CN116357303A - Underground wireless two-way communication system and method - Google Patents
Underground wireless two-way communication system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116357303A CN116357303A CN202111617102.4A CN202111617102A CN116357303A CN 116357303 A CN116357303 A CN 116357303A CN 202111617102 A CN202111617102 A CN 202111617102A CN 116357303 A CN116357303 A CN 116357303A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/26—Storing data down-hole, e.g. in a memory or on a record carrier
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Abstract
The invention provides an underground wireless two-way communication system and method, comprising the following steps: the underground receiving and transmitting unit, the modulator and the ground receiving and transmitting unit can realize the real-time monitoring of the underground on one hand and timely and accurately acquire underground data; on the other hand, ground staff can directly send instructions to the underground control machine through the ground host machine to control the measurement and other units. The testing blindness is solved, errors and reworks of operation judgment of the testing switch well are reduced, and the success rate of one-time testing is improved. In addition, the wireless two-way communication system is based on low-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission signals, has strong penetrability and long transmission distance, and ensures the stability of the transmission signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum logging instrument equipment and systems, and particularly relates to an underground wireless two-way communication system and method.
Background
In recent years, along with the continuous development of logging technology in the technical fields of petroleum exploration, logging and the like, technologies for acquiring data from the bottom of a well are more and more, including a cable wired ground direct reading technology, a whole-well wireless transmission ground direct reading technology, a downhole electronic manometer casting and fishing technology and a permanent pressure detection technology. The data transmission modes are divided into two types: firstly, transmitting underground data to the ground through a cable; and secondly, whole-course wireless transmission. The underground data is transmitted to the ground through the cable, so that the underground data is inconvenient to install, the universality is low, the maintenance is difficult, the whole wireless transmission mode is real-time and accurate, the operation is simple, and the technology is complex.
However, the existing logging technology can only realize unidirectional communication from underground to ground, ground staff can only accept data transmitted underground, but cannot reach an underground control device under a control command, and the instantaneity and the effectiveness of the underground downlink command cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, the present invention proposes a downhole wireless two-way communication system, the system comprising: a downhole transceiver unit, a modulator, a surface transceiver unit,
the underground receiving and transmitting unit is used for encoding the acquired information to form a baseband signal and transmitting the baseband signal to the modulator,
the modulator is used for carrying out amplitude modulation on the baseband signal to form an amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, and the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the ground transceiver unit through wireless communication after power amplification;
the ground receiving and transmitting unit is used for receiving, amplifying, demodulating and monitoring the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal in real time, and also is used for transmitting control instructions to the underground receiving and transmitting unit in a wireless communication manner according to the change of the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal so as to complete underground two-way communication.
Further, the signal transmission between the downhole transceiver unit and the surface transceiver unit is an electromagnetic signal of a quasi-stationary electromagnetic field.
Further, the collected information includes pressure and temperature information required for logging, and operational status information of the downhole transceiver unit.
Further, the ground receiving and transmitting unit and the underground receiving and transmitting unit both comprise a control circuit module, and the control circuit module comprises a microprocessor, an analog signal amplifying sub-module and an analog signal conditioning sub-module;
the analog signal amplifying sub-module is used for shaping and amplifying the signal and increasing direct current bias, and is also used for sending the signal after the direct current bias to the microprocessor;
the microprocessor is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the DC offset signal and sending the signal to the analog signal conditioning sub-module through the digital-to-analog conversion channel;
the analog signal conditioning sub-module is used for filtering and amplifying the digital-to-analog conversion channel signals sent by the microprocessor.
Further, the control circuit module further comprises a power driving sub-module, and the power driving sub-module is used for amplifying the power of the data sent by the microprocessor.
Further, the microprocessor comprises a hardware driving sub-module, a functional sub-module and a logic sub-module,
the hardware driving sub-module is used for clock control, interrupt control, digital-to-analog conversion waveform output, memory access and watchdog control;
the functional sub-module is used for data coding, sensor data packaging, waveform modulation, data storage and exception handling.
Furthermore, the microprocessor is also reserved with a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion channels for monitoring battery current, battery pressure and power amplifier output current.
Further, the control circuit module also comprises a sensor, and the microprocessor is used for measuring temperature and pressure signals of the sensor.
