CN116369313A - 一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116369313A CN116369313A CN202310357259.0A CN202310357259A CN116369313A CN 116369313 A CN116369313 A CN 116369313A CN 202310357259 A CN202310357259 A CN 202310357259A CN 116369313 A CN116369313 A CN 116369313A
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- difenoconazole
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,是将苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配,辅以润湿分散剂、防冻剂、结构调节剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、消泡剂等助剂而得。基于苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯的原药特性,本发明通过实验摸索将MK‑5011、MK‑8040和BYK‑2012组合使用作为润湿分散剂,在制备时,先将苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别利用润湿分散剂配制得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与剩余的其他组分混合砂磨,获得的悬浮剂粒径均一,不膏化,产品更加稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药制剂制备技术领域,涉及一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
苯醚甲环唑:无色固体,熔点76℃,沸点220℃/4Pa,蒸气压120nPa(20℃)。溶解性(20℃):水3.3毫克/升。苯醚甲环唑具有保护、治疗和内吸活性,是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂,抑制细胞壁甾醇的生物合成,阻止真菌的生长。杀菌谱广,叶面处理或种子处理可提高作物的产量和保证品质。对子囊菌纲、担子菌纲和包括链格孢属、壳二孢属、尾孢霉属、刺盘孢属、球痤菌属、茎点霉属、柱隔孢属、壳针孢属、黑星菌属在内的半知病,白粉菌科、锈菌目及某些种传病原菌有持久的保护和治疗作用。对葡萄炭疽病、白腐病效果也很好
吡唑醚菌酯:白色或浅棕色晶状固体;熔点:63.7~65.2℃;沸点:200℃分解;蒸气压:2.6×10-8Pa(20℃),在水中的溶解度为1.9mg/L(20℃,与pH值无关)。吡唑醚菌酯对孢子萌发及叶内菌丝体的生长有很强的抑制作用,具有保护和治疗活性。具有渗透性及局部内吸活性,持效期长,耐雨水冲刷。被广泛用于防治小麦、水稻、花生、葡萄、蔬菜、马铃薯、香蕉、柠檬、咖啡、果树、核桃、茶树、烟草和观赏植物、草坪及其他大田作物上的病害。另外,吡唑醚菌酯能对作物产生积极的生理调节作用,它能抑制乙烯的产生和加速抵抗蛋白的形成。
在农业生产实践中发现,吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑单独施药效果欠佳,人们将其复配使用,具有协同增效作用,可以扩大防治谱,但存在整体用量过大、持效期不长等问题。
专利CN105191959B公开了一种含吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的悬浮剂,该制剂是由质量百分比为0~40%的吡唑醚菌酯原药、0~40%的苯醚甲环唑原药、5%~8%聚羧酸盐分散剂DSC2006、1%~4%改性聚醚类润湿剂W2006、1%~6%增稠剂、0.1%~2%消泡剂、1%~6%防冻剂、余量为水组成。
专利申请CN107787994A公开了一种吡唑醚菌酯-苯醚甲环唑微胶囊悬浮剂,按质量百分比计包含以下各组分:吡唑醚菌酯:1%~20%;苯醚甲环唑:1%~40%;囊壁材料:6%~10%;囊芯溶剂:15%~20%;乳化剂:1%~5%;增稠剂:0.1%~1%;分散剂:3%~5%;防冻剂:1%~5%;防腐剂:0.1%~0.5%;pH调节剂1%~3%;固化剂:0.1%~1%;余量为水。
这两个专利技术实现了吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑复配,制成悬浮剂。悬浮剂是农药原药和载体及分散剂混合,利用湿法进行超微粉碎而成的黏稠可流动的悬浮体;具体是由不溶或微溶于水的固体原药借助某些助剂,通过超微粉碎比较均匀地分散于水中,形成一种颗粒细小的高悬浮、能流动的稳定的液固态体系。悬浮剂通常是由有效成份、分散剂、增稠剂、抗沉淀剂、消泡剂、防冻剂和水等组成。有效成份的含量一般为5~50%。平均粒径一般为3微米左右,是农药加工的一种新剂型。
农药原药加工成悬浮剂的条件有:
1、不溶于水或微溶于水,即在水中的溶解度(20~40℃)低于100mg/L,否则制剂在贮存时容易产生结晶。
2、常温下是固体,考虑贮存等要求,原药的熔点要在60℃以上,以免在砂磨时熔化,引起粒子凝聚,影响制剂的稳定性。
