CN116344644A - Photovoltaic module and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116344644A CN116344644A CN202310360696.8A CN202310360696A CN116344644A CN 116344644 A CN116344644 A CN 116344644A CN 202310360696 A CN202310360696 A CN 202310360696A CN 116344644 A CN116344644 A CN 116344644A
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic module, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises front plate glass and back plate glass; the front plate glass is divided into a middle area and a trimming area, and a battery functional layer is arranged in the middle area; buffer strips are arranged at the peripheral edges of the battery functional layer, cover the edges of the battery functional layer and extend out of the edges. According to the invention, the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of the battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transmitted to the battery sheet layer of the front plate glass can be blocked, the battery is protected, appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the film layer of the battery are prevented, the risks of appearance defects and electrical property reduction are effectively avoided, and the appearance defect caused by delamination of the edge battery of the photovoltaic module is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and relates to a photovoltaic module, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, along with popularization of clean energy, photovoltaic technology is vigorously developed, and various technical circuits are endless. Because the cost of the materials used by the thin film solar cell is low and the process is relatively simple, the thin film solar cell is widely focused, and technicians researching the thin film solar cell are increasingly huge, so that the efficiency of the thin film solar cell is promoted to be greatly improved in a short period.
As with most film assemblies and heterojunction assemblies, the film assemblies with the junction boxes on the backs are adopted to try double-glass packaging, the battery pieces are deposited on the front plate glass, the positive and negative electrodes are led out of the holes of the back plate glass through bus bars, and the junction boxes are connected outside the holes through packaging adhesive films and the back plate glass. However, the existing assembly process cannot meet the application requirements of the thin film assembly and needs to be further improved.
Delamination between cell layers at the edges of existing photovoltaic modules is likely to occur, which can result in severe appearance defects.
Therefore, how to avoid the falling-off of the battery edge film layer is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic module, and a preparation method and application thereof, and the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of a battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transferred to a battery sheet layer of front plate glass can be blocked, thereby protecting the battery, preventing appearance defects and electrical performance defects caused by falling of the battery film layer, effectively avoiding risks of appearance defects and electrical performance degradation, and solving appearance defects caused by delamination of the battery at the edge of the photovoltaic module.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module comprising a front sheet glass and a back sheet glass; the front plate glass is divided into a middle area and a trimming area, and a battery functional layer is arranged in the middle area;
buffer strips are arranged at the peripheral edges of the battery functional layer, cover the edges of the battery functional layer and extend out of the edges.
According to the invention, the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of the battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transmitted to the battery sheet layer of the front plate glass can be blocked, the battery is protected, appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the film layer of the battery are prevented, the risks of appearance defects and electrical property reduction are effectively avoided, and the appearance defect caused by delamination of the edge battery of the photovoltaic module is solved.
The front plate glass is divided into a middle area and a trimming area, the middle area is an area which has the same shape as the front plate glass and is positioned at the central position of the front plate glass, and the trimming area is an area which is left by the front plate glass after the middle area is removed, and the positions of the trimming area are positioned around the middle area.
Preferably, the buffer strip covers the edge of the middle region by 6-12 mm, for example 6mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm or 12mm, but not limited to the values recited, other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the bumper strip extends beyond the edge of the intermediate region by 2 to 5mm, for example 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable.
The width of the area covered by the buffer strip effectively prevents the film layer of the battery from falling off, thereby further improving the protection effect.
Preferably, the buffer strip comprises a sarin-PET (polyethylene terephthalate) -sarin composite film. The sarin-PET-sarin composite film is a composite film material obtained by a layer of sarin, a layer of PET and a layer of sand Lin Cengdie.
Preferably, the thickness of the single-layer sarin in the sarin-PET-sarin composite film is 30 to 70 μm, for example, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm or 70 μm, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the thickness of the monolayer PET in the sarin-PET-sarin composite film is 20-50 μm, for example, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 50 μm, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable.
The adhesion force between the sarin and PET and POE (ethylene-octene copolymer) is weaker than the interlayer binding force of the battery film and the binding force of POE and a battery electrode. After the photovoltaic module is subjected to lamination cooling, the buffer strips can block stress generated by the original shape recovery of the front plate glass and transmitted to the battery sheet layer, so that the battery is protected, and appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the battery film layer are prevented.
