CN116402353A - Comprehensive evaluation method and system for heavy metal pollution of industrialized urban water body - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining comprehensive risks, in particular to a method and a system for comprehensively evaluating heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body. The evaluation method comprises the following steps: (1) Determining the types of heavy metals to be detected in the range of the research area, numbering the heavy metals, and calculating the average concentration value of each heavy metal; (2) Respectively calculating a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal; (3) Constructing a comprehensive risk evaluation model suitable for heavy metal pollution of industrial urban rivers; (4) And calculating the environmental risk index EPRI of the river heavy metal polluted area to obtain the comprehensive risk grade of the river heavy metal pollution. Compared with a heavy metal ecological risk evaluation method and a method for evaluating the human health risk caused by heavy metal pollution, the method can provide a judgment standard for the comprehensive risk condition of the heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal pollution environments, relates to a method for determining comprehensive risks, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the comprehensive risks of heavy metal pollution of industrial urban rivers.
Background
Heavy metal pollutants can enter the aquatic environment through the hydrodynamic action and biological activity of the river bank, so that the water quality is changed. At the same time, they may also be re-immobilized in sediments at the bottom of the river and released again into the surface water under the influence of hydrodynamic or biological disturbances, resulting in abrupt changes in the river water quality. Heavy metals have high mobility and interaction characteristics among water, sediment and soil, so that the risk of heavy metal pollution in one environment interval is likely to be diffused to other intervals through communication channels such as water, sediment and soil, and the risk of heavy metal pollution to river ecology and human health is further enlarged. In river ecosystems affected by industrial and regulated reservoirs, the process of mass exchange between different areas is more frequent, making river ecosystems and human health more threatening.
The existing heavy metal pollution risk evaluation methods mainly comprise two types: one is an evaluation method for ecological risk establishment of heavy metals, and the other is an evaluation method for human health risk establishment. However, for a special system of an industrial city river, the established evaluation method needs to consider both the ecological system health of the river and the human health in the industrial city living around the river, however, the existing method has certain limitations and lacks a comprehensive evaluation method to comprehensively consider the ecological risk and the human health risk of heavy metals. Therefore, in order to better evaluate the comprehensive risk of heavy metal pollution in industrial urban rivers, a new comprehensive evaluation method needs to be developed to evaluate the risk of heavy metal pollution on river ecology and human health more comprehensively and accurately.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that in the prior art, the evaluation of heavy metal pollution only focuses on river ecological risks or human health risks, consideration factors are incomplete, the requirements of an industrial urban river system on comprehensive management of the heavy metal river ecological risks and the human health risks cannot be met, technical support cannot be effectively provided for the industrial urban river heavy metal pollution control technology, and further a comprehensive heavy metal pollution risk evaluation method for the industrial urban river is provided.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body comprises the following specific implementation processes:
step one, determining and numbering heavy metal types to be detected in a research area according to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of industrial urban rivers; if n heavy metals are to be detected in total, the metal numbers are 1, 2, …, i, …, n-1 and n; measuring the concentration of n heavy metals in each sample one by one, and calculating the average concentration value of each heavy metal respectively;
step two, calculating a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal based on the average concentration value of each heavy metal;
step three, constructing a comprehensive risk evaluation model suitable for heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river based on the three indexes in the step two;
and step four, obtaining an environmental risk index EPRI of the region of the heavy metal pollution in the river to be evaluated by using the model constructed in the step three, and evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree of the river according to the EPRI value.
Further, the comprehensive potential ecological risk indexRIFor reflecting the detection of sediment and soilThe extent of the overall potential impact of heavy metals on the ecosystem is represented by equation 1:
Wherein: RI (RI) i Is the potential ecological risk index of single heavy metal; t (T) i Is the biotoxicity coefficient of single heavy metal; c (C) i Is a single heavy metal measured value, and the unit is mg/kg; s is S i The unit is mg/kg of background value in single heavy metal soil.
