CN116408423A - Intelligent shell manufacturing production and manufacturing system with complex special-shaped structure - Google Patents
Intelligent shell manufacturing production and manufacturing system with complex special-shaped structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116408423A CN116408423A CN202211721354.6A CN202211721354A CN116408423A CN 116408423 A CN116408423 A CN 116408423A CN 202211721354 A CN202211721354 A CN 202211721354A CN 116408423 A CN116408423 A CN 116408423A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of shell making of complex special-shaped structures, in particular to a shell making and manufacturing method of complex special-shaped structures, which comprises the following steps: step one: coating a fine-dried coating on the outer side of the wax mould, then sanding, wherein the granularity of sand powder is 50-80 meshes, and then drying, and drying the environment: drying for 7-8 hours at the room temperature of 24-30 ℃; step two: coating a first layer of transition layer coating, and then sanding by fluidized sanding and deluge sanding; step three: coating three layers, then transferring to a conventional water glass process, hardening each layer for 1.5-2 hours, cleaning a shell opening, sealing slurry, hardening, extracting, and dewaxing to obtain the finished product, wherein before coating the coating in the step one, the investment pattern is subjected to degreasing treatment, and dip coating is adopted during coating; the air permeability and the yielding property of the shell are improved; preventing cracking during hardening of the shell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shell making of complex special-shaped structures, in particular to a shell making method of a complex special-shaped structure.
Background
The main molding process of precision casting is as follows: a wax mould process, a shell making process and a smelting process. The shell making process is one of the key steps in the whole precise process, and finally influences the surface quality and the dimensional accuracy of castings. It needs to have wet strength at room temperature (high humidity resistance and steam impact resistance at the time of high temperature steam dewaxing), and to have no deformation and wash-out at high temperature in molten steel. In order to ensure the quality stability of the shell, the consistency of each layer of slurry and sand of the shell is required to be maintained in the shell manufacturing process;
the traditional pure water glass ammonium chloride hardening process for investment precision casting has the defects that the ammonium smell is heavy and causes harm to the health of personnel and used equipment. The quality of the cast product can not be effectively controlled by the control of the technological process, and the ammonium chloride hardening process is hard
The humidity of the converted shell moisture is not well controlled due to the change of weather, and the defects of layering on the surface of the casting and air holes caused by thicker shell are easily caused.
At least the first three layers of the existing water glass-ethyl silicate investment casting process adopt ethyl silicate paint, the later reinforcing layer adopts water glass paint to make the shell, and the process must be adopted to prevent deformation, layering or cracking of the composite shell. Because the water glass and the ethyl silicate shell have different linear changes and different strength changes in the heating and cooling processes, the water glass and the ethyl silicate shell are easy to be subjected to
The shell is defective and is gradually replaced.
The existing silica sol-ethyl silicate investment casting process needs to prevent ethyl silicate hydrolysate from penetrating into a silica sol inoculated refining coating so as to prevent the shell from growing hair and reducing the refining effect, therefore, the refining coating has enough thickness, or 1-2 layers of common silica sol coating are additionally coated outside the refining layer, and then the ethyl silicate coating is coated, thus the cost is increased, and the air permeability of the shell is affected to a certain extent due to the increased number of coating layers
The back layer retains the water glass binder, so that the overall high-temperature strength and creep resistance of the shell are lower than those of a silica sol shell. The baking temperature is limited to below 950 ℃. The deformation of the shell is increased by 30% after 900 ℃. The baking temperature of the silica sol shell can reach 1000-1200 ℃, and the shell is not deformed before 1000 ℃. Therefore, the dimensional accuracy (including form and position tolerance) of the casting cast by the composite shell is not higher than that of the silica sol shell. Often, when large (more than 10 kg) castings are cast, the number of silica sol shell layers is increased (typically by at least 2 layers) to achieve high temperature strength and to prevent deformation of the castings.
