CN116409030A - 一种散热翅片的3d打印制造方法、散热翅片 - Google Patents
一种散热翅片的3d打印制造方法、散热翅片 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,包括以下步骤:S11、将铝合金粉末采用3D打印机进行打印,打印预热温度为175‑185℃,形成铝合金层;S12、将导热粉末采用3D打印机于铝合金层上下两表面进行打印,打印预热温度为190‑200℃,分别形成第一导热层、第二导热层;导热粉末包括以下重量份的原料:石墨烯2‑4份;氮化硼1‑2份;热塑性树脂30‑40份;聚乳酸40‑60份;马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯7‑10份;再生纤维素2‑4份。本发明还提供一种散热翅片。采用3D打印用以形成散热翅片,便于控制散热翅片的开裂率。通过铝合金粉末构成散热翅片的散热主构架及机械性能,通过导热粉末提高散热翅片的散热性能的同时起到保护铝合金层的作用。导热粉末中,石墨烯与碳化硼共同形成散热结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于点胶技术领域,具体涉及一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法、散热翅片。
背景技术
随着5G通信、电子信息及新能源汽车行业迅猛发展,通信基站射频单元、电子设备及新能源汽车三电结构壳体向集成化、轻量化、薄壁化方向发展,设备运行功率密度和发热量越来越高,给系统及设备散热带来严峻挑战。过热逐渐成为电子产品失效的主要原因。
铝合金因具有高比强度、塑性好、导热导电性能优良等优点,被广泛用于制作散热器。铝合金散热结构通常采用挤压机成型,基于该制造方法,制成的铝合金结构简单、性能单一。
3D打印即快速成型技术的一种,它是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术,3D打印通常是采用数字技术材料打印机来实现的。常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型,后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造,已经有使用这种技术打印而成的零部件,该技术在诸多领域都有所应用。
发明内容
为了实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现。
本发明提供一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,包括以下步骤:
S11、将铝合金粉末采用3D打印机进行打印,打印预热温度为175-185℃,形成铝合金层;
S12、将导热粉末采用3D打印机于所述铝合金层上下两表面进行打印,打印预热温度为190-200℃,分别形成第一导热层、第二导热层;
其中,导热粉末包括以下重量份的原料:
优选地,所述导热粉末粒径为150-200目。
优选地,所述第一导热层、所述铝合金层、所述第二导热层的厚度比为(1.2-1.8):(80-100):1。
优选地,所述第二导热层呈网格状,所述网格边长为0.5-1cm。
优选地,所述热塑性树脂为聚碳酸酯。
优选地,所述导热粉末的原料还包括0.3-0.5重量份的交联剂、1-3重量份的固化剂、0.4-0.5份的催化剂。
优选地,所述导热粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S21、取粒径为200-300目的石墨烯;
S22、在无氧条件下,将热塑性树脂、石墨烯、氮化硼、聚乳酸、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、再生纤维素、交联剂、催化剂搅拌混合,得第一混合物;
S23、向步骤S22制得的第一混合物中加入固化剂,在80-100℃下搅拌混合,得第二混合物;
S24、挤出造粒,得导热母粒;
S25、将步骤S24制得的导热母粒研磨,得导热粉末。
优选地,所述铝合金粉末包括以下合金元素:硅0.5-0.6%、镁0.3-0.5%、铁0.1-0.2%、铜0.01-0.02%、锰0.01-0.02%、铬0.02%、余量铝。
优选地,所述铝合金粉末粒径为200-400目。
本发明还提供散热翅片,采用如上所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法制成。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,采用3D打印用以形成散热翅片,制造简单,便于控制散热翅片的开裂率。此外,通过铝合金粉末构成散热翅片的散热主构架及机械性能,通过导热粉末提高散热翅片的散热性能的同时起到保护铝合金层的作用。导热粉末中,石墨烯与碳化硼共同形成散热结构;热塑性树脂提供粘接性,以便于进行3D打印;聚乳酸用以提高散热翅片的耐热性及耐菌性;马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯用以在极性材料与非极性材料之间起到粘接性和相容性的桥梁;再生纤维素用以起到粘合剂的作用。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。本发明的具体实施方式由以下实施例及其附图详细给出。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明的3D打印制造方法的步骤流程图;
图2为本发明的散热翅片的结构剖视图;
图中:
