so as to promote the evaporation phase change of the liquid working medium stored in the inside, and the working medium gas is ejected to the boundary layer of the heat-proof structure through the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure; when the pneumatic heating effect is weakened, the heat transfer quantity of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure is insufficient to trigger the phase change of the stored liquid working medium, and the injection effect of the working medium gas in the active cooling sweating porous structure is stopped; the circulation function realizes self-adaptive heat prevention of porous sweating at the residence point and heat conduction of the heat-proof structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace engineering pneumatic heat protection systems, and provides a heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure.
Background
When the aerospace high-speed aircraft flies in the earth atmosphere, the gas temperature rises sharply due to the intense impact and friction action of the high-speed solid wall surface and atmospheric gas molecules, and gas heat is continuously transmitted to the surface of the aircraft to generate pneumatic heating action. In order to prevent the high temperature caused by pneumatic heating from damaging the structural safety of the aircraft, special materials or structures are usually designed on the surface of the aircraft to control the influence of surface heat transfer so as to ensure the safety of the internal structure of the aircraft, which is also called a spacecraft thermal protection system. Spacecraft thermal protection systems are typically thermally protected by employing an active cooling thermal protection structure that sweats and a heat pipe-led thermal protection structure.
The active cooling heat protection structure for sweating ejects working medium stored in the aircraft in a heated area through a porous structure under the action of pressure by an active supply system, so that the temperature of the heat protection structure is reduced, a boundary layer thermal choking effect is formed, pneumatic heating is reduced, the cooling efficiency of the heat protection mode is high, the working medium supply system is required in actual use, the system compensation is large, the system is complex, the working medium supply control is difficult, and the application is limited.
The heat pipe dredging type heat protection structure is based on the heat pipe action principle, and the heat protection component is integrally formed into an integrated vacuum closed cavity structure with the capillary core structure, working medium and reinforcing structure embedded inside. Under the pneumatic heating action, the condensed state working medium in the heat-proof structure is subjected to phase change, the steam structure circulates in the closed cavity, the working medium is liquefied and condensed in a low-temperature area, and the liquid working medium is conveyed to a high-temperature area under the combined action of the capillary core structure and the steam pressure, so that the working medium is subjected to phase change after being heated again; the working medium realizes the rapid transportation of heat in the heat-proof structure by means of the cyclic process of 'gaseous phase change-gaseous steam movement-liquefaction condensation-capillary transportation-gaseous phase change' of the capillary core structure in the closed cavity. The heat protection structure is compact, no extra working medium supply system is provided, and heat self-adaptive balance can be realized in a certain pneumatic heating environment. But is limited by physical limits such as the use temperature of the heat-proof structure shell and the transportation of working media in the cavity, and the pneumatic heating heat flow density adaptability of the heat-proof mode is weak.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the self-adaptive heat-proof structure overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a self-adaptive heat-proof structure with heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating and cooling, so as to realize porous sweating at a residence point and self-adaptive heat-proof of heat dredging of the heat-proof structure.
The solution of the invention is as follows: a heat pipe coupling active cooling self-adaptive dredging type heat-proof structure comprises an active cooling sweat-generating porous structure, a heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure and a working medium storage structure unit; the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure is mechanically connected with the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure, and a working medium storage structure unit is embedded in the cavity of the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure;
under the pneumatic heating condition, the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure uniformly conveys the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface, the working medium storage structure unit rapidly transmits the heat of the inner wall surface of the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure to the inside through a high heat-conducting medium, the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure further serves as a heat source to promote the evaporation phase change of the liquid working medium stored in the inside, and the working medium gas is ejected to the boundary layer of the heat-preventing structure through a porous structure in the active cooling and sweat-producing porous structure, so that the heat-preventing process of an active sweat-producing and cooling mechanism mode is realized; when the pneumatic heating effect is weakened, the heat transfer quantity of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure is insufficient to trigger the phase change of the stored liquid working medium, and the injection effect of the working medium gas in the active cooling sweating porous structure is stopped; the circulation function realizes self-adaptive heat prevention of porous sweating at the residence point and heat conduction of the heat-proof structure.
