CN116349805A - 一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料及其制备方法,它包含有麦胚100‑200g、大豆粉160‑260g、龙葵粉160‑260g和南瓜粉100‑200g组份。它还包含有多维葡萄糖30‑40g、琼脂40‑60g、威士盐20‑30mg、蜂蜜2‑7g、对羟基苯甲酸酯8‑16g、山梨酸3‑9g、肌醇1‑3g、叶酸10‑20mg、生物素1‑3mg和酵母粉55‑75g。本发明彻底解决扁角豆芫菁的天然饲料受季节限制的关键问题;使扁角豆芫菁的规模化繁殖成为现实,且降低了饲养成本;扁角豆芫菁的规模化养殖为药企提供充足的斑蝥资源,助力中药材高质量发展,本申请有广阔的市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于昆虫饲养技术领域,更具体地说,特别涉及一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
芫菁类昆虫隶属鞘翅目Coleoptera,异附节类Heteromera、拟步甲总科Tenebrioidea、芫菁科Meloidae,该昆虫以复变态生活史、幼虫寄生性、成虫群居性、化学防御、耐旱性等有趣的生物学特性而显得较为奇特。其体内富含斑蝥素(cantharidin)。斑蝥素(Cantharidin)是芫菁科等昆虫体内合成的一种单萜类防御物质。现代医学已证实,斑蝥素对原发性肝癌、胃癌、宫颈癌等多种癌症以及对多种皮肤病、水肿病、狂犬病等具有很好的疗效。我国目前已开发的含有斑蝥素成份的主要药物有:艾迪注射液、复方斑蝥胶囊、斑蝥酸钠维生素B6注射液(用于治疗肝癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、胃癌、大肠癌、食道癌、鼻咽癌、恶性淋巴瘤、妇科恶性肿瘤、白细胞低下症、肝炎、肝硬化及乙型肝炎病);肝宁片(用于治疗乙肝等);尤斯洛斑蝥素软膏(用于治疗妇科下生殖道尖锐湿疣等皮肤病);艾扶平去甲斑蝥素片(用于治疗肝癌等),由此导致临床上对斑蝥素的需求量急剧增加。
斑蝥素虽然可以人工合成,但条件苛刻且成本非常高。野生芫菁仍是药用斑蝥素及其衍生物的主要来源。而野生芫菁资源有限,随着采集量增加而逐渐枯竭,使得芫菁的人工规模化养殖成为必然。
近年来,关于芫菁的饲养还处于探索阶段,并没有相关报道已经大规模人工饲养。扁角豆芫菁昆虫是复变态生活史,幼虫寄生性,主要取食蝗虫卵;成虫植食性,主要取食茄科(龙葵),豆科植物(菜豆,大豆),葫芦科(南瓜)等新鲜的天然植物。扁角豆芫菁室内饲养一年能够养殖8-9代,且斑蝥素含量高,是一种极其适合规模化养殖的一种产斑蝥素昆虫。但由于天然饲料受季节环境影响大,不能保证一年四季均有天然饲料喂食,限制了其规模化养殖。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料及其制备方法,将龙葵,大豆,南瓜收集后,再将其烘干并研磨成粉储存。基于此,将被加工后的天然饲料配置成适合扁角豆芫菁成虫取食并正常发育的半人工饲料,从而解决扁角豆芫菁规模化饲养时,成虫所需食物由于季节问题导致的致命问题,进一步降低饲养成本。本申请的制备方法基于扁角豆芫菁的食性设计,解决了成虫饲料受季节限制的关键问题,该申请使扁角豆芫菁的规模化养殖更进一步,且节省时间和成本,有效的解决了上述存在的技术问题。
本发明一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料及其制备方法的目的与功效,由以下具体技术手段所达成:
一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料,它包含有麦胚100-200g、大豆粉160-260g、龙葵粉160-260g和南瓜粉100-200g组份。
它还包含有多维葡萄糖30-40g、琼脂40-60g、威士盐20-30mg、蜂蜜2-7g、对羟基苯甲酸酯8-16g、山梨酸3-9g、肌醇1-3g、叶酸10-20mg、生物素1-3mg和酵母粉55-75g。
所述饲料包含有麦胚150g、大豆粉210g、龙葵粉210g和南瓜粉150g组份。
所述饲料还包含有多维葡萄糖35g、琼脂50g、威士盐25mg、蜂蜜5g、对羟基苯甲酸酯12g、山梨酸6g、肌醇2g、叶酸15mg、生物素2mg和酵母粉65g。
一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料的制备方法,所述方法步骤为:一、将麦胚150g、大豆粉210g、龙葵粉210g、南瓜粉150g和水2100mL混合均匀高压灭菌得混合主饲料;二、将琼脂50g和水1400mL煮沸加入步骤一所得的混合主饲料中冷却至60℃备用;三、将威士盐25mg、蜂蜜5g、对羟基苯甲酸酯12g、多维葡萄糖35g、山梨酸6g、肌醇2g、叶酸15mg、生物素2mg和60℃的无菌水20ml混合均匀得辅料;四、将步骤三所得辅料加入到步骤二所得的混合主饲料中,再加入65g酵母粉混合均匀得成品饲料放入冷库储藏备用。
所述步骤一中,高压灭菌的操作条件是:温度121℃、压力1.03-1.24×105P、时间30min。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:
本发明彻底解决扁角豆芫菁的天然饲料受季节限制的关键问题;使扁角豆芫菁的规模化繁殖成为现实,且降低了饲养成本;扁角豆芫菁的规模化养殖为药企提供充足的斑蝥资源,助力中药材高质量发展,本申请有广阔的市场应用前景。
附图说明:
图1为本发明制备的成品饲料饲养图;
图2为本发明的成虫产卵图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不能用来限制本发明的范围。
