CN116377359A - Processing technology for improving damage tolerance performance of titanium alloy - Google Patents
Processing technology for improving damage tolerance performance of titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN116377359A CN116377359A CN202310426805.1A CN202310426805A CN116377359A CN 116377359 A CN116377359 A CN 116377359A CN 202310426805 A CN202310426805 A CN 202310426805A CN 116377359 A CN116377359 A CN 116377359A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology for improving damage tolerance performance of a titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps: 1. performing multiple firing cogging and high-temperature forging on the titanium alloy cast ingot at a temperature above the transformation point temperature, and performing air cooling to obtain a titanium alloy forging intermediate; 2. performing final forging at a temperature above the phase transition point on the intermediate of the titanium alloy forging, and cooling to obtain the titanium alloy forging; 3. cooling after solution treatment; 4. and (5) air cooling after aging treatment to obtain a titanium alloy forging product. According to the invention, through final forging above the phase transition point temperature and adopting a water cooling mode for cooling, and combining with solution aging treatment, a fine alpha phase microstructure distributed in a basket is formed under a proper beta grain size, and finer secondary alpha sheet layers are separated out between fine alpha photo layers to form a composite basket structure, so that a titanium alloy forge piece finished product has higher strength and good plasticity and toughness, and the application requirement of high-strength damage tolerance type titanium alloy is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optimizing the comprehensive performance of titanium alloy, and particularly relates to a processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of titanium alloy.
Background
Titanium alloy is an important structural metal material developed in the 50 s of the last century, and has wide application in the aerospace field. With the change of new generation aircraft design concepts, the damage tolerance performance (including fatigue crack growth rate and fracture toughness) of materials gradually becomes an important index for checking whether the materials can meet structural design. In the alloy design process, the damage tolerance level is also kept at a certain level while the strength of the titanium alloy is effectively improved, so that the high-strength damage tolerance type titanium alloy becomes an important development direction of the titanium alloy for the structure.
In recent years, in order to improve the damage tolerance performance of titanium alloys, the β forging process is widely replacing the conventional forging process at a considerably rapid rate. The basket structure obtained by the beta forging process is characterized in that the direction of cracks is continuously changed when the cracks are bundled in different bit directions alpha due to the existence of a large number of staggered lamellar alpha phases, so that crack paths are bent and branched, the total length of the cracks is increased, more energy is consumed for expansion, and the basket structure has higher crack expansion resistance, so that the fracture toughness is high and the fatigue crack expansion rate is low. Therefore, basket tissue is generally the preferred object when considering high strength and high damage tolerance designs. However, the basket structure has the defect of greatly reducing the tensile strength and the plasticity at room temperature, and how the microstructure characteristics of the material are controlled by the high-strength titanium alloy through the beta forging process so as to achieve the performance advantage of the basket structure, avoid the defect of lower plasticity, solve the contradiction between the alloy strength and the plasticity and the toughness, and have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy aiming at the defects in the prior art. According to the process, through final forging above the phase transition point temperature and water cooling, and combining solid solution and aging treatment, a fine alpha phase microstructure distributed in a basket is formed under the beta grain size, and finer secondary alpha sheet layers are separated out between fine alpha photo layers to form a composite basket structure, so that a titanium alloy forge piece finished product has higher strength, good plasticity and toughness, and simultaneously has lower fatigue crack expansion rate, and the problem that the traditional basket structure greatly reduces room-temperature tensile plasticity is solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a processing technology for improving damage tolerance performance of titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cogging and high-temperature forging are carried out on a titanium alloy cast ingot with multiple fires at a temperature above the transformation point, three upsetting and three drawing are carried out in the forging process, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, so that a titanium alloy forging intermediate is obtained;
step two, performing final forging with the temperature above the transformation point on the intermediate of the titanium alloy forging obtained in the step one, performing three upsetting and three drawing in the forging process, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the titanium alloy forging;
thirdly, carrying out solution treatment on the titanium alloy forging piece obtained in the second step, and then cooling to room temperature;
and step four, aging treatment is carried out on the titanium alloy forging finished product subjected to air cooling in the step three, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, so that the titanium alloy forging product is obtained.
The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy is characterized in that the heat preservation temperature of the final forging in the second step is 10-50 ℃ above the phase transition point temperature of the finished titanium alloy forging, and the heat preservation time t= (d multiplied by 0.6+23) min to (d multiplied by 0.6+30) min, wherein d is the cross section diameter of the intermediate of the titanium alloy forging, and the unit is mm.
The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy is characterized in that the cooling mode after final forging in the second step is water cooling.