3、农药原药在水中要有好的化学稳定性,不易分解。
专利CN105191959B公开的专利技术,在实际操作中发现,砂磨效果不可控,在湿法砂磨时候容易高温造成砂磨机堵塞需拆装砂磨机,出料成牙膏状不顺畅,造成成品制剂粒径长大不稳定,膏化,影响销售。这可能是因为因苯醚甲环唑熔点76℃,吡唑醚菌酯熔点63.7~65.2℃且晶型复杂,两化合物混配在一块其熔点更低,在湿法砂磨时候容易高温造成砂磨机堵塞。
另外,专利CN105191959B和专利申请CN107787994A的悬浮剂产品,对多种病虫病害的防治效果仍有很大的进步空间。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂及其制备方法,防治效果佳,持效时间长。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,以重量份计,包含以下组分:苯醚甲环唑13~18份,吡唑醚菌酯22~27份,润湿分散剂7~8份,防冻剂3.5~4.5份,结构调节剂0.3~0.5份,增稠剂0.1~0.15份,防腐剂0.15~0.25份,消泡剂0.01~0.02份,蒸馏水100~120份;其中,所述润湿分散剂为MK-5011(购自东莞市美洋贸易有限公司)、MK-8040(购自重庆贸凯实业有限公司)和BYK-2012(购自东莞市美洋贸易有限公司)的组合,三者的质量比为2~3:2~3:2.5~3.5。
优选的,以重量份计,包含以下组分:苯醚甲环唑15份,吡唑醚菌酯25份,润湿分散剂7.4份,防冻剂4份,结构调节剂0.4份,增稠剂0.11份,防腐剂0.2份,消泡剂0.02份,蒸馏水45份;MK-5011、MK-8040和BYK-2012的质量比为2.2:2.2:3。
优选的,所述防冻剂为乙二醇,所述结构调节剂为硅酸镁铝,所述增稠剂为黄原胶,所述防腐剂为卡松,所述消泡剂为改性有机硅烷消泡剂,具体为AF 1501,购自广州方中化工有限公司。
优选的,以重量份计,所述悬浮剂还包含阿氟曼链霉菌孢子8~9份,球孢白僵菌孢子3~4份。
进一步优选的,阿氟曼链霉菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将阿氟曼链霉菌菌种(ATCC49173,购自上海晅科生物科技有限公司)接种于斜面培养基上,于28~30℃培养6~7天,得到斜面菌种;然后将斜面菌种利用等重量的无菌水配制成菌种悬浮液,接着将菌种悬浮液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅰ中,固体发酵培养9~11天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
更进一步优选的,所述斜面培养基是由以下质量百分比的组分混合制成的:牛肉膏0.2~0.3%,蛋白胨0.5~0.8%,葡萄糖0.5~0.8%,磷酸二氢钾0.05~0.07%,硫酸镁0.03~0.05%,琼脂2.0~2.8%,余量为蒸馏水,pH6.8;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟;所述固体发酵培养基Ⅰ是由以下质量百分比的组分混合制成的:谷糠45~55%,麸皮10~15%,豆饼粉5~7%,花生饼粉3~4%,玉米粉7~9%,碳酸钙0.2~0.3%,硫酸铵0.5~0.6%,胨血0.1~0.2%,余量为蒸馏水,pH自然;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟。
更进一步优选的,固体发酵培养条件为:无菌空气通气量1:0.3v/v/min,压力0.008MPa,培养温度28~30℃,培养湿度50~60%。
进一步优选的,球孢白僵菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将球孢白僵菌菌种(ACCC30006,购自瑞楚生物科技(江苏)有限公司)接种于种子培养基上,于26~28℃培养2~3天,得到种子培养液;然后将种子培养液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅱ中,固体发酵培养6~7天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
更进一步优选的,所述种子培养基是将以下组分加入蒸馏水中混合制成的:大米粉10~30g/L、葡萄糖10~30g/L、蔗糖5~20g/L、黄豆饼粉5~20g/L、蚕蛹粉5~10g/L、酵母粉5~10g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.1~0.5g/L、硫酸镁0.1~0.5g/L、氯化钙0.1~0.5g/L,pH7.0;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟;所述固体发酵培养基Ⅱ是由以下重量份的组分混合制成的:大米粉40~50份,玉米粉15~20份,葡萄糖2~3份,谷糠10~20份,麦麸10~12份,蚕蛹粉5~7份,花生饼粉7~9份,蒸馏水120~150份;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟。
更进一步优选的,固体发酵培养条件为:无菌空气通气量1:0.35v/v/min,压力0.005MPa,培养温度26~28℃,培养湿度55~60%。