Further, people are exposed to substances containing heavy metals by three routes of ingestion, inhalation or skin contact, and the relative contribution of each route of contact to chronic daily intake CDI is calculated by equation 2:
Wherein: CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); IR (IR) ing Daily soil and water intake for adults; EF represents the exposure frequency of water and soil; ED is the exposure time of adults; CF is the average conversion coefficient; BW is the average body weight of an adult; AT is the average time of non-carcinogenic effects or the average time of carcinogenic effects; SA is the surface area affected by skin contact of an adult; AF is the adhesion coefficient of skin and soil; ABS is skin adsorption factor; IR (IR) inh Is the daily rate of soil and water intake by adults; p (P)EF is the particulate emission coefficient;
the cumulative hazard index HI is used to reflect the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in water and soil and sediment affecting human health, and is represented by equation 3:
Wherein: HI (high intensity polyethylene) i Is the hazard index of single heavy metal; CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); rfD ing,i ，RfD derm,i ，RfD inh,i The reference doses, in mg/(kg.d), representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively.
Further, the accumulated risk of carcinogenesis CR is used to reflect the risk of carcinogenicity of heavy metals in water and soil affecting human health, and is represented by formula 4:
Wherein: CR (computed radiography) i A cumulative carcinogenic risk for single heavy metals; SF (sulfur hexafluoride) ing,i ，SF derm,i ，SF inh,i The unit of oncogenic slope factor representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is mg/(kg.d), respectively.
Further, based on different probability and degree of damage to human body caused by different kinds of risks, different weights are assigned to comprehensive potential ecological risks and human health risk indexes, wherein the human health risk indexes comprise accumulated hazard indexes and accumulated carcinogenic risk indexes, and finally, regional environment risk indexes EPRI are obtained as shown in formula 5:
Where CR is the cumulative risk of carcinogenesis,RIfor the comprehensive potential ecological risk index, HI is the cumulative hazard index, subscript max represents maximum, min represents minimum, w 1 And w 2 The weights of the comprehensive potential ecological risk and human health risk indexes are respectively.
Further, a minimum-maximum normalization method is adopted, data of the ecological risk result and the human health risk result are mapped in a range from 0 to 1, and weights distributed to the ecological risk and the human health risk are obtained by adopting a hierarchical process analysis matrix.
In the fourth step, the heavy metal pollution degree of the river is evaluated according to the EPRI value, and when the EPRI is less than 0.25, the risk grade is low risk; when EPRI is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, the risk grade is medium risk; when EPRI is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the risk grade is high risk; when EPRI is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the risk grade is extremely high.
The invention also provides a comprehensive evaluation system for heavy metal pollution of the industrialized urban water body, which comprises the following modules:
the average concentration value calculation module is used for determining and numbering heavy metal types to be detected in the range of the research area according to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river; if n heavy metals are to be detected in total, the metal numbers are 1, 2, …, i, …, n-1 and n; measuring the concentration of n heavy metals in each sample one by one, and calculating the average concentration value of each heavy metal respectively;
the index calculation module is used for calculating a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal based on the average concentration value of each heavy metal;
the risk evaluation model construction module is used for constructing a heavy metal pollution comprehensive risk evaluation model applicable to the industrial urban river based on the three indexes in the index calculation module;
the evaluation module is used for obtaining the regional environment risk index EPRI of the heavy metal pollution in the river to be evaluated by utilizing the model constructed by the risk evaluation model construction module, and evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree of the river according to the EPRI value.