The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy is characterized in that the temperature of the solution treatment in the third step is 760-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 h, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy is characterized in that the temperature of the aging treatment in the fourth step is 580-620 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4-8 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, final forging above the phase transition point temperature is selected, and the final forging is cooled to the room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode, and a fine alpha phase microstructure distributed in a basket is formed under the condition of combining with a proper beta grain size obtained by solution treatment, so that the titanium alloy forging finished product is guaranteed to have good plasticity, the fracture toughness of the titanium alloy forging finished product is improved, then a finer secondary alpha sheet layer is separated out between fine alpha photo layers through ageing treatment, a composite basket structure is formed, the titanium alloy forging finished product is guaranteed to have certain strength, and finally the defect that the conventional basket structure greatly reduces room temperature tensile plasticity is obviously overcome, and meanwhile, the strength, plasticity and damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy forging finished product are optimized.
2. According to the invention, the temperature of final forging is limited to be 10-50 ℃ above the phase transition point temperature of the titanium alloy forging finished product, so that the size of beta grains in the titanium alloy forging finished product is strictly controlled, meanwhile, a water cooling process is adopted after final forging, the precipitation and growth of alpha phases in secondary crystals are effectively inhibited, and needle-shaped alpha is precipitated at the beta grain boundary, so that the alpha sheet layer is finer after subsequent solution aging treatment, and the dispersion strengthening effect is stronger.
3. The finished titanium alloy forging processed by the process has higher strength, good plasticity and toughness, and lower fatigue crack propagation rate, breaks through the limitation that the strength, the plasticity and the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy are difficult to be well matched, and meets the application requirements of the high-strength damage tolerance titanium alloy.
4. The processing technology of the invention is suitable for forging and heat treatment processes of near-beta type or metastable beta type high-strength titanium alloy forgings, and has wide application range and high practical value.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure chart (100) of a Ti5321 alloy forging obtained by finish forging water cooling in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure (500) of a Ti5321 alloy forging obtained by solution and aging treatment in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing fatigue crack growth rate of the Ti5321 alloy forging finished products obtained by solid solution and aging treatment in examples 1-2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, performing multiple-firing cogging and high-temperature forging on a Ti5321 alloy cast ingot, wherein the first-firing cogging forging heat preservation temperature is 1150 ℃, the second-firing forging heat preservation temperature is 1050 ℃, the third-firing forging heat preservation temperature is 910 ℃, the forging heat preservation time is 2 hours, and each firing forging process is performed with three upsetting and three drawing, and then air cooling is performed to room temperature to obtain a Ti5321 alloy forged piece intermediate;
step two, final forging is carried out on the intermediate of the Ti5321 alloy forging piece obtained in the step one, three upsetting and three drawing are carried out in the forging process, and then water cooling is carried out to room temperature, so that the Ti5321 alloy forging piece is obtained; the final forging has a heat preservation temperature of 910 ℃, the diameter d of the cross section of the intermediate body of the Ti5321 alloy forging is 150mm, and the heat preservation time t=120 min;
thirdly, carrying out solid solution treatment on the Ti5321 alloy forging obtained in the second step, and then air-cooling to room temperature; the temperature of the solution treatment is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
step four, aging the Ti5321 alloy forging subjected to air cooling in the step three, and then air cooling to room temperature to obtain a Ti5321 alloy forging finished product; the temperature of the aging treatment is 580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Fig. 1 is a microstructure chart (x 100) of a Ti5321 alloy forging obtained by final forging and water cooling in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that, after the forging process in this example is adopted, the microstructure of the Ti5321 alloy forging is composed of elongated β crystal grains and acicular α pieces which are elongated and parallel to the drawing direction, the β crystal grains are very uneven in size and vary in size from 100 μm to 600 μm, the grain boundaries are relatively blurred and are not easily distinguished, and many fine α pieces exist in the interior of the elongated β crystal grains, which are nucleated and grown in the water cooling process after forging, and are hardly distinguishable under a metallographic microscope due to the small size.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure chart (x 500) of a Ti5321 alloy forging product obtained after solution and aging treatment in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the microstructure of the Ti5321 alloy forging product after the forging and solution aging heat treatment process in this embodiment is composed of elongated β crystal grains, discontinuous grain boundaries α, cluster domain structures and intra-crystalline α of basket structures, and belongs to a composite basket structure, so that the Ti5321 alloy forging product has higher strength, good plasticity and toughness, and lower fatigue crack growth rate.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, performing multiple-firing cogging and high-temperature forging on a Ti5321 alloy cast ingot, wherein the first-firing cogging forging heat preservation temperature is 1150 ℃, the second-firing forging heat preservation temperature is 1050 ℃, the third-firing forging heat preservation temperature is 910 ℃, the forging heat preservation time is 2 hours, and each firing forging process is performed with three upsetting and three drawing, and then air cooling is performed to room temperature to obtain a Ti5321 alloy forged piece intermediate;
step two, final forging is carried out on the intermediate of the Ti5321 alloy forging piece obtained in the step one, three upsetting and three drawing are carried out in the forging process, and then water cooling is carried out to room temperature, so that the Ti5321 alloy forging piece is obtained; the heat preservation temperature of final forging is 870 ℃, the diameter d of the cross section of the intermediate body of the Ti5321 alloy forging is 150mm, and the heat preservation time t=120 min;
thirdly, carrying out solid solution treatment on the Ti5321 alloy forging obtained in the second step, and then air-cooling to room temperature; the temperature of the solution treatment is 760 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1h;
step four, aging the Ti5321 alloy forging subjected to air cooling in the step three, and then air cooling to room temperature to obtain a Ti5321 alloy forging finished product; the temperature of the aging treatment is 620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 hours.
