CN116396580A - 一种pvb胶片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种pvb胶片及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116396580A CN116396580A CN202310295647.0A CN202310295647A CN116396580A CN 116396580 A CN116396580 A CN 116396580A CN 202310295647 A CN202310295647 A CN 202310295647A CN 116396580 A CN116396580 A CN 116396580A
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- pvb film
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940124543 ultraviolet light absorber Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine;2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine;2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N.ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCCCCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- CYCYSJGJOIJFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-dipentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC(CCCCC)=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 CYCYSJGJOIJFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWSMKYBKUPAEJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Chloro-2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O UWSMKYBKUPAEJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 [ methyl-beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] pentaerythritol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMHHYBUEZRZGDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 DMHHYBUEZRZGDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQDJSFVRBAXBCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-4-yl)-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(C=2C=3N=NNC=3C=CC=2Cl)=C1O JQDJSFVRBAXBCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Irganox 1098 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NCCCCCCNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 OKOBUGCCXMIKDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013084 building-integrated photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- OEIWPNWSDYFMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C=C1 OEIWPNWSDYFMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJAJDJDODCWPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dotp Chemical compound O=C1N2CCOC2=NC2=C1SC=C2 BJAJDJDODCWPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYVZEPLDLPYECM-XUTLUUPISA-N octadecyl (e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 QYVZEPLDLPYECM-XUTLUUPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
- C08K5/134—Phenols containing ester groups
- C08K5/1345—Carboxylic esters of phenolcarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3435—Piperidines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
- C08K5/526—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用。一种PVB胶片，包括以下质量份的制备原料：PVB树脂100份、增塑剂30‑40份、紫外线吸收剂0.4‑1.2份、光稳定剂0.2‑2份、抗氧剂0.2‑2份、偶联剂0.0005‑0.005份；所述增塑剂包括三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯，所述三甘醇二异辛酸酯和所述磷酸三辛酯的质量比为(2‑4)：1。本发明的PVB胶片具有较高的体积电阻率和较好的耐候性，在长时间户外低温高湿环境下其绝缘性能没有明显下降，耐老化性能优异，且封装效果优良，可作为光伏组件封装用，能够保证光伏组件长时间高效率的运行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏组件封装材料技术领域，具体涉及一种PVB胶片及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在全球能源成本日渐升高的背景下，光伏产业正逐渐兴起，普通光伏组件封装用的胶一般为EVA，然而它也有不容忽视的缺点：抗老化性能较差，胶膜易黄化，难以满足25年的使用寿命，不能与组件同寿命而且EVA发黄将会影响组件的美观和系统的发电量。而PVB膜具有透明、耐热、耐寒、耐湿，机械强度高等特性，并已经成熟应用于太阳能光伏组件的封装。国内玻璃幕墙规范也明确提出“应用PVB”的规定。BIPV光伏组件采用PVB代替EVA可达到更长的使用寿命。
PVB在夹层安全玻璃上具有优异的性能，例如，光学透明度、可调整的玻璃粘合力、抗强撞击、抗紫外线和温度的稳定性。出于安全考虑，越来越多的国家开始只采用以PVB膜作为封装材料的双玻璃光伏组件。作为太阳能电池封装材料，除了要具有良好的力学性能，还必须有较好的耐老化性能、良好的绝缘性能。因此，优异的耐老化性能和导热绝缘性是保证太阳能电池的封装质量和长期使用性能的关键。然而，由于PVB对于水的亲和性，在长期的高温高湿条件下，其吸收的水分会导致其绝缘性急剧下降，从而造成光伏组件的电学性能测试不合格，出现湿漏电流过大，功率衰减过大等。
因此，为了满足PVB胶片在光伏组件封装中的应用，需要进一步提高体积电阻率和耐候性能。
发明内容
为了克服现有PVB胶片无法满足光伏组件封装中的应用的问题，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种PVB胶片；本发明的目的之二在于提供这种PVB胶片的制备方法；本发明的目的之三在于提供这种PVB胶片的应用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是：
本发明第一方面提供了一种PVB胶片，包括以下质量份的制备原料：PVB树脂100份、增塑剂30-40份、紫外线吸收剂0.4-1.2份、光稳定剂0.2-2份、抗氧剂0.2-2份、偶联剂0.0005-0.005份；
所述增塑剂包括三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯，所述三甘醇二异辛酸酯和所述磷酸三辛酯的质量比为(2-4)：1。
发明人研究发现，通过添加极性较强的分子内支链较多的增塑剂，可以作为光伏组件封装PVB胶片的增塑剂，相比于单独使用三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂，可以大幅提高的PVB胶片的体积电阻率。