Further, the comprehensive potential ecological risk indexRIFor reflecting the degree of comprehensive potential influence of the heavy metals detected in the sediment and soil on the ecosystem, expressed by formula 1:
Wherein: RI (RI) i Is the potential ecological risk index of single heavy metal; t (T) i Is the biotoxicity coefficient of single heavy metal; c (C) i Is a single heavy metal measured value, and the unit is mg/kg; s is S i The unit is mg/kg for the background value in single heavy metal soil;
people are exposed to substances containing heavy metals by three routes of ingestion, inhalation or skin contact, the relative contribution of each route of contact to chronic daily intake CDI is calculated by equation 2:
Wherein: CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); IR (IR) ing Daily soil and water intake for adults; EF represents the exposure frequency of water and soil; ED is the exposure of adultsTime; CF is the average conversion coefficient; BW is the average body weight of an adult; AT is the average time of non-carcinogenic effects or the average time of carcinogenic effects; SA is the surface area affected by skin contact of an adult; AF is the adhesion coefficient of skin and soil; ABS is skin adsorption factor; IR (IR) inh Is the daily rate of soil and water intake by adults; PEF is the particulate emission coefficient;
the cumulative hazard index HI is used to reflect the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in water and soil and sediment affecting human health, and is represented by equation 3:
Wherein: HI (high intensity polyethylene) i Is the hazard index of single heavy metal; CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); rfD ing,i ，RfD derm,i ，RfD inh,i Reference doses representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively, in mg/(kg·d);
the accumulated risk of carcinogenesis CR is used to reflect the risk of carcinogenicity of heavy metals in water and soil to affect human health, represented by equation 4:
Wherein: CR (computed radiography) i A cumulative carcinogenic risk for single heavy metals; SF (sulfur hexafluoride) ing,i ，SF derm,i ，SF inh,i The unit of oncogenic slope factor representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is mg/(kg.d), respectively.
Further, based on different probability and degree of damage to human body caused by different kinds of risks, different weights are assigned to comprehensive potential ecological risks and human health risk indexes, wherein the human health risk indexes comprise accumulated hazard indexes and accumulated carcinogenic risk indexes, and finally, regional environment risk indexes EPRI are obtained as shown in formula 5:
Where CR is the cumulative risk of carcinogenesis,RIfor the comprehensive potential ecological risk index, HI is the cumulative hazard index, subscript max represents maximum, min represents minimum, w 1 And w 2 The weights of the comprehensive potential ecological risk and human health risk indexes are respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the method has the advantages that the consideration factors are comprehensive, the river ecological risk and the human health risk are considered, the requirements of the industrial urban river system on comprehensive management of the heavy metal river ecological risk and the human health risk are met, and technical support is effectively provided for the industrial urban river heavy metal pollution control technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of a profile of a sample of an initial segment downstream of a river evaluated using the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a comprehensive evaluation chart of regional environmental risks in dry season, dry-rain transition season and rainy season of a certain river downstream initial section evaluated by the method of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of promoting an understanding and appreciation of the various aspects of the invention, reference will be made to the drawings and specific examples, it will be apparent that the invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some but not all embodiments of the invention are illustrated. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body, which comprises the following steps:
step one, determining and numbering heavy metal types to be detected in a research area according to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of industrial urban rivers; if n heavy metals are required to be detected in total, the metal numbers are 1, 2, …, i, …, n-1, n and 1<n are less than or equal to 45; n heavy metal concentrations of each sample are measured one by one, and the average concentration value of each heavy metal is calculated.
And step two, determining a comprehensive potential ecological risk index and a human health risk index (comprising an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index) of the river heavy metal.
Selecting 3 indexes of a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index to construct a heavy metal pollution comprehensive risk evaluation model applicable to industrial urban rivers;
comprehensive potential ecological risk indexRIFor reflecting the degree of comprehensive potential influence of the heavy metals detected in the sediment and soil on the ecosystem, expressed by formula 1:
Wherein: RI (RI) i Is the potential ecological risk index of single heavy metal; t (T) i Is the biotoxicity coefficient of single heavy metal; c (C) i Is a single heavy metal measured value, and the unit is mg/kg; s is S i The unit is mg/kg of background value in single heavy metal soil.
