CN116466385A - High-time-resolution radiation flow detector and detection method based on electronic signal stretching - Google Patents
High-time-resolution radiation flow detector and detection method based on electronic signal stretching Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radiation flow detector and a detection method, in particular to a high-time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching and a detection method, which solve the technical problem of slow time response of the existing radiation flow detector. The radiation flow detector provided by the invention comprises an axial magnetic field, and a photocathode, a grid mesh, a microchannel plate and a collector anode which are sequentially arranged in the axial magnetic field along the radial direction, wherein a dynamic attenuation electric field for accelerating photoelectrons is applied between the photocathode and the grid mesh, the photoelectrons are accelerated through the dynamic attenuation electric field, and are then incident on the microchannel plate after being subjected to movement stretching for a period of time in a drift region, an ultrafast optical signal is converted into a longer time scale within a limited time by utilizing electron stretching, the time resolution of a system is improved, and different stretching magnification factors can be obtained by adjusting the dynamic attenuation electric field, so that the radiation flow detector is suitable for different system requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radiation flow detector and a detection method, in particular to a high-time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching and a detection method.
Background
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with an impulse response function of 100ps to 300ps are currently commonly used to measure the properties of the radiated signals in high energy density physical experiments such as laser fusion and Z-pinch. The conventional radiation flow detector consists of a photocathode, a microchannel plate (MCP) and an anode, and the working process is that radiation signals are incident on the photocathode of the detector, electrons are accelerated to be incident on the MCP from the photocathode, and the electrons are multiplied and amplified by the MCP and then received by the anode. The system generally adopts a close-fitting focusing mode, the distance between the photocathode and the MCP is about 1mm, the distance between the MCP and the anode is about 1mm, and voltages applied between the photocathode and the MCP, between the input surface of the MCP and the output surface of the MCP and between the output surface of the MCP and the anode are direct-current voltages. The system is limited by MCP transit time, and the best time response of the system can generally reach 200ps, so that the system is difficult to meet the requirement of ultra-fast signal detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of slow time response of the existing radiation flow detector and provides a high-time resolution radiation flow detector and a detection method based on electronic signal stretching.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching is characterized in that: the device comprises an axial magnetic field, a photocathode, a grid mesh, a microchannel plate and a collector anode, wherein the photocathode, the grid mesh, the microchannel plate and the collector anode are sequentially arranged in the axial magnetic field from an inlet end to an outlet end of the axial magnetic field;
the photocathode is used for receiving photon signals of radiation flow to be detected, which are incident from the axial magnetic field inlet end, and converting the photon signals into photoelectrons;
the area between the photocathode and the grid mesh is a cathode grid area, and a dynamic attenuation electric field is applied to the cathode grid area and is used for accelerating photoelectrons; the photocathode and the grid mesh are used as electrodes and are used for bearing a dynamic attenuation electric field;
the region between the grid mesh and the microchannel plate is a drift region, the photoelectrons are subjected to motion stretching in the drift region, then are incident to the microchannel plate, multiplied and amplified by the microchannel plate, and then are incident to the collector anode;
the collecting anode is used for collecting photoelectrons and outputting the photoelectrons from an axial magnetic field outlet end;
the axial magnetic field is used for overcoming the space charge effect in the process of drifting photoelectrons from the photocathode to the collector anode so as to ensure the focusing characteristic of electrons.
Further, the device also comprises a nonlinear high-voltage driving pulse generator which is matched with the photocathode and the grid mesh to form a dynamic attenuation electric field.
Further, the nonlinear high-voltage driving pulse generator is an avalanche pulse generator;
the avalanche pulse generator comprises a trigger splitter, N pulse generators with independently controllable amplitude and delay and a multipath synthesizer, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the amplitude of the pulse generator is realized by adjusting the power supply voltage, and the delay is realized by an internal counter;
the trigger branching device is provided with an input end and N output ends, and the N output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of the N pulse generators; the input end of the trigger splitter is used for connecting and receiving an external control signal, and amplifying power and distributing equal power to the external control signal;
the multipath synthesizer is provided with N input ends and an output end, and the N input ends are respectively connected with the output ends of the N pulse generators; the input end of the multiplexer is used for synthesizing driving pulse signals generated by the N pulse generators, and the output end of the multiplexer is connected with the photoelectric cathode.
