CN116365553A - Wind farm rapid frequency response control method and system - Google Patents
Wind farm rapid frequency response control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for controlling the rapid frequency response of a wind power plant, which enable the adjustable capacity of the wind power plant to be enough to execute the distributed power through a weighted average distribution strategy, can effectively reduce the execution time of a rapid frequency response power instruction distribution link, avoid the possibility that the average distribution is likely to generate secondary distribution, and reduce the execution time of the whole power adjustment of the wind power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy power generation, in particular to a rapid frequency response control method and system for a wind farm.
Background
Wind farms are a form of renewable energy and have become one of the important sources of energy worldwide. However, grid access of wind farms presents challenges for grid stability and reliability due to the volatility and uncertainty of the wind energy itself. Especially when frequency deviations occur in the power system, a fast response of the wind farm is required to maintain the grid frequency stable.
To meet this requirement, wind farm fast frequency response control systems have been developed to increase the flexibility and schedulability of wind farms. The system is based on an advanced electronic control technology and a real-time control strategy, can realize the rapid response of the generator in the wind power plant, and maintains the stable frequency of the power grid by changing the output power of the fan. The control system can realize the rapid adjustment of the output power of the wind power plant, so that the control system can respond rapidly to the power grid frequency deviation, and the stability and reliability of the power grid frequency can be maintained.
Researchers and engineers are continually advancing technology and theory in the development and application of wind farm fast frequency response control systems. However, as the requirements of the national and industry standards on the response time of the rapid frequency response control system are gradually increasing, the current technical route is difficult to meet the requirements, and the requirement of reducing the response time of the rapid frequency response control system of the wind farm is urgent in order to enable wind resources to play a more important role in the construction process of a novel power system.
The current main current wind turbines are variable speed constant frequency wind turbines, and the current main current wind turbines can be divided into full-power conversion wind turbines and partial-power conversion wind turbines according to the proportion of the converter capacity to the capacity of the wind turbines, wherein the full-power conversion wind turbines are represented by permanent magnet direct drive synchronous wind turbines, and the partial-power conversion wind turbines are represented by doubly-fed asynchronous wind turbines. However, the fast frequency response control process of the fan in any form can be divided into a frequency measurement link, a fast frequency response power instruction calculation link, a fast frequency response power instruction distribution link, a fast frequency response power instruction issuing delay link and a speed limit link of a fast frequency response power instruction of the wind turbine generator.
The frequency response performance of the wind power plant is mainly evaluated by response lag time, rising time and adjusting time, and the shorter the three times are, the better the frequency response performance of the wind power plant is.
The coordination allocation strategy of wind farm output power execution is limited by the current technology, and mainly comprises average allocation, actual running states of different units are not considered, and when the adjustable capacity of part of units is insufficient to execute allocated power, the power is allocated again, so that the power allocation time is prolonged; meanwhile, even if the adjustable capacity of the wind turbine is sufficient to execute the distributed power, the time consumed by each turbine in different power generation operation states to increase/decrease the same power is different.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid frequency response control method for a wind power plant, which aims to reduce the execution time of a rapid frequency response power instruction distribution link and a rapid frequency response power instruction issuing delay link, thereby improving the frequency response performance of the wind power plant. According to the invention, the transmission delay of the power control command of the wind power plant is reduced, and the powers of different wind turbines are reasonably distributed, so that the power adjustment execution time of a fan is shortened, the whole group of execution time of the power control of the wind power plant station is compressed, and the frequency response capability of the wind power plant is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a wind farm rapid frequency response control method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring power information of a secondary fan, and acquiring current active power P and grid system frequency f of a grid-connected point according to voltage and current of the grid-connected point of a wind power plant, wherein the power information comprises current power of the secondary fan and a power generation running state of the secondary fan;
s2, calculating a power droop value delta P when the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed and passes through a dead zone, and executing frequency response;
s3, executing a weighted average allocation strategy based on the frequency response to obtain power conversion values of all the slave fans, and generating power instructions corresponding to the power conversion values of all the slave fans;
the weighted average allocation policy includes:
s301, calculating the sum delta P of adjustable powers of all grid-connected slave fans which do not work in a constant power area based on the power information of each slave fan 1 The adjustable power is the current power of the grid-connected slave fan which does not work in a constant power areaP li And minimum powerP li.min When the wind speed is equal to the cut-in wind speed, the output power of the slave fans reaches the grid-connected operation, and i is the number of each slave fan;
s302, if
Step S303 is executed, if not, step S304 is executed;
s303, distributing the power droop value delta P according to the following formula to obtain the power conversion value delta of each grid-connected slave fan which does not work in the constant power areaP 1i The slave fan working in the constant power area does not change power:
P li -P li.min the adjustable power of the grid-connected slave fans which do not work in the constant power area is used for the adjustable power of the grid-connected slave fans which do not work in the constant power area;
s304, distributing the power droop value delta P according to the following formula to obtain power conversion values delta of the secondary fans working in the constant power areaP 2i The grid connection which does not work in a constant power area is adjusted from the power of the fan to the minimum power:
P 2i -P 2i.min for the adjustable power of each slave fan working in a constant power area,P 2i、 P 2i.min the current power and the minimum power of each secondary fan working in a constant power area are respectively.