People contact substances containing heavy metals through three ways of ingestion, inhalation or skin contact. The relative contribution of each contact pathway to chronic daily intake CDI can be calculated by equation 2:
Wherein: CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); IR (IR) ing Daily soil (100 mg/d) and water (2.5L/d) intake for adults; EF represents the frequency of exposure of water and soil, and the recommended value for USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. environmental protection agency) is 350 days/year; ED is the exposure time of adults (24 years); CF is the average conversion coefficient (10 -6 kg/mg); BW is the average body weight of an adult (56.8 kg); AT is the average time of non-carcinogenic effects (35 years, 12775 days) or the average time of carcinogenic effects (70 years, 25550 days); SA is the surface area affected by adult skin contact (1530 cm 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the AF is the adhesion coefficient of skin and soil (0.49 mg/cm 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the ABS is skin adsorption factor (0.001); IR (IR) inh Is soil (20 m) for adult daily 3 /d) and water (0.0017 m 3 Inhalation rate of/d); PEF is the particle emission coefficient (1.36
10 9 m 3 /kg）。
The cumulative hazard index HI is used to reflect the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in water and soil and sediment affecting human health, and is represented by equation 3:
Wherein: HI (high intensity polyethylene) i Is the hazard index of single heavy metal; CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of single heavy metals through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is represented by mg/(kg.d) and calculated by the formula 2; rfD ing,i ，RfD derm,i ，RfD inh,i The reference doses, in mg/(kg.d), representing the routes of single heavy metal exposure by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively, were obtained according to the domestic and foreign scholars study, see Table 13.
The accumulated risk of carcinogenesis CR is used to reflect the risk of carcinogenicity of heavy metals in water and soil to affect human health, represented by equation 4:
Wherein: CR (computed radiography) i A cumulative carcinogenic risk for single heavy metals; SF (sulfur hexafluoride) ing,i ，SF derm,i ，SF inh,i The unit of the oncogenic slope factor representing the way of single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation exposure is mg/(kg.d), and the value is according to the study of scholars at home and abroad, and is shown in Table 13.
Step three, construction of heavy metal pollution comprehensive risk evaluation model suitable for industrial urban river
Based on different kinds of risks, different probability and hazard degrees of the risks possibly causing injury to human bodies, different weights are allocated to ecological risks and human health risk indexes (including accumulated hazard indexes and accumulated carcinogenic risk indexes), and finally the regional environment risk index EPRI is obtained, as shown in formula 5:
W in 1 And w 2 Respectively ecological risk and human health riskThe subscript max represents the maximum value and min represents the minimum value; the data of the ecological risk results and the human health risk results are mapped in the range of 0 to 1 using a min-max normalization method, which allows us to compare on the same order of magnitude. The weights assigned to ecological risks and human health risks can be obtained by using a hierarchical process analysis matrix, and the specific processes are as follows: firstly, establishing a hierarchical structure model; and a second step of: determining a scale and constructing a judgment matrix; and a third step of: feature vector, feature root calculation and weight calculation; fourth step: consistency test analysis; fifth step: and (5) analyzing conclusion.
Step four,
As a comprehensive risk evaluation model suitable for the heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river, obtaining an environmental risk index EPRI of the region of the heavy metal pollution in the river to be evaluated according to the model, and evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree of the river according to the EPRI value.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the comprehensive risk of heavy metals in the initial section of the downstream of a river is evaluated, therefore, 6 key prevention and control pollutants Cu, zn, V, as, cd, pb are selected as research factors, sample data are collected on 7 monitoring sections of the river main flow, and the collection time is 3 months, 4 months and 7 months in 2018, and respectively correspond to drought seasons, drought-rain transition seasons and rain seasons. Wherein: and (3) collecting water sample data 21 times, collecting soil sample data 18 times, and collecting sediment sample data 6 times. A common approach to sediment contact is wading, and since the water depth of the investigation region is deep enough, above 2m, the present example ignores the hazard of heavy metals in the sediment to human health.
1. According to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of industrial urban rivers, determining the types of heavy metals to be detected in the range of a research area and numbering the heavy metals; 6 heavy metals are detected, and the number of the heavy metals is 1-6; 6 heavy metal concentrations of each sample are measured one by one, and the average concentration value of each heavy metal is calculated.
2. And (3) determining the comprehensive potential ecological risk index, the accumulated hazard index and the accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal.
(1) And calculating the comprehensive potential ecological risk index of the heavy metals in the soil and the sediment.
