CN116345174A - Frequency-adjustable energy selection unit and surface - Google Patents
Frequency-adjustable energy selection unit and surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN116345174A CN116345174A CN202310161272.9A CN202310161272A CN116345174A CN 116345174 A CN116345174 A CN 116345174A CN 202310161272 A CN202310161272 A CN 202310161272A CN 116345174 A CN116345174 A CN 116345174A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0026—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a frequency-adjustable energy selection unit and a surface, which comprise three layers of metal units, diode combinations and a dielectric substrate, realize a work frequency agility function based on manual control by externally applied bias voltage and an energy selection function by sensing space energy adaptive control, and have multiple functions of work frequency selection, work frequency agility and space energy selection. The invention solves the defect that the working frequency of the energy selection surface is not adjustable, so that the energy selection surface not only can realize strong electromagnetic protection, but also can resist electronic interference, and greatly expands the functions of the energy selection surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of electromagnetic protection, in particular to an energy selection unit with adjustable frequency and a surface.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, the integration, intellectualization and miniaturization degree of various electronic information devices are continuously improved, the frequency is increasingly improved, the energy consumption is increasingly reduced, the performance is greatly improved, and the sensitivity and the vulnerability of the electronic information devices to electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic attack are greatly improved. Meanwhile, as electronic devices are increased, electromagnetic environments are more complex, and mutual interference and mutual influence exist among different devices. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the adaptability of electronic devices in complex electromagnetic environments, that is, the capability of resisting electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic damage.
At present, the protection means of strong electromagnetic threat mainly comprise 'back door' protection means such as filtering, shielding and grounding, and the like, and the research is relatively deep. The research on the protection means of the front door is insufficient, and a high-power amplitude limiter is mainly added in a front-end circuit at present, and the high-power attenuator can greatly attenuate the current flowing into the circuit, but can influence the passing of normal signals while meeting the requirement of greatly attenuating signals. There are also means to add filters or Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) to the front end, which isolate the high power signals out of band, but the strong electromagnetic threat in-band is not protected. In addition, a filter or a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is additionally arranged at the front end, so that out-of-band high-power signals can be isolated, but the working state of the front end cannot be adaptively changed according to the change of electromagnetic environment, and strong electromagnetic pulses with frequencies within a passband cannot be effectively protected.
The Energy Selecting Surface (ESS) is an adaptive strong electromagnetic protection device for a front door, and as proposed in the patent document with publication number CN101754668A, the electromagnetic energy selecting surface has electromagnetic energy low-pass characteristics, and protection below the L-band is achieved. The energy selective surface is mainly formed into a periodic structure by using PIN diodes instead of a part of a metal grid. The large impedance characteristic difference of the PIN diode under the zero bias condition and the positive bias condition is utilized, the on-off of the diode is controlled by controlling the voltage induced at the two ends of the diode through the intensity of an incident electromagnetic field, so that the protection structure is equivalent to a non-connected metal structure before and after the diode is conducted, and the protection structure is equivalent to a complete metal shielding net, thereby generating different transmission characteristics of the incident electromagnetic field and playing the function of self-adaptive protection. The energy selection surface can adaptively shield strong electromagnetic pulses on the premise of not affecting the normal operation of the electronic equipment, and the proposal and design of the energy selection surface have important significance for the strong electromagnetic pulses. Hereinafter, a C-band broadband energy selection surface is proposed in the patent document of publication No. CN112103660a, and an X-band energy selection surface is proposed in the patent document of publication No. CN113131221 a. The technical scheme of the energy selection surface proposed in the prior patent document solves the problem of strong electromagnetic protection in the working band from a new angle, can effectively protect the strong electromagnetic signals and does not influence the normal operation of equipment. However, the working frequency band of the energy selective protection surface proposed in the above patent is fixed and cannot be changed once designed, so that the practicability is low. In addition, in a complex electromagnetic environment, a fixed working frequency band is easy to be interfered, and the problem of interference resistance is difficult to be solved.
