CN116372667A - On-machine direct detection device and method for side edge grinding morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method - Google Patents
On-machine direct detection device and method for side edge grinding morphology of end mill based on fusion machine vision method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-machine direct detection device and method for side edge grinding morphology of an end mill based on a fusion machine vision method. The on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of the end mill comprises a sliding rail, a horizontal telescopic frame and a double-sensor detection device; the slide rail comprises an X-axis slide rail and a Z-axis slide rail, the X-axis slide rail is fixed on the side wall of the numerical control machine tool, the Z-axis slide rail is connected to an execution slide block of the X-axis slide rail, and a horizontal expansion bracket is arranged on the execution slide block of the Z-axis slide rail; the tail end of the horizontal expansion bracket is fixed with a double-sensor detection device; the double-sensor detection device comprises a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera; the horizontal expansion bracket is driven to expand and contract in the Y direction; the upper computer controls the double-sensor detection device to move through the motion controller. And sending an instruction to the motion controller through the upper computer, controlling the double-sensor detection device to move in the X direction and the Z direction in the space, and displaying, acquiring and processing the data acquired by the double-sensor detection device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of on-machine detection of end mills of numerical control machine tools in mechanical technology, in particular to a device and a method for realizing on-machine automatic detection of the abrasion of the end mill of the numerical control machine tool by combining double sensors.
Background
In the conventional method, the wear state of the end mill is measured only by the VB value of the wear strip width, and the complex mechanical and thermal environment in the cutting process causes the wear area of the end mill to have strong irregularity, so that more comprehensive and multidimensional wear geometric characteristics of the end mill are required to be used as the wear state judgment index of the end mill. Since the 21 st century, with the development of image processing technology and the widespread use of CDD image sensors, more and more students acquire end mill wear images by placing end mill on a microscope or laboratory bench, which makes the detection time longer and increases human error in the detection process; some students obtain three-dimensional features of worn end mills by means of 3D optical surface profilers, which are costly and complex to operate.
Therefore, there is a need to develop an on-machine detection device and method that can quickly, simply and intuitively obtain the multidimensional wear geometric characteristics of an end mill, so as to realize accurate evaluation of the wear state of the end mill.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the device and the technical defects existing in the prior detection device technology, and provides an on-machine automatic detection device and method for the wear of an end mill based on a numerical control machine, which realize the automatic measurement of the wear of the end mill by controlling a motion system and assisting control of a numerical control program by an upper computer; through the double-sensing detection device combining the line laser diameter scanner and the industrial camera, multidimensional geometric characteristic data of the wear of the end mill can be obtained, and a more comprehensive and visual judgment basis can be provided for the identification of the wear state of the end mill.
The invention provides an on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of an end mill based on a fusion machine vision method, which comprises an upper computer, a motion controller, a sliding rail, a horizontal telescopic frame and a double-sensor detection device; the sliding rail comprises an X-axis sliding rail and a Z-axis sliding rail, the X-axis sliding rail is fixed on the side wall of the numerical control machine tool, the Z-axis sliding rail is connected to an execution sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail, and the execution sliding block of the Z-axis sliding rail is provided with the horizontal telescopic frame so as to realize free movement of the telescopic frame in the Z direction; the tail end of the horizontal expansion bracket is fixedly provided with the double-sensor detection device; the dual-sensor detection device comprises a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera; the horizontal expansion bracket is driven to expand and contract in the Y direction so as to realize free movement of the double-sensor detection device in the Y direction; the upper computer sends an instruction to the motion controller, the motion controller controls the horizontal telescopic frame and the sliding rail to move, the dual-sensor detection device is controlled to move in space to directly acquire end mill wear data in real time, and the upper computer displays, acquires and processes the end mill wear data acquired by the dual-sensor detection device, wherein the end mill wear data comprises end mill wear area diameter laser data and end mill cutting side sharpening image data; when the upper computer processes data, an image processing technology is utilized to extract images of the wearing area of the end mill, and the grinding loss of the cutting side edge of the end mill is obtained, wherein the grinding loss comprises a maximum wearing width value and an area value of the cutting side edge of the end mill; obtaining an end mill edge wear depth based on end mill wear zone diameter laser data; establishing the relation between the gray value of an image of a wear area of the end mill and the wear depth of the end mill, obtaining the wear depth value of the whole wear area, and obtaining the wear volume; and establishing a corresponding relation between the diameter laser data of the end mill abrasion area and the image of the end mill abrasion area, realizing three-dimensional modeling of the end mill abrasion area, and obtaining the multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantity of the end mill abrasion.