Measuring the concentration of each heavy metal in each collected sample (water, soil and sediment) one by one, and calculating the concentration average value C of the ith heavy metal i And according to the formula
Calculating potential ecological risk indexes of ith heavy metal in soil and sediment one by one, wherein T i Is the biotoxicity coefficient of single heavy metal; s is S i Background value in single heavy metal soil. The comprehensive potential ecological risk indexes of the soil are calculated according to the dry season, the dry-rain transition season and the rain season respectively, the comprehensive potential ecological risk indexes of the sediment are calculated according to the dry season, and the data obtained in the step are shown in tables 1-4.
(2) And calculating the accumulated hazard index of heavy metals in water and soil.
According to the formula
Calculating hazard indexes of ith heavy metal in water and soil one by one, wherein CDI ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i Chronic daily intake, representing intake, skin contact and inhalation of a single heavy metal, respectively, is calculated by formula 2; rfD ing,i ，RfD derm,i ，RfD inh,i Reference doses representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively, are shown in table 13; the data obtained in this step are shown in tables 5 to 10.
(3) And calculating the accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the heavy metals in the water and the soil.
According to the formula
Calculating the carcinogenic risk index of the ith heavy metal in water and soil one by one, wherein CDI ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i Representing chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively, throughCalculating a formula 2; SF (sulfur hexafluoride) ing,i ，SF derm,i ，SF inh,i The carcinogenic slope factor, which represents the route of exposure of a single heavy metal by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively, is shown in table 13, and since only Cd and As were identified As human carcinogens, this step only counted the carcinogenic risk index of these two heavy metals, and the data obtained are shown in tables 11 and 12.
3. According to expert scoring and effect evaluation, a hierarchical process analysis matrix is adopted to obtain risk weights, and the weights of the ecological risk and the human health risk are respectively 0.33 and 0.67.
4. According to the formula
The environmental risk index EPRI of the heavy metal contaminated area in the river was calculated and is shown in Table 14. And (5) evaluating the pollution degree of the heavy metal in the river according to the EPRI value. The evaluation criteria are based on the regional characteristics of the present embodiment and are studied by scholars at home and abroad: when EPRI is less than 0.25, the risk level is low risk; when EPRI is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, the risk grade is medium risk; when EPRI is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the risk grade is high risk; when EPRI is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the risk grade is extremely high. And judging that the heavy metal pollution risk level in the drought season and the rainy season of the area is medium risk and the heavy metal pollution risk level in the drought-rain transition season is low risk according to the standard.
Table 1 soil-dry season potential comprehensive ecological risk
TABLE 2 soil-drought transition season potential comprehensive ecological risk
TABLE 3 soil-rainy season potential comprehensive ecological risk
TABLE 4 sediment-potential comprehensive ecological risk in dry seasons
TABLE 5 soil-dry season cumulative hazard index
TABLE 6 soil-drought rain transition season cumulative hazard index
TABLE 7 soil-rain accumulation hazard index
TABLE 8 cumulative hazard index in dry to wet seasons
TABLE 9 cumulative hazard index during Water-Dry rain transition season
TABLE 10 cumulative hazard index in water-rain season
Table 11 soil-drought, drought-rain transition season, rain season carcinogenic risk index
TABLE 12 carcinogenic risk index in water-dry season, dry-rain transition season, rainy season
TABLE 13 RfD and SF values
Table 14 regional environmental risk indices
In particular, the method according to the technical solution of the present invention may be implemented by those skilled in the art using computer software technology to implement an automatic operation flow, and a system apparatus for implementing the method, such as a computer readable storage medium storing a corresponding computer program according to the technical solution of the present invention, and a computer device including the operation of the corresponding computer program, should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a comprehensive evaluation system for heavy metal pollution of the industrialized urban water body, which comprises the following modules:
the average concentration value calculation module is used for determining and numbering heavy metal types to be detected in the range of the research area according to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river; if n heavy metals are to be detected in total, the metal numbers are 1, 2, …, i, …, n-1 and n; measuring the concentration of n heavy metals in each sample one by one, and calculating the average concentration value of each heavy metal respectively;
the index calculation module is used for calculating a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal based on the average concentration value of each heavy metal;
the risk evaluation model construction module is used for constructing a heavy metal pollution comprehensive risk evaluation model applicable to the industrial urban river based on the three indexes in the index calculation module;
the evaluation module is used for obtaining the regional environment risk index EPRI of the heavy metal pollution in the river to be evaluated by utilizing the model constructed by the risk evaluation model construction module, and evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree of the river according to the EPRI value.