In comparison with the operating frequency band, the published literature reports that energy selection surfaces with adjustable characteristics of the operating frequency have not been proposed for a while. Many communication systems today have frequency agility and interference immunity requirements, and it is therefore important to develop energy selective surfaces with variable operating frequency bands.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an energy selection unit with adjustable frequency and a surface. The invention provides a concept of an adjustable energy selection surface and a specific implementation method, and solves the defect that the working frequency of the energy selection surface is not adjustable, so that the energy selection surface not only can realize strong electromagnetic protection, but also can resist electronic interference, and the function of the energy selection surface is greatly expanded.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the energy selection unit with adjustable frequency comprises a top metal unit, a first layer of dielectric substrate, a middle layer of dielectric substrate, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a bottom metal unit which are sequentially stacked from bottom to bottom; the center of the adjustable energy selection unit is provided with a metal via hole penetrating through the top metal unit, the first layer of medium substrate, the middle layer of medium substrate, the second layer of medium substrate and the bottom metal unit, and the top metal unit, the middle layer of medium metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected through the metal via hole;
the top-layer metal unit comprises a peripheral metal frame and a cross-shaped metal sheet positioned in the center of the metal frame, four sides of the cross-shaped metal sheet are respectively opposite to four sides of the metal frame, a pair of diodes connected in parallel are loaded between opposite gaps, and each pair of diodes comprises a PIN diode and a varactor diode; the anode and cathode directions of all diodes of the metal unit are the same;
the middle layer metal unit comprises two strip metal sheets which are crossed vertically, the two strip metal sheets are crossed at the respective midpoints, and the metal via hole is connected with the midpoints of the two strip metal sheets;
the structural design of the bottom metal unit is the same as that of the top metal unit;
the capacitance value of each varactor in the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit is regulated and controlled by the applied bias voltage, and the on-off of the PIN diode is automatically controlled by the space electromagnetic wave.
Further, the first layer of dielectric substrate and the second layer of dielectric substrate are the same in material and thickness.
Further, when the power supply is externally fed, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the same pole of the power supply, the strip metal sheet of the middle metal unit is connected with the other pole of the power supply, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply are opposite to the positive pole and the negative pole of the diode in the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit. This can be divided into two cases, specifically as follows:
when the anodes of all the diodes are connected with the cross-shaped metal sheet and the cathodes of all the diodes are connected with the metal frame, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the anodes of the power supply, and the strip metal sheet of the middle metal unit is connected with the cathodes of the power supply;
when all diode cathodes are connected with the cross-shaped metal sheet, and all diode anodes are connected with the metal frame, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the cathodes of the power supply, and the strip metal sheet of the middle metal unit is connected with the anodes of the power supply.
Furthermore, the four sides of the cross-shaped metal sheet are respectively vertically opposite to the four sides of the metal frame, and the opposite gap spacing is equal.
Further, the cross section of the adjustable energy selection unit is square, the metal frame is a square metal frame, and the side length of the metal frame is equal to the side length of the adjustable energy selection unit.
Further, the lengths of the two strip metal sheets are equal to the side length of the adjustable energy selection unit, and the two strip metal sheets are respectively parallel to the transverse side and the longitudinal side of the adjustable energy selection unit.
Further, the two strip metal sheets of the invention have equal widths.
Furthermore, the invention realizes the frequency regulation function and the energy selection function of the energy selection unit through the combination of the semiconductor device formed by the PIN diode and the varactor diode, wherein the capacitance value of the varactor diode is regulated and controlled artificially through the applied direct current bias voltage, and the on-off of the PIN diode is controlled autonomously by the space electromagnetic wave.
Specifically, when the electromagnetic energy in the space is lower than a design threshold, the PIN diode is in a non-conducting state, and the PIN diode is equivalent to a capacitor; the PIN diode, the varactor diode and each metal unit jointly generate a bandpass electromagnetic response, and signals in the bandpass can penetrate; at the moment, the total capacitance of the PIN diode and the varactor diode is controlled by the DC bias voltage applied to the varactor diode, and the working frequency band of the energy selection unit is regulated and controlled by changing the DC bias voltage applied to the varactor diode;
when electromagnetic energy in the space is higher than a design threshold, the PIN diode is conducted by a radio frequency signal induced on the metal structure, equivalent to a resistor, the varactor diode is short-circuited, the passband of the energy selection unit is closed, and the electromagnetic signal is reflected.
Based on any one of the above frequency-tunable energy selection units, the present invention provides a frequency-tunable energy selection surface comprising a series of frequency-tunable energy selection units arranged in a periodic array,
compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
the invention provides an intelligent electromagnetic material capable of improving electromagnetic damage resistance and electromagnetic interference resistance of electronic equipment, namely an energy selection unit with adjustable frequency, and further provides an energy selection surface with adjustable frequency based on the energy selection unit with adjustable frequency.