Preferably, the active cooling sweat porous structure has a maximum pore size of not more than 0.2mm and a porosity of not less than 30%.
Preferably, the forming process of the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure comprises the following steps: porous body sintering, screen lamination of different mesh numbers, fine structure additive manufacturing, template CVD or PVD deposition.
Preferably, the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure comprises a packaging end cap, a working medium flow passage, a vacuum cavity, a capillary core structure and an outer shell;
the outer shell is of a double-layer hollow structure, the packaging end cap is in closed connection with the outer shell, the double-layer hollow structure is packaged into a vacuum cavity, working media are filled in the vacuum cavity, working media flow channels are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the vacuum cavity, the working media are promoted to flow back to the working media evaporation phase change area from the working media condensation area, and the capillary core structure is used for condensation, adsorption and backflow of working media steam;
the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure starts to start after the outer wall surface is subjected to pneumatic heating, working medium evaporation phase change, steam flow and steam condensation occur in different areas in the vacuum cavity, gaseous working medium is condensed in the capillary core structure in the working medium condensation area, condensed working medium is transported from the working medium condensation area to the working medium evaporation phase change area through the working medium flow passage under the combined action of capillary force and gas pressure, the evaporated phase change is changed into gaseous working medium after the gaseous working medium is transported to the working medium evaporation phase change area, and the gaseous working medium is circulated in this way, so that the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface is evenly transported to the inner wall surface.
Preferably, the section of the working medium flow passage is round, rectangular, D-shaped or omega-shaped.
Preferably, the maximum geometric dimension of the working medium flow channel is smaller than 0.5mm.
Preferably, the maximum void size of the wick structure is no greater than 0.2mm and the porosity is no less than 30%.
Preferably, the material of the outer shell is: copper-based alloys, iron-based alloys, nickel-based superalloys, niobium-based superalloys, molybdenum-based superalloys, tantalum-based superalloys, tungsten-based superalloys, C/C composites, C/SiC composites, siC/SiC composites, or ultra-high temperature ceramic composites.
Preferably, the working medium storage unit structure comprises a second packaging end cap, an outer structure shell and a heat conducting medium;
the inside of the outer structure shell is of a cavity structure, and the cavity structure is used as a working medium storage area for storing working medium for sweating and cooling;
the second packaging end cap is packaged with the outer structure shell at normal temperature, so that the working medium storage area is a closed area; self-destruction under the action of high temperature provides an outlet for the working medium storage area, and the outlet is communicated with the active cooling sweating porous structure, so that the working medium overflows from the outlet, and the working medium can sweat and dissipate heat through the active cooling sweating porous structure.
And the heat conducting medium is filled in the working medium storage area and used for increasing the heating area of the working medium and rapidly guiding the working medium out to an outlet of the working medium storage area.
Preferably, the heat conducting medium is a fiber cluster formed by directional array arrangement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with the typical active sweating cooling technology, the heat-proof structure of the invention removes a complex working medium supply system, has lower system compensation, can realize the sweating cooling performance of heat self-adaption, avoids a complex control process, and has higher reliability and engineering application feasibility; compared with a typical dredging heat-proof structure, the device has higher pneumatic heating heat flux density adaptability, can cope with the extreme heat environment of pneumatic heating with higher heat flux density, and can be applied to the areas with extremely high peak pneumatic heating heat flux density and extremely uneven heat flux distribution, such as nose cone and front edge of an aircraft, front edge of an engine air inlet channel, overflow port, oil injection support plate and the like.