磷酸三辛酯虽然有良好的低温柔顺性，电绝缘性能好，但是磷酸三辛酯迁移大，塑化性能较差，故应用受到限制，添加量不宜过大，只是作为辅助增塑剂与主增塑剂混合使用。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述增塑剂还可以包括DEHP(邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯)、DOP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯)、DOTP(对苯二甲酸二辛酯)、DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)中的至少一种。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述PVB胶片中的PVB树脂的含量为70-75wt％。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述PVB树脂的羟基含量为16-22wt％；进一步优选的，所述PVB树脂的羟基含量为18-20wt％。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述紫外线吸收剂包括二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、三嗪类紫外线吸收剂中的至少一种；进一步优选的，所述紫外线吸收剂为苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂；再进一步优选的，所述紫外线吸收剂包括2-(2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-P)、(2’-羟基-3’-叔丁基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯代苯并三唑(UV-326)、2-(2’-羟基-3’,5’-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯代苯并三唑(UV-327)、2-(2’-羟基-3’,5’-二戊基苯基)苯并三唑(UV-328)中的至少一种；更进一步优选的，所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-326。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述光稳定剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂；所述光稳定剂包括4-苯甲酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(光稳定剂744)、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯(Tinuvin770)、光稳定剂LA-68、光稳定剂LA-62、Chimassorb 944中的至少一种；进一步优选的，所述光稳定剂为光稳定剂744。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的混合物；所述受阻酚类抗氧剂包括2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚(BHT)、β-(4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸正十八脂(抗氧剂1076)、四[甲基-β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]季戊四醇脂(抗氧剂1010)、N,N’-六亚甲基双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酰胺)(抗氧剂1098)、三甘醇双-3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙烯酸脂(抗氧剂245)中的至少一种；所述亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂包括二苯基异辛基亚磷酸酯(ODPP)、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)脂(抗氧剂168)、亚磷酸双酚A脂、亚磷酸三苯酯(TPP)中的至少一种；进一步优选的，所述受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的质量比为1：(0.5-2)；再进一步优选的，所述受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的质量比为1：(0.8-1.2)。
进一步优选的，所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168的组合物。
优选的，这种PVB胶片中，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；所述硅烷偶联剂包括γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷(A-187)、β-(3,4，环氧环已基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷(A-186)、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(A-1120)中的至少一种。
本发明的PVB胶片还可根据需要而含有阻燃剂、抗静电剂、颜料、染料、表面活性剂、荧光增白剂等添加剂。这些添加剂既可以单独使用，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
本发明第二方面提供了上述PVB胶片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将增塑剂组分混合得到增塑剂混合物；
2)将紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗氧剂、偶联剂与所述增塑剂混合物混合，然后加入PVB树脂，通过挤出机进行塑化挤出，得到所述PVB胶片。
优选的，PVB胶片的制备方法中，步骤2)中，所述塑化挤出的温度为150-170℃；进一步优选的，所述塑化挤出的温度为155-165℃。
本发明第三方面提供了上述PVB胶片在光伏组件封装材料制备中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的PVB胶片具有较高的体积电阻率和较好的耐候性，在长时间户外低温高湿环境下其绝缘性能没有明显下降，耐老化性能优异，且封装效果优良，可作为光伏组件封装用，能够保证光伏组件长时间高效率的运行。
本发明的PVB胶片，使用增塑剂3GO(三甘醇二异辛酸酯)作为主增塑剂，和极性强的多分子支链的TOP(磷酸三辛酯)作为辅助增塑剂，大幅提高PVB胶片的体积电阻率的同时透光率、粘结强度不受影响，显著提高封装膜的电学性能。同时还添加受阻胺类光稳定剂，与酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类辅助抗氧剂并用，协同作用大幅提高了PVB胶片的耐候性，能够保证光伏组件长时间在户外恶劣的环境下运行。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的内容作进一步详细的说明。实施例和对比例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明，均可从常规商业途径得到，或者可以通过现有技术方法得到。除非特别说明，试验或测试方法均为本领域的常规方法。
以下实施例和对比例中的“份”均指“质量份”。
实施例1
本实施例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)混合增塑剂：将75份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂与25份磷酸三辛酯增塑剂混合均匀。
2)将以下重量份的原料溶解于三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂中：紫外线吸收剂UV-326 0.8份、光稳定剂744 0.8份、抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
3)将上述步骤2)所得组合物38份、PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，即得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
实施例2
本实施例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)混合增塑剂：将80份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂与20份磷酸三辛酯增塑剂混合均匀。
2)将以下重量份的原料溶解于三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂中：紫外线吸收剂UV-326 0.8份、光稳定剂744 0.8份、抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