The invention also provides a downhole wireless two-way communication method, which comprises the following steps:
the underground receiving and transmitting unit encodes the acquired information to form a baseband signal and transmits the baseband signal to the modulator;
the modulator carries out amplitude modulation on the baseband signal to form an amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, and the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal is transmitted to a ground transceiver unit through wireless communication after power amplification;
the ground transceiver unit receives, amplifies, demodulates and monitors the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal in real time;
the ground receiving and transmitting unit immediately transmits a control instruction to the underground receiving and transmitting unit in a wireless communication mode according to the change of the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal, and underground two-way communication is completed.
Further, the collected information includes pressure and temperature information required for logging, and operational status information of the downhole transceiver unit.
Further, the ground transceiver unit demodulating the amplitude modulated electromagnetic signal includes the steps of:
judging whether the buffer is full, if so, carrying out noise reduction treatment on the signal filtering;
detecting a synchronous head of the signal after the noise reduction treatment, and if the synchronous head is detected;
the signal is demodulated and the demodulated data is output.
Further, the receiving the control command signal by the downhole transceiver unit includes:
the analog signal amplifying sub-module shapes and amplifies the control command signal, increases direct current bias and sends the direct current bias signal to the microprocessor;
the microprocessor performs analog-to-digital conversion on the direct-current bias signal, and encodes, modulates and stores the data after analog-to-digital conversion.
According to the underground wireless two-way communication system and method, on one hand, the underground real-time monitoring can be realized, and the underground data can be timely and accurately acquired; on the other hand, ground staff can directly send instructions to the underground control machine through the ground host machine to control the measurement and other units. The testing blindness is solved, errors and reworks of operation judgment of the testing switch well are reduced, and the success rate of one-time testing is improved. In addition, the wireless two-way communication system is based on low-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission signals, has strong penetrability and long transmission distance, and ensures the stability of the transmission signals.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 illustrates an overall schematic of a system frame in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an internal control circuit module in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of data reception in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a software architecture diagram of a microprocessor in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an underground wireless two-way communication system and method, which not only can realize underground real-time monitoring and instant transmission of underground data, but also realize the function of sending control instructions underground on the ground.
The invention provides an underground wireless two-way communication system which comprises an underground transceiver unit, a modulator, a ground transceiver unit, a motor driver and an upper computer, wherein the underground transceiver unit is used for collecting pressure and temperature information required by logging and operating state information of the underground transceiver unit, coding the data and forming a baseband signal. The modulator carries out amplitude modulation on the baseband signal to form an amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, and the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal is transmitted by an antenna after power amplification. The ground receiving and transmitting unit receives the underground amplitude modulation electromagnetic wave signal, amplifies and filters the signal, demodulates the underground temperature, pressure and execution state signal, and transmits corresponding data to the upper computer for display and further processing; the motor driver controls the rotation angle and the running speed of the motor to realize the control of the duty ratio, thereby realizing the idle speed control of the motor.
The embodiment of the invention provides a downhole wireless two-way communication system, which comprises: the system comprises an underground receiving and transmitting unit, a modulator and a ground receiving and transmitting unit, wherein the underground receiving and transmitting unit is used for carrying out coding processing on acquired information to form a baseband signal, sending the baseband signal to the modulator, modulating the baseband signal in an amplitude modulation mode to form an amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal, and sending the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal to the ground receiving and transmitting unit through wireless communication after power amplification; the ground receiving and transmitting unit is used for receiving, amplifying, demodulating and monitoring the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal in real time, and also is used for transmitting control instructions to the underground receiving and transmitting unit in a wireless communication manner according to the change of the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal so as to complete underground two-way communication.
Fig. 1 shows an overall schematic diagram of a system frame in an embodiment of the present invention, in fig. 1, the downhole includes a downhole transceiver unit/downhole monitoring system 1, the downhole transceiver unit/downhole monitoring system 1 is connected with a ground device through a casing 6, the downhole transceiver unit/downhole monitoring system 1 includes an internal control circuit module, the internal control module includes a power driving sub-module, the power driving sub-module amplifies data sent by a Microprocessor (MCU), a driving coil or a transmitting antenna generates a sufficiently strong electromagnetic field in a stratum space, an electromagnetic field in the stratum is distributed around the ground casing, a ground is provided with a ground searching column/grounding electrode 5 to receive signals, the signals received from the downhole transceiver unit are sent to the ground transceiver unit/ground working condition system 3 through the antenna 4, the ground transceiver unit/ground working condition system 3 receives signals and demodulates the signals, and wirelessly transmits control command signals to the downhole transceiver unit.