And the X-axis sliding rail and the Z-axis sliding rail of the sliding rail are provided with limit sensors for controlling the movement position of the execution slide block on the sliding rail.
The industrial camera comprises a charge coupling element, a lens and an annular light source, wherein the annular light source is arranged at the front end of the lens and is used for adjusting illumination intensity; the rear end of the lens is provided with the charge coupling element, and the centers of the annular light source, the lens and the charge coupling element are positioned on the same axis.
The industrial camera is connected with the position adjusting support through the support, the position adjusting support is provided with an adjusting knob, and the shooting position distance of the camera can be finely adjusted through adjusting the knob on the position adjusting support.
The position adjusting support is arranged below the fixed support seat, the industrial camera is positioned on the side surface of the fixed support seat from the side surface, and the line laser diameter scanner is arranged at the front end of the fixed support seat; and the free end of the horizontal expansion bracket is provided with the fixed supporting seat.
The line laser diameter scanner and the industrial camera are arranged on the fixed supporting seat at a preset position distance so as to ensure that interference phenomenon can not occur in the detection process. The axis of the industrial camera is perpendicular to the axis of the shank of the end mill to be detected.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an on-machine direct detection method for the side-edge grinding profile of an end mill according to the on-machine direct detection device for the side-edge grinding profile of an end mill, comprising the steps of:
(1) The method comprises the steps that an upper computer sends an instruction to a motion controller, an execution slide block is controlled to move on a slide rail, the double-sensor detection device is controlled to move in the X direction and the Z direction in space, the horizontal expansion frame is controlled to expand and contract in the Y direction, the double-sensor detection device is moved to a detection position, the movement positions of the execution slide block of the X-axis slide rail and the Z-axis slide rail and the expansion amount of the horizontal expansion frame are recorded respectively, and the calibration of the measurement position is completed;
controlling the end mill to be detected to move to an image shooting position through a numerical control system of a numerical control machine tool, adjusting the angle and shooting distance of an industrial camera, rotating a cutter handle until the industrial camera obtains a complete and clear side edge image of the end mill to be detected, recording the position coordinate of the cutter handle on a machine tool coordinate system at the moment, and finishing the initial position calibration of the image detection of the end mill;
controlling a motion system and a machine tool spindle to move, enabling a detected end mill to be located above a detection area of a line laser diameter scanner, controlling the machine tool spindle to move from top to bottom in the Z-axis direction, recording the position coordinates of a slide rail executing slide block, the expansion and contraction amount of a horizontal expansion and contraction frame and the position coordinates of the end mill to be detected on a numerical control machine at the moment when data appear on a display of the line laser diameter scanner to detect end position data of the end mill, and completing initial position calibration of line laser detection;
(2) Acquiring image data of four cutting side edges of an end mill to be detected through an industrial camera; when the image data of four cutting side edges are acquired, after the initial position calibration is carried out through the image detection of the end mill, the numerical control system of the numerical control machine controls the main shaft of the numerical control machine to rotate for 90 degrees for two seconds, so that the image data of the four cutting side edges of the end mill to be detected are acquired;
(3) Acquiring diameter data of a wear area of the end mill by a line laser diameter scanner; when diameter data of a wear area of the end mill is obtained, after calibration of an initial position of warp laser detection, a numerical control system controls a cutter handle to rotate, and the cutter handle moves downwards by 1.5 times of a cutting depth distance along the Z-axis direction at a step length of 0.02mm to obtain diameter data of one circle of a cross section of each step length;
(4) Transmitting the cutting side edge image data obtained in the step (2) and the end mill abrasion area diameter laser data obtained in the step (3) to the upper computer, and extracting an end mill abrasion area image by the upper computer by utilizing an image processing technology to obtain the end mill cutting side edge abrasion quantity, wherein the end mill cutting side edge abrasion quantity comprises a maximum abrasion width value and an area value of an end mill cutting side edge; obtaining an end mill edge wear depth based on end mill wear zone diameter laser data; establishing the relation between the gray value of an image of a wear area of the end mill and the wear depth of the end mill, obtaining the wear depth value of the whole wear area, and obtaining the wear volume; and establishing a corresponding relation between the diameter laser data of the end mill abrasion area and the image of the end mill abrasion area, realizing three-dimensional modeling of the end mill abrasion area, and obtaining the multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantity of the end mill abrasion.