The specific implementation manner of each module corresponds to each step, and the invention is not written.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment examples is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to limit the scope of the claims, and that those skilled in the art can make substitutions or modifications without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The comprehensive evaluation method for the heavy metal pollution of the industrialized urban water body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, determining and numbering heavy metal types to be detected in a research area according to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of industrial urban rivers; if n heavy metals are to be detected in total, the metal numbers are 1, 2, …, i, …, n-1 and n; measuring the concentration of n heavy metals in each sample one by one, and calculating the average concentration value of each heavy metal respectively;
step two, calculating a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal based on the average concentration value of each heavy metal;
step three, constructing a comprehensive risk evaluation model suitable for heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river based on the three indexes in the step two;
and step four, obtaining an environmental risk index EPRI of the region of the heavy metal pollution in the river to be evaluated by using the model constructed in the step three, and evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree of the river according to the EPRI value.
2. The comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: comprehensive potential ecological risk indexRIFor reflecting heavy metal detected in sediment and soil against ecosystemThe overall potential impact of the system is expressed by equation 1:
Wherein: RI (RI) i Is the potential ecological risk index of single heavy metal; t (T) i Is the biotoxicity coefficient of single heavy metal; c (C) i Is a single heavy metal measured value, and the unit is mg/kg; s is S i The unit is mg/kg of background value in single heavy metal soil.
3. The comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: people are exposed to substances containing heavy metals by three routes of ingestion, inhalation or skin contact, the relative contribution of each route of contact to chronic daily intake CDI is calculated by equation 2:
Wherein: CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); IR (IR) ing Daily soil and water intake for adults; EF represents the exposure frequency of water and soil; ED is the exposure time of adults; CF is the average conversion coefficient; BW is the average body weight of an adult; AT isAverage time of non-carcinogenic effects or average time of carcinogenic effects; SA is the surface area affected by skin contact of an adult; AF is the adhesion coefficient of skin and soil; ABS is skin adsorption factor; IR (IR) inh Is the daily rate of soil and water intake by adults; PEF is the particulate emission coefficient;
the cumulative hazard index HI is used to reflect the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in water and soil and sediment affecting human health, and is represented by equation 3:
Wherein: HI (high intensity polyethylene) i Is the hazard index of single heavy metal; CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); rfD ing,i ，RfD derm,i ，RfD inh,i The reference doses, in mg/(kg.d), representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively.
4. The comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the accumulated risk of carcinogenesis CR is used to reflect the risk of carcinogenicity of heavy metals in water and soil to affect human health, represented by equation 4:
Wherein: CR (computed radiography) i A cumulative carcinogenic risk for single heavy metals; SF (sulfur hexafluoride) ing,i ，SF derm,i ，SF inh,i The unit of oncogenic slope factor representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is mg/(kg.d), respectively.
5. The comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: based on different probabilities and different degrees of harm to human bodies caused by different kinds of risks, different weights are assigned to comprehensive potential ecological risks and human health risk indexes, wherein the human health risk indexes comprise accumulated hazard indexes and accumulated carcinogenic risk indexes, and finally, the regional environment risk index EPRI is obtained as shown in formula 5:
Where CR is the cumulative risk of carcinogenesis,RIfor the comprehensive potential ecological risk index, HI is the cumulative hazard index, subscript max represents maximum, min represents minimum, w 1 And w 2 The weights of the comprehensive potential ecological risk and human health risk indexes are respectively.
6. The comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized city water body according to claim 5, wherein the comprehensive evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: mapping the data of the ecological risk result and the human health risk result in the range of 0 to 1 by adopting a minimum-maximum normalization method, and obtaining the weights distributed to the ecological risk and the human health risk by adopting a hierarchical process analysis matrix.
7. The comprehensive evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized urban water body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the heavy metal pollution degree of the river is evaluated according to the EPRI value, and when the EPRI is less than 0.25, the risk level is low risk; when EPRI is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, the risk grade is medium risk; when EPRI is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the risk grade is high risk; when EPRI is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the risk grade is extremely high.