After the forging process of the embodiment is adopted, the microstructure of the Ti5321 alloy forging consists of elongated beta grains and needle-shaped alpha sheets, wherein the elongated beta grains are parallel to the drawing direction, the beta grains are quite uneven in size and are unequal in size of 100-600 mu m, the grain boundary is relatively fuzzy and difficult to distinguish, and a plurality of fine alpha sheets exist in the elongated beta grains, which are nucleated and grow up in the water cooling process after forging, and are almost indistinguishable under a metallographic microscope due to the small size.
After detection, the microstructure of the Ti5321 alloy forging finished product is formed by the elongated beta grains, discontinuous grain boundaries alpha, cluster domain structures and intra-crystal alpha of the basket structures by adopting the forging and solid solution aging heat treatment process of the embodiment, and belongs to a composite basket structure, so that the Ti5321 alloy forging finished product has higher strength, good plasticity and toughness and lower fatigue crack propagation rate.
The mechanical properties of the Ti5321 alloy forging products obtained by solid solution and aging treatment in examples 1 to 2 of the present invention were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the Ti5321 alloy forging obtained by forging and solution aging heat treatment of the invention has higher strength and good plasticity and toughness.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the fatigue crack growth rate of the Ti5321 alloy forging finished product obtained by solid solution and aging treatment in examples 1 to 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the Ti5321 alloy forging finished product obtained by forging and solid solution aging heat treatment of the present invention has a lower fatigue crack growth rate.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A processing technology for improving damage tolerance performance of titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cogging and high-temperature forging are carried out on a titanium alloy cast ingot with multiple fires at a temperature above the transformation point, three upsetting and three drawing are carried out in the forging process, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, so that a titanium alloy forging intermediate is obtained;
step two, performing final forging with the temperature above the transformation point on the intermediate of the titanium alloy forging obtained in the step one, performing three upsetting and three drawing in the forging process, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the titanium alloy forging;
thirdly, carrying out solution treatment on the titanium alloy forging piece obtained in the second step, and then cooling to room temperature;
and step four, aging treatment is carried out on the titanium alloy forging finished product subjected to air cooling in the step three, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature, so that the titanium alloy forging product is obtained.
2. The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the final forging in the second step is 10-50 ℃ above the phase transition point temperature of the finished titanium alloy forging product, and the heat preservation time t= (d×0.6+23) min to (d×0.6+30) min, wherein d is the cross section diameter of the intermediate of the titanium alloy forging product, and the unit is mm.
3. The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the cooling mode after final forging in the second step is water cooling.
4. The process for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment in the third step is 760-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-2 h, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
5. The processing technology for improving the damage tolerance performance of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment in the fourth step is 580-620 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4-8 h.
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| CN202310426805.1A CN116377359A (en) | 2023-04-20 | 2023-04-20 | Processing technology for improving damage tolerance performance of titanium alloy |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06212378A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-08-02 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Treatment of beta type titanium alloy hot formed product |
| CN104313524A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-28 | 西北有色金属研究院 | TC4-DT titanium alloy rod processing method |
| CN104451491A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Preparation method of Ti12LC titanium alloy forge piece |
| CN107099764A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-29 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of Technology for Heating Processing for improving titanium alloy forging damage tolerance performance |
| US20230018970A1 (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-19 | Central South University | Titanium Alloy with a Gradient Microstructure and Preparation Method Thereof |
-
2023
- 2023-04-20 CN CN202310426805.1A patent/CN116377359A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06212378A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1994-08-02 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Treatment of beta type titanium alloy hot formed product |
| CN104313524A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-28 | 西北有色金属研究院 | TC4-DT titanium alloy rod processing method |
| CN104451491A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Preparation method of Ti12LC titanium alloy forge piece |
| CN107099764A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-29 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of Technology for Heating Processing for improving titanium alloy forging damage tolerance performance |
| US20230018970A1 (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-19 | Central South University | Titanium Alloy with a Gradient Microstructure and Preparation Method Thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王庆娟 等: "金属塑性加工概论", 31 December 2015, 冶金工业出版社, pages: 213 * |
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