(2) The main principle of the invention is that a porous structure is adopted in a resident point area to realize active sweating and cooling, a heat pipe type heat-conducting protection structure is adopted in a large area, and meanwhile, a high heat-conducting working medium and a liquid working medium storage unit are embedded in a cavity of the heat-conducting protection structure; under the pneumatic heating action of incoming flow, the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure promotes the stored liquid working medium to generate phase change through the high heat-conducting structure, and is ejected to a boundary layer through the standing point porous structure, so that the pneumatic heating action is further reduced. When the heating of the incoming flow pneumatic heating effect is weakened, the heat transfer of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure is insufficient to trigger the phase change of the stored liquid working medium, and the ejection effect of the working medium gas in the porous area of the stagnation point is stopped. The circulation function can realize self-adaptive heat prevention of porous sweating at the residence point and heat conduction of the heat pipe type heat prevention structure.
(3) The fiber bundle has the designable directional high heat-conducting property according to fiber arrangement, so that the requirement of rapid heat transmission is met; and meanwhile, the fiber clusters have non-uniform distribution density, so that non-uniform porosity distribution is formed, higher porosity is realized at the center position, larger working medium storage capacity is realized, lower porosity is realized at the position far away from the center, and higher capillary driving force and more effective working medium flow control are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe type heat-conducting coupled sweating active cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a heat pipe type dredging coupling sweating device according to an embodiment of the present invention an active cooling self-adaptive dredging type heat-proof section structure schematic diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat pipe type heat-shielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high-porosity high-thermal conductivity working medium storage unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
The invention provides a heat pipe coupling active cooling self-adaptive dredging type heat-proof structure. Taking the appearance of a nose cone heat-proof structure common to aerospace craft as an example, the appearance of the packaged heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure is composed of two parts, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the end cap is an active cooling sweating porous structure 1 and a large-area dredging heat-proof structure 2. The active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1 and the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 can be mechanically connected through threads, flanges and the like, and can also be connected through welding.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure, which consists of three independent structural units, namely an active cooling sweating porous structure 1, a heat pipe dredging heat-proof structure 2 and a working medium storage structural unit 3. The active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1 is mechanically connected with the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure 2, and a working medium storage structure unit 3 is embedded in the cavity of the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure 2; under the pneumatic heating condition, the working medium storage structure unit 3 is communicated with the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1. The connection between the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 and the high-porosity high-heat-conductivity working medium storage structure unit 3 needs to reduce contact thermal resistance as much as possible, and the connection can be realized through high-precision mechanical connection, brazing connection of a contact surface filled with brazing filler metal or other connection modes capable of reducing thermal resistance.
Under the condition of pneumatic heating, the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure 2 in a region with a relatively mild heat flux density uniformly conveys the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface, the working medium storage structure unit 3 rapidly transfers the heat of the inner wall surface of the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure 2 to the inside through a high heat-conducting medium, the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure further serves as a heat source to promote the evaporation phase change of the liquid working medium stored in the inside, and working medium gas is ejected to the boundary layer of the heat-preventing structure through a porous structure in the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1 and dissipates heat in an active sweat-releasing cooling mode; when the pneumatic heating effect is weakened, the heat transfer of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 is insufficient to trigger the phase change of the stored liquid working medium, and the injection effect of the working medium gas in the active cooling sweating porous structure 1 is stopped; the circulation function can realize self-adaptive heat prevention of porous sweating at the residence point and heat conduction of the heat pipe type heat prevention structure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an active cooling nose cone structure, wherein the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1 mainly functions to provide a sweat-releasing cooling porous channel, and a material with high temperature resistance is selected from the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1 material which can be copper-based alloy, iron-based alloy, nickel-based superalloy, niobium-based superalloy, molybdenum-based superalloy, tantalum-based superalloy, tungsten-based superalloy, C/C composite material, C/SiC composite material, siC/SiC composite material, ultra-high temperature ceramic composite material (UHTCs); the pore structure can be ordered or not, the maximum pore size is generally not more than 0.2mm, the porosity is not less than 30%, and the forming process can be porous body sintering, screen lamination with different mesh numbers, microstructure additive manufacturing, template method CVD or PVD deposition and the like.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a detailed construction of a heat pipe type heat-dissipating structure 2, wherein the heat pipe type heat-dissipating structure 2 comprises a packaging end cap 2-1, a working medium runner 2-2, a vacuum cavity 2-3, a capillary core structure 2-4 and an outer shell 2-5;
the outer shell 2-5 is of a double-layer hollow structure, the packaging end cap 2-1 is of a heat pipe packaging structure and is in sealing connection with the outer shell 2-5, the double-layer hollow structure is packaged into a vacuum cavity 2-3, working media are filled in the vacuum cavity 2-3, the working media flow channels 2-2 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the vacuum cavity 2-3, the working media are promoted to flow back to the working media evaporation phase change area from the working media condensation area, and the capillary core structure 2-4 is used for working media steam condensation, absorption and backflow.