Preferably, the back plate glass is provided with an extraction hole, and the extraction hole is sealed by hole plugging glue; the hole plugging glue comprises butyl glue.
Preferably, an insulating strip is arranged between the front plate glass and the packaging adhesive film, and the length direction of the insulating strip is perpendicular to the length direction of the battery in the middle area. The length direction of the insulating strip extends across all the sub-cells of the intermediate region and extends beyond the intermediate region by 2 to 3mm, for example 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm or 3mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, a water blocking film is arranged at the position of the insulating strip corresponding to the extraction hole.
Preferably, the width of the insulating strip is 8-15 mm, for example 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 13mm or 15mm, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the water blocking film includes a laminate structure of acrylic resin-ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) -acrylic resin. The acrylic resin-ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) -acrylic resin refers to a layered structure in which one layer of acrylic resin, one layer of ETFE and one layer of acrylic resin are layered.
The thickness of the acrylic resin in a single layer is preferably 15 to 50. Mu.m, and may be, for example, 15 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm or 50. Mu.m, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the ETFE of a single layer has a thickness of 20 to 50 μm, for example, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 50 μm, but not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the side length of the water blocking film is 80 to 120mm, for example, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 110mm or 120mm, but the water blocking film is not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable.
The material of the water-blocking film provided by the invention has good cohesiveness with PET, POE, glass, metal and other materials, and has acid and alkali resistance, and the water vapor permeability can be as low as 10 -4 g/(m 2 Day). The water blocking film is arranged at the position corresponding to the extraction hole on the insulating strip, even if water vapor enters the assembly from the extraction hole, the water vapor needs to bypass a certain distance to be in contact with the perovskite battery, and the water vapor can only permeate the POE adhesive film for 7-8mm under the condition of double 85 hours, so that the water blocking film provided by the invention can completely and effectively block the water vapor in an outdoor application scene, and the service life of a product is prolonged by more than 25 years.
Preferably, the photovoltaic module further comprises a junction box, the junction box and the back plate glass are bonded by adopting bonding glue, and pouring sealant is arranged in the junction box.
Preferably, the height of the inner cavity of the junction box is 15-20mm, for example, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm or 20mm, but the junction box is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values in the range of values are equally applicable.
The photovoltaic module comprises a junction box with an inner cavity height of 15-20 mm. The bus bar passes through the lead-out hole to the inner cavity of the junction box and is welded with the wiring end of the junction box, so that the electric energy output is ensured. The bottom of the junction box is coated with adhesive to bond the junction box and the back plate glass, and the inner cavity of the junction box is filled with pouring sealant with good insulativity, thermal conductivity and sealing property. The inner cavity of the junction box is higher than that of a conventional junction box by about 5mm and is used for increasing the thickness of the pouring sealant, so that the pouring sealant has a stronger effect of resisting water vapor.
Preferably, the bonding position of the junction box and the back plate glass is a lead-out hole, and a diaphragm is arranged between the junction box and the lead-out hole.
The diaphragm is arranged between the junction box and the leading-out hole, and is easy to swell due to long-term contact of the butyl rubber and the pouring sealant, so that the reaction of the pouring sealant solvent and the butyl rubber is avoided, the pouring sealant can be completely cured, the butyl rubber is effectively protected, the problem of water vapor insulation failure is solved, the contact of the butyl rubber and the pouring sealant is isolated through the diaphragm, and the entry of water vapor is blocked.
Preferably, the separator includes a layered structure of acrylic resin and PET.
The thickness of the single layer of the acrylic resin is preferably 80 to 150. Mu.m, and may be, for example, 80. Mu.m, 100. Mu.m, 120. Mu.m, 140. Mu.m, or 150. Mu.m, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
The thickness of the single layer PET is preferably 50 to 100. Mu.m, and may be, for example, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm or 100. Mu.m, but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
After lamination, the acrylic resin melts and bonds with the back plate glass and bus bars to form a seal.
Preferably, the diameter of the separator exceeds the diameter of the lead-out hole by 5 to 10mm, for example, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable. The size of the diaphragm is smaller than the size of the inner cavity of the junction box. The diameter of the diaphragm within this range ensures good insulation and does not exceed the size of the internal cavity of the junction box.