In the embodiment of the invention, a quasi-steady electromagnetic field is adopted as a means for electromagnetic signal transmission. When the alternating current frequency is low, so that the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the vacuum corresponding to this frequency is much greater than the line size of the line under consideration, the delay effect is negligible in the region of the circuit and its vicinity. The electromagnetic field in this region is called a quasi-stationary electromagnetic field (or quasi-stationary electromagnetic field).
The underground receiving and transmitting unit is internally provided with an internal control circuit module, the ground receiving and transmitting unit is also provided with an internal control module, and the control circuit module of the ground receiving and transmitting unit is the same as the internal control module of the underground receiving and transmitting unit.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of an internal control circuit module in an embodiment of the present invention, and in fig. 2, the internal control circuit module includes a power supply 1#, a power supply 2#, a Microprocessor (MCU), a sensor, a memory, an analog signal amplification sub-module, an analog signal conditioning sub-module, and a power driving sub-module.
The power supply 1# is a high-temperature DC/DC converter (the DC/DC converter is a voltage converter which converts input voltage and effectively outputs fixed voltage), the power supply is powered by a battery, the output voltage of the battery is 25-35V, the power supply 1# is connected with a memory, a microprocessor, a sensor and an analog signal amplification submodule to power the Microprocessor (MCU), the memory, the sensor and the analog signal amplification submodule, the input voltage is 25-35V, the output is bipolar (plus or minus 5V or plus or minus 3V), the static current is less than 2mA, the output rated current is 50mA, the ripple wave is less than 1%, and the working temperature is more than 210 ℃. The power supply No. 2 is a DC/DC converter, is powered by a battery, is connected with the analog signal conditioning sub-module and the power driving sub-module, and provides power for the analog signal conditioning sub-module and the power driving sub-module, the output voltage of the power supply No. 2 is 15-20V (single bipolar can be selected according to the scheme of the power driving module), the quiescent current is less than 10mA, the output rated current is 500mA, the ripple wave is less than 1%, and the working temperature is more than 210 ℃.
The microprocessor is a high temperature resistant singlechip, the working temperature is more than 175 ℃, the main frequency is not less than 16MHz, a Flash memory (Flash memory belongs to one of memory devices) is a nonvolatile (Non-Volatile) memory not less than 64M, and the microprocessor has the functions of A/D (analog-to-digital converter), D/A (digital-to-analog converter) or PWM (pulse width modulation) (resolution of 10 bits).
The microprocessor is connected with the sensor, and is used for measuring two paths of signals of temperature and pressure of the sensor, the sampling frequency is 10 kHz-100 kHz, and the working state of the underground receiving and transmitting unit/underground monitoring system is acquired; the microprocessor is connected with the memory, performs read-write operation on the memory, and stores and operates the memory by adopting binary codes; the microprocessor is also used for controlling the on-off of the power supply 2 #. The microprocessor is also required to reserve three paths of A/D channels to monitor the battery current, the battery voltage and the power amplifier output current.
The microprocessor software design is divided into hardware driving software, functional module software and logic module software, wherein the hardware driving module is mainly used for clock control, interrupt control, DA waveform output, SPI (serial peripheral interface) memory access and watchdog control; the functional module is mainly used for data coding, sensor data packaging, waveform modulation, data storage (Eeprom) and exception handling. FIG. 4 shows a software structure diagram of a microprocessor in an embodiment of the present invention, in FIG. 4, logic module software is in signal connection with function module software, the logic module software controls data encoding, sensor data encapsulation, waveform modulation, data storage and exception handling control of the function module software, the function module software is internally provided with an encoding submodule, a sensor submodule, a waveform modulation submodule, a storage submodule and an exception handling submodule, and hardware driver software comprises a clock control submodule, an interrupt control submodule, a DA waveform control submodule, an SPI storage submodule and a watchdog control submodule, and the sensor submodule is in communication connection with the interrupt control submodule to control a submodule terminal; the waveform modulation submodule is in communication connection with the DA waveform control submodule and is used for controlling waveform conversion; the storage submodule is in communication connection with the SPI storage submodule and is used for storing data; the exception handling submodule is in communication connection with the watchdog control submodule and is used for handling software exception conditions.