After the outer wall surface of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 is subjected to pneumatic heating, starting, performing working medium evaporation phase change, steam flow and steam condensation on different areas in the vacuum cavity 2-3, condensing gaseous working medium in the capillary core structure 2-4 in the working medium condensation area, conveying the condensed working medium from the working medium condensation area to the working medium evaporation phase change area through the working medium flow channel 2-2 under the combined action of capillary force and gas pressure, evaporating the phase change into gaseous working medium after conveying to the working medium evaporation phase change area, and circularly reciprocating in this way, so that the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface is uniformly conveyed to the inner wall surface.
Preferably, in a high vacuum environment (vacuum levels better than 10 are generally required -4 Pa), filling proper working medium in the vacuum cavity 2-3 in the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure, and then welding or plastically deforming the jaw for packaging, wherein the packaging end cap 2-1 and the outer shell 2-5 are made of the same material.
Preferably, the main considerations of the working medium flow channel 2-2 are to improve the adsorption capillary force of the working medium and reduce the flow resistance of the working medium flowing back to the heating section, and the section of the working medium flow channel is round, rectangular, D-shaped or omega-shaped.
In order to ensure better capillary force, the maximum geometric dimension of the channel 2-2 of the working medium flow channel is smaller than 0.5mm.
Working media are filled in the vacuum cavity 2-3 in the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure, the temperature can be properly selected according to the service temperature of the dredging heat-proof structure, and the temperature can be selected from high to low, such as heat conducting mu, molten salt, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, base metal, heavy metal, noble metal, rare metal and the like;
preferably, the capillary core structure 2-4 is a special porous capillary structure for improving the condensation, adsorption and reflux design of working medium steam, and the materials can be: copper-based alloys, iron-based alloys, nickel-based superalloys, niobium-based superalloys, molybdenum-based superalloys, niobium-based superalloys, C/C composites, C/SiC composites, siC/SiC composites, or ultra-high temperature ceramic composites.
Preferably, the maximum void size of the wick structure 2-4 is not greater than 0.2mm and the porosity is not less than 30%.
Preferably, the molding process of the capillary wick structure 2-4 is porous body sintering, different mesh wire mesh lamination, fine structure additive manufacturing, die CVD or PVD deposition.
Preferably, the materials of the outer shell 2-5 are: copper-based alloys, iron-based alloys, nickel-based superalloys, niobium-based superalloys, molybdenum-based superalloys, tantalum-based superalloys, tungsten-based superalloys, C/C composites, C/SiC composites, siC/SiC composites, or ultra-high temperature ceramic composites.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the detailed construction of a high porosity high thermal conductivity working fluid storage unit structure 3, the working fluid storage unit structure 3 comprising a second encapsulation end cap 3-1, an outer structural shell 3-2, and a thermal conductive medium 3-2;
the inside of the outer structure shell 3-2 is of a cavity structure and is used as a working medium storage area 3-4 for storing working medium for sweating and cooling;
the second packaging end cap 3-1 is packaged with the outer structure shell 3-2 at normal temperature, so that the working medium storage area 3-4 is a closed area; self-destruction under the action of high temperature provides an outlet for the working medium storage area 3-4, the outlet is communicated with the active cooling sweating porous structure 1, the working medium is convenient to overflow from the outlet, and the working medium can sweat and dissipate heat through the active cooling sweating porous structure 1.