The energy selection surface comprises a series of frequency tunable energy selection units arranged in a periodic array. Through the structural design of the energy selection unit, the design of the three-layer metal unit, the diode combination and the dielectric substrate is specifically included, the work frequency agility function based on manual control through externally applied bias voltage and the energy selection function through sensing space energy self-adaptive control are realized, and the energy selection device has multiple functions of work frequency selection, work frequency band agility and space energy selection.
In the invention, the combination mode and the placement position of the diode are specially designed, so that the manual control and the self-adaptive response dual control can be realized. When the electromagnetic energy in the weak electromagnetic energy environment, namely the space is smaller and is lower than the design threshold value, the PIN diode is not conducted, the working frequency band of the energy selection unit can be regulated and controlled through the size of the direct current bias voltage applied to the varactor diode, and the regulation and control process can be controlled manually or automatically through manual design and can be used for resisting electromagnetic interference. When the space electromagnetic energy exceeds a design threshold, the invention can adaptively sense the energy intensity, the working passband is closed by sensing the energy of the space electromagnetic wave to control the conduction state of the PIN diode, the electromagnetic wave is shielded, the process is adaptively controlled by equipment, the electromagnetic energy shielding device can be used for electromagnetic protection, the safety of electronic equipment is protected, the electronic interference resistance can be carried out, and the function of an energy selection surface is greatly expanded.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top metal unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interlayer metal unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an underlying metal unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit model of an energy selection unit with adjustable frequency when a PIN diode is not conducted in a weak electromagnetic energy environment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit model of an energy selection unit with adjustable frequency when a PIN diode is turned on in a strong electromagnetic energy environment;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing transmission parameters of the frequency-tunable energy selection unit under different states according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the drawing is marked:
1. a top metal unit; 11. a first metal frame; 12. a first cross-shaped metal sheet;
2. a first layer of dielectric substrate;
3. an interlayer metal unit; 31. a first elongated metal sheet; 32. a second elongated metal sheet;
4. a second layer of dielectric substrate;
5. a bottom metal unit; 51. a first metal frame; 52. a first cross-shaped metal sheet;
6. a metal via;
7. a varactor diode;
8. a PIN diode.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, descriptions such as those referred to as "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an order of magnitude of the indicated technical features in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered as not existing, and not falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, a frequency-adjustable energy selecting unit is provided, which includes a top metal unit 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, an intermediate metal unit 3, a second dielectric substrate 4, and a bottom metal unit 5 sequentially stacked from bottom to bottom; the center of the adjustable energy selection unit is provided with a metal via hole 6 penetrating through the top metal unit 1, the first layer dielectric substrate 2, the middle layer metal unit 3, the second layer dielectric substrate 4 and the bottom metal unit 5, and the top metal unit 1, the middle layer metal unit 3 and the bottom metal unit 5 are connected through the metal via hole 6. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4 are made of the same material and have the same thickness. When in manual feeding, the top metal unit 1 and the bottom metal unit 5 are connected with the same pole of the power supply, and the middle metal unit 3 is connected with the other pole of the power supply. The anode and the cathode of the power supply are opposite to the anode and the cathode of the diode in the top and bottom metal units.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the tunable energy selection unit is square, and the top metal unit 1 includes a peripheral first metal frame 11 and a first cross-shaped metal sheet 12 located at the center of the first metal frame 11. The first metal frame 11 is a square frame, and the side length of the first metal frame 11 is equal to the side length of the adjustable energy selection unit, and p is all the side length. The width of the metal sheet adopted by the first metal frame is s. The first cross-shaped metal sheet 12 has a vertically-laterally symmetrical structure, and four metal sheet sides of the first cross-shaped metal sheet 12 are equal in width and length, and have a length c. The metal via 6 passes through the center of the first cross-shaped metal sheet 12.
Referring to fig. 2, four sides of the first cross-shaped metal sheet 12 are respectively opposite to four sides of the first metal frame 11, and a pair of diodes are loaded between the opposite gaps. The four sides of the first cross-shaped metal sheet 12 are respectively vertically opposite to four sides of the first metal frame 11, and the opposite gap spacing is equal, and the gap spacing is f. Each pair of diodes comprises a varactor diode 7 and a PIN diode 8; the positive and negative directions of all diodes are the same, the positive poles of all diodes are connected with the first cross-shaped metal sheet 12, the negative poles of all diodes are connected with the first metal frame 11, or the negative poles of all diodes are connected with the first cross-shaped metal sheet 12, and the positive poles of all diodes are connected with the first metal frame 11.
Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the tunable energy selection unit is square, and the intermediate metal unit 3 includes two elongated metal sheets that are vertically intersected in a cross shape, namely a first elongated metal sheet 31 and a second elongated metal sheet 32. The lengths of the first strip metal sheet 31 and the second strip metal sheet 32 are equal to the side length p of the adjustable energy selection unit, and the two strip metal sheets are parallel to the transverse side and the longitudinal side of the adjustable energy selection unit respectively. The first strip metal sheet 31 and the second strip metal sheet 32 intersect at respective midpoints, and the metal via 6 passes through the intersection of the first strip metal sheet 31 and the second strip metal sheet 32 and is connected to the midpoints of the two strip metal sheets. Preferably, the widths of the metal sheets used for the first long metal sheet 31 and the second long metal sheet 32 are equal, and are set to w.
The structural design of the bottom metal unit is the same as that of the top metal unit. Referring to fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the tunable energy selection unit is square, and the bottom metal unit 5 includes a second metal frame 51 at the periphery and a twentieth metal sheet 52 located at the center of the second metal frame 51. The second metal frame 51 is a square frame, and the side length of the second metal frame 51 is equal to the side length of the adjustable energy selection unit, and p is all the side length. The width of the metal sheet adopted by the first metal frame is s. The twenty-first metal piece 52 has a vertically-laterally symmetrical structure, and the four metal piece sides of the twenty-first metal piece 52 are equal in width and length, and have a length c. The metal via 6 passes through the center of the twentieth metal piece 52.
Referring to fig. 4, four sides of the second metal frame 51 are respectively opposite to four sides of the second metal frame 52, and a pair of diodes are loaded between the opposite gaps. The four sides of the twenty-first metal sheet 52 are respectively vertically opposite to the four sides of the second metal frame 51, and the gap spacing is equal to the gap spacing f. Each pair of diodes comprises a varactor diode 7 and a PIN diode 8; the positive and negative directions of all the diodes are the same, the positive poles of all the diodes are connected with the twenty-first metal sheet 52, the negative poles of all the diodes are connected with the second metal frame 51, or the negative poles of all the diodes are connected with the twenty-first metal sheet 52, and the positive poles of all the diodes are connected with the second metal frame 51.
In a preferred embodiment, each layer of metal unit adopts the design structure shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4 respectively, when the power is fed manually, the top layer metal unit 1 and the bottom layer metal unit 5 are connected with the same pole of the power supply, the middle layer metal unit 3 is connected with the other pole of the power supply, and the two cases are specifically divided:
when the anodes of all diodes in the top and bottom metal units are connected with the cross-shaped metal sheets in the metal units, and the cathodes of all diodes are connected with the metal frames in the metal units, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the anodes of the power supply, and the strip metal sheets of the middle metal unit are connected with the cathodes of the power supply.
When the cathodes of all diodes in the top and bottom metal units are connected with the cross-shaped metal sheets in the metal units, and the anodes of all diodes are connected with the metal frames in the metal units, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the cathodes of the power supply, and the strip metal sheets of the middle metal unit are connected with the anodes of the power supply.
The capacitance of each varactor in the top metal unit 1 and the bottom metal unit 5 is regulated and controlled by the applied direct-current bias voltage, and the on-off of the PIN diode is automatically controlled by the space electromagnetic wave. The varactor diode controls the operating frequency of the energy selection unit, while the PIN diode controls the magnitude of the attenuation of the electromagnetic signal by the energy selection unit. The control mode and the regulation and control action of the two diodes are different and independent from each other.