According to the invention, the multiple water blocking protection of the hole blocking glue, the adhesive glue, the diaphragm and the pouring sealant is arranged at the position of the lead-out hole, so that water vapor is blocked from passing through the lead-out hole from the junction box and entering the interior of the assembly, thereby causing the failure of the battery and prolonging the service life of the assembly.
Preferably, an encapsulation adhesive film is arranged between the front plate glass and the back plate glass.
Preferably, the material of the packaging adhesive film comprises POE.
POE has a lower lamination temperature and lower water vapor transmission and equivalent light transmission than EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) and PVB (polyvinyl butyral Ding Quanzhi), and has a water vapor transmission of less than 2 g/(m) 2 Day), which is advantageous in preventing the high temperature lamination from damaging the functional layers of the battery.
Preferably, the packaging adhesive film covers the battery functional layer and the buffer strip.
Preferably, the distance between the edge of the front plate glass and the edge of the packaging adhesive film is 10-15 mm, for example, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm or 15mm, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the numerical range are equally applicable. The distance between the edge of the front plate glass and the edge of the packaging adhesive film is within the range, so that a good isolation effect is ensured, and the size of the inner cavity of the junction box is not exceeded.
Preferably, an edge sealant is provided at an area of the edge of the front plate glass beyond the edge of the packaging adhesive film.
Preferably, the material of the edge sealant comprises butyl glue. The water vapor transmittance of the butyl rubber is lower than 1 g/(m) 2 ·day)。
At the periphery of the photovoltaic module, butyl rubber and POE are combined, and double protection is adopted to prevent water vapor from invading the inside of the perovskite battery from the edge.
Preferably, the battery functional layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a perovskite battery functional layer, a single crystal silicon battery functional layer, a polycrystalline silicon battery functional layer, a cadmium telluride battery functional layer, a copper indium gallium selenide battery functional layer or a gallium arsenide battery functional layer, and typical but non-limiting combinations comprise combinations of a perovskite battery functional layer and a single crystal silicon battery functional layer, combinations of a single crystal silicon battery functional layer and a polycrystalline silicon battery functional layer, combinations of a polycrystalline silicon battery functional layer and a cadmium telluride battery functional layer, combinations of a cadmium telluride battery functional layer and a gallium arsenide battery functional layer, combinations of a cadmium telluride battery functional layer and a copper indium gallium selenide battery functional layer, and combinations of a copper indium gallium selenide battery functional layer and a gallium arsenide battery functional layer.
Taking a perovskite battery functional layer as an example, the perovskite battery functional layer includes: and the positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic module are respectively two sub-cells close to the edge of the long side.
Preferably, the width of the edge-cleaning area is 10-18 mm, for example, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 16mm or 18mm, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range of values are equally applicable. The width of the clear edge region may be the distance from the edge of the front sheet glass to the edge of the intermediate region.
Preferably, the photovoltaic module further comprises a bus bar.
Preferably, the bus bar includes a bus bar portion provided at a center of the sub-cell of the long side edge of the battery functional layer and a lead-out portion provided on the insulating bar.
In the photovoltaic module, two sub-batteries positioned at the edge of the long side of the battery functional layer are the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module.
Preferably, the lead-out part of the bus bar penetrates out of the packaging adhesive film and the lead-out hole and is welded to the junction box.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
(1) Depositing a battery functional layer on the front plate glass, and then placing a buffer strip, wherein the buffer strip covers the edge of the battery functional layer and extends out of the edge to obtain a front assembly;
(2) Aligning and fixing the backboard glass and the obtained front assembly to obtain a fixed assembly;
(3) And laminating the obtained fixed assembly to finish the preparation, thereby obtaining the photovoltaic assembly.
The buffer strip covers the periphery of the battery functional layer by 2-8 mm from the outside of the battery functional layer, is arranged on the bus bar in the positive and negative electrode areas of the battery and covers the easily-stripped area of the battery functional layer towards the inside of the photovoltaic module, and is directly contacted with the battery functional layer on the other two sides to cover the easily-stripped area of the battery functional layer.
The easily peeled-off region may refer to a region where a sub-battery at the edge of the battery functional layer is located.
The photovoltaic module provided by the invention is provided with the buffer strips for protecting the battery functional layer, and the buffer strips are arranged in the process of arranging the front plate glass and the packaging adhesive film, and the coverage area of the buffer strips is controlled, so that the photovoltaic module with good sealing integration is obtained.