Further, the pulse generator comprises a delay adjusting module and a unit pulse generating module connected with the delay adjusting module;
the input ends of the N delay adjusting modules are respectively connected with N output ends of the trigger splitter;
the output ends of the N unit pulse generating modules are respectively connected with N input ends of the multiplexer.
Further, the photocathode is arranged at a position close to the axial magnetic field inlet, and the collector anode is arranged at a position close to the axial magnetic field outlet;
the distance between the photocathode and the axial magnetic field inlet and the distance between the collector anode and the axial magnetic field outlet are equal to the diameter of the axial magnetic field.
Further, the axial magnetic field is an electron sparse constraint magnetic field;
the electronic sparse constraint magnetic field is a coil magnetic field wound by adopting a double-layer coil, and four layers of coils are wound at the inlet position and the outlet position.
Further, the distance between the photocathode and the grid mesh is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, the distance between the microchannel plate and the collector anode is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
The invention also provides a high-time-resolution radiation flow detection method based on the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, adjusting the position of a radiation flow detector to enable photon signals of the radiation flow to be detected to enter a photocathode along the setting direction of the radiation flow detector;
step 2, after receiving an incident photon signal of the radiation flow to be detected, the photoelectric cathode converts the photon signal into photoelectrons and emits the photoelectrons;
step 3, photoelectrons enter a cathode grid region after exiting from a photocathode, and enter a drift region through a grid mesh after being accelerated by a dynamic attenuation electric field;
step 4, enabling the accelerated photoelectrons to perform motion stretching for a period of time in the drift region at different motion speeds, and then making the accelerated photoelectrons enter a microchannel plate, and multiplying and amplifying the photoelectrons by the microchannel plate;
and 5, the photoelectrons subjected to multiplication and amplification are incident to a collector anode, the collector anode collects the incident photoelectrons and outputs the photoelectrons, and detection of photon signals of radiation flow is completed.
Further, before step 1, the method further comprises:
step A, adjusting the positions of a photocathode, a grid mesh, a microchannel plate and a collector anode in an axial magnetic field and dynamically attenuating the strength of an electric field;
step A.1, determining the electron stretching magnification according to the time resolution required by radiation flow detection by the following formula:
wherein T is MAG For the time resolution required for radiation flux detection, M is the electronic stretching magnification, T MCP The transit time for the microchannel plate;
step A.2, selecting the distance between the grid and the micro-channel plate and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field according to the following formula:
wherein L is the distance between the grid mesh and the micro-channel plate,to dynamically attenuate the slope of the electric field, V d Is the average velocity of the optoelectronic movement;
step A.3, adjusting the positions of the photocathode and the collector anode to enable the distance between the photocathode and the axial magnetic field inlet and the distance between the collector anode and the axial magnetic field outlet to be equal to the diameter of the axial magnetic field;
and A.4, adjusting the positions of the grid mesh and the micro-channel plate in the axial magnetic field according to the distance between the grid mesh and the micro-channel plate obtained in the step A.2 and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field, and dynamically attenuating the intensity of the electric field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, the photoelectric electrons are accelerated through the dynamic attenuation electric field, the electrons are stretched in a drift region for a period of time and then are injected onto a microchannel plate, and the ultra-fast optical signals are converted into longer time scales in a limited time by utilizing the electronic stretching, so that the time resolution of a system is improved;
2. in the high-time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, the avalanche pulse generator comprises a plurality of pulse generators with independently controllable amplitude and delay, and can output different front edges, rear edges and different shapes of cathode-grid driving pulses, so that different stretching amplification factors M are obtained;