In a preferred embodiment, each layer of metal unit adopts the design structure shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit model diagram of the energy selection unit with adjustable frequency when the PIN diode is not conducted under the weak electromagnetic energy environment; fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of an energy selection unit with an adjustable frequency when a PIN diode is turned on in a strong electromagnetic energy environment, wherein L1 represents a cross-shaped metal sheet in a top metal unit and a bottom metal unit, L2 represents a metal frame in the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit, and Ls represents two strip-shaped metal sheets of a middle metal unit which are vertically intersected in a cross shape. The invention realizes the frequency regulation function and the energy selection function through the combination of the semiconductor device formed by the PIN diode 8 and the varactor diode 7. The varactor diode 7 is regulated by a dc bias voltage, and the PIN diode 8 is controlled by a radio frequency signal in space. Specifically, when reverse bias voltages are applied to the varactor diode 7 and the PIN diode 8, the capacitance value of the varactor diode 7 will change with the magnitude of the bias voltage, and the equivalent capacitance of the PIN diode 8 will remain unchanged in the process. Thus, the two diodes are equivalent to a variable capacitance, the total capacitance value varying with the dc bias voltage.
The PIN diode 8 has a switching characteristic when in the radio frequency signal. When the electromagnetic energy in the space is stronger and the PIN diode 8 is conducted, the PIN diode is equivalent to a resistor with a small resistance value (less than 10 ohms), and is short-circuited for radio frequency signals, the varactor diode 7 connected in parallel with the PIN diode is also short-circuited, so that the two diodes are equivalent to a radio frequency switch, and the on-off of the switch is controlled by the intensity of the radio frequency signals.
The specific working process is as follows:
when the electromagnetic energy in the space is smaller, the electromagnetic energy in the space is lower than a design threshold value, the PIN diode is in a non-conducting state, the PIN diode and the varactor diode are equivalent together to form a variable capacitor Cv, and the Cv can be controlled by an externally applied direct current bias voltage; the whole circuit is a second-order band-pass filter, and the position of a pass band can be controlled by changing Cv, so that the regulation and control of the working frequency of the energy selection surface can be realized. Namely, a PIN diode, a varactor diode and each metal unit jointly generate a bandpass electromagnetic response, and signals in the bandpass can penetrate; at the moment, the total capacitance of the PIN diode and the varactor diode is controlled by the DC bias voltage applied to the varactor diode, and the working frequency band of the energy selection unit is regulated and controlled by changing the DC bias voltage applied to the varactor diode;
when the electromagnetic energy in the space is larger and is higher than a design threshold, the PIN diode is conducted by a radio frequency signal induced by the metal structure and is equivalent to a fixed resistor Rv, the varactor diode is shorted, the whole circuit is equivalent to three-stage parallel inductors, the passband of the energy selection unit is closed, the electromagnetic signal is reflected, the electromagnetic wave cannot propagate, and the strong electromagnetic signal is shielded.
According to the scheme, through structural design of the energy selection unit, the three-layer metal unit, the diode combination and the dielectric substrate are designed, the energy selection surface with adjustable working frequency is realized through the combination of the PIN diode and the varactor diode, the working frequency of the energy selection unit is changed by controlling the application of different direct current bias voltages to the varactor diode, the attenuation of the energy selection unit to electromagnetic signals is controlled through the PIN diode, and the energy selection unit can adaptively sense space electromagnetic energy without manually controlling the attenuation of the electromagnetic signals. In particular, the attenuation of signals is reduced at low electromagnetic energy and is greater at strong electromagnetic energy.
The direct-current bias voltage applied to the varactor can be regulated and controlled manually according to the application condition, so that the invention realizes the combination of two control modes of manual control and strong electromagnetic self-adaptive perception control.
The structure of the invention has general characteristics, and based on the structural design, the technical personnel in the art can change specific structural parameters (the structural parameters include, but are not limited to, the width and the length of the metal sheet/the metal strip/the metal frame, the material of the metal sheet/the metal strip/the metal frame, the selection of two diodes, the size and the material of the medium substrate, and the like), and the working frequency band can be moved to other frequency bands.
In a preferred embodiment, each layer of metal units adopts the design structure shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4 respectively, when power is externally fed, the metal frames around the top layer metal unit and the bottom layer metal unit are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the strip-shaped metal strip of the middle layer metal unit is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.