8. The comprehensive evaluation system for heavy metal pollution of the industrialized urban water body is characterized by comprising the following modules:
the average concentration value calculation module is used for determining and numbering heavy metal types to be detected in the range of the research area according to comprehensive risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution of the industrial urban river; if n heavy metals are to be detected in total, the metal numbers are 1, 2, …, i, …, n-1 and n; measuring the concentration of n heavy metals in each sample one by one, and calculating the average concentration value of each heavy metal respectively;
the index calculation module is used for calculating a comprehensive potential ecological risk index, an accumulated hazard index and an accumulated carcinogenic risk index of the river heavy metal based on the average concentration value of each heavy metal;
the risk evaluation model construction module is used for constructing a heavy metal pollution comprehensive risk evaluation model applicable to the industrial urban river based on the three indexes in the index calculation module;
the evaluation module is used for obtaining the regional environment risk index EPRI of the heavy metal pollution in the river to be evaluated by utilizing the model constructed by the risk evaluation model construction module, and evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree of the river according to the EPRI value.
9. The comprehensive evaluation system for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized city water body according to claim 8, wherein:
comprehensive potential ecological risk indexRIFor reflecting the degree of comprehensive potential influence of the heavy metals detected in the sediment and soil on the ecosystem, expressed by formula 1:
Wherein: RI (RI) i Is the potential ecological risk index of single heavy metal; t (T) i Is the biotoxicity coefficient of single heavy metal; c (C) i Is a single heavy metal measured value, and the unit is mg/kg; s is S i The unit is mg/kg for the background value in single heavy metal soil;
people are exposed to substances containing heavy metals by three routes of ingestion, inhalation or skin contact, the relative contribution of each route of contact to chronic daily intake CDI is calculated by equation 2:
Wherein: CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); IR (IR) ing Daily soil and water intake for adults; EF represents the exposure frequency of water and soil; ED is the exposure time of adults; CF is the average conversion coefficient; BW is the average body weight of an adult; AT is the average time of non-carcinogenic effects or the average time of carcinogenic effects; SA is the surface area affected by skin contact of an adult; AF is the adhesion coefficient of skin and soil; ABS is skin adsorption factor; IR (IR) inh Is the daily rate of soil and water intake by adults; PEF is the particulate emission coefficient;
the cumulative hazard index HI is used to reflect the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in water and soil and sediment affecting human health, and is represented by equation 3:
Wherein: HI (high intensity polyethylene) i Is the hazard index of single heavy metal; CDI (compact digital interface) ing,i ，CDI derm,i ，CDI inh,i The chronic daily intake of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is expressed in mg/(kg.d); rfD ing,i ，RfD derm,i ，RfD inh,i Reference doses representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal by ingestion, skin contact and inhalation, respectively, in mg/(kg·d);
the accumulated risk of carcinogenesis CR is used to reflect the risk of carcinogenicity of heavy metals in water and soil to affect human health, represented by equation 4:
Wherein: CR (computed radiography) i A cumulative carcinogenic risk for single heavy metals; SF (sulfur hexafluoride) ing,i ，SF derm,i ，SF inh,i The unit of oncogenic slope factor representing the route of exposure of a single heavy metal through ingestion, skin contact and inhalation is mg/(kg.d), respectively.
10. The comprehensive evaluation system for heavy metal pollution of an industrialized city water body according to claim 8, wherein:
based on different probabilities and different degrees of harm to human bodies caused by different kinds of risks, different weights are assigned to comprehensive potential ecological risks and human health risk indexes, wherein the human health risk indexes comprise accumulated hazard indexes and accumulated carcinogenic risk indexes, and finally, the regional environment risk index EPRI is obtained as shown in formula 5:
Where CR is the cumulative risk of carcinogenesis,RIfor the comprehensive potential ecological risk index, HI is the cumulative hazard index, subscript max represents maximum, min represents minimum, w 1 And w 2 The weights of the comprehensive potential ecological risk and human health risk indexes are respectively.
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