And the heat conducting medium 3-3 is filled in the working medium storage area 3-4 and is used for increasing the heating area of the working medium and rapidly guiding the working medium out to an outlet of the working medium storage area 3-4.
The sealing end cap 3-1 is preferably made of a material which can be sealed and sealed at normal temperature and is easy to generate self-destruction at high temperature, so that working medium under the action of high temperature can be ensured to quickly overflow from a sealing structure, and common materials which can be selected include various thermoplastic polymer plastics with low melting points or flow points, such as PE, PA, PP, PVC and the like. The outer structural shell 3-2 can be made of metal, nonmetal or other composite materials with higher heat conductivity coefficient, such as aluminum, copper, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, high-heat-conductivity graphene composite material, high-heat-conductivity carbon fiber composite material and the like. The high heat-conducting medium 3-3 is a material with high specific surface area and high heat conductivity, which is selected for increasing the heated area of working medium and not excessively occupying the effective volume in the cavity, and is generally prepared by directional array arrangement of fibers with high heat-conducting performance, as shown in fig. 5. Alternative common materials are high thermal conductivity carbon fiber, fine aluminum wire, fine copper wire, graphene composite high thermal conductivity fiber yarn and the like. The fiber clusters have designable directional high heat-conducting performance according to fiber arrangement, so that the requirement of rapid heat transmission is met; and meanwhile, the fiber clusters have non-uniform distribution density, so that non-uniform porosity distribution is formed, higher porosity is realized at the center position, larger working medium storage capacity is realized, lower porosity is realized at the position far away from the center, and higher capillary driving force and more effective working medium flow control are realized. The working medium storage areas 3-4 are used for storing working mediums for sweating and cooling, and common working mediums comprise water, ethanol, acetone, glycol, glycerol and the like.
The working process of the heat pipe type dredging coupling sweating active cooling self-adaptive dredging type heat-proof structure is as follows, under the pneumatic heating condition, the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 in a region with a relatively mild heat flow density promotes the stored liquid working medium to change phase through a high-conductivity medium in the high-porosity high-heat-conductivity working medium storage structure unit 3, and working medium gas is ejected to a boundary layer through a porous structure in the active cooling sweating porous structure 1, so that the active cooling sweating porous structure 1 is directly reduced, and the pneumatic heating effect of the region with the most serious pneumatic heating environment is further reduced. When the heating of the incoming flow pneumatic heating effect is weakened, the heat transfer of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 is insufficient to trigger the phase change of the stored liquid working medium, and the injection effect of the working medium gas in the active cooling sweat-generating porous structure 1 is stopped. The circulation function can realize self-adaptive heat prevention of porous sweating at the residence point and heat conduction of the heat pipe type heat prevention structure.
The heat pipe type dredging coupling sweating active cooling self-adaptive dredging type heat-proof structure realizes that pneumatic heating heat is used as an active cooling working medium driving heat source, so that the pneumatic heating tolerance capacity of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure is improved, the working medium supply system required by the sweating cooling active heat-proof structure is overcome, and the overall operation efficiency and reliability of the heat protection system are improved.
Examples:
in the embodiment, taking the shape of a nose cone heat-proof structure with a half cone angle of 7 degrees and a height of 100mm as an example, a heat pipe type dredging coupling sweating active cooling self-adaptive dredging heat-proof structure is designed and prepared.
The active cooling sweating porous structure 1 is made of nickel-based superalloy, the brand is GH4169, the SLM laser printing is selected for forming, the lattice structure unit cell is Simple Cube (SC) +body-centered structure (BCC), the lattice constant is 0.7mm, the diameter of the lattice connecting rod is 0.2mm, the nominal pore size is 0.25mm, and the nominal porosity is 43%.
The heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure packaging end cap 2-1 is made of nickel-based superalloy with the brand GH4169.
The heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure outer shell 2-5 is made of nickel-based superalloy with the brand GH4169.,
the working medium flow passage 2-2 in the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure adopts an omega-shaped channel design, wherein the diameter of the omega-shaped flow passage is 0.4mm, and the height of the column section is 0.2mm.
The vacuum cavity 2-3 in the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure is filled with working medium to select NaK alloy, and the mass ratio of the alloy is 0.5:0.5; and the working medium is filled in a vacuum environment, and the vacuum degree is controlled to be better than 10 < -4 > Pa during filling.
The capillary core structure 2-4 in the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure is selected as nickel-based superalloy with the brand GH4169, spherical powder sintered capillary core is adopted, the nominal pore size is 0.15mm, and the nominal porosity is 52%.
The end cap 3-1 is encapsulated in the high-porosity high-heat-conductivity working medium storage unit structure 3 by adopting PP plastic and is encapsulated by adopting high Wen Ronghan; the outer structure shell 3-2 can be made of red copper material with the wall thickness of 0.5mm; the high heat conduction medium 3-3 is arranged by pure copper wires with the diameter of 0.1mm in an array manner, and the total volume ratio of the copper wires in the working medium storage area 3-4 is 50%; and the working medium storage area 3-4 is filled with deionized water working medium.
Fig. 4 is a detailed schematic diagram of the high porosity high thermal conductivity working medium storage unit structure 3, which is composed of a package end cap 3-1, an outer structure housing 3-2, a high thermal conductivity medium 3-2, and a working medium storage area 3-4.
The active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure 1 and the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 are connected through electron beam welding; the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 and the high-porosity high-heat-conductivity working medium storage structure unit 3 are coated with tin-based brazing filler metal on the connecting conical surface, the brand is HL600, brazing is carried out at 190 ℃, and the thickness of the welding filler is not more than 0.2mm.
The packaged heat pipe type dredging coupling sweating active cooling self-adaptive dredging type heat-proof structure is under the wind tunnel test state (800 kW/m) 2 Heat flow density), the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure 2 works smoothly, the high-porosity high-heat-conductivity working medium storage structure unit 3 works normally at 800kW/m 2 After the heat flux is pneumatically heated for 30s, the working medium is smoothly discharged, the temperature of the active cooling sweating porous structure 1 is reduced to 600 ℃, the whole system continuously works for 300s, and the structure is complete and free from damage.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The self-adaptive heat-proof structure is characterized by comprising an active cooling sweat-generating porous structure (1), a heat pipe type heat-proof structure (2) and a working medium storage structure unit (3); the active cooling sweat-generating porous structure (1) is mechanically connected with the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure (2), and a working medium storage structure unit (3) is embedded in the cavity of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure (2);
under the pneumatic heating condition, the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure (2) uniformly conveys the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface, the working medium storage structure unit (3) rapidly conveys the heat of the inner wall surface of the heat pipe type heat-conducting and heat-preventing structure (2) to the inside through a high heat-conducting medium, the heat pipe type heat-conducting structure further serves as a heat source to promote the evaporation phase change of the liquid working medium stored in the inside, and working medium gas is ejected to the boundary layer of the heat-preventing structure through a porous structure in the active cooling sweat-releasing porous structure (1) so as to realize the heat-preventing process of an active sweat-releasing cooling mechanism mode; when the pneumatic heating effect is weakened, the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure (2) is insufficient in heat transfer to trigger the phase change of the stored liquid working medium, and the injection effect of the working medium gas in the active cooling sweating porous structure (1) is stopped; the circulation function realizes self-adaptive heat prevention of porous sweating at the residence point and heat conduction of the heat-proof structure.
2. The heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to claim 1, wherein the maximum pore size in the active cooling sweat-proof porous structure (1) is not more than 0.2mm, and the porosity is not less than 30%.
