CN116399458A - Ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector and application method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector and a use method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that a streak tube is large in noise and easy to generate electric breakdown when the detection requirement of high time resolution is realized at present. The photoelectric detector comprises a strip tube unit, a high-low voltage power supply system, a gating acceleration pulse generator, a scanning deflection signal generating circuit, a pulse feed-in circuit, a triggering system and a beam splitter. The method comprises the following steps: 1. starting a high-low voltage power supply system to provide a direct-current voltage value for the strip tube unit; 2. the voltage of the photoelectric cathode is higher than that of the acceleration system, and the strip tube unit is cut off; 3. the beam splitter receives the superoptical pulse signal to be detected, and the photoelectric cathode generates an optoelectronic image; 4. gating the streak tube units, sequentially transmitting photoelectronic images, and then entering a scanning deflection system; 5. the scanning deflection system scans the photoelectric image and outputs the photoelectric image to the fluorescent screen, so as to realize the detection of the superoptical pulse signal to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photoelectric detector, in particular to a photoelectric detector with ultra-high time resolution and a use method thereof.
Background
At present, the field of high-energy density physics faces a plurality of problems, mainly comprising research on inertia constraint fusion implosion dynamics, plasma formation, plasma fusion, development of plasma instability, research on physical mechanism of energy transportation in plasma, transient diagnosis of high-energy density substances, properties of temperature dense substances and the like, and the research on the problems has important influence on understanding basic physical laws, future energy and weapon research and the like. When approaching the extreme physical state of insufficient cognition, detection of microscopic and ultrafast processes under extreme conditions needs to be realized by means of a high-time-resolution photoelectric detection device.
The streak camera is the only ultrafast phenomenon diagnosis tool with high time resolution at present, and plays a role of being difficult to replace in the ultrafast phenomenon research with the ultrahigh time resolution. In particular, in the aspect of light pulse diagnosis in the picosecond to subfemtosecond level, the striped tube with the subfemtosecond level time resolution can better meet the detection requirements in the field.
The time resolution of the streak tube is generally improved by increasing the field strength near the photocathode. The strong electric field near the photocathode can reduce physical time dispersion on one hand; on the other hand, the high energy provided by the strong field can shorten the running time of photoelectron pulse in the streak tube, increase the average running speed and reduce the dynamic scanning time dispersion.
However, the above scheme for achieving high time resolution has the following disadvantages: the continuous direct current high voltage increases the conduction current to increase the noise of the streak tube, and even has serious consequences of high-voltage electric breakdown; the field strength near the photocathode is not higher than 10MV/m, limited by electrical breakdown.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the streak tube has large noise and is easy to generate electric breakdown when the detection requirement of high time resolution is met at present, and provides an ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector and a use method thereof.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector is characterized in that: the device comprises a strip tube unit, a high-low voltage power supply system, a gating acceleration pulse generator, a scanning deflection signal generation circuit, a pulse feed-in circuit, a triggering system and a beam splitter;
the strip tube unit is arranged in the vacuum cavity and comprises a photocathode, an acceleration system, a focusing system, an anode system, a scanning deflection system and a fluorescent screen which are sequentially arranged along the electron transmission direction; the photocathode is used for generating photoelectronic images which are completely consistent with the time and space of the superoptical pulse signals to be detected; the acceleration system is used for providing direct current acceleration voltage for photoelectrons in a photoelectron image generated by the photocathode; the focusing system is used for focusing photoelectrons in the time and space directions; the anode system is used for correcting the distribution of photoelectrons in the photoelectron image in the time direction and providing an accelerating voltage; the scanning deflection system is used for providing a high-slope space-time scanning signal and converting the time information of the photoelectronic image into space information; the fluorescent screen is used for converting the photoelectronic image into an optical image;
the beam splitter is used for receiving the to-be-detected super-optical pulse signals and splitting the super-optical pulse signals into a first super-optical pulse signal and a second super-optical pulse signal; the second super-optical pulse signal enters a trigger system, and the first super-optical pulse signal enters a photocathode; one output end of the trigger system is connected with the gating acceleration pulse generator, and the other output end is connected with the scanning deflection signal generating circuit; the strobe acceleration pulse generator is used for generating a strobe acceleration voltage signal, and the scanning deflection signal generating circuit is used for generating a slope scanning signal; the output end of the gating acceleration pulse generator is connected with a pulse feed-in circuit, and the output end of the pulse feed-in circuit is connected with the input end of the photocathode; the output end of the scanning deflection signal generating circuit is connected with the scanning deflection system;
the output ends of the high-low voltage power supply system are respectively connected with the photocathode, the accelerating system, the focusing system, the anode system, the scanning deflection system and the fluorescent screen in the strip tube unit.