The method comprises the steps of filtering and denoising the obtained end mill cutting side edge image data, dividing an end mill abrasion image, extracting edges, obtaining a maximum abrasion width value and an area value of an end mill cutting side edge, and obtaining the end mill cutting side edge abrasion amount.
Wherein the wear depth of the edge of the end mill is obtained by comparing the diameter d of the end mill with the diameter d of the end mill in the initial state of the end mill by using the laser data of the diameter of the wear area of the end mill 0 To obtain the knifeA depth of wear value at the blade; the abrasion depth value of the cutting edge is the same as the difference delta d.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the on-machine automatic detection end mill abrasion detection device controlled by the numerical control system and the upper computer realizes on-machine measurement of the end mill abrasion by means of control of the upper computer on the motion system and auxiliary control of the numerical control system, reduces the time for detecting the end mill abrasion to a certain extent, and avoids human errors in the detection process.
2. The detection device can obtain the geometric characteristics of the end mill in multiple dimensions by utilizing a line laser technology and a machine vision technology, and provides a more comprehensive and reliable judgment basis for further analyzing the wear mechanism and the wear state identification of the end mill.
3. The detection device provided by the invention has a simple structure, better stability and capability of realizing quick, accurate and automatic on-machine wear detection of the end mill.
4. The invention fuses the line laser data with the end mill abrasion image data, provides a simpler and faster three-dimensional modeling method for the end mill abrasion volume, and has the intuitiveness and visualization of detection data and wide application potential in the future intelligent manufacturing environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of an end mill based on a fusion machine vision method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual-sensor detection device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of the end mill based on the fusion machine vision method comprises an upper computer, a motion controller, a sliding rail 2, a horizontal telescopic frame 3 and a double-sensor detection device 4; the slide rail 2 comprises an X-axis slide rail 2-1 and a Z-axis slide rail 2-2, the Z-axis slide rail 2-2 is arranged on an execution slide block of the X-axis slide rail 2-1, and the X-axis slide rail is fixed on the side wall of the numerical control machine through a fixed support 8; the fixed end of the horizontal expansion bracket 3 is perpendicular to the Z-axis sliding rail 2-2 and is arranged on an execution slide block of the Z-axis sliding rail 2-2.
In the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the dual-sensor detecting device 4 includes a fixed support 9, a line laser diameter scanner 10 and an industrial camera 11, wherein the industrial camera 11 includes a charge coupled device 11-1, a lens 11-4, an annular light source 11-3, and a position adjusting support 11-2. The annular light source 11-3 is arranged at the front end of the lens 11-3 and used for adjusting illumination intensity, the charge coupled device 11-1 is arranged at the rear end of the lens 11-3, the centers of the charge coupled device 11-1 and the charge coupled device are located on the same axis, the whole camera 11 is connected with the position adjusting support 12 through the support 11-2, and fine adjustment of the shooting distance of the camera can be achieved through a knob on the position adjusting support 12.
The position adjusting support 12 is arranged below the fixed support seat 9, so that the camera 11 is positioned on the side surface of the fixed support seat, and the line laser diameter scanner 10 is arranged at the front end of the fixed support seat 9; the free end of the horizontal expansion bracket 3 is provided with the fixed supporting seat 9; the axis of the industrial camera 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the tool shank 5, at a predetermined distance from the line laser diameter scanner 10.
Wherein, the fixed support 8 is of an L-shaped structure and plays a role in fixing and supporting, and the fixed support 9 is preferably of an L-shaped structure.
Wherein, limit sensors 7 are respectively arranged at two ends of the X-axis slide rail 2-1 and the Z-axis slide rail 2-2.