2、上述一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨至粒径4μm,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,即得。
优选的,湿法砂磨时控制温度为20~22℃(利用水冷制冰机控制温度,避免砂磨温度过高,保证砂磨顺畅),进料流速为2~5L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速700~900rpm,氧化锆珠直径为5~6mm,研磨时间30~40分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速1500~2000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为1~2mm,研磨时间50~60分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速2500~3000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.1~0.2mm,研磨时间50~60分钟。
优选的,在制备预混料时还加入阿氟曼链霉菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅰ和球孢白僵菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅱ,其中,所述微囊Ⅰ是将阿氟曼链霉菌孢子加入灭菌的聚甘油蓖麻醇酯和菜籽油的混合物中混合均匀而得;所述微囊Ⅱ是将球孢白僵菌孢子均匀分散于无菌水中,得到水分散液,接着将水分散液利用灭菌的325目硅藻土粉末吸附,得到吸附硅藻土,然后将吸附硅藻土加入氢化植物油中混合均匀得到油相,最后将油相缓慢加入灭菌的质量浓度20%β-环糊精水溶液中,搅拌混匀,加入苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚,搅拌混匀,即得。
进一步优选的,在制备微囊Ⅰ时,阿氟曼链霉菌孢子、聚甘油蓖麻醇酯、菜籽油的质量比为1:0.3:3。
进一步优选的,在制备微囊Ⅱ时,球孢白僵菌孢子、无菌水、硅藻土粉末、氢化植物油、β-环糊精水溶液、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的质量比为1:3:1:2:6:0.03。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明将苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配,辅以润湿分散剂、防冻剂、结构调节剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、消泡剂等助剂,获得一种复配悬浮剂产品。基于苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯的原药特性,本发明通过实验摸索将MK-5011、MK-8040和BYK-2012组合使用作为润湿分散剂,在制备时,先将苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别利用润湿分散剂配制得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与剩余的其他组分混合砂磨,获得的悬浮剂粒径均一,不膏化,产品更加稳定。
本发明通过润湿分散剂的应用使得产品形成凝胶网状结构,空间位阻使产品能长期存放不膏化。
本发明的制备方法阻隔了两种原药成分,避免了在砂磨过程中因熔点更低而造成砂磨不顺畅甚至拆装砂磨机等问题,大大提升了生产效率。
在苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配的基础上,本发明还加入了阿氟曼链霉菌孢子和球孢白僵菌孢子,并且,在制备时,将阿氟曼链霉菌孢子制成微囊Ⅰ,球孢白僵菌孢子制成微囊Ⅱ,其中,微囊Ⅰ是将阿氟曼链霉菌孢子加入灭菌的聚甘油蓖麻醇酯和菜籽油的混合物中混合均匀而得;微囊Ⅱ是将球孢白僵菌孢子均匀分散于无菌水中,得到水分散液,接着将水分散液利用灭菌的325目硅藻土粉末吸附,得到吸附硅藻土,然后将吸附硅藻土加入氢化植物油中混合均匀得到油相,最后将油相缓慢加入灭菌的质量浓度20%β-环糊精水溶液中,搅拌混匀,加入苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚,搅拌混匀,即得。阿氟曼链霉菌孢子和球孢白僵菌孢子分别以微囊Ⅰ和微囊Ⅱ的形式加入,使得阿氟曼链霉菌孢子和球孢白僵菌孢子具有不同的释放速率,在协同苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯改善防治效果的同时,还大大延长了持效时间。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明:
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
表1示出了实施例1~4和对比例1、2中悬浮剂的配方组成。
表1.配方表
表中,“--”表示无该组分,结构调节剂为硅酸镁铝,增稠剂为黄原胶,防腐剂为卡松,消泡剂为改性有机硅烷消泡剂AF 1501,购自广州方中化工有限公司;表中组分重量单位为kg。
实施例1:
如图1所示,一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨至粒径4μm,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,均质稳定,检验,包装,抽检,入库。
湿法砂磨时控制温度为20℃,进料流速为2L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速700rpm,氧化锆珠直径为6mm,研磨时间30分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速2000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为1mm,研磨时间60分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速2500rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.2mm,研磨时间50分钟。
实施例2:
如图1所示,一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨至粒径4μm,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,均质稳定,检验,包装,抽检,入库。
湿法砂磨时控制温度为22℃,进料流速为2L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速900rpm,氧化锆珠直径为5mm,研磨时间40分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速1500rpm,氧化锆珠直径为2mm,研磨时间50分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速3000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.1mm,研磨时间60分钟。
实施例3:
一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、阿氟曼链霉菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅰ、球孢白僵菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅱ、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨至粒径4μm,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,均质稳定,检验,包装,抽检,入库。
湿法砂磨时控制温度为20℃,进料流速为2L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速700rpm,氧化锆珠直径为6mm,研磨时间30分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速2000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为1mm,研磨时间60分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速2500rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.2mm,研磨时间50分钟。
所述微囊Ⅰ是将阿氟曼链霉菌孢子加入灭菌的聚甘油蓖麻醇酯和菜籽油的混合物中混合均匀而得;所述微囊Ⅱ是将球孢白僵菌孢子均匀分散于无菌水中,得到水分散液,接着将水分散液利用灭菌的325目硅藻土粉末吸附,得到吸附硅藻土,然后将吸附硅藻土加入氢化植物油中混合均匀得到油相,最后将油相缓慢加入灭菌的质量浓度20%β-环糊精水溶液中,搅拌混匀,加入苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚,搅拌混匀,即得。
在制备微囊Ⅰ时,阿氟曼链霉菌孢子、聚甘油蓖麻醇酯、菜籽油的质量比为1:0.3:3。
在制备微囊Ⅱ时,球孢白僵菌孢子、无菌水、硅藻土粉末、氢化植物油、β-环糊精水溶液、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的质量比为1:3:1:2:6:0.03。
阿氟曼链霉菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将阿氟曼链霉菌菌种(ATCC49173,购自上海晅科生物科技有限公司)接种于斜面培养基上,于28℃培养6天,得到斜面菌种;然后将斜面菌种利用等重量的无菌水配制成菌种悬浮液,接着将菌种悬浮液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅰ中,固体发酵培养9天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