(2) Because the front 2 layers of the shell are the main factors influencing the air permeability of the shell, after the water glass shell is changed into silica sol, the overall air permeability of the shell is greatly reduced, and the defects of casting air holes, insufficient casting, cold insulation and the like are often caused when the roasting temperature is lower and the heat preservation time is not long enough, the composite shell is more difficult to be applied to thin-wall (delta is less than or equal to 3 mm) pieces, small pieces and extra small pieces (less than 50 g). The high-temperature strength of the mold shell is lower than that of the silica sol mold shell, so that the waste products are more easily caused. In summary, composite shells are less breathable than water glass shells and less breathable than silica sol shells.
(3) The composite shell castings have better quality stability than water glass, but far less than silica sol shells. The back layer of the casting is still kept with water glass binder, and refractory materials with lower price and unstable quality, such as clay, granular sand and the like, are still adopted for reducing the cost, and are the same as water glass shell in the aspect of shell making process control, so that the quality stability of the casting is poor. Especially, the rejection rate and the repair rate of the large parts with the weight of more than 10kg and the small parts with the weight of less than 1kg are higher than those of the silica sol shell.
Therefore, a manufacturing method of a shell with a complex special-shaped structure is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of a shell with a complex special-shaped structure, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure comprises the following steps:
step one: coating a fine-dried coating on the outer side of the wax mould, then sanding, wherein the granularity of sand powder is 50-80 meshes, and then drying, and drying the environment: drying for 7-8 hours at the room temperature of 24-30 ℃;
step two: coating a first layer of transition layer coating, and then sanding by fluidized sanding and deluge sanding;
step three: coating three layers, then transferring to a conventional water glass process, hardening each layer for 1.5-2 hours, circulating the three layers, cleaning the shell opening, sealing slurry, hardening, extracting, and dewaxing.
Preferably, before coating the coating in the first step, the investment pattern is subjected to degreasing treatment, a dip coating method is adopted during coating, and the surface of the investment pattern is uniformly coated with the coating during coating operation, so that blank and local cloth accumulation are avoided; the welding positions, the fillets, the edges and the grooves are uniformly coated by a writing brush or a special tool, so that bubbles are avoided; before coating each layer of reinforcing layer coating, cleaning floating sand on the previous layer; in the coating process, the coating is stirred regularly, and the viscosity of the coating is mastered and adjusted.
Preferably, after the melting mold is taken out from the coating groove in the second step, when the residual coating on the melting mold flows uniformly and does not drip continuously, the coating flow is stopped, the freezing is started, and the coating can be sanded, and the coating is easy to accumulate due to early sanding; the sand is not adhered on and not adhered firmly due to too late sanding, and the investment pattern is required to be continuously rotated and turned upside down during sanding, so that the purpose of sanding is to fix the paint layer by sand; increasing the thickness of the shell to obtain necessary strength; the air permeability and the yielding property of the shell are improved; the sand spraying granularity is selected according to the coating layer, is matched with the viscosity of the coating, has small viscosity of the surface coating and fine sand grain size, and can obtain a die cavity with smooth surface, and the sand spraying granularity of the surface coating can be generally selected from the sand of the fire clay-quartz powder coating or the fire clay-particle powder coating; the reinforcing layer is sanded by coarser sand grains, preferably thickened layer by layer, and is required to be sufficiently dried and hardened after each coating and sanding step in the process of producing the shell.
Preferably, the silica sol pre-wetting treatment process comprises the steps of fully drying the surface layer shell, immersing the module in the silica sol for one time, and then coating the second layer shell.
Preferably, the purpose of prewetting is to increase the quality of silica sol on the surface layer, thereby increasing the high temperature strength of the surface layer and preventing various casting surface defects caused by surface layer defects, however, the negative effect caused by prewetting is not negligible, firstly, the drying of the surface layer is obtained by long-term natural drying under strict environmental conditions of temperature and humidity, and after the dried surface layer shell is immersed in diluted silica sol (the mass fraction of SiO2 is 25%), the whole surface layer is wetted, and the original state of the coating when the surface layer is not dried is restored, and the method is in field control.