The invention has passed the simulation, the experiment verifies, and has developed the prototype, the test result is consistent with expecting. In a specific embodiment, the structure shown in fig. 1 is adopted, the metal units of each layer are respectively designed in the structures shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, wherein the PIN diode is BA-51-02 of encarpium company, the dielectric plate is F4B, the thickness H is 2.2mm, the varactor diode is MA46H12 of MACOM company, and detailed parameter values of other structures are given in table 1:
TABLE 1 frequency tunable energy selection surface Structure parameters (Unit: mm)
The transmission parameters of the frequency-tunable energy selection unit in different states are shown in fig. 3. It can be seen that in a low electromagnetic energy environment, the transmission curve of the frequency-adjustable energy selection unit can be controlled by adjusting and controlling the capacitance value of the varactor, the center frequency is adjusted and controlled from about 5.5GHz to 3.3GHz, the function can be used for resisting electromagnetic interference, and the effect of adjusting and controlling is obvious. Under the strong electromagnetic signal, the signal passband is closed, the transmission coefficient is less than 30dB, the strong electromagnetic wave is reflected, and the function can be used for resisting the damage of the strong electromagnetic wave.
All diode models in the present invention may be replaced with other diodes having the same characteristics. The thickness and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate can be appropriately adjusted. The size of each layer of metal unit can be scaled and applied to other frequency bands. The feeding mode in the invention can be changed along with the arrangement mode of the diodes. The invention can be used for resisting electromagnetic damage and electromagnetic interference and applying electronic interference. The regulation and control mode of the PIN diode and varactor diode combination provided by the invention can also be used for designing artificial electromagnetic structures with other functions.
Based on the frequency-adjustable energy selecting unit provided in any of the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention provides a frequency-adjustable energy selecting surface, which includes a series of frequency-adjustable energy selecting units arranged in a periodic array.
When the electromagnetic energy in the space is lower than the design threshold, the invention has the function of spatial filtering, and allows electromagnetic waves in the working frequency band to penetrate. The internode capacitance of the varactor can be controlled by applying bias voltage, so that the working frequency of the varactor is regulated and controlled, and the regulation and control process is manually controlled and can be used for resisting electromagnetic interference; when the space electromagnetic energy exceeds a design threshold, the invention can adaptively sense the energy intensity, the conduction state of the PIN diode is controlled by sensing the energy of the space electromagnetic wave, so that the working passband is closed, the electromagnetic wave is shielded, and the process is adaptively controlled by equipment and is used for resisting electromagnetic damage.
The invention has the dual characteristics of frequency regulation and energy regulation. In the frequency domain, the invention has a spatial filtering function, is represented as a bandpass filter, and the working frequency band can be regulated and controlled by externally applied offset voltage; in the energy domain, it is represented as an "energy low pass" energy selector. The invention can change the working state by two modes. Firstly, under manual control, the working frequency can be adjusted in a certain range through direct current bias voltage. Secondly, electromagnetic energy in a space is perceived by the equipment, so that electromagnetic signals are attenuated to different degrees: when the electromagnetic field energy in the space is smaller than the set energy threshold, the attenuation of electromagnetic signals is small, and the signals are received by the system through the working frequency band; when the electromagnetic field energy in the space is greater than the set threshold, the attenuation of the electromagnetic signal is large and the signal cannot be received. The invention is applied to the front door protection of an electronic system, can adaptively protect the electronic system from being threatened by strong electromagnetic pulse, can be used for communication anti-interference, and has important significance for improving the survivability and anti-interference capability of electronic equipment in a complex environment.
Compared with other existing patents, the invention realizes the energy selection protection characteristic with adjustable working frequency for the first time, has obvious adjustable effect, has excellent protection capability compared with the existing documents, and has innovation.
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples merely represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. The frequency-adjustable energy selection unit is characterized by comprising a top metal unit, a first layer of dielectric substrate, a middle layer of metal unit, a second layer of dielectric substrate and a bottom metal unit which are sequentially stacked from bottom to bottom; the center of the adjustable energy selection unit is provided with a metal via hole penetrating through the top metal unit, the first layer of medium substrate, the middle layer of medium substrate, the second layer of medium substrate and the bottom metal unit, and the top metal unit, the middle layer of medium metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected through the metal via hole;
the top-layer metal unit comprises a peripheral metal frame and a cross-shaped metal sheet positioned in the center of the metal frame, four sides of the cross-shaped metal sheet are respectively opposite to four sides of the metal frame, a pair of diodes connected in parallel are loaded between opposite gaps, and each pair of diodes comprises a PIN diode and a varactor diode; the anode and cathode directions of all diodes of the metal unit are the same;
the middle layer metal unit comprises two strip metal sheets which are crossed vertically, the two strip metal sheets are crossed at the respective midpoints, and the metal via hole is connected with the midpoints of the two strip metal sheets;
the structural design of the bottom metal unit is the same as that of the top metal unit;
the capacitance value of each varactor in the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit is regulated and controlled by the applied bias voltage, and the on-off of the PIN diode is automatically controlled by the space electromagnetic wave.