所述斜面培养基是由以下质量百分比的组分混合制成的:牛肉膏0.2%,蛋白胨0.8%,葡萄糖0.5%,磷酸二氢钾0.07%,硫酸镁0.03%,琼脂2.8%,余量为蒸馏水,pH6.8;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟;所述固体发酵培养基Ⅰ是由以下质量百分比的组分混合制成的:谷糠45%,麸皮15%,豆饼粉5%,花生饼粉4%,玉米粉7%,碳酸钙0.3%,硫酸铵0.5%,胨血0.2%,余量为蒸馏水,pH自然;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟。固体发酵培养条件为:无菌空气通气量1:0.3v/v/min,压力0.008MPa,培养温度28℃,培养湿度60%。
球孢白僵菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将球孢白僵菌菌种(ACCC30006,购自瑞楚生物科技(江苏)有限公司)接种于种子培养基上,于26℃培养3天,得到种子培养液;然后将种子培养液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅱ中,固体发酵培养6天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
所述种子培养基是将以下组分加入蒸馏水中混合制成的:大米粉30g/L、葡萄糖10g/L、蔗糖20g/L、黄豆饼粉5g/L、蚕蛹粉10g/L、酵母粉5g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.5g/L、硫酸镁0.1g/L、氯化钙0.5g/L,pH7.0;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟;所述固体发酵培养基Ⅱ是由以下组分混合制成的:大米粉4kg,玉米粉2kg,葡萄糖0.2kg,谷糠2kg,麦麸1kg,蚕蛹粉0.7kg,花生饼粉0.7kg,蒸馏水15kg;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟。固体发酵培养条件为:无菌空气通气量1:0.35v/v/min,压力0.005MPa,培养温度26℃,培养湿度60%。
实施例4:
一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、阿氟曼链霉菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅰ、球孢白僵菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅱ、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨至粒径4μm,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,均质稳定,检验,包装,抽检,入库。
湿法砂磨时控制温度为21℃,进料流速为4L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速800rpm,氧化锆珠直径为5mm,研磨时间35分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速1800rpm,氧化锆珠直径为2mm,研磨时间55分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速3000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.2mm,研磨时间55分钟。
所述微囊Ⅰ是将阿氟曼链霉菌孢子加入灭菌的聚甘油蓖麻醇酯和菜籽油的混合物中混合均匀而得;所述微囊Ⅱ是将球孢白僵菌孢子均匀分散于无菌水中,得到水分散液,接着将水分散液利用灭菌的325目硅藻土粉末吸附,得到吸附硅藻土,然后将吸附硅藻土加入氢化植物油中混合均匀得到油相,最后将油相缓慢加入灭菌的质量浓度20%β-环糊精水溶液中,搅拌混匀,加入苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚,搅拌混匀,即得。
在制备微囊Ⅰ时,阿氟曼链霉菌孢子、聚甘油蓖麻醇酯、菜籽油的质量比为1:0.3:3。
在制备微囊Ⅱ时,球孢白僵菌孢子、无菌水、硅藻土粉末、氢化植物油、β-环糊精水溶液、苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的质量比为1:3:1:2:6:0.03。
阿氟曼链霉菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将阿氟曼链霉菌菌种(ATCC49173,购自上海晅科生物科技有限公司)接种于斜面培养基上,于30℃培养6天,得到斜面菌种;然后将斜面菌种利用等重量的无菌水配制成菌种悬浮液,接着将菌种悬浮液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅰ中,固体发酵培养11天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
所述斜面培养基是由以下质量百分比的组分混合制成的:牛肉膏0.2%,蛋白胨0.8%,葡萄糖0.5%,磷酸二氢钾0.07%,硫酸镁0.03%,琼脂2.8%,余量为蒸馏水,pH6.8;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟;所述固体发酵培养基Ⅰ是由以下质量百分比的组分混合制成的:谷糠45%,麸皮15%,豆饼粉5%,花生饼粉4%,玉米粉7%,碳酸钙0.3%,硫酸铵0.5%,胨血0.2%,余量为蒸馏水,pH自然;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟。固体发酵培养条件为:无菌空气通气量1:0.3v/v/min,压力0.008MPa,培养温度30℃,培养湿度60%。