During detection, the upper computer is used for sending an instruction to the motion controller to control the position movement of the detection device; the method comprises the steps of sending an instruction to a motion controller through an upper computer, controlling the sliding rail 2 and the horizontal telescopic frame 3 to move, moving the dual-sensor detection device 4 to a detection position, controlling the cutter handle 5 to move by means of a numerical control system, completing image data and laser data acquisition of a wear area of the end mill 6, transmitting the acquired data to the upper computer, and utilizing an image processing technology and a data fusion method, thereby realizing three-dimensional modeling of the wear of the end mill and extraction of multidimensional geometric features of the wear of the end mill.
In some embodiments, when the upper computer processes the data, the image processing technology is used to extract the image of the worn area of the end mill, so as to obtain the sharpening amount of the cutting side edge of the end mill, including the maximum wearing width value and the area value of the cutting side edge of the end mill; obtaining an end mill edge wear depth based on end mill wear zone diameter laser data; establishing the relation between the gray value of an image of a wear area of the end mill and the wear depth of the end mill, obtaining the wear depth value of the whole wear area, and obtaining the wear volume; and establishing a corresponding relation between the diameter laser data of the end mill abrasion area and the image of the end mill abrasion area, realizing three-dimensional modeling of the end mill abrasion area, and obtaining the multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantity of the end mill abrasion.
Through the technical means, the detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention has better stability, can acquire the multidimensional geometric characteristics of the wear of the end mill, and realizes the automation, rapidness, visualization and accuracy of the on-machine wear detection of the end mill.
When the detection is carried out, the steps of calibrating the initial shooting position of the industrial camera and the initial detection position of the alignment laser are as follows:
the upper computer sends an instruction to the motion controller to control the sliding rail 2 and the horizontal telescopic frame 3 to move, the dual-sensor detection device 4 is moved to the main shaft position of the machine tool, the axis of the end mill 6 is vertical to the axis of the industrial camera 11, the knob and the camera angle of the position adjustment seat 12 are finely adjusted to enable the side edge image of the end mill to be clearly displayed, and at the moment, the position coordinates of the sliding rail 2 executing sliding blocks, the telescopic amount of the horizontal telescopic frame 3 and the position coordinates of the end mill 6 on the numerical control machine tool are recorded, so that the initial position calibration of the shooting of the industrial camera is completed;
then, the motion system and the machine tool spindle 5 are controlled to move, the detected end mill is located above the detection area of the line laser diameter scanner 10, the machine tool spindle is controlled to slowly move from top to bottom in the Z-axis direction, when data appear on the display of the line laser scanner, the position coordinates of the slide rail execution slide block, the expansion and contraction amount of the horizontal expansion and contraction frame 3 and the position coordinates of the end mill 6 on the numerical control machine are recorded for detecting the end mill end position data, and the line laser detection initial position calibration is completed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the steps of acquiring data by using a machine vision technology through an industrial camera are as follows:
after the initial position is calibrated, the numerical control system of the numerical control machine controls the main shaft of the numerical control machine to rotate for 90 degrees for two seconds, so that the image data of the side edges of the four cutting edges of the end mill to be measured are obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the step of acquiring data by using a line laser technology through a line laser diameter scanner is as follows:
after the initial position is calibrated, the numerical control system controls the cutter handle to rotate slowly, and the cutter handle moves downwards by 1.5 times of the cutting depth distance along the Z-axis direction with the step length of 0.02mm, so that diameter data of one circle of the cross section of each step length is obtained.
By using the detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the side edge grinding state data of the end mill under the same working condition is obtained by on-machine detection, and the detection device comprises the following steps: end mill wear zone diameter laser data and end mill cutting side edge wear image data.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the processing procedure of the detected data by the upper computer includes the following steps:
(1) Obtaining an end mill cutting side edge wear amount based on the end mill cutting side edge wear image data using an image processing technique:
the obtained end mill wear image (end mill cutting side edge wear image) is subjected to preprocessing such as filtering and noise reduction, and then the end mill wear image is divided and edge extraction is performed, so that the maximum wear width value and the area value of the end mill cutting side edge are obtained, and the end mill cutting side edge wear amount is obtained.