Preferably, the second layer of shell is generally called a transition layer, which not only has the functions of reinforcing and protecting the surface layer, but also is a connecting layer of the surface layer and the back layer, has very important key level for preventing the surface layer silica sol from being dissolved back and preventing the surface layer shell from generating defects, and the two layers of slurry can be mullite powder or corundum powder, and the viscosity value of the slurry is controlled to be 17-18 s (measured by a No. 4 Jane cup) or even 16-17 s.
Preferably, the viscosity value of the slurry of the prewetted two-layer similar refractory powder is much lower than that of the slurry of the prewetted two-layer similar refractory powder, namely, the slurry becomes thinner, because the thinner two-layer slurry is easier to permeate into the sand layer with larger granularity of the surface layer shell, the strength of surface layer sand is increased, the slurry layer of the surface layer can play a powerful supporting role, the sand of the two-layer is scattered by 60-80 meshes of mullite sand or 60-80 meshes of corundum sand, and under the condition of the surface layer drying environment, the air blowing speed is 4-6 (m/s), if the product structure is not too complex, no deep hole exists, and the drying time of the two layers is less than or equal to 8-10 h.
Preferably, the drying time of the second layer is often much longer than that of the surface layer, in fact, for the drying of the two-layer shell, not only the two layers are sufficiently dried thoroughly, but also the wetted surface layer is re-dried, so that the drying time of the two layers is prolonged, and secondly, the silica sol coating has the characteristics of reversible physical change of water loss, gelation hardening, dissolution softening of the wetted gel and the hidden trouble of shell defect during re-drying of the pre-wetted surface layer shell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the shell manufacturing method for providing the complex special-shaped structure increases the thickness of the shell and obtains necessary strength; the air permeability and the yielding property of the shell are improved; the method has the advantages that cracks are prevented from being generated when the shell is hardened, the silica sol coating has the characteristics of water loss, gelation and hardening and reversible physical change of re-dissolution and softening of wet gel in the drying and hardening process, and the pre-wetted surface layer shell has the variable that hidden danger of shell defect cannot be observed and occurs in the re-drying process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
the manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure comprises the following steps:
step one: coating a fine-dried coating on the outer side of the wax mould, then sanding, wherein the granularity of sand powder is 50-80 meshes, and then drying, and drying the environment: drying for 7-8 hours at the room temperature of 24-30 ℃;
step two: coating a first layer of transition layer coating, and then sanding by fluidized sanding and deluge sanding;
step three: coating three layers, then transferring to a conventional water glass process, hardening each layer for 1.5-2 hours, circulating the three layers, cleaning the shell opening, sealing slurry, hardening, extracting, and dewaxing.
Specifically, before coating the coating in the first step, the investment pattern needs to be treated by degreasing, a dip coating method is adopted during coating, and the surface of the investment pattern is uniformly coated with the coating during coating operation, so that blank and local cloth accumulation are avoided; the welding positions, the fillets, the edges and the grooves are uniformly coated by a writing brush or a special tool, so that bubbles are avoided; before coating each layer of reinforcing layer coating, cleaning floating sand on the previous layer; in the coating process, the coating is stirred regularly, and the viscosity of the coating is mastered and adjusted.
Preferably, after the melting mold is taken out from the coating groove in the second step, when the residual coating on the melting mold flows uniformly and does not drip continuously, the coating flow is stopped, the freezing is started, and the coating can be sanded, and the coating is easy to accumulate due to early sanding; the sand is not adhered on and not adhered firmly due to too late sanding, and the investment pattern is required to be continuously rotated and turned upside down during sanding, so that the purpose of sanding is to fix the paint layer by sand; increasing the thickness of the shell to obtain necessary strength; the air permeability and the yielding property of the shell are improved; the sand spraying granularity is selected according to the coating layer, is matched with the viscosity of the coating, has small viscosity of the surface coating and fine sand grain size, and can obtain a die cavity with smooth surface, and the sand spraying granularity of the surface coating can be generally selected from the sand of the fire clay-quartz powder coating or the fire clay-particle powder coating; the reinforcing layer is sanded by coarser sand grains, preferably thickened layer by layer, and is required to be sufficiently dried and hardened after each coating and sanding step in the process of producing the shell.
