CN116410142A - 烯基酮酸酯化合物的不对称氢化反应 - Google Patents
烯基酮酸酯化合物的不对称氢化反应 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
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- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机化学技术领域,具体为烯基酮酸酯化合物的不对称氢化反应,该技术方案如下:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及配体化学技术领域,具体涉及烯基酮酸酯化合物的不对称氢化反应。
背景技术
关于烯基酮酸酯化合物的不对称氢化反应,2012年期刊文献(Chem.Commun.,2012,48,5352-5354.)报道了一例卤代烯基β-酮酸酯的不对称氢化反应,反应催化剂用量较大(S/C=200),且烯基上必须有卤原子取代,后续需进行脱卤处理。文献指出,反应通过卤原子的取代使得二取代烯烃变为三取代烯烃,从而抑制烯烃被还原的可能。
2021年,期刊文献(Nat.Chem.2021,13,692-697.)报道了一例烯基β-酮酰胺不对称氢化的例子,反应催化剂用量相对较大(S/C=1000),收率及对映选择性相对不高(70%,94%ee)。
鉴于烯基酮酸酯化合物地不对称氢化反应现有技术中尚面临技术难点。如烯基酮酸酯化合物中烯基的氢化是相对较为容易的,反应需在不还原烯基的情况下,同时实现酮的不对称氢化。如何克服现有技术中面临的技术难点,达到精准控制反应的区域选择性与立体选择性,克服烯基的干扰,实现烯基酮酸酯化合物中羰基的还原,是本发明技术中需要达到的技术目的。
发明内容
本发明的手性催化剂成功实现了烯基酮酸酯化合物中羰基的还原,达到了精准控制反应的区域选择性与立体选择性的技术目的。
本发明首先提供了一种式A化合物,结构式如下:
上述式A化合物作为反应底物,可以在手性催化剂的作用下经不对称催化氢化反应制备式B化合物,反应方程式为:
其中,所述手性催化剂为手性螺环吡啶胺基膦铱络合物。
手性螺环吡啶胺基膦配体在中国专利ZL201010550836.0中公开,在专利中公开的结构通式如下:
在该专利中较优选地具体结构式如下:
本发明中使用的手性催化剂为手性螺环吡啶胺基膦铱络合物,选自于上述中国专利ZL201010550836.0中的上述手性配体与铱络合物。
最优选地,本发明中使用如下结构的手性催化剂(R)-3p:
本发明不对称催化氢化反应在碱存在的条件下进行。所述碱为有机碱或无机碱。较优选地,所述碱为三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉、DBU、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、叔丁醇钠或叔丁醇钾。所述碱与底物式A化合物的摩尔用量比为0.005~0.02。
本发明不对称催化氢化反应在溶剂存在的条件下进行。所述溶剂选自甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇,四氢呋喃,甲苯,甲基叔丁基醚,二氧六环,DMF、二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯的单一溶剂或混合溶剂。
本发明在氮气保护下,氢气压力为10~30个大气压,碱的用量为0.005~0.02摩尔当量,在有机溶剂中,式A化合物在0.00001~0.01摩尔当量的手性螺环吡啶胺基膦铱络合物催化下得到式B化合物。
上述制备得到的式B化合物进一步经下述反应制备瑞舒伐他汀钙,包括如下反应步骤:
式B化合物与乙酸叔丁酯反应,后经还原反应后进一步经成盐反应制备瑞舒伐他汀钙。
本发明整条制备瑞舒伐他汀钙的路线具备如下技术优势:
1.通过不对称氢化反应合成瑞舒伐他汀手性醇中间体,反应催化剂用量少(S/C=6000),收率及对映选择性高(97%,98%ee),适合工业化放大生产。
2.将使用昂贵的手性试剂或手性催化剂的合成步骤后移,利于产品的成本控制。
3.原子经济性高,原料廉价易得,反应条件相对温和,无毒性较大的原料,易于实现工业化安全、稳定持续生产。
附图说明
图1是式A化合物的氢核磁谱图;
图2是式A化合物的碳核磁谱图;
图3是式A化合物的氟核磁谱图;
图4是式B化合物的氢核磁谱图;
图5是式B化合物的碳核磁谱图;
图6是式B化合物的氟核磁谱图;
图7是式C化合物的氢核磁谱图;
图8是式C化合物的碳核磁谱图;
图9是式C化合物的氟核磁谱图;
图10是式D化合物的氢核磁谱图;
图11是式D化合物的碳核磁谱图;
图12是式D化合物的氟核磁谱图;
图13是式E化合物的氢核磁谱图;
图14是式E化合物的碳核磁谱图;
图15是式E化合物的氟核磁谱图;
图16是实施例9中制备得到的消旋式B化合物HPLC谱图;
图17是实施例9中制备得到的旋光式B化合物HPLC谱图;
图18是实施例11中制备得到的消旋式D化合物HPLC谱图;
图19是实施例11中制备得到的旋光式D化合物HPLC谱图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的内容,下面结合具体实施例来做进一步的说明,但具体的实施方式并不是对本发明的内容所做的限制。
实施例1:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(0.46g,1.0mmol)至20mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(0.5mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(2.2mg,0.02mmol)的乙醇(1.5mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应12小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度94.2%,产物ee值为98%。
实施例2:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(0.93g,2.0mmol)至20mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(1mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(4.5mg,0.04mmol)的乙醇(3mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应16小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度95.1%,产物ee值为98%。
实施例3:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(1.85g,4.0mmol)至20mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(2mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(9.0mg,0.08mmol)的乙醇(6mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应36小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度95.6%,产物ee值为98%。
实施例4:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(3.71g,8.0mmol)至50mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(4mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(18.0mg,0.16mmol)的乙醇(12mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应72小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度92.0%,产物ee值为98%。