Further, the gating acceleration voltage signal waveform generated by the gating acceleration pulse generator is a sine wave or a sine wave with a shrunken top.
Further, the photocathode is a planar photocathode;
the accelerating system is a planar accelerating system.
Further, the photoelectric cathode is an S20 visible light cathode;
the accelerating system is a slit accelerating system.
Further, the focusing system is an electrostatic focusing system, a magnetic focusing system or an anisotropic focusing system.
Further, the output end of the anode system is provided with a slit, and the width of the slit is 10-100 μm.
Further, the scanning deflection system is a parallel plate deflector, a traveling wave deflector or a flat plate deflector.
Further, the high-low voltage power supply system is a push-pull power supply system or a resistor voltage division power supply system.
The invention also provides a use method of the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, starting a high-low voltage power supply system to supply power to a photocathode, an acceleration system, a focusing system, an anode system, a scanning deflection system and a fluorescent screen, and providing stable direct current voltage values for the photocathode, the acceleration system, the focusing system, the anode system, the scanning deflection system and the fluorescent screen, wherein the voltage V of the photocathode c Voltage V higher than the acceleration system m ；
The voltage difference between the photocathode and the acceleration system is V c-m And the streak tube unit is in a cut-off state;
s2, receiving an ultra-light pulse signal to be detected by a beam splitter, and dividing the ultra-light pulse signal into a first ultra-light pulse signal and a second ultra-light pulse signal;
the first super-light pulse signal is directly transmitted to the photoelectric cathode;
the second superoptical pulse signal is input into a triggering system, and the triggering system triggers a gating acceleration pulse generator to generate a gating acceleration voltage signal V g (t) triggering the scanning deflection signal generating circuit to generate a slope scanning signal;
gate pulse accelerating voltage signal V g (t) applying the pulse feed circuit to the photocathode to form an actual voltage value V of the photocathode g (t)+V c At the actual voltage value V g (t)+V c Under the action, the photoelectric cathode generates photoelectron images which are completely consistent with the time and space of the to-be-detected superoptical pulse signals according to the first beam of the to-be-detected superoptical pulse signals;
s3, accelerating the voltage signal V at the gating pulse g Under the action of (t), when the voltage V of the acceleration system m ≥V g (t)+V c The stripe tube unit is in a gating acceleration state;
photoelectrons of a photoelectron image generated by a photocathode move to an acceleration system, are focused in time and space directions by a focusing system, are accelerated by an anode system and are corrected in time directions, and enter a scanning deflection system;
s4, the scanning deflection system generates a slope scanning signal according to the triggering scanning deflection signal generating circuit and scans the photoelectric image at a scanning speed of more than 2c, wherein c is the light speed, and time information in the photoelectric image is converted into space information;
s5, transmitting the photoelectron image to a fluorescent screen by a scanning deflection system, and converting the electronic image into an optical image by the fluorescent screen to realize detection of the ultra-light pulse signal to be detected.