Further, the powerSag value Δp:
，/>
is the rated frequency of 50Hz of the wind power plant, +.>
Is the rated capacity of the wind farm, i.e. the sum of the power capacities of all the slave fans, delta% is the slip.
The wind farm rapid frequency response control system based on the method comprises the following steps:
the secondary fans are connected with the power grid system in a grid mode, the converter and the variable pitch module of each secondary fan are controlled by a fan master control, the power of each secondary fan is regulated, and the fan master control is communicated with the control master station through the secondary station controller;
the control master station is used for collecting power information of the slave fan and sending a power instruction to the slave station controller;
the wind power plant working frequency estimation module obtains the current active power P of the grid connection point and the frequency f of the power grid system according to the voltage and the current of the grid connection point of the wind power plant;
the frequency response module is used for calculating a power droop value delta P when the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed and passes through a dead zone, and executing frequency response;
and the power distribution strategy execution module executes a weighted average distribution strategy based on the frequency response to obtain the power conversion value of each slave fan and generates a power instruction corresponding to the power conversion value of each slave fan.
The method for controlling the rapid frequency response of the wind power plant acquires the running state and the current output power of each secondary fan in the plant. The total power of the fans in the maximum wind energy tracking area is P 1 The total power of the fans in the wind rotating speed area is P 2 The total power of the fans in the constant rotating speed area is P 3 Power P of all fans of wind farm total =P 1 +P 2 +P 3 When the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed, a fast frequency response power instruction calculation linkThe calculated amount of power change is Δp.
The fans currently running in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area are provided with M fans, and the current power of the fans is P respectively 1i The minimum power allowed by the normal grid-connected operation of the unit is P 1i.min I=1, 2. The fans running in the constant power area have N fans, and the current power of the fans is P respectively 2i The minimum power allowed by the normal grid-connected operation of the unit is P 2i.min ，i=1，2...N。
The total power which can be reduced when the secondary fans of the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area are all reduced from the current power to the minimum power
The total power which can be reduced when the slave fans of the constant power area are all reduced from the current power to the minimum power +.>
。
If it is
The method is characterized in that the requirement of quick frequency response can be met only by reducing power of the auxiliary fans running in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area, and the auxiliary fans in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area are distributed in a weighted average mode according to the respective adjustable capacity, wherein the calculation formula is +.>
。
If it is
The method is characterized in that the total power of the secondary fans running in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotation speed area is reduced to the lowest power, the requirement of the rapid frequency response cannot be met, the secondary fans needing to be in the constant power area participate in the power distribution of the rapid frequency response, a part of the power reduction share is born, and the weighted average distribution is also carried out according to the adjustable capacity of each secondary fan, wherein the calculation formula is->
。
The adjustable capacity of the wind turbine generator is enough to execute the distributed power through a weighted average distribution strategy, so that the execution time of a quick frequency response power instruction distribution link can be effectively reduced, the possibility that secondary distribution is possible to occur in average distribution is avoided, and the execution time of the whole power adjustment of the wind power plant is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship of a fast frequency response control system of a wind farm.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Term interpretation:
the power generation running state of the fan can be divided into a starting area, a maximum wind energy tracking area, a constant rotating speed area and a constant power area.
Start-up region: the wind speed rises from near zero to the cut-in wind speed v cut-in The generator is disconnected from the power grid before the cut-in wind speed is reached, and the wind speed is greater than or equal to v cut-in When the fans are operated, the grid connection control strategy is put into, and the grid connection is completed, most of the fans are not in the state when operated.
Maximum wind energy tracking area: the wind turbine generator in the area is in grid-connected power generation operation, and the variable speed operation of maximum wind energy tracking of a power generation system is realized. The pitch angle is fixed at beta=0 degree at the moment so as to absorb wind energy to the maximum extent, the generator changes electromagnetic torque through a control method, and then changes the rotating speed of the wind turbine, so that the wind turbine always operates at the optimal rotating speed omega under different wind speeds opt To obtain maximum wind energy.