10、铝合金层;20、第一导热层;30、第二导热层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明,本发明的前述和其它目的、特征、方面和优点将变得更加明显,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施,所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在附图中,为清晰起见,可对形状和尺寸进行放大,并将在所有图中使用相同的附图标记来指示相同或相似的部件。
除非另作定义,此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明专利申请说明书以及权利要求书中使用的“第一”、“第二”“一级”“二级”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性,而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样,“一个”、“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制,而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现在“包括”或者“包含”前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在“包括”或者“包含”后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,并不排除其他元件或者物件。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系,当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后,则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在下列描述中,诸如中心、厚度、高度、长度、前部、背部、后部、左边、右边、顶部、底部、上部、下部等用词为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系。特别地,“高度”相当于从顶部到底部的尺寸,“宽度”相当于从左边到右边的尺寸,“深度”相当于从前到后的尺寸。这些相对术语是为了说明方便起见并且通常并不旨在需要具体取向。涉及附接、联接等的术语(例如,“连接”和“附接”)是指这些结构通过中间结构彼此直接或间接固定或附接的关系、以及可动或刚性附接或关系,除非以其他方式明确地说明。
下面,结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述,需要说明的是,在不相冲突的前提下,以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
本发明提供一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,如图1、图2所示,包括以下步骤:
S11、将铝合金粉末采用3D打印机进行打印,打印预热温度为175-185℃,形成铝合金层10;
S12、将导热粉末采用3D打印机于所述铝合金层上下两表面进行打印,打印预热温度为190-200℃,分别形成第一导热层20、第二导热层30;
其中,导热粉末包括以下重量份的原料:
本实施例中,采用3D打印用以形成散热翅片,制造简单,便于控制散热翅片的开裂率。此外,通过铝合金粉末构成散热翅片的散热主构架及机械性能,通过导热粉末提高散热翅片的散热性能的同时起到保护铝合金层的作用。导热粉末中,石墨烯与碳化硼共同形成散热结构;热塑性树脂提供粘接性,以便于进行3D打印;聚乳酸用以提高散热翅片的耐热性及耐菌性;马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯用以在极性材料与非极性材料之间起到粘接性和相容性的桥梁;再生纤维素用以起到粘合剂的作用。
在一实施例中,所述导热粉末粒径为150-200目,以便于进行3D打印,以及有利于提高形成的导热层表面的光滑性。
在一实施例中,所述第一导热层20、所述铝合金层10、所述第二导热层30的厚度比为(1.2-1.8):(80-100):1。具体地,散热翅片在应用时,第一导热层20靠近电器元件表面设置,第二导热层30远离电器元件表面设置。通过设计所述第一导热层20、所述铝合金层10、所述第二导热层30的厚度比,异型材热传导梯度,提高散热速度。
进一步地,所述第二导热层30呈网格状,所述网格边长为0.5-1cm。具体地,第二导热层30呈网格状,以加快散热翅片与冷空气的热交换速度。
在一实施例中,所述热塑性树脂为聚碳酸酯。具体地,聚碳酸酯具有良好的耐热性、抗冲击性、折射率高,且加工性能好。
在一实施例中,所述导热粉末的原料还包括0.3-0.5重量份的交联剂、1-3重量份的固化剂、0.4-0.5份的催化剂,以加快成膜。
进一步地,所述导热粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S21、取粒径为200-300目的石墨烯;
S22、在无氧条件下,将热塑性树脂、石墨烯、氮化硼、聚乳酸、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、再生纤维素、交联剂、催化剂搅拌混合,得第一混合物;
S23、向步骤S22制得的第一混合物中加入固化剂,在80-100℃下搅拌混合,得第二混合物;
S24、挤出造粒,得导热母粒;
S25、将步骤S24制得的导热母粒研磨,得导热粉末。
具体地,先将导热粉末各原料之间反应并造粒形成导热母粒,再将导热母粒研磨形成导热粉末,以简化散热翅片的加工难度,此外,有利于形成的导热粉末的散热性能稳定。