Further, in step S3, the strobe acceleration voltage signal V g The peak voltage of (t) is V c-m +10V～V c-m +50kV；
The slope of the ramp scan signal is higher than 10V/ps.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the use method of the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector provided by the invention, when an external optical signal to be detected is not available, the voltage of the photoelectric cathode is higher than the voltage of the acceleration system, and the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector is in a cut-off state; when the optical signal to be tested triggers the gating acceleration pulse generator, a gating acceleration voltage signal is generated and applied between the photocathode and the acceleration system through the pulse feed-in circuit, the photocathode voltage is direct-current voltage superposed with the gating acceleration voltage signal, high-voltage vacuum breakdown between the photocathode and the acceleration system can be avoided, and the direct-current voltage of the photocathode is lower than the acceleration system voltage, so that the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector can realize high time resolution diagnosis of an ultra-high speed process.
2. In the invention, the DC voltage of the photocathode is combined with the instantaneous gating pulse accelerating voltage signal, the stripe tube unit can obtain the accelerating voltage higher than 50kV/mm, and the physical time dispersion of the stripe tube unit can be reduced to below 20fs when the S20 photocathode with smaller time dispersion is adopted.
3. In the invention, the slit anode system can modulate the width and distribution of photoelectron pulse along the scanning direction, and can reduce the time dispersion of the streak tube unit to below 30fs by combining high scanning speed.
4. The adoption of the gating accelerating pulse generator can increase the energy of photoelectrons to at least 50keV, obviously shorten the transit time of the photoelectrons in the streak tube, increase the average speed of the photoelectron pulse in the streak tube and reduce the dynamic scanning time dispersion of the streak tube to below 10 fs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an ultra-high time resolution photodetector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic focusing type streak tube photodetector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a sine waveform of the strobe pulse accelerating voltage signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sine waveform with a top-down strobe accelerator voltage signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The appendage labels are as follows:
the device comprises a 1-photocathode, a 2-accelerating system, a 3-focusing system, a 4-anode system, a 5-scanning deflection system, a 6-fluorescent screen, a 7-high and low voltage power supply system, an 8-gating accelerating pulse generator, a 9-scanning deflection signal generating circuit, a 10-pulse feeding circuit, a 11-triggering system and a 12-beam splitter.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, an ultra-high time resolution photodetector comprises a striped tube unit, a high-low voltage power supply system 7, a gating acceleration pulse generator 8, a scanning deflection signal generating circuit 9, a pulse feeding circuit 10, a triggering system 11 and a beam splitter 12; the streak tube unit is disposed in the vacuum chamber and includes a photocathode 1, an acceleration system 2, a focusing system 3, an anode system 4, a scanning deflection system 5, and a screen 6, which are disposed in this order in the electron transport direction.
The photocathode 1 is a planar photocathode, and in this embodiment, an S20 visible photocathode is used to generate photoelectronic images completely consistent with the time and space of the superoptical pulse signal to be measured. The accelerating system 2 is a planar accelerating system, in this embodiment, a planar slit grid accelerating system is adopted, and a planar grid accelerating system may also be adopted, so as to provide a direct current accelerating voltage for photoelectrons of the photoelectron image generated by the photocathode 1, and the outer radius of the accelerating system 2 is equal to the outer radius of the photocathode 1. The focusing system 3 is an electrostatic focusing system, a magnetic focusing system or an anisotropic focusing system for focusing photoelectrons in the temporal and spatial directions. The anode system 4 is a slit-type anode system, the output end of which has slits, which are rectangular in shape along the electron transport direction, the rectangular slits being 8mm long by 10 μm wide in size, for providing an acceleration voltage and correcting the distribution of photoelectrons in the time direction. The scanning deflection system 5 is a parallel plate deflector, a traveling wave deflector or a flat plate deflector, and is used for providing a high-slope space-time scanning signal, converting time information into space information and obtaining an electronic image. The phosphor screen 6 is used to convert an electronic image into an optical image.