球孢白僵菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将球孢白僵菌菌种(ACCC30006,购自瑞楚生物科技(江苏)有限公司)接种于种子培养基上,于26℃培养3天,得到种子培养液;然后将种子培养液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅱ中,固体发酵培养7天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
所述种子培养基是将以下组分加入蒸馏水中混合制成的:大米粉10g/L、葡萄糖30g/L、蔗糖5g/L、黄豆饼粉20g/L、蚕蛹粉5g/L、酵母粉10g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.1g/L、硫酸镁0.5g/L、氯化钙0.1g/L,pH7.0;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟;所述固体发酵培养基Ⅱ是由以下组分混合制成的:大米粉5kg,玉米粉1.5kg,葡萄糖0.3kg,谷糠1kg,麦麸1.2kg,蚕蛹粉0.5kg,花生饼粉0.9kg,蒸馏水12kg;于0.12MPa和120℃条件下消毒灭菌30分钟。固体发酵培养条件为:无菌空气通气量1:0.35v/v/min,压力0.005MPa,培养温度28℃,培养湿度55%。
对比例1:
一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、润湿分散剂、防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,将预混料湿法砂磨,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,均质稳定,检验,包装,抽检,入库。
湿法砂磨时控制温度为20℃,进料流速为2L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速700rpm,氧化锆珠直径为6mm,研磨时间30分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速2000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为1mm,研磨时间60分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速2500rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.2mm,研磨时间50分钟。
对比例2:
一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,均质稳定,检验,包装,抽检,入库。
湿法砂磨时控制温度为22℃,进料流速为2L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速900rpm,氧化锆珠直径为5mm,研磨时间40分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速1500rpm,氧化锆珠直径为2mm,研磨时间50分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速3000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.1mm,研磨时间60分钟。
1、比较实施例1~4和对比例1、2的砂磨状态以及25℃贮存3个月后悬浮剂状态,结果见表2。
表2.悬浮剂状态考察
0天砂磨状态 | 3个月后悬浮剂状态 | |
实施例1 | 砂磨正常,无结块,无膏化 | 均一,无分层 |
实施例2 | 砂磨正常,无结块,无膏化 | 均一,无分层 |
实施例3 | 砂磨正常,无结块,无膏化 | 均一,无分层 |
实施例4 | 砂磨正常,无结块,无膏化 | 均一,无分层 |
对比例1 | 砂磨膏化 | —— |
对比例2 | 出现大量大颗粒 | —— |
由表2可知,实施例1~4砂磨正常,无结块,无膏化,贮存3个月后悬浮剂均一,无分层,具有良好的稳定性。
对比例1润湿分散剂未提前加入,而是采用直接混合法,对比例2的润湿分散剂略去BYK-2012,砂磨出现大量大颗粒甚至膏化,说明本发明的润湿分散剂组成以及对苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯的预先阻隔处理有利于改善砂磨状态,保证产品的稳定性。
2、分别使用实施例1~4所得悬浮剂进行防治效果试验,具体方法如下:
选择生长和管理水平一致的香蕉树(品种:高州矮香蕉,种植密度为每亩160株)为实验对象,随机划分5个小区,每个小区10株,其中4个小区作为处理组,分别使用实施例1~4所得悬浮剂进行全株喷雾施药,2022年4月1日第一次喷药,4月20日第二次喷药,剩余1个小区作为空白对照组。喷药的具体方法是:每亩悬浮剂用量为30g,将悬浮剂经800倍体积稀释后进行喷雾施药。在2022年5月1日、5月20日、6月20日进行香蕉叶斑病考察,统计香蕉树的总叶片数和发病叶片数,计算发病率(%)=发病叶片数/总叶片数×100%,进而计算防治效果(%)=(空白对照组发病率-处理组发病率)/空白对照组发病率×100%。结果见表3。