Preferably, after the depositing of the battery functional layer in the step (1), before the placing of the buffer strip, the method further comprises placing an insulating strip and a bus bar.
Preferably, the step (1) further includes placing a packaging adhesive film after the buffer strip is placed.
Preferably, the step (2) further comprises filling hole plugging glue into the leading-out holes after the fixing, and pasting the diaphragm on the back plate glass.
Preferably, the laminating in the step (3) further comprises bonding the junction box at the lead-out hole on the back plate glass, and welding the bus bar on the junction box.
Preferably, the fixing means in step (2) includes: and fixing each side around the front plate glass and the back plate glass by adopting a high-temperature adhesive tape. The high-temperature adhesive tape is an adhesive tape resistant to 150 ℃.
Preferably, the laminating of step (3) is preceded by attaching a tetrafluoroethylene cloth to the membrane.
Preferably, the temperature of the lamination in the step (3) is 110 to 130 ℃, for example, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃ or 130 ℃, but the lamination is not limited to the listed values, and other values not listed in the numerical range are applicable.
Preferably, the vacuum is applied for 6-15 min before the lamination in the step (3), for example, 6min, 8min, 10min, 12min or 15min, but the method is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the laminating of step (3) comprises a first lamination and a second lamination.
Preferably, the time of the first lamination is 3 to 5min, for example, 3min, 3.5min, 4min, 4.5min or 5min, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the pressure of the first lamination is 20 to 30kPa, for example, 20kPa, 22kPa, 24kPa, 26kPa, 28kPa or 30kPa, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the second lamination is performed for a period of time ranging from 6 to 10 minutes, for example, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes or 10 minutes, but the present invention is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the pressure of the second lamination is 50 to 70kPa, for example, 50kPa, 55kPa, 60kPa, 65kPa or 70kPa, but not limited to the recited values, and other non-recited values within the numerical range are equally applicable.
Preferably, the tetrafluoroethylene cloth and the high temperature adhesive tape are removed after the lamination in the step (3).
The invention adopts the low-temperature packaging adhesive film POE and the low-temperature lamination process, thereby avoiding the performance failure of the perovskite battery caused by high-temperature packaging.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a photovoltaic module according to the first aspect for a solar cell.
By the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of the battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transmitted to the battery sheet layer of the front plate glass can be blocked, the battery is protected, appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the film layer of the battery are prevented, the risks of appearance defects and electrical property reduction are effectively avoided, and the appearance defect caused by delamination of the edge battery of the photovoltaic module is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the perovskite photovoltaic module according to example 1.
Wherein:
the glass comprises the following components of 1-front plate glass, 2-insulating strips, 3-water blocking films, 4-bus bars, 5-buffer strips, 6-edge sealant, 7-packaging adhesive films, 8-back plate glass, 8-1 lead-out holes, 9-hole plugging adhesive, 10-diaphragms, 11-junction box sealant, 12-junction boxes and 13-pouring sealant.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to represent or limit the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
In the prior art, the water vapor transmittance between the perovskite glass and the back plate glass is lower than 2 g/(m) 2 Day) POE adhesive film is packaged, the water blocking performance is higher in the edge area of the assembly outside the adhesive film, and the water vapor permeability is lower than 1 g/(m) 2 Day) butyl edge banding. The water vapor transmittance in the junction box is lower than 30 g/(m) 2 Day) silicone pouring sealant, and sealing the extraction hole by using butyl rubber with the same material as the edge sealant.
However, the inventor researches and discovers that because the perovskite battery is more sensitive to water and oxygen, in the application environment of high temperature and high humidity, water vapor is easy to enter the inside of the assembly through the junction box by penetrating the two-component potting silica gel, and the decomposition failure of the perovskite battery film layer is caused. Moreover, through long-term observation of components of the junction box encapsulated by butyl rubber, the inventor also finds that residual solvent in the pouring sealant can cause swelling chemical reaction of the butyl rubber, so that the pouring sealant cannot be completely solidified, swelling of the butyl rubber, sealing failure and battery performance reduction. The thickness is below 10mm, and the water vapor transmittance is 30 g/(m) 2 Day) silicone potting adhesive is not effective in protecting moisture sensitive photovoltaic modules such as perovskite cell modules. How to block water vapor from entering the assembly, thereby effectively protecting the battery assembly