在一实施例中,所述铝合金粉末包括以下合金元素:硅0.5-0.6%、镁0.3-0.5%、铁0.1-0.2%、铜0.01-0.02%、锰0.01-0.02%、铬0.02%、余量铝。具体地,锰元素,能够提高材料的再结晶温度,提高材料的强韧性,同时改善铁在铝合金中的形态,使材料更加致密。锰元素的添加能够提高材料的再结晶温度,使其强韧性均得到提高,同时对材料中铁元素的有害作用有改善的作用。
在一实施例中,所述铝合金粉末粒径为200-400目,以便于进行3D打印。
本发明还提供散热翅片,采用如上所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法制成,制得的散热翅片的导热系数为210-230W/(m·K)。
为了阐述本文的发明,以下以具体实施例进行阐述。应当理解这些实施例仅用于说明性目的并且不应被理解为以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
一种散热翅片,其依次包括第一导热层10、铝合金层20、第二导热层30;第一导热层10、铝合金层20、第二导热层30厚度分别为1.2μm、100μm、1μm。
其中,散热翅片的制备方法包括以下步骤:将200目的铝合金粉末采用3D打印机进行打印,打印预热温度为175℃,形成铝合金层10;将150目导热粉末采用3D打印机于所述铝合金层上下两表面进行打印,打印预热温度为190℃,分别形成第一导热层20、第二导热层30。
所述导热粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取粒径为200目的石墨烯;
(2)在无氧条件下,将聚碳酸酯、石墨烯、氮化硼、聚乳酸、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、再生纤维素、交联剂、催化剂搅拌混合,得第一混合物;
(3)向步骤S22制得的第一混合物中加入固化剂,在100℃下搅拌混合,得第二混合物;
(4)挤出造粒,得导热母粒;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的导热母粒研磨,得导热粉末。
实施例2
与实施例1的不同之处在于,第一导热层10、铝合金层20、第二导热层30厚度分别为1.8μm、100μm、1μm,其余成分及制备工艺与实施例1相同。
实施例3
与实施例1的不同之处在于,所述第二导热层30呈网格状,所述网格边长为1cm,其余成分及制备工艺与实施例1相同。
实施例4
对实施例1至实施例3的散热翅片进行性能测试,测试结果见表一。
表一
以上,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制;凡本行业的普通技术人员均可按说明书附图所示和以上而顺畅地实施本发明;但是,凡熟悉本专业的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对以上实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变等,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述导热粉末粒径为150-200目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一导热层(20)、所述铝合金层(10)、所述第二导热层(30)的厚度比为(1.2-1.8):(80-100):1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述第二导热层(30)呈网格状,所述网格边长为0.5-1cm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性树脂为聚碳酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述导热粉末的原料还包括0.3-0.5重量份的交联剂、1-3重量份的固化剂、0.4-0.5份的催化剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述导热粉末的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S21、取粒径为200-300目的石墨烯;
S22、在无氧条件下,将热塑性树脂、石墨烯、氮化硼、聚乳酸、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、再生纤维素、交联剂、催化剂搅拌混合,得第一混合物;
S23、向步骤S22制得的第一混合物中加入固化剂,在80-100℃下搅拌混合,得第二混合物;
S24、挤出造粒,得导热母粒;
S25、将步骤S24制得的导热母粒研磨,得导热粉末。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述铝合金粉末包括以下合金元素:硅0.5-0.6%、镁0.3-0.5%、铁0.1-0.2%、铜0.01-0.02%、锰0.01-0.02%、铬0.02%、余量铝。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法,其特征在于,所述铝合金粉末粒径为200-400目。
10.散热翅片,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1-9任意一项所述的一种散热翅片的3D打印制造方法制成。
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