3)将上述步骤2)所得组合物38份、PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，即得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
实施例3
本实施例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)混合增塑剂：将67份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂与33份磷酸三辛酯增塑剂混合均匀。
2)将以下重量份的原料溶解于三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂中：紫外线吸收剂UV-326 0.8份、光稳定剂744 0.8份、抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
3)将上述步骤2)所得组合物38份、PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，即得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
对比例1
本对比例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)混合增塑剂：将67份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂与33份磷酸三辛酯增塑剂混合均匀。
2)将以下重量份的原料溶解于三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂中：抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
3)将上述步骤2)所得组合物38份、PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，即得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
对比例2
本对比例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)混合增塑剂：将67份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂与33份磷酸三辛酯增塑剂混合均匀。
2)将以下重量份的原料溶解于三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂中：紫外线吸收剂UV-326 0.8份、光稳定剂744 0.8份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
3)将上述三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂组合物38份、PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，既得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
对比例3
本对比例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)将以下重量份的原料溶解于100份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂中：紫外线吸收剂UV-3260.8份、光稳定剂744 0.8份、抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
2)将上述三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂组合物38份与PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，既得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
对比例4
本对比例的PVB胶片的制备方法具体实施步骤如下：
1)混合增塑剂：将57份三甘醇二异辛酸酯增塑剂与43份磷酸三辛酯增塑剂混合均匀。
2)将以下重量份的原料溶解于三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯混合增塑剂中：紫外线吸收剂UV-326 0.8份，抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份、光稳定剂744 0.8份、硅烷偶联剂A-187 0.003份。
3)将上述步骤2)所得组合物38份、PVB树脂粉100份通过160℃的双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，即得光伏组件封装的PVB胶片。
性能测试
(1)体积电阻率测试
根据GB/T 1410-2006测定PVB胶片的体积电阻率，测试时，充电15s，60s后读取数据。
(2)耐老化试验
评价所得PVB胶片合成安全玻璃经受一定时间的紫外线辐射后，外观质量以及力学性能是否出现变化。
装置：耐辐照试验机、电子万能试验机
辐照光源：无臭氧石英管式水银蒸汽弧光灯。灯壳的轴应是垂直的。灯的标称尺寸是长360mm，直径9.5mm，电弧长300mm±14mm，工作功率750w±50w。
三块76×300mm试验片置试样于离灯轴230mm处的装置上，并使其长度方向上与灯轴平行，以1-5r/min的速度绕着设置在轴心的辐照源旋转，以保证均匀辐照。在整个试验中保持试样温度45±5℃。辐照时间为10天。辐照后置试样于白色背景上再观察试样外观是否出现变化。使用电子万能试验机检测试样耐老化后拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率。
(3)增塑剂析出
将实验例PVB胶片样品依次摆放在装有硫酸的干燥器中，放置5天后，取出依次称其质量m1。再将干燥后(称后)的样品，依次摆在装有水的干燥器中，放置7天，用滤纸将样品表面的水分吸干，再放入硫酸干燥器中干燥5天后，取出依次称其质量为m2。性能测试结果见下表1。
增塑剂析出量＝(m1-m2)/m1×100％，取四个样的增塑剂析出量平均值为检验结果。
表1
本发明中由于添加磷酸三辛酯增塑剂，有效提高了光伏组件封装PVB胶片的体积电阻率；本发明还在胶片体系中加入受阻胺类光稳定剂，该光稳定剂能够清除自由基、切断自动氧化链式反应，与紫外线吸收剂和抗氧剂并用具有协同作用，显著提高了PVB胶片的耐候性能。通过对比例4可知，磷酸三辛酯增塑剂可以增加体积电阻率，但是也不能添加过多，添加过多时，增塑剂与树脂粉相容性变差，析出。
以上实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种PVB胶片，其特征在于，包括以下质量份的制备原料：PVB树脂100份、增塑剂30-40份、紫外线吸收剂0.4-1.2份、光稳定剂0.2-2份、抗氧剂0.2-2份、偶联剂0.0005-0.005份；
所述增塑剂包括三甘醇二异辛酸酯和磷酸三辛酯，所述三甘醇二异辛酸酯和所述磷酸三辛酯的质量比为(2-4)：1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述PVB胶片中的PVB树脂的含量为70-75wt％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述PVB树脂的羟基含量为16-22wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述紫外线吸收剂包括二苯甲酮类、苯并三唑类、三嗪类紫外线吸收剂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述光稳定剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂；所述光稳定剂包括4-苯甲酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、光稳定剂LA-68、光稳定剂LA-62、Chimassorb 944中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的PVB胶片，其特征在于，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；所述硅烷偶联剂包括γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三乙氧基硅烷、β-(3,4，环氧环已基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
8.权利要求1至7任意一项所述的PVB胶片的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将增塑剂组分混合得到增塑剂混合物；
2)将紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗氧剂、偶联剂与所述增塑剂混合物混合，然后加入PVB树脂，通过挤出机进行塑化挤出，得到所述PVB胶片。
9.根据权利要求8所述的PVB胶片的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述塑化挤出的温度为150-170℃。
10.权利要求1至7任意一项所述的PVB胶片在光伏组件封装材料制备中的应用。
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