3. in the high-time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, the coils at the outlet position of the axial magnetic field are four layers, so that the magnetic field intensity at the outlet position and the uniformity of the whole magnetic field can be improved;
4. in the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, the distance between the photocathode collector anode and the axial magnetic field outlet is equal to the diameter of the axial magnetic field, so that the non-uniformity of the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field outlet relative to the magnetic field center is ensured to be better than 10%, and the spatial resolution of the photocathode and the collection efficiency of the collector anode are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an avalanche pulser in a high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching provided by the invention;
the reference numerals are explained as follows:
1-a photocathode, 2-a grid mesh, 3-a microchannel plate, 4-a collector anode and 5-an axial magnetic field;
the system comprises a 6-trigger splitter, a 7-delay adjusting module, an 8-unit pulse generating module, a 9-multiplexing device and a 10-pulse generator.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, the following describes in further detail a high time resolution radiation flow detector and detection method based on electronic signal stretching as described in connection with the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching comprises an axial magnetic field 5, and a photocathode 1, a grid 2, a microchannel plate 3 and a collector anode 4 which are sequentially arranged from an inlet end to an outlet end in the axial magnetic field 5.
The photocathode 1 is used for receiving photon signals of radiation flow to be detected, which are incident from the inlet end of the axial magnetic field 5, and converting the photon signals into photoelectrons. The area between the photocathode 1 and the grid 2 is a cathode grid area, and a dynamic attenuation electric field is applied to the cathode grid area and is used for accelerating photoelectrons. The photocathode 1 and the grid 2 are used as electrodes for bearing dynamic attenuation electric fields, and the distance between the photocathode 1 and the grid 2 is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm. The area between the grid 2 and the microchannel plate 3 is a drift area, photoelectrons are accelerated, then are subjected to motion stretching in the drift area, then are incident to the microchannel plate 3, are multiplied and amplified by the microchannel plate 3, and then are incident to the collector anode 4. The collector anode 4 is used for collecting photoelectrons and outputting the photoelectrons from the outlet end of the axial magnetic field 5, and the distance between the microchannel plate 3 and the collector anode 4 is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm. The axial magnetic field 5 is used for overcoming the space charge effect in the process of drifting photoelectrons from the photocathode to the collector anode so as to ensure the electron focusing characteristic.
In order for electron stretching to have a linear time-shift characteristic, the modulation of electron velocity at the cathode region is linear over time, meaning that the voltage change at the cathode region must be nonlinear. Therefore, there is a need to design a sub-nanosecond nonlinear high-voltage drive pulse generator for the cathode-gate drive. In the embodiment, an avalanche pulse generator is adopted and is matched with the photocathode 1 and the grid mesh 2 to form a dynamic attenuation electric field.
As shown in FIG. 2, the avalanche pulser includes a trigger splitter 6, N pulse generators 10 of independently controllable amplitude and delay, where N.gtoreq.2, and a multiplexer 9. The trigger splitter 6 has one input end and N output ends, and the input end of the trigger splitter 6 is used for receiving an external control signal and performing power amplification and equal power distribution on the external control signal; the N output terminals are connected to the input terminals of the N pulse generators 10, respectively. The multiplexer 9 has N inputs connected to the outputs of the N pulse generators 10, respectively, and an output of the multiplexer 9 connected to the photocathode 1.
The amplitude of the pulse generator 10 is achieved by adjusting the supply voltage and the delay is achieved by a counter inside it. The pulse generator 10 comprises a delay adjustment module 7 and a unit pulse generation module 8 connected to the delay adjustment module 7. The input ends of the N delay adjustment modules 7 are input ends of a pulse generator 10 and are respectively connected with N output ends of the trigger splitter 6. The output ends of the N unit pulse generating modules 8 are the output ends of the pulse generator 10 and are respectively connected with N input ends of the multiplexer 9.