Specifically, the silica sol pre-wetting treatment process comprises the steps of fully drying the surface layer shell, immersing the module in the silica sol for one time, and then coating the second layer shell.
Specifically, the purpose of prewetting is to increase the quality of silica sol on the surface layer, thereby increasing the high temperature strength of the surface layer and preventing various casting surface defects caused by surface layer defects, however, the negative effect caused by prewetting is not negligible, firstly, the drying of the surface layer is obtained by long-time natural drying under strict temperature and humidity environment conditions, and after the dried surface layer shell is immersed in diluted silica sol (the mass fraction of SiO2 is 25%), the whole surface layer is wetted, and the original state of the coating when the surface layer is not dried is restored, and the method is in field control.
Specifically, the second layer of shell is generally called a transition layer, which not only has the functions of reinforcing and protecting the surface layer, but also is a connecting layer of the surface layer and the back layer, has very important key layers with special significance for preventing the surface layer silica sol from being dissolved back and preventing the surface layer shell from generating defects, the second layer of slurry can be mullite powder or corundum powder, and the viscosity value of the slurry is controlled to be 17-18 s (measured by a No. 4 Jane cup) or even 16-17 s.
Specifically, the viscosity value of the slurry of the prewetted two-layer similar refractory powder is much lower than that of the slurry of the prewetted two-layer similar refractory powder, namely, the slurry becomes thinner, because the thinner two-layer slurry is easier to permeate into the sand layer with larger granularity of the surface layer shell, the strength of surface layer sand is increased, the slurry layer of the surface layer can also have a powerful supporting effect, 60-80 meshes of mullite sand or 60-80 meshes of corundum sand is adopted for scattering the sand of the two-layer, and under the condition of the surface layer drying environment, the air blowing speed is 4-6 (m/s), if the product structure is not too complex, no deep hole exists, and the drying time of the two layers is less than or equal to 8-10 hours.
Specifically, the drying time of the second layer is often much longer than that of the surface layer, in practice, for the drying of the two-layer shell, not only the two layers are fully dried, but also the wetted surface layer is re-dried, so that the drying time of the two layers is prolonged, and secondly, the silica sol coating has the characteristics of reversible physical change of water loss, gelation, hardening, dissolution and softening of the wetted gel in the drying and hardening process, and the pre-wetted surface layer shell has the variable that the hidden trouble of the shell defect can not be observed and occurs in the re-drying process.
The shell manufacturing method for providing the complex special-shaped structure increases the thickness of the shell and obtains necessary strength; the air permeability and the yielding property of the shell are improved; the method has the advantages that cracks are prevented from being generated when the shell is hardened, the silica sol coating has the characteristics of water loss, gelation and hardening and reversible physical change of re-dissolution and softening of wet gel in the drying and hardening process, and the pre-wetted surface layer shell has the variable that hidden danger of shell defect cannot be observed and occurs in the re-drying process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: coating a fine-dried coating on the outer side of the wax mould, then sanding, wherein the granularity of sand powder is 50-80 meshes, and then drying, and drying the environment: drying for 7-8 hours at the room temperature of 24-30 ℃;
step two: coating a first layer of transition layer coating, and then sanding by fluidized sanding and deluge sanding;
step three: coating three layers, then transferring to a conventional water glass process, hardening each layer for 1.5-2 hours, circulating the three layers, cleaning the shell opening, sealing slurry, hardening, extracting, and dewaxing.
2. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: before coating the coating in the first step, the investment pattern is subjected to degreasing treatment, a dip coating method is adopted during coating, and the surface of the investment pattern is uniformly coated with the coating during coating operation, so that blank and local cloth accumulation are avoided; the welding positions, the fillets, the edges and the grooves are uniformly coated by a writing brush or a special tool, so that bubbles are avoided; before coating each layer of reinforcing layer coating, cleaning floating sand on the previous layer; in the coating process, the coating is stirred regularly, and the viscosity of the coating is mastered and adjusted.
3. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: after the common investment pattern is taken out from the paint groove, when the residual paint on the common investment pattern flows uniformly and does not drip continuously, the flow of the paint is stopped, the condensation starts, and sand can be sprayed, and the paint is easy to accumulate due to early sand spraying; the sand is not adhered on and not adhered firmly due to too late sanding, and the investment pattern is required to be continuously rotated and turned upside down during sanding, so that the purpose of sanding is to fix the paint layer by sand; increasing the thickness of the shell to obtain necessary strength; the air permeability and the yielding property of the shell are improved; the sand spraying granularity is selected according to the coating layer, is matched with the viscosity of the coating, has small viscosity of the surface coating and fine sand grain size, and can obtain a die cavity with smooth surface, and the sand spraying granularity of the surface coating can be generally selected from the sand of the fire clay-quartz powder coating or the fire clay-particle powder coating; the reinforcing layer is sanded by coarser sand grains, preferably thickened layer by layer, and is required to be sufficiently dried and hardened after each coating and sanding step in the process of producing the shell.
4. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the silica sol pre-wetting treatment process includes the steps of fully drying the surface layer shell, soaking the module in silica sol, and coating the second layer shell.
5. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the aim of prewetting is to increase the quality of silica sol on the surface layer, thereby increasing the high-temperature strength of the surface layer and preventing various casting surface defects caused by surface layer defects, however, the negative influence caused by prewetting is not negligible, firstly, the drying of the surface layer is obtained by long-time natural drying under strict temperature and humidity environment conditions, and after the dried surface layer shell is immersed in diluted silica sol (the mass fraction of SiO2 is 25%), the whole surface layer is wetted, and the original state of the coating when the surface layer is not dried is restored, and in field control.
6. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the second layer of shell is generally called a transition layer, which not only has the functions of reinforcing and protecting the surface layer, but also is a connecting layer of the surface layer and the back layer, has very important key level of special significance for preventing the surface layer silica sol from being dissolved back and preventing the surface layer shell from generating defects, the second layer of slurry can be mullite powder or corundum powder, and the viscosity value of the slurry is controlled to be 17-18 s (measured by a No. 4 Jane cup) or even 16-17 s.
7. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the viscosity value of the slurry of the prewetted two-layer similar refractory powder is much lower than that of the slurry of the prewetted two-layer similar refractory powder, that is, the slurry becomes thinner, because the thinner two-layer slurry is easier to permeate into the sand layer with larger granularity of the surface layer shell, the strength of surface layer sand is increased, the slurry layer of the surface layer can also have a powerful supporting effect, the sand scattering of the two-layer adopts 60-80 meshes of mullite sand or 60-80 meshes of corundum sand, and the air blowing and the air speed of 4-6 (m/s) are carried out under the condition of the drying environment of the surface layer, if the product structure is not complicated, no deep hole exists, and the drying time of the two-layer is less than or equal to 8-10 h.
8. The manufacturing method of the shell with the complex special-shaped structure according to claim 5, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the drying time of the second layer is often much longer than that of the surface layer, and in practice, for the drying of the two-layer shell, not only the two layers are fully dried, but also the wetted surface layer is re-dried, so that the drying time of the two layers is prolonged, and secondly, the silica sol coating has the characteristics of water loss, gelation and hardening, reversible physical change of dissolution and softening of the wetted gel, and the pre-wetted surface layer shell has the variable that the hidden trouble of shell defect cannot be observed and occurs in the re-drying process.
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