Constant rotation speed region: the wind turbine generator in the area reaches the highest rotating speed, but the output power of the wind turbine does not reach the rated output state. In order to protect the unit from overload and avoid the maximum wind energy tracking control, the generator adopts the rotating speed closed-loop control, and the given rotating speed is the rated rotating speed, so that the generator can perform constant-rotating-speed power generation operation on the allowable maximum rotating speed.
Constant power region: along with the increase of wind speed, the mechanical power output by the wind turbine is continuously increased, the maximum output power of the generator and the converter is reached, the control system needs to control the wind turbine to be in a constant-speed and constant-power running state in order to ensure that the generator is not overloaded to be damaged, and the control system is realized by changing the pitch angle, namely increasing the pitch angle beta when the wind speed is increased, so that the energy captured by the wind turbine is rapidly reduced, and the power is kept constant.
When the wind turbine generator runs in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area, the electromagnetic torque of the generator is changed by changing the output of the converter, so that the rotating speed of the generator is changed, and finally the output power of the generator is changed. Because the converter is power electronic equipment, no mechanical action link exists, the control response time is shorter, and the control response time is generally in the hundred milliseconds.
When the wind turbine runs in a constant power area, the power of the wind turbine is changed by changing the pitch angle, the mechanical actions of a motor and a gear set of a variable pitch system are involved in the process, the action speed of the current mainstream variable pitch system is 2 degrees/s to 7 degrees/s, and the control response time is long, and is generally in the second level. When changing the same amount of power, the response time of the pitch control is typically 5 to 10 times that of the converter control, in particular several hundred milliseconds to several seconds, compared to the way the converter output is changed.
When the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed downwards, the wind power plant is required to increase power to support the frequency of the power grid, but the fans of the wind power plant are generally in a maximum wind power tracking or rated output state and cannot respond, the invention only considers the condition that the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed upwards, and at the moment, the whole wind power plant is required to reduce power to support the frequency of the power grid.
Taking the wind power plant shown in fig. 1 as an example, 6 secondary fans are provided, the power capacity of each secondary fan is 5MW, the minimum power of grid-connected operation is 0.5MW, and the rated power capacity of the wind power plant is 30MW. Other equipment of the wind farm that is not functional in the present invention is not shown. The control master station obtains the voltage and the current of the grid-connected point from the voltage and the current transformer installed at the grid-connected point through the wind power plant working frequency estimation module, and calculates the current active power P of the grid-connected point and the frequency of the grid-connected point, namely the frequency f of a power grid system according to a formula.
The control master station is communicated with each slave station controller through an EtherCAT network, and the current power and the power generation running state of each slave fan are obtained in real time. After receiving the power command, the slave station controller can select to change the power through a converter or a pitch system according to the current running state.
The frequency response module calculates a power droop value delta P when the power grid system frequency is disturbed and passes through a dead zone, performs frequency response, and presumes that parameters of the rapid frequency response of the wind power plant are set as follows: dead zone range f d =0.05 Hz, the slip delta% =5%. When the frequency of the power grid system fluctuates between 49.95 and 50.05Hz, the rapid frequency response control method does not respond. When the system frequency is disturbed and passes over the dead zone, such as the system frequency f=50.2 Hz, the frequency deviation Δf=0.2 Hz, and the power droop Δp is calculated:
The operation state of the secondary fans is mainly related to the wind energy captured by the secondary fans, the wind energy is influenced by the current wind speed, and meanwhile, the captured wind speed of each secondary fan is different due to the arrangement reason of the secondary fans, so that the power distribution strategy execution module randomly distributes the operation power of the secondary fans according to the power minimum principle, and the operation efficiency of the secondary fans can be improved.
Example 1:
assuming that the No. 1 secondary fan and the No. 2 secondary fan are in a constant power area, and the power is 5MW; the number 3 secondary fan and the number 4 secondary fan are in a constant rotating speed area, and the power is 4.5MW and 4MW respectively; the No. 5 secondary fan and the No. 6 secondary fan are positioned in the maximum wind energy tracking area, and the power is 3.5MW and 3MW respectively. The adjustable power delta P of the wind power plant can be calculated according to the conditions 1 ，ΔP 1 The sum of the adjustable power of each grid-connected slave fan which does not work in the constant power area in the wind power plant is the difference value between the current power of the slave fan and the minimum power of the slave fan.
At this time
The method is characterized in that the requirement of quick frequency response can be met by only reducing the power of the secondary fans running in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area, and then the secondary fans in the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area are subjected to weighted average distribution according to the respective adjustable power to obtain the power conversion value of the secondary fans.
The power conversion value of each secondary fan is
. Calculating the power change value delta P of the No. 3,4,5 and 6 secondary fans according to a formula 1i 0.74MW,0.65MW,0.55MW and 0.46MW, respectively. The power of the No. 1 and No. 2 secondary fans is not changed and is still 5MW.