When a plurality of pulses of different amplitudes or different delay conditions are synthesized together, different leading and trailing edges, and different shapes of the cascade drive pulses can be output, thereby obtaining different stretching magnifications M.
The axial magnetic field 5 is an electron sparse constraint magnetic field, is a coil magnetic field formed by winding double-layer coils, and is formed by winding four layers of coils at the positions of outlets at two ends so as to improve the magnetic field intensity at the positions of outlets and the uniformity of the whole magnetic field. Meanwhile, in order to reduce stray magnetic fields and improve excitation efficiency of the system, the coil adopts a metal magnetic shielding.
The electron sparse constraint magnetic field is used for overcoming the electron space charge effect, is a long-magnetic uniform magnetic field, and is lower in strength as the electron sparse constraint magnetic field is closer to the outlet position of the magnetic field. To ensure the spatial resolution of the photocathode 1 and the collection efficiency of the collector anode 4, the non-uniformity of the magnetic field strength of the cathode and anode with respect to the magnetic field center is better than 10%.
The high-time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching is non-imaging equipment, so that the magnetic field intensity required for overcoming the space charge effect is greatly reduced compared with that of an imaging type, and only hundred gauss is required. If the cathode position is properly selected, it can act as a compensation for magnetic field uniformity. In the invention, the photocathode 1 is arranged at a position close to the inlet of the electron sparse constraint magnetic field 5, the collector anode 4 is arranged at a position close to the outlet of the electron sparse constraint magnetic field, and the distance between the photocathode 1 and the inlet of the electron sparse constraint magnetic field and the distance between the collector anode 4 and the outlet of the electron sparse constraint magnetic field are equal to the diameter of the electron sparse constraint magnetic field, so that the magnetic field non-uniformity of the photocathode is ensured to be better than 10%.
The working principle of the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching provided by the invention is as follows:
the incident radiation photon signal is converted into photoelectrons by the photocathode 1, the photoelectrons are accelerated by a dynamic attenuation electric field between the photocathode 1 and the grid 2, and the photoelectrons passing through the cathode grid area firstly have high speed and then have small speed, the photoelectrons after speed dispersion enter a drift area, the photoelectrons entering the drift area are stretched after a period of movement due to different speeds and then enter a microchannel plate 3, and the photoelectrons are multiplied and amplified by the microchannel plate 3 and then enter a collector anode 4 and are output.
As known from the system operating principle, the system time resolution can be expressed as:
wherein T is MAG For the time resolution of the high time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, M is the electronic stretching magnification, T MCP Is MCP transit time.
According to the formula, the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching can improve the time resolution of the system by M times.
Let t be 0 And t 1 At the moment, photoelectrons are emitted from the photocathode 1 into the cathode grid region in sequence, so that the incident time is separated by t 1 -t 0 The magnification of the two photoelectrons after stretching can be expressed as:
wherein L is the distance between the grid 2 and the microchannel plate 3,to dynamically attenuate the slope of the electric field, V d Is the average velocity of the optoelectronic movement.
As can be seen from the above formula, the electron stretching magnification M of the electron signal stretching-based high-time resolution radiation flow detector provided by the invention depends on the average speed of the photoelectron movement, the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field and the distance of the electron stretching movement.
The electronic stretching magnification M is determined according to the time resolution required by the system, and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric fieldThe distance L between the grid 2 and the microchannel plate 3 is adaptively selected according to the determined electronic stretching magnification M and the application scene and the implementation difficulty.
The high-time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching can improve the time resolution of an original system by M times, and can effectively improve the system bandwidth of the detector in a short time. The technology plays a great role in a laser fusion (ICF) experiment and even helps to improve the level of the whole ultra-fast diagnosis technology.