(2) Obtaining the wear depth at the end mill edge using laser data (end mill wear zone diameter laser data):
comparing the diameter d of the end mill with the diameter d of the initial state of the end mill 0 The difference Δd of (a) to obtain the wear depth value Δh at the edge as shown in the following formula:
Δd＝d 0 -d (1)
Δh≈Δd (2)
(3) Establishing a relation between an end mill abrasion area image gray value and an end mill abrasion depth value according to the end mill abrasion area image obtained in the step (1) and the abrasion depth of the end mill blade obtained in the step (2), so as to obtain an abrasion depth value of the whole abrasion area, namely an abrasion volume; and establishing a corresponding relation between the diameter laser data of the end mill abrasion area and the image of the end mill abrasion area, realizing three-dimensional modeling of the end mill abrasion area, and obtaining the multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantity of the end mill abrasion.
Wherein, in order to ensure that the grinding image of the cutting side edge of the complete end mill is obtained, the working distance of the industrial camera 11 is 85-320 mm; the line laser diameter scanner 3 has a measurement accuracy of + -0.5 μm, and a laser scanning area width larger than the diameter of the end mill to be inspected, and a scanning distance 1.5 times the cutting depth of the end mill.
Wherein, in order to ensure the measuring precision of the diameter value of the end mill, the end mill should be positioned at the center of the scanning area during detection.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, and is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting.
Numerous specific modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the claims, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of the end mill based on the fusion machine vision method is characterized by comprising an upper computer, a motion controller, a sliding rail, a horizontal expansion bracket and a double-sensor detection device; the sliding rail comprises an X-axis sliding rail and a Z-axis sliding rail, the X-axis sliding rail is fixed on the side wall of the numerical control machine tool, the Z-axis sliding rail is connected to an execution sliding block of the X-axis sliding rail, and the execution sliding block of the Z-axis sliding rail is provided with the horizontal telescopic frame so as to realize free movement of the telescopic frame in the Z direction; the tail end of the horizontal expansion bracket is fixedly provided with the double-sensor detection device; the dual-sensor detection device comprises a line laser diameter scanner and an industrial camera; the horizontal expansion bracket is driven to expand and contract in the Y direction so as to realize free movement of the double-sensor detection device in the Y direction; the upper computer sends an instruction to the motion controller, the motion controller controls the horizontal telescopic frame and the sliding rail to move, the dual-sensor detection device is controlled to move in space to directly acquire end mill wear data in real time, and the upper computer displays, acquires and processes the end mill wear data acquired by the dual-sensor detection device, wherein the end mill wear data comprises end mill wear area diameter laser data and end mill cutting side sharpening image data; when the upper computer processes data, an image processing technology is utilized to extract images of the wearing area of the end mill, and the grinding loss of the cutting side edge of the end mill is obtained, wherein the grinding loss comprises a maximum wearing width value and an area value of the cutting side edge of the end mill; obtaining an end mill edge wear depth based on end mill wear zone diameter laser data; establishing the relation between the gray value of an image of a wear area of the end mill and the wear depth of the end mill, obtaining the wear depth value of the whole wear area, and obtaining the wear volume; and establishing a corresponding relation between the diameter laser data of the end mill abrasion area and the image of the end mill abrasion area, realizing three-dimensional modeling of the end mill abrasion area, and obtaining the multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantity of the end mill abrasion.
2. The on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of the end mill based on the fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein limit sensors are installed on an X-axis sliding rail and a Z-axis sliding rail of the sliding rail and used for controlling the movement position of the execution slide block on the sliding rail.
3. The on-machine direct detection device for end mill side sharpening morphology based on the fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein the industrial camera comprises a charge coupled element, a lens and an annular light source, wherein the annular light source is arranged at the front end of the lens and is used for adjusting illumination intensity; the rear end of the lens is provided with the charge coupling element, and the centers of the annular light source, the lens and the charge coupling element are positioned on the same axis.
4. The on-machine direct detection device for end mill side sharpening morphology based on a fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein the industrial camera is connected with a position adjusting support through a bracket, a knob is adjusted on the position adjusting support, and the shooting position distance of the camera can be finely adjusted through adjusting the knob on the position adjusting support.
5. The on-machine direct detection device for the side edge grinding morphology of the end mill based on the fusion machine vision method according to claim 4, wherein the position adjusting support is arranged below the fixed support seat, the industrial camera is positioned on the side surface of the fixed support seat from the side surface, and the line laser diameter scanner is arranged at the front end of the fixed support seat; and the free end of the horizontal expansion bracket is provided with the fixed supporting seat.