3. The self-adaptive heat-proof structure with heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling according to claim 1, wherein the forming process of the active cooling sweat-generating porous structure (1) is as follows: porous body sintering, screen lamination of different mesh numbers, fine structure additive manufacturing, template CVD or PVD deposition.
4. The heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe dredging heat-proof structure (2) comprises a packaging end cap (2-1), a working medium runner (2-2), a vacuum cavity (2-3), a capillary core structure (2-4) and an outer shell (2-5);
the outer shell (2-5) is of a double-layer hollow structure, the packaging end cap (2-1) is in closed connection with the outer shell (2-5), the double-layer hollow structure is packaged into a vacuum cavity (2-3), working media are filled in the vacuum cavity (2-3), the working media flow channels (2-2) are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the vacuum cavity (2-3), the working media are promoted to flow back to the working media evaporation phase change area from the working media condensation area, and the capillary core structure (2-4) is used for condensing, adsorbing and flowing back working media steam;
after the outer wall surface of the heat pipe type dredging heat-proof structure (2) is subjected to pneumatic heating, starting, performing working medium evaporation phase change, steam flow and steam condensation on different areas in the vacuum cavity (2-3), condensing gaseous working medium in the capillary core structure (2-4) in the working medium condensation area, conveying the condensed working medium from the working medium condensation area to the working medium evaporation phase change area through the working medium flow channel (2-2) under the combined action of capillary force and gas pressure, evaporating the phase change into gaseous working medium after conveying to the working medium evaporation phase change area, and circularly reciprocating to uniformly convey the pneumatic heating heat of the outer wall surface to the inner wall surface.
5. The heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to claim 4, wherein the section of the working medium flow passage (2-2) is round, rectangular, D-shaped or omega-shaped.
6. The heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to claim 4, wherein the maximum geometric dimension of the working medium runner (2-2) channel is smaller than 0.5mm.
7. A heat pipe-dredged coupling active sweat cooling self-adaptive heat protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the maximum void size of the capillary wick structure (2-4) is not more than 0.2mm and the porosity is not less than 30%.
8. A heat pipe-dredged coupling active sweat cooling self-adaptive heat protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the material of the outer shell (2-5) is: copper-based alloys, iron-based alloys, nickel-based superalloys, niobium-based superalloys, molybdenum-based superalloys, tantalum-based superalloys, tungsten-based superalloys, C/C composites, C/SiC composites, siC/SiC composites, or ultra-high temperature ceramic composites.
9. The heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to claim 1, wherein the working medium storage unit structure (3) comprises a second packaging end cap (3-1), an outer structure shell (3-2) and a heat conducting medium (3-2);
the inside of the outer structure shell (3-2) is of a cavity structure and is used as a working medium storage area (3-4) for storing working medium for sweating and cooling;
the second packaging end cap (3-1) is packaged with the outer structure shell (3-2) at normal temperature, so that the working medium storage area (3-4) is a closed area; self-destruction under the action of high temperature provides an outlet for the working medium storage area (3-4), the outlet is communicated with the active cooling sweating porous structure (1), the working medium is convenient to overflow from the outlet, and the working medium can sweat and dissipate heat through the active cooling sweating porous structure (1).
The heat conducting medium (3-3) is filled in the working medium storage area (3-4) and is used for increasing the heating area of the working medium and rapidly guiding the working medium out to an outlet of the working medium storage area (3-4).
10. The heat pipe dredging coupling active sweating cooling self-adaptive heat-proof structure according to claim 9, wherein the heat conducting medium (3-3) is a fiber bundle formed by directional array arrangement.
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| CN117326046A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-02 | 北京交通大学 | Hypersonic aircraft surface can thermal protection system of dimension shape |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117326046A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-02 | 北京交通大学 | Hypersonic aircraft surface can thermal protection system of dimension shape |
| CN117326046B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-05-10 | 北京交通大学 | Hypersonic aircraft surface can thermal protection system of dimension shape |
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