The invention also provides a high-time-resolution radiation flow detection method based on the high-time-resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, which comprises the following steps:
step A, adjusting the positions of the photocathode 1, the grid 2, the microchannel plate 3 and the collector anode 4 in the axial magnetic field 5 and dynamically attenuating the strength of the electric field;
and A.1, determining the electron stretching magnification according to the time resolution required by radiation flow detection by the following formula:
wherein T is MAG For the time resolution required for radiation flux detection, M is the electronic stretching magnification, T MCP Is the transit time of the microchannel plate 3;
step A.2, selecting the distance between the grid 2 and the micro-channel plate 3 and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field according to the following formula:
wherein L is the distance between the grid 2 and the microchannel plate 3,to dynamically attenuate the slope of the electric field, V d Is the average velocity of the optoelectronic movement;
step A.3, adjusting the positions of the photocathode 1 and the collector anode 4 to enable the distance between the photocathode 1 and the inlet of the axial magnetic field 5 and the distance between the collector anode 4 and the outlet of the axial magnetic field 5 to be equal to the diameter of the axial magnetic field 5;
and step A.4, adjusting the positions of the grid 2 and the micro-channel plate 3 in the axial magnetic field 5 and the strength of the dynamic attenuation electric field according to the distance between the grid 2 and the micro-channel plate 3 and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field obtained in the step A.2.
And step 1, adjusting the position of a radiation flow detector to enable photon signals of the radiation flow to be detected to enter the photocathode 1 along the setting direction of the radiation flow detector.
And step 2, after receiving an incident photon signal of the radiation flow to be detected, the photocathode 1 converts the photon signal into photoelectrons and emits the photoelectrons.
And 3, enabling photoelectrons to enter a cathode grid region after exiting from the photocathode 1, and entering a drift region through a grid 2 after being accelerated by a dynamic attenuation electric field.
And 4, enabling the accelerated photoelectrons to enter the microchannel plate 3 after being subjected to motion stretching for a period of time in the drift region at different motion speeds, and multiplying and amplifying the photoelectrons by the microchannel plate 3.
And 5, the photoelectrons subjected to multiplication and amplification are incident to the collector anode 4, and the collector anode 4 collects the incident photoelectrons and outputs the photoelectrons to finish detection of photon signals of radiation flow.
Claims (10)
1. A high time resolution radiation flow detector based on electronic signal stretching, characterized in that: comprises an axial magnetic field (5), a photocathode (1), a grid mesh (2), a microchannel plate (3) and a collector anode (4) which are sequentially arranged from an inlet end to an outlet end in the axial magnetic field (5);
the photocathode (1) is used for receiving photon signals of radiation flow to be detected, which are incident from the inlet end of the axial magnetic field (5), and converting the photon signals into photoelectrons;
the area between the photocathode (1) and the grid mesh (2) is a cathode grid area, and a dynamic attenuation electric field is applied to the cathode grid area and is used for accelerating photoelectrons; the photocathode (1) and the grid mesh (2) are used as electrodes and are used for bearing a dynamic attenuation electric field;
the region between the grid mesh (2) and the microchannel plate (3) is a drift region, photoelectrons are subjected to motion stretching in the drift region and then are incident to the microchannel plate (3), multiplied and amplified by the microchannel plate (3) and then are incident to the collector anode (4);
the collecting anode (4) is used for collecting photoelectrons and outputting the photoelectrons from an outlet end of the axial magnetic field (5);
the axial magnetic field (5) is used for overcoming the space charge effect in the process of drifting photoelectrons from the photocathode (1) to the collector anode (4).
2. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in claim 1 wherein: and a nonlinear high-voltage driving pulse generator for generating the dynamic attenuation electric field.
3. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the nonlinear high-voltage driving pulse generator is an avalanche pulse generator;
the avalanche pulse generator comprises a trigger splitter (6), N pulse generators (10) with independently controllable amplitude and delay and a multiplexer (9), wherein N is more than or equal to 2;
the trigger splitter (6) is provided with an input end and N output ends, and the N output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of N pulse generators (10); the input end of the trigger splitter (6) is used for connecting an external control signal and carrying out power amplification and equal power distribution on the external control signal;
the multiplexer (9) is provided with N input ends and an output end, and the N input ends are respectively connected with the output ends of the N pulse generators (10); the multiplexer (9) is used for synthesizing driving pulse signals generated by the N pulse generators (10), and the output end of the multiplexer (9) is connected with the photocathode (1).
4. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the pulse generator (10) comprises a delay adjusting module (7) and a unit pulse generating module (8) connected with the delay adjusting module (7);
the input ends of the N delay adjusting modules (7) are respectively connected with N output ends of the trigger splitter (6);
the output ends of the N unit pulse generation modules (8) are respectively connected with N input ends of the multiplexer (9).
5. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the photoelectric cathode (1) is arranged at a position close to the inlet of the axial magnetic field (5), and the collector anode (4) is arranged at a position close to the outlet of the axial magnetic field (5);
the distance between the photocathode (1) and the inlet of the axial magnetic field (5) and the distance between the collector anode (4) and the outlet of the axial magnetic field (5) are equal to the diameter of the axial magnetic field (5).
6. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in claim 5 wherein: the axial magnetic field (5) is an electron sparse constraint magnetic field;
the electronic sparse constraint magnetic field is a coil magnetic field wound by adopting a double-layer coil, and four layers of coils are wound at the inlet position and the outlet position.
7. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the distance between the photocathode (1) and the grid mesh (2) is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
8. The electronic signal stretching-based high time resolution radiation flow detector as set forth in claim 7 wherein: the distance between the microchannel plate (3) and the collector anode (4) is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
9. A method of high time resolution radiation flow detection based on an electronic signal stretch based high time resolution radiation flow detector according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
step 1, adjusting the position of a radiation flow detector to enable photon signals of the radiation flow to be detected to enter a photocathode (1) along the setting direction of the radiation flow detector;
step 2, after receiving an incident photon signal of a radiation flow to be detected, the photocathode (1) converts the photon signal into photoelectrons and emits the photoelectrons;
step 3, photoelectrons enter a cathode grid region after exiting from a photocathode (1), and enter a drift region through a grid mesh (2) after being accelerated by a dynamic attenuation electric field;
step 4, enabling the accelerated photoelectrons to perform motion stretching for a period of time in the drift region at different motion speeds, and then making the accelerated photoelectrons enter a microchannel plate (3), and multiplying and amplifying the photoelectrons by the microchannel plate (3);
and 5, the photoelectrons subjected to multiplication and amplification are incident to a collector anode (4), and the collector anode (4) collects the incident photoelectrons and outputs the photoelectrons to finish detection of photon signals of radiation flow.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising, prior to step 1:
step A, adjusting the positions of a photocathode (1), a grid (2), a microchannel plate (3) and a collector anode (4) in an axial magnetic field (5), and dynamically attenuating the intensity of an electric field;
step A.1, determining the electron stretching magnification according to the time resolution required by radiation flow detection by the following formula:
wherein T is MAG For the time resolution required for radiation flux detection, M is the electronic stretching magnification, T MCP Is the transit time of the microchannel plate (3);
step A.2, selecting the distance between the grid (2) and the microchannel plate (3) and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field according to the following formula:
wherein L is the distance between the grid (2) and the microchannel plate (3),to dynamically attenuate the slope of the electric field, V d Is the average velocity of the optoelectronic movement;
step A.3, adjusting the positions of the photocathode (1) and the collector anode (4) to enable the distance between the photocathode (1) and the inlet of the axial magnetic field (5) and the distance between the collector anode (4) and the outlet of the axial magnetic field (5) to be equal to the diameter of the axial magnetic field (5);
and A.4, adjusting the positions of the grid (2) and the micro-channel plate (3) in the axial magnetic field (5) and the strength of the dynamic attenuation electric field according to the distance between the grid (2) and the micro-channel plate (3) obtained in the step A.2 and the slope of the dynamic attenuation electric field.
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