表3.防治效果试验
由表3可知,实施例1~4所得悬浮剂对香蕉叶斑病具有非常好的防治效果,起效快,持效时间长;特别是实施例3和实施例4在苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配的基础上,还加入了阿氟曼链霉菌孢子和球孢白僵菌孢子,效果更佳。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,包含以下组分:苯醚甲环唑13~18份,吡唑醚菌酯22~27份,润湿分散剂7~8份,防冻剂3.5~4.5份,结构调节剂0.3~0.5份,增稠剂0.1~0.15份,防腐剂0.15~0.25份,消泡剂0.01~0.02份,蒸馏水100~120份;其中,所述润湿分散剂为MK-5011、MK-8040和BYK-2012的组合,三者的质量比为2~3:2~3:2.5~3.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,包含以下组分:苯醚甲环唑15份,吡唑醚菌酯25份,润湿分散剂7.4份,防冻剂4份,结构调节剂0.4份,增稠剂0.11份,防腐剂0.2份,消泡剂0.02份,蒸馏水45份;MK-5011、MK-8040和BYK-2012的质量比为2.2:2.2:3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,其特征在于,所述防冻剂为乙二醇,所述结构调节剂为硅酸镁铝,所述增稠剂为黄原胶,所述防腐剂为卡松,所述消泡剂为改性有机硅烷消泡剂,具体为AF1501,购自广州方中化工有限公司。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,其特征在于,以重量份计,所述悬浮剂还包含阿氟曼链霉菌孢子8~9份,球孢白僵菌孢子3~4份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,其特征在于,阿氟曼链霉菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将阿氟曼链霉菌菌种接种于斜面培养基上,于28~30℃培养6~7天,得到斜面菌种;然后将斜面菌种利用等重量的无菌水配制成菌种悬浮液,接着将菌种悬浮液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅰ中,固体发酵培养9~11天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂,其特征在于,球孢白僵菌孢子是通过以下方法获得的:先将球孢白僵菌菌种接种于种子培养基上,于26~28℃培养2~3天,得到种子培养液;然后将种子培养液按照体积接种量10%接种于固体发酵培养基Ⅱ中,固体发酵培养6~7天,干燥,粉碎至100目,即得。
7.权利要求1~6中任一项所述一种苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯复配悬浮剂的制备方法,其特征在于,先将配方量的苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯分别与一半配方量的润湿分散剂混合均匀得到苯醚甲环唑预分散体和吡唑醚菌酯预分散体,然后将苯醚甲环唑预分散体、吡唑醚菌酯预分散体与配方量的防冻剂、结构调节剂、防腐剂、自来水搅拌混匀,得到预混料,最后将预混料湿法砂磨至粒径4μm,加入配方量的增稠剂、消泡剂,搅拌混匀,即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,湿法砂磨时控制温度为20~22℃,进料流速为2~5L/min,所使用的研磨介质为氧化锆珠,湿法砂磨具体包括:
(A)初级砂磨:研磨转速700~900rpm,氧化锆珠直径为5~6mm,研磨时间30~40分钟;
(B)二级砂磨:研磨转速1500~2000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为1~2mm,研磨时间50~60分钟;
(C)三级砂磨:研磨转速2500~3000rpm,氧化锆珠直径为0.1~0.2mm,研磨时间50~60分钟。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在制备预混料时还加入阿氟曼链霉菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅰ和球孢白僵菌孢子制成的微囊Ⅱ,其中,所述微囊Ⅰ是将阿氟曼链霉菌孢子加入灭菌的聚甘油蓖麻醇酯和菜籽油的混合物中混合均匀而得;所述微囊Ⅱ是将球孢白僵菌孢子均匀分散于无菌水中,得到水分散液,接着将水分散液利用灭菌的325目硅藻土粉末吸附,得到吸附硅藻土,然后将吸附硅藻土加入氢化植物油中混合均匀得到油相,最后将油相缓慢加入灭菌的质量浓度20%β-环糊精水溶液中,搅拌混匀,加入苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚,搅拌混匀,即得。
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