2. The frequency tunable energy selection unit of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are of the same material and of the same thickness.
3. The energy selection unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal rims of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected to the same pole of the power supply, the strip metal sheet of the middle metal unit is connected to the other pole of the power supply, and the positive and negative poles of the power supply are opposite to the positive and negative poles of the diodes in the top and bottom metal units when the power is supplied externally.
4. The energy selection unit of claim 3, wherein anodes of all diodes are connected with the cross-shaped metal sheet, cathodes of all diodes are connected with the metal frame, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the anodes of the power supply, and the strip-shaped metal sheet of the middle metal unit is connected with the cathodes of the power supply;
or, all diode cathodes are connected with the cross-shaped metal sheet, all diode anodes are connected with the metal frame, the metal frames of the top metal unit and the bottom metal unit are connected with the cathodes of the power sources, and the strip metal sheet of the middle metal unit is connected with the anodes of the power sources.
5. A frequency tunable energy selection unit according to claim 3, wherein the four sides of the cross-shaped metal sheet are vertically opposite the four sides of the metal frame, respectively, and the opposite gap spacing is equal.
6. The adjustable frequency energy selecting unit of claim 5, wherein the cross section of the adjustable energy selecting unit is square, the metal frame is a square metal frame, and the side length of the metal frame is equal to the side length of the adjustable energy selecting unit.
7. The adjustable frequency energy selecting unit of claim 5, wherein the length of the strip metal sheet is equal to the side length of the adjustable energy selecting unit, and the two strip metal sheets are parallel to the lateral side and the longitudinal side of the adjustable energy selecting unit, respectively.
8. The energy selecting unit according to claim 5, wherein the frequency adjusting function and the energy selecting function of the energy selecting unit are realized by a combination of a semiconductor device composed of a PIN diode and a varactor diode, wherein the capacitance value of the varactor diode is manually adjusted by an applied direct current bias voltage, and the on-off of the PIN diode is autonomously controlled by a space electromagnetic wave.
9. The energy selection unit of claim 8, wherein the PIN diode is in a non-conductive state when the electromagnetic energy in the space is below a design threshold, the PIN diode being equivalent to a capacitor; the PIN diode, the varactor diode and each metal unit jointly generate a bandpass electromagnetic response, and signals in the bandpass can penetrate; at the moment, the total capacitance of the PIN diode and the varactor diode is controlled by the DC bias voltage applied to the varactor diode, and the working frequency band of the energy selection unit is regulated and controlled by changing the DC bias voltage applied to the varactor diode;
when electromagnetic energy in the space is higher than a design threshold, the PIN diode is conducted by a radio frequency signal induced on the metal structure, equivalent to a resistor, the varactor diode is short-circuited, the passband of the energy selection unit is closed, and the electromagnetic signal is reflected.
10. A frequency tunable energy selection surface comprising a series of frequency tunable energy selection units according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 arranged in a periodic array.
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| CN202310161272.9A CN116345174A (en) | 2023-02-24 | 2023-02-24 | Frequency-adjustable energy selection unit and surface |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116885450A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-13 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Multi-polarization horn antenna with strong electromagnetic pulse protection function |
| CN117013268A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-11-07 | 安徽大学 | Self-adaptive energy-frequency integrated interference elimination super-structure electromagnetic structure |
| CN118174035A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-06-11 | 南京理工大学 | C-band broadband energy selection surface unit with ultrahigh shielding effectiveness and surface |
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2023
- 2023-02-24 CN CN202310161272.9A patent/CN116345174A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116885450A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-13 | 北京星英联微波科技有限责任公司 | Multi-polarization horn antenna with strong electromagnetic pulse protection function |
| CN117013268A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-11-07 | 安徽大学 | Self-adaptive energy-frequency integrated interference elimination super-structure electromagnetic structure |
| CN117013268B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2024-05-31 | 安徽大学 | Self-adaptive energy-frequency integrated interference elimination super-structure electromagnetic structure |
| CN118174035A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-06-11 | 南京理工大学 | C-band broadband energy selection surface unit with ultrahigh shielding effectiveness and surface |
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