The beam splitter 12 is used for receiving the to-be-detected super-optical pulse signal and splitting the super-optical pulse signal into a first super-optical pulse signal and a second super-optical pulse signal; the second super-light pulse signal enters the triggering system 11, and the first super-light pulse signal enters the photocathode 1; one output end of the triggering system 11 is connected with the gating acceleration pulse generator 8, and the other output end is connected with the scanning deflection signal generating circuit 9; the strobe accelerator pulse generator 8 is configured to generate a strobe accelerator voltage signal having a sine wave or a sine wave with a reduced top, see fig. 3 and 4. The scanning deflection signal generating circuit 9 is used for generating a ramp scanning signal; the output end of the gating acceleration pulse generator 8 is connected with a pulse feed-in circuit 10, and the output end of the pulse feed-in circuit 10 is connected with the other input end of the photocathode 1; the output end of the scanning deflection signal generating circuit 9 is connected with the scanning deflection system 5; the pulse feed circuit 10 may employ separate electronic components or circuitry.
The output ends of the high-low voltage power supply system 7 are respectively connected with the photocathode 1, the accelerating system 2, the focusing system 3, the anode system 4, the scanning deflection system 5 and the fluorescent screen 6 in the strip tube unit, and specifically, the high-low voltage power supply system 7 is a push-pull power supply system or a resistor voltage division power supply system, and can generate 5-8 paths of high and low voltages.
The time resolution of the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector is better than 50fs, and the dynamic spatial resolution is higher than 30lp/mm within the effective detection range of the cathode of 6mm multiplied by 10 mu m.
The using method of the ultra-high time resolution photoelectric detector comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a high-low voltage power supply system 7 to supply power to a photocathode 1, an acceleration system 2, a focusing system 3, an anode system 4, a scanning deflection system 5 and a fluorescent screen 6, and providing stable direct current voltage values for the photocathode 1, the acceleration system 2, the focusing system 3, the anode system 4, the scanning deflection system 5 and the fluorescent screen 6, wherein the voltage V of the photocathode c Voltage V higher than the acceleration system m ；
The direct current voltage difference between the photocathode 1 and the acceleration system 2 is V c-m And the streak tube unit is in a cut-off state;
s2, the beam splitter 12 receives the to-be-detected super-optical pulse signal and divides the to-be-detected super-optical pulse signal into a first super-optical pulse signal and a second super-optical pulse signal;
the first superoptical pulse signal is directly transmitted to the photocathode 1;
the second super-light pulse signal is input into a triggering system 11, and the triggering system 11 triggers a gating acceleration pulse generator 8 to generate a gating acceleration voltage signal V g (t) and triggers the scan deflection signal generation circuit 9 to generate a ramp scan signal; gate pulse accelerating voltage signal V g The peak voltage of (t) is V c-m +10V～V c-m +50kV, slope of the slope scanning signal is higher than 10V/ps;
gate pulse accelerating voltage signal V g (t) applying to the photocathode 1 through the pulse feed circuit 10 to form an actual voltage value V of the photocathode 1 g (t)+V c At the actual voltage value V g (t)+V c Under the action, the photoelectric cathode 1 generates a first super-light pulse signal according to the first super-light pulse signal, and the time and space of the super-light pulse signal to be detected are completely the sameAn induced photoelectron image; accelerating the voltage signal V at the gating pulse g Under the action of (t), the energy of electrons emitted by the photocathode (1) is rapidly increased to 20-50 keV, so that on one hand, the physical time dispersion of electrons near the photocathode can be reduced; on the other hand, the transit time of photoelectrons can be shortened, and the time dispersion caused by space charge effect is reduced; in addition, the voltage value of the gating pulse accelerating voltage signal is far greater than the direct current voltage V of the photocathode 1 c Physical time dispersion near the photocathode 1 can be greatly reduced, and vacuum breakdown caused by direct-current high voltage is avoided.
S3, accelerating the voltage signal V at the gating pulse g Under the action of (t), when the voltage V of the acceleration system 2 m ≥V g (t)+V c The stripe tube unit is in a gating acceleration state; photoelectrons of the photoelectron image generated by the photocathode 1 move to the acceleration system 2, are focused in time and space directions by the focusing system 3, are accelerated by the anode system 4 and are corrected in time directions, and enter the scanning deflection system 5; the slit anode system can modulate the width and distribution of photoelectrons of a photoelectron image along the scanning direction, and can reduce the technical time dispersion of a streak tube to below 30fs by combining high scanning speed; the gating acceleration pulse generator 8 can increase the energy of photoelectrons to at least 50keV, obviously shorten the transit time of the photoelectrons in the streak tube, increase the average speed of the photoelectron pulse in the streak tube and reduce the dynamic scanning time dispersion of the streak tube to below 10 fs.