6. The on-machine direct end mill side sharpening morphology detection device based on the fusion machine vision method according to claim 5, wherein the line laser diameter scanner and the industrial camera are mounted on a fixed support at a predetermined positional distance to ensure that no interference phenomenon occurs during the detection process.
7. The on-machine direct detection device for end mill side sharpening morphology based on fusion machine vision method according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the industrial camera is perpendicular to the axis of the shank of the end mill to be detected.
8. An on-machine direct end mill side sharpening morphology detection method of the on-machine direct end mill side sharpening morphology detection device of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) The method comprises the steps that an upper computer sends an instruction to a motion controller, an execution slide block is controlled to move on a slide rail, the double-sensor detection device is controlled to move in the X direction and the Z direction in space, the horizontal expansion frame is controlled to expand and contract in the Y direction, the double-sensor detection device is moved to a detection position, the movement positions of the execution slide block of the X-axis slide rail and the Z-axis slide rail and the expansion amount of the horizontal expansion frame are recorded respectively, and the calibration of the measurement position is completed;
controlling the end mill to be detected to move to an image shooting position through a numerical control system of a numerical control machine tool, adjusting the angle and shooting distance of an industrial camera, rotating a cutter handle until the industrial camera obtains a complete and clear side edge image of the end mill to be detected, recording the position coordinate of the cutter handle on a machine tool coordinate system at the moment, and finishing the initial position calibration of the image detection of the end mill;
controlling a motion system and a machine tool spindle to move, enabling a detected end mill to be located above a detection area of a line laser diameter scanner, controlling the machine tool spindle to move from top to bottom in the Z-axis direction, recording the position coordinates of a slide rail executing slide block, the expansion and contraction amount of a horizontal expansion and contraction frame and the position coordinates of the end mill to be detected on a numerical control machine at the moment when data appear on a display of the line laser diameter scanner to detect end position data of the end mill, and completing initial position calibration of line laser detection;
(2) Acquiring image data of four cutting side edges of an end mill to be detected through an industrial camera; when the image data of four cutting side edges are acquired, after the initial position calibration is carried out through the image detection of the end mill, the numerical control system of the numerical control machine controls the main shaft of the numerical control machine to rotate for 90 degrees for two seconds, so that the image data of the four cutting side edges of the end mill to be detected are acquired;
(3) Acquiring diameter data of a wear area of the end mill by a line laser diameter scanner; when diameter data of a wear area of the end mill is obtained, after calibration of an initial position of warp laser detection, a numerical control system controls a cutter handle to rotate, and the cutter handle moves downwards by 1.5 times of a cutting depth distance along the Z-axis direction at a step length of 0.02mm to obtain diameter data of one circle of a cross section of each step length;
(4) Transmitting the cutting side edge image data obtained in the step (2) and the end mill abrasion area diameter laser data obtained in the step (3) to the upper computer, and extracting an end mill abrasion area image by the upper computer by utilizing an image processing technology to obtain the end mill cutting side edge abrasion quantity, wherein the end mill cutting side edge abrasion quantity comprises a maximum abrasion width value and an area value of an end mill cutting side edge; obtaining an end mill edge wear depth based on end mill wear zone diameter laser data; establishing the relation between the gray value of an image of a wear area of the end mill and the wear depth of the end mill, obtaining the wear depth value of the whole wear area, and obtaining the wear volume; and establishing a corresponding relation between the diameter laser data of the end mill abrasion area and the image of the end mill abrasion area, realizing three-dimensional modeling of the end mill abrasion area, and obtaining the multi-dimensional geometric characteristic quantity of the end mill abrasion.
9. The on-machine direct detection method of end mill side edge wear morphology according to claim 8, wherein the obtained end mill cutting side edge image data is subjected to filtering and noise reduction preprocessing, and then the end mill wear image is divided and edge extraction is performed, so that a maximum wear width value and an area value of the end mill cutting side edge are obtained, and the end mill cutting side edge wear amount is obtained.
10. The on-machine direct detection method of end mill side sharpening morphology according to claim 8, wherein the end mill edge wear depth is obtained using end mill wear zone diameter laser data by comparing the end mill diameter d with the diameter value d at the initial state of the end mill 0 To obtain a wear depth value at the edge; the abrasion depth value of the cutting edge is the same as the difference delta d.
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