The analog signal amplifying sub-module analog circuit is powered by a power supply 1# and has the working temperature of more than 175 ℃. The method can shape and amplify weak signals (50 uV,5-30 Hz) on an antenna and increase direct current bias for a microprocessor to perform A/D conversion (analog-to-digital conversion), and the signal gain is controlled to be about 10000 times; the analog signal amplifying sub-module sends the direct current bias signal to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor performs A/D conversion on the signal of the analog amplifying circuit; the data is sent out through the D/a channel (digital to analog conversion) or PWM channel.
The analog signal conditioning submodule analog circuit is powered by a power supply No. 2, and the working temperature is more than 175 ℃. The D/A channel signal of the microprocessor is filtered and amplified, and the signal gain is about 3 times.
The power driving sub-module adopts a digital power amplification module, the frequency of the power driving sub-module is 2-10Hz, no current bias exists, the voltage is higher than 15V, the data sent by the microprocessor is amplified in power, the coil or the transmitting antenna is driven, and a strong enough electromagnetic field is generated in the stratum space through current change.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a downhole wireless two-way communication method, which comprises the following steps:
the underground receiving and transmitting unit encodes the acquired information to form a baseband signal and transmits the baseband signal to the modulator;
the modulator carries out amplitude modulation on the baseband signal to form an amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, and the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal is transmitted to a ground transceiver unit through wireless communication after power amplification;
the ground transceiver unit receives, amplifies, demodulates and monitors the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal in real time;
the ground receiving and transmitting unit immediately transmits a control instruction to the underground receiving and transmitting unit in a wireless communication mode according to the change of the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal, and underground two-way communication is completed.
Specifically, the ground transceiver unit demodulates the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, including the following steps: judging whether the buffer is full, if so, carrying out noise reduction treatment on the signal filtering; detecting a synchronous head of the signal after the noise reduction treatment, and if the synchronous head is detected; the signal is demodulated and the demodulated data is output.
Specifically, the receiving the control command signal by the downhole transceiver unit includes: the analog signal amplifying sub-module shapes and amplifies the control command signal, increases direct current bias and sends the direct current bias signal to the microprocessor; the microprocessor performs analog-to-digital conversion on the direct-current bias signal, and encodes, modulates and stores the data after analog-to-digital conversion.
Fig. 3 shows a flow chart of data receiving in the embodiment of the present invention, in fig. 3, a received waveform is output in real time, on the one hand, on the other hand, the received waveform is continuously received until whether a buffer is full, filtering and noise reduction processing is performed on a waveform signal after the buffer is full, at this time, the filtered waveform is output, further, the waveform after the filtering and noise reduction processing is detected, whether a synchronization head is detected is determined, if the synchronization head is not detected, the waveform is continuously received, and if the synchronization head is detected, signal demodulation/channel compensation is performed, on the other hand, a synchronization state is displayed, on the one hand, the compensated/demodulated data is analyzed, the demodulated data is output, the waveform is continuously received, and the above operations are repeated.
The underground wireless two-way communication system disclosed by the invention is applicable to vertical wells such as natural gas, coal bed gas and shale gas, highly-inclined wells and horizontal wells, and is particularly applicable to logging operation of oil and gas wells. Meanwhile, the whole structure and the signal transmission mode related in the invention can be replaced by other modes, but the method and the system architecture still belong to the mode of the invention.
According to the underground wireless two-way communication system and method, on one hand, the underground real-time monitoring can be realized, and the underground data can be timely and accurately acquired; on the other hand, ground staff can directly send instructions to the underground control machine through the ground host machine to control the measurement and other units. The testing blindness is solved, errors and reworks of operation judgment of the testing switch well are reduced, and the success rate of one-time testing is improved. In addition, the wireless two-way communication system is based on low-frequency electromagnetic wave transmission signals, has strong penetrability and long transmission distance, and ensures the stability of the transmission signals.