S4, the scanning deflection system 5 generates a slope scanning signal according to the triggering scanning deflection signal generating circuit 9, and scans the photoelectric image at a scanning speed greater than 2c, wherein c is the light speed, and the conversion from time information to space information in the photoelectric image is completed to obtain an electronic image;
s5, outputting the photoelectron image to the fluorescent screen 6 by the scanning deflection system 5, and converting the electronic image into an optical image by the fluorescent screen 6 to realize detection of the superoptical pulse signal to be detected.
The electrostatic focusing type streak tube ultrafast photodetector is taken as an example to describe in detail, and as shown in FIG. 2, resistance voltage division is adoptedThe high-voltage electrodes of all components of the strip tube are powered in a mode so as to ensure the normal operation of the strip tube. The voltage of the photocathode 1 is V c The voltage of the acceleration system 2 is V m The voltage of the single lens electrostatic focusing system is V respectively F1 ，V F2 ，V F3 Wherein V is F1 ＝V F3 =0v; the voltage of the anode system 4 is V A The pre-bias voltages of the scanning deflection system 5 are respectively V P1 And V P2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the light pulse signal to be measured is radiated to the triggering system 11, the strobe accelerating pulse generator 8 generates a strobe accelerating voltage signal V g (t) and trigger scan deflection signal generation circuit 9 generating ramp scan signal, V g (t) input to the photocathode 1 through a pulse feed circuit 10 and the original DC working voltage V of the photocathode 1 c Together form a new operating voltage V g (t)+V c 。
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-high time resolution photodetector, characterized by: the device comprises a stripe tube unit, a high-low voltage power supply system (7), a gating acceleration pulse generator (8), a scanning deflection signal generation circuit (9), a pulse feed-in circuit (10), a triggering system (11) and a beam splitter (12);
the strip tube unit is arranged in the vacuum cavity and comprises a photoelectric cathode (1), an acceleration system (2), a focusing system (3), an anode system (4), a scanning deflection system (5) and a fluorescent screen (6) which are sequentially arranged along the electron transmission direction; the photocathode (1) is used for generating photoelectronic images which are completely consistent with the time and space of the to-be-detected superoptical pulse signals; the acceleration system (2) is used for providing direct current acceleration voltage for photoelectrons in a photoelectron image generated by the photocathode (1); the focusing system (3) is used for focusing photoelectrons in the time and space directions; the anode system (4) is used for correcting the distribution of photoelectrons in the photoelectron image in the time direction and providing an accelerating voltage; the scanning deflection system (5) is used for providing a high-slope space-time scanning signal and converting the time information of the photoelectronic image into the space information; a phosphor screen (6) for converting the optoelectronic image into an optical image;
the beam splitter (12) is used for receiving the to-be-detected super-optical pulse signal and splitting the super-optical pulse signal into a first super-optical pulse signal and a second super-optical pulse signal; the second super-light pulse signal enters a triggering system (11), and the first super-light pulse signal enters a photocathode (1); one output end of the triggering system (11) is connected with the gating acceleration pulse generator (8), and the other output end is connected with the scanning deflection signal generating circuit (9); the strobe acceleration pulse generator (8) is used for generating a strobe acceleration voltage signal, and the scanning deflection signal generating circuit (9) is used for generating a slope scanning signal; the output end of the gating acceleration pulse generator (8) is connected with a pulse feed-in circuit (10), and the output end of the pulse feed-in circuit (10) is connected with the input end of the photocathode (1); the output end of the scanning deflection signal generating circuit (9) is connected with the scanning deflection system (5);
the output end of the high-low voltage power supply system (7) is respectively connected with the photocathode (1), the accelerating system (2), the focusing system (3), the anode system (4), the scanning deflection system (5) and the fluorescent screen (6) in the strip tube unit.
2. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 1, wherein:
the gating acceleration voltage signal waveform generated by the gating acceleration pulse generator (8) is a sine wave or a sine wave with a shrunken top.
3. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 2, wherein:
the photocathode (1) is a planar photocathode;
the accelerating system (2) is a planar accelerating system.
4. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 3, wherein:
the photocathode (1) is an S20 visible light cathode;
the accelerating system (2) is a slit accelerating system.
5. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 4, wherein:
the focusing system (3) is an electrostatic focusing system, a magnetic focusing system or an anisotropic focusing system.
6. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 5, wherein:
the output end of the anode system (4) is provided with a slit, and the width of the slit is 10-100 mu m.
7. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 6, wherein:
the scanning deflection system (5) is a parallel plate deflector, a traveling wave deflector or a flat folded plate deflector.
8. The ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 7, wherein:
the high-low voltage power supply system (7) is a push-pull power supply system or a resistor voltage division power supply system.
9. A method of using the ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, starting a high-low voltage power supply system (7) to supply power to a photocathode (1), an acceleration system (2), a focusing system (3), an anode system (4), a scanning deflection system (5) and a fluorescent screen (6), and providing stable direct current voltage for the photocathode (1), the acceleration system (2), the focusing system (3), the anode system (4), the scanning deflection system (5) and the fluorescent screen (6), wherein the voltage V of the photocathode c Voltage V higher than the acceleration system m ；
The voltage difference between the photocathode (1) and the acceleration system (2) is V c-m And the streak tube unit is in a cut-off state;
s2, a beam splitter (12) receives a to-be-detected super-optical pulse signal and divides the to-be-detected super-optical pulse signal into a first super-optical pulse signal and a second super-optical pulse signal;
the first super-light pulse signal is directly transmitted to the photocathode (1);
second super-optical pulse signal input contactA trigger system (11), the trigger system (11) triggers the strobe acceleration pulse generator (8) to generate a strobe acceleration voltage signal V g (t) and triggering a scanning deflection signal generating circuit (9) to generate a ramp scanning signal;
gate pulse accelerating voltage signal V g (t) is applied to the photocathode (1) by a pulse feed circuit (10) to form an actual voltage value V of the photocathode (1) g (t)+V c At the actual voltage value V g (t)+V c Under the action, the photocathode (1) generates photoelectronic images which are completely consistent with the time and space of the to-be-detected superoptical pulse signals according to the first beam of the to-be-detected superoptical pulse signals;
s3, accelerating the voltage signal V at the gating pulse g Under the action of (t), when the voltage V of the acceleration system (2) m ≥V g (t)+V c The stripe tube unit is in a gating acceleration state;
photoelectrons of a photoelectron image generated by the photocathode (1) move to the acceleration system (2), are focused in time and space directions by the focusing system (3), are accelerated by the anode system (4) and are corrected in time directions, and enter the scanning deflection system (5);
s4, a scanning deflection system (5) generates a slope scanning signal according to a trigger scanning deflection signal generating circuit (9) and scans the photoelectric image at a scanning speed of more than 2c, wherein c is the light speed, and time information in the photoelectric image is converted into space information;
s5, the scanning deflection system (5) transmits the photoelectron image to the fluorescent screen (6), and the fluorescent screen (6) converts the electronic image into an optical image, so that the detection of the superoptical pulse signal to be detected is realized.
10. The method of using an ultra-high time resolution photodetector of claim 9, wherein:
in step S3, the strobe acceleration voltage signal V g The peak voltage of (t) is V c-m +10V～V c-m +50kV；
The slope of the ramp scan signal is higher than 10V/ps.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117705851A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 北京大学 | Time-resolved cathode fluorescence and ultrafast scanning electronic imaging system |
| CN117705851B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-04-16 | 北京大学 | Time-resolved cathode fluorescence and ultrafast scanning electronic imaging system |
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