Compared with the strategy of equally distributing all power to all the slave fans, the power response adjusting method according to the embodiment 1 can save more than 1 second in the power conversion value distribution link because the action of the pitch system of the slave fans which are already connected in the constant power area is not involved.
Example 2:
assuming that the number 1 and number 2 secondary fans are in a constant power area, the power is 5MWThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number 3,4,5 and 6 secondary fans are all in the maximum wind energy tracking area, and the power is 1.1MW,0.9MW,1.3MW and 1.0MW respectively. The adjustable power delta P of the wind power plant can be calculated according to the conditions 1 ，ΔP 1 The sum of the adjustable power of each grid-connected slave fan which does not work in the constant power area in the wind power plant is the difference value between the current power of the slave fan and the minimum power of the slave fan.
At this time
The fact that 3,4,5 and 6 slave fans are all reduced to the minimum power of 0.5MW still cannot meet the requirement of quick frequency response, the slave fans which are required to be in a constant power area also participate in power distribution of quick frequency response, share a part of power reduction share, and the power conversion values of all the slave fans in the constant power area are obtained by carrying out weighted average distribution according to the adjustable power of all the slave fans.
The power conversion value of each secondary fan in the constant power area is as follows
. Calculating the power change value delta P of the No. 1 secondary fan and the No. 2 secondary fan according to a formula 2i Are all 0.1MW. And the other power of the secondary fan is regulated to the minimum power.
In contrast to the strategy of equally distributing the total power to all the slave fans, although the pitch mechanism is inevitably operated as well, it is still possible to save hundreds of milliseconds of execution time since the slave fans operating in the maximum wind energy tracking zone take on the vast majority of the power variation values.
Claims (3)
1. The rapid frequency response control method for the wind farm is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring power information of a secondary fan, and acquiring current active power P and grid system frequency f of a grid-connected point according to voltage and current of the grid-connected point of a wind power plant, wherein the power information comprises current power of the secondary fan and a power generation running state of the secondary fan;
s2, calculating a power droop value delta P when the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed and passes through a dead zone, and executing frequency response;
s3, executing a weighted average allocation strategy based on the frequency response to obtain power conversion values of all the slave fans, and generating power instructions corresponding to the power conversion values of all the slave fans;
the weighted average allocation policy includes:
s301, calculating the sum delta P of adjustable powers of all grid-connected slave fans which do not work in a constant power area based on the power information of each slave fan 1 The adjustable power is the current power of the grid-connected slave fan which does not work in a constant power areaP li And minimum powerP li.min When the wind speed is equal to the cut-in wind speed, the output power of the slave fans reaches the grid-connected operation, and i is the number of each slave fan;
s302, if
Step S303 is executed, if not, step S304 is executed;
s303, distributing the power droop value delta P according to the following formula to obtain the power conversion value delta of each grid-connected slave fan which does not work in the constant power areaP 1i The slave fan working in the constant power area does not change power:
P li -P li.min the adjustable power of the grid-connected slave fans which do not work in the constant power area is used for the adjustable power of the grid-connected slave fans which do not work in the constant power area;
s304, distributing the power droop value delta P according to the following formula to obtain power conversion values delta of the secondary fans working in the constant power areaP 2i The grid connection which does not work in a constant power area is adjusted from the power of the fan to the minimum power:
P 2i -P 2i.min for the adjustable power of each slave fan working in a constant power area,P 2i、 P 2i.min the current power and the minimum power of each secondary fan working in a constant power area are respectively.
2. A method of fast frequency response control for a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the power droop Δp is:
， />
is the rated frequency of 50Hz of the wind power plant, +.>
Is the rated capacity of the wind farm, i.e. the sum of the power capacities of all the slave fans, delta% is the slip.
3. A wind farm rapid frequency response control system based on the method of any of claims 1-2, comprising:
the secondary fans are connected with the power grid system in a grid mode, the converter and the variable pitch module of each secondary fan are controlled by a fan master control, the power of each secondary fan is regulated, and the fan master control is communicated with the control master station through the secondary station controller;
the control master station is used for collecting power information of the slave fan and sending a power instruction to the slave station controller;
the wind power plant working frequency estimation module obtains the current active power P of the grid connection point and the frequency f of the power grid system according to the voltage and the current of the grid connection point of the wind power plant;
the frequency response module is used for calculating a power droop value delta P when the frequency of the power grid system is disturbed and passes through a dead zone, and executing frequency response;
and the power distribution strategy execution module executes a weighted average distribution strategy based on the frequency response to obtain the power conversion value of each slave fan and generates a power instruction corresponding to the power conversion value of each slave fan.
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