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A downhole wireless two-way communication system, the system comprising: a downhole transceiver unit, a modulator, a surface transceiver unit,
the underground receiving and transmitting unit is used for encoding the acquired information to form a baseband signal and transmitting the baseband signal to the modulator,
the modulator is used for carrying out amplitude modulation on the baseband signal to form an amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, and the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the ground transceiver unit through wireless communication after power amplification;
the ground receiving and transmitting unit is used for receiving, amplifying, demodulating and monitoring the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal in real time, and also is used for transmitting control instructions to the underground receiving and transmitting unit in a wireless communication manner according to the change of the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal so as to complete underground two-way communication.
2. A downhole wireless bi-directional communication system according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission between the downhole transceiver unit and the surface transceiver unit is an electromagnetic signal of a quasi-stationary electromagnetic field.
3. The downhole wireless bi-directional communication system of claim 1, wherein the collected information comprises pressure and temperature information required for logging and operational status information of a downhole transceiver unit.
4. A downhole wireless bi-directional communication system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein,
the ground transceiver unit and the underground transceiver unit comprise control circuit modules, wherein the control circuit modules comprise a microprocessor, an analog signal amplifying sub-module and an analog signal conditioning sub-module;
the analog signal amplifying sub-module is used for shaping and amplifying the signal and increasing direct current bias, and is also used for sending the signal after the direct current bias to the microprocessor;
the microprocessor is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the DC offset signal and sending the signal to the analog signal conditioning sub-module through the digital-to-analog conversion channel;
the analog signal conditioning sub-module is used for filtering and amplifying the digital-to-analog conversion channel signals sent by the microprocessor.
5. The downhole wireless bi-directional communication system of claim 4, wherein the control circuit module further comprises a power drive sub-module for power amplifying data transmitted by the microprocessor.
6. The downhole wireless bi-directional communication system of claim 4, wherein the microprocessor comprises a hardware driver sub-module, a function sub-module, and a logic sub-module,
the hardware driving sub-module is used for clock control, interrupt control, digital-to-analog conversion waveform output, memory access and watchdog control;
the functional sub-module is used for data coding, sensor data packaging, waveform modulation, data storage and exception handling.
7. A downhole wireless bi-directional communication system according to claim 4, wherein,
the microprocessor is also reserved with a plurality of analog-digital conversion channels for monitoring battery current, battery pressure and power amplifier output current.
8. A downhole wireless bi-directional communication system according to claim 4, wherein,
the control circuit module also comprises a sensor, and the microprocessor is used for measuring temperature and pressure signals of the sensor.
9. A method of downhole wireless bi-directional communication, the method comprising:
the underground receiving and transmitting unit encodes the acquired information to form a baseband signal and transmits the baseband signal to the modulator;
the modulator carries out amplitude modulation on the baseband signal to form an amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal, and the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal is transmitted to a ground transceiver unit through wireless communication after power amplification;
the ground transceiver unit receives, amplifies, demodulates and monitors the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic signal in real time;
the ground receiving and transmitting unit immediately transmits a control instruction to the underground receiving and transmitting unit in a wireless communication mode according to the change of the amplitude modulation electromagnetic signal, and underground two-way communication is completed.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the collected information includes pressure and temperature information required for logging and operational status information of the downhole transceiver unit.
11. A method of downhole wireless bi-directional communication according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the surface transceiver unit demodulating the amplitude modulated electromagnetic signal comprises the steps of:
judging whether the buffer is full, if so, carrying out noise reduction treatment on the signal filtering;
detecting a synchronous head of the signal after the noise reduction treatment, and if the synchronous head is detected;
the signal is demodulated and the demodulated data is output.
12. The downhole wireless bi-directional communication method of claim 9, wherein the receiving the control command signal by the downhole transceiver unit comprises:
the analog signal amplifying sub-module shapes and amplifies the control command signal, increases direct current bias and sends the direct current bias signal to the microprocessor;
the microprocessor performs analog-to-digital conversion on the direct-current bias signal, and encodes, modulates and stores the data after analog-to-digital conversion.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117052380A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-14 | 四川宏大安全技术服务有限公司 | Wireless pressure measurement device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117052380A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-14 | 四川宏大安全技术服务有限公司 | Wireless pressure measurement device and method |
| CN117052380B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-01-02 | 四川宏大安全技术服务有限公司 | Wireless pressure measurement device and method |
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