在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上;术语“同轴”、“底部”、“一端”、“顶部”、“中部”、“另一端”、“上”、“一侧”、“顶部”、“内”、“前部”、“中央”、“两端”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“设置”、“连接”、“固定”、“旋接”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例:
本发明提供一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料,所述饲料包含有麦胚150g、大豆粉210g、龙葵粉210g和南瓜粉150g组份,多维葡萄糖35g、琼脂50g、威士盐25mg、蜂蜜5g、对羟基苯甲酸酯12g、山梨酸6g、肌醇2g、叶酸15mg、生物素2mg和酵母粉65g。
一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料的制备方法,所述方法步骤为:一、将麦胚150g、大豆粉210g、龙葵粉210g、南瓜粉150g和水2100mL混合均匀高压灭菌得混合主饲料,高压灭菌的操作条件是:温度121℃、压力1.03-1.24×105P、时间30min;二、将琼脂50g和水1400mL煮沸加入步骤一所得的混合主饲料中冷却至60℃备用;三、将威士盐25mg、蜂蜜5g、对羟基苯甲酸酯12g、多维葡萄糖35g、山梨酸6g、肌醇2g、叶酸15mg、生物素2mg和60℃的无菌水20ml混合均匀得辅料;四、将步骤三所得辅料加入到步骤二所得的混合主饲料中,再加入65g酵母粉混合均匀得成品饲料放入冷库储藏备用。所得饲料如附图1所示,附图2为实验过程中成虫所产的虫卵。
在实验室内恒定的温度、光周期及土壤含水量合适的情况下,用所配制的人工饲料和天然饲料(新鲜龙葵)饲喂扁角豆芫菁,成虫能正常取食,完成其生长发育。刚羽化的成虫取食天然饲料后,在3~5天就有求偶行为,雌虫交配后4~6天开始产卵,产卵量45~110粒;刚羽化的成虫取食人工饲料后,在3~5天就有求偶行为,雌虫交配后4~6天开始产卵,产卵量65~108粒与用天然饲料饲喂的结果相当,说明本申请的人工饲料完全可以替代普通新鲜天然饲料,扁角豆芫菁成虫完全可以人工大量规模化养殖,解决了规模化养殖存在的饲料问题。
本发明的发明思路是:在饲养过程中,通过其他昆虫的配方进行饲养,发现扁角豆芫菁成虫要么不取食,要么取食后不能正常求偶,交配和产卵。因此,发明人从扁角豆芫菁成虫取食的天然饲料入手,发现仅使用南瓜粉,成虫不取食;南瓜粉加大豆粉,取食,但不能正常发育;大豆粉加南瓜粉加小麦胚芽,能取食交配,但不产卵;最后,在前面失败的基础上加入龙葵粉,发现扁角豆芫菁成虫能够取食,取食后效果与天然饲料的效果相当。发明人再加以辅料,完善后得到了本申请的配方,经实验证明,效果比较理想。
本发明未详述之处,均为本领域技术人员的公知技术。
本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的,而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用,并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。
Claims (6)
1.一种扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料,其特征在于:它包含有麦胚100-200g、大豆粉160-260g、龙葵粉160-260g和南瓜粉100-200g组份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料,其特征在于:它还包含有多维葡萄糖30-40g、琼脂40-60g、威士盐20-30mg、蜂蜜2-7g、对羟基苯甲酸酯8-16g、山梨酸3-9g、肌醇1-3g、叶酸10-20mg、生物素1-3mg和酵母粉55-75g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料,其特征在于:所述饲料包含有麦胚150g、大豆粉210g、龙葵粉210g和南瓜粉150g组份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料,其特征在于:所述饲料还包含有多维葡萄糖35g、琼脂50g、威士盐25mg、蜂蜜5g、对羟基苯甲酸酯12g、山梨酸6g、肌醇2g、叶酸15mg、生物素2mg和酵母粉65g。
5.根据权利要求4所述的扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法步骤为:一、将麦胚150g、大豆粉210g、龙葵粉210g、南瓜粉150g和水2100mL混合均匀高压灭菌得混合主饲料;二、将琼脂50g和水1400mL煮沸加入步骤一所得的混合主饲料中冷却至60℃备用;三、将威士盐25mg、蜂蜜5g、对羟基苯甲酸酯12g、多维葡萄糖35g、山梨酸6g、肌醇2g、叶酸15mg、生物素2mg和60℃的无菌水20ml混合均匀得辅料;四、将步骤三所得辅料加入到步骤二所得的混合主饲料中,再加入65g酵母粉混合均匀得成品饲料放入冷库储藏备用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的扁角豆芫菁成虫饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,高压灭菌的操作条件是:温度121℃、压力1.03-1.24×105P、时间30min。
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