实施例5:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(3.71g,8.0mmol)至50mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(4mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(4.5mg,0.04mmol)的乙醇/二氯甲烷(4mL mL/8mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应72小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度86.4%,产物ee值为99%。
实施例6:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(3.71g,8.0mmol)至50mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(4mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(4.5mg,0.04mmol)的乙醇/乙酸乙酯(4mL mL/8mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应72小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度72.1%,产物ee值为99%。
实施例7:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(3.71g,8.0mmol)至50mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(2.1mg,0.002mmol)的乙醇(2mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(4.5mg,0.04mmol)的乙醇/二氯甲烷(2mL mL/4mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应72小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度64.7%,产物ee值为98%。
实施例8:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(15.0g,32.4mmol)至500mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(8.2mg,0.0081mmol)的乙醇(5.0mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(18.2mg,0.16mmol)的乙醇(60.0mL mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应40小时),泄压开釜,取样测得B HPLC纯度96.3%,产物ee值为98%。
实施例9:
在氮气氛围下称取化合物A(15.0g,32.4mmol)至500mL氢化釜内,随后依次加入铱催化剂(R)-3p(5.5mg,0.0054mmol)的乙醇(5.0mL)溶液及叔丁醇钾(18.2mg,0.16mmol)的乙醇(60.0mL)溶液。加毕,封釜并加压充氢气至5atm,随后泄压。重复该过程3次后,釜内充氢气至2.5MPa,于室温(25-30℃)下搅拌反应。反应至釜内压力不再下降(反应72小时),泄压开釜,反应液经短硅胶柱过滤,得到的滤液减压浓缩,残留物经柱层析分离后(石油醚:乙酸乙酯:二氯甲烷=8:1:1)得到白色固体14.6g(B)。反应收率为97%,产物ee值为98%。 (c 0.1,MeCN).Mp=83-86℃,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.73-7.69(m,2H),7.32-7.26(m,2H),6.61(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.55(dd,J=16.0,5.2Hz,1H),5.24(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.47-4.40(m,1H),4.07-3.99(m,2H),3.55(s,3H),3.45(s,3H),3.43-3.35(m,1H),2.39-2.27(m,2H),1.22(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),1.17(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6):δ174.7,170.8,163.3,163.1(d,J=247.5Hz),157.41,140.5,134.9(d,J=4.0Hz),132.6(d,J=9.1Hz),122.3,122.0,115.4(d,J=24.2Hz),67.9,60.2,42.2,42.0,33.6,31.8,21.9,14.5.19F NMR(376MHz,DMSO-d6):δ-111.97.HRMS m/z(ESI+):Calculatedfor C22H29FN3O5S+([M+H]+):466.1806,found 466.1837.HPLC analysis(Chiralpak IHcolumn,hexane:ethanol=95:5;flow rate=1.0mL/min;UV detection at 244nm):tR(major)=24.8min;tR(minor)=26.9min.
实施例10:
在氮气氛围下,于反应瓶内加入LDA(75mL,5.0eq.,2.0M in THF),随后降温至-65℃,滴加AcOtBu(17.4g,150mmol,5.0eq.),滴毕,搅拌40分钟。随后,控温-65℃左右,滴加B(14.0g,30.0mmol,1.0eq.)的四氢呋喃溶液。滴毕,缓慢升至室温,反应2小时。TLC检测反应完成后,加入饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取(3*200mL)。合并有机相,有机相以饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后抽滤。得到的滤液减压浓缩,残留物经柱层析分离后(石油醚:乙酸乙酯:二氯甲烷=8:1:1)得到黄色油状液体9.2g(C)。反应收率为57%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.67-7.63(m,2H),7.13-7.08(m,2H),6.67(dd,J=16.0,1.6Hz,1H),5.47(dd,J=16.0,5.2Hz,1H),4.67-4.63(m,1H),3.57(s,3H),3.51(s,3H),3.38-3.33(m,1H),3.36(s,2H),3.08(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),2.67-2.64(m,2H),1.47(s,9H),1.27(d,J=6.8Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO):δ202.3,174.8,166.7,163.2,163.1(d,J=247.5Hz),157.4,140.6,134.8(d,J=3.0Hz),132.7(d,J=9.1Hz),122.2,122.0,115.4(d,J=21.2Hz),81.1,79.6,67.2,51.1,49.8,42.0,33.6,31.8,28.0,21.9,21.8.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-111.46,HRMS m/z(ESI-):Calculated for C26H33FN3O6S-([M-H]-):534.2080,found 534.2091.
实施例11:
在氮气氛围下,于反应瓶内加入C(6.4g,12mmol,1.0eq.),THF/MeOH(160mL/40mL),随后降温至-78℃,缓慢加入Et2BOMe(13.2mL,1.1eq.,1.0M in THF),控温-78℃左右,搅拌反应0.5小时。随后,在该温度下加入NaBH4(0.59g,1.3eq.),控温-78℃左右,搅拌反应2~3小时。TLC检测反应完成后,加入乙酸(5mL)及水(10mL)淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取(3*100mL)。合并有机相,有机相以5% H2O2溶液洗涤(2*60mL),饱和NaHCO3溶液和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,得到的有机相减压浓缩,残留物经柱层析分离后(石油醚:乙酸乙酯:二氯甲烷=8:1:1)得白色固体5.4g(D),反应收率为84%,产物ee为98%,d.r.值>20:1。Mp=132-135℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.69-7.65(m,2H),7.13-7.08(m,2H),6.66(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.48(dd,J=16.0,4.8Hz,1H),4.48(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.18(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.76(s,2H),3.59(s,3H),3.53(s,3H),3.42-3.37(m,1H),2.40(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.49(s,9H),1.28(d,J=6.4Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ174.9,171.9,163.4,163.2(d,J=250.5Hz),157.2,139.6,134.6(d,J=3.0Hz),132.1(d,J=8.0Hz),122.5,121.5,115.0(d,J=22.2Hz),81.6,71.8,68.48,68.45,42.3,41.9,33.0,32.0,28.0,21.59,21.57.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ-111.69.HRMS m/z(ESI-):Calculated for C27H37FN3O8S-([M+HCO2]-):582.2291,found 582.2289.HPLC analysis(Chiralpak AD-H column,hexane:IPA=92:8;flow rate=0.8mL/min;UV detection at 244nm):tR(major)=26.12min;tR(minor)=23.23min.
实施例12:
于一反应瓶内加入D(3.0g,5.6mmol,1.0eq.)、15mL EtOH及9mL H2O。随后加入NaOH固体(0.27g,6.72mmol,1.2eq.),室温下搅拌2.0小时。TLC监测原料已反应完全后,抽滤,得到得滤液在40℃下浓缩至一半体积。随后,加入20mL水,以15mL乙酸乙酯萃取,水相于40℃下减压浓缩至一半体积后,加入20mL水,室温下搅拌5分钟。向体系内加入CaCl2(0.62g,5.6mmol,1.0eq.),室温下继续搅拌一小时,抽滤,滤饼以10mL水淋洗,所得滤饼干燥后得到粉末状固体2.32g(E),收率83%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.73-7.68(m,2H),7.29-7.23(m,2H),6.50(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.52(dd,J=16.0,5.2Hz,1H),4.23-4.18(m,1H),3.81(s,1H),3.54(s,3H),3.44(s,3H),3.43-3.40(m,1H),2.21-2.15(m,1H),2.07-2.00(m,1H),1.56-1.47(m,1H),1.37-1.28(m,1H),1.20(d,J=6.0Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6):δ179.1,174.7,163.3,163.0(d,J=247.5Hz),157.2,141.9,134.9(d,J=3.0Hz),132.6(d,J=8.0Hz),122.3,121.3,115.4(d,J=22.2Hz),69.1,66.3,44.2,42.0,33.6,31.7,21.9,21.8.19F NMR(376MHz,DMSO-d6):δ-111.89.HRMS m/z(ESI-):Calculatedfor C22H27FN3O6S-([(M-Ca)/2]-):480.1610,found 480.1613.
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述不对称催化氢化反应在碱存在的条件下进行。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述不对称催化氢化反应在溶剂存在的条件下进行。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱为有机碱或无机碱。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱与底物式A化合物的摩尔用量比为0.005~0.02。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱为三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉、DBU、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、叔丁醇钠或叔丁醇钾。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在氮气保护下,氢气压力为10~30个大气压,碱的用量为0.005~0.02摩尔当量,在有机溶剂中,式A化合物在0.00001~0.01摩尔当量的手性螺环吡啶胺基膦铱络合物催化下得到式B化合物。
9.根据权利要求4或8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇,四氢呋喃,甲苯,甲基叔丁基醚,二氧六环,DMF、二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯的单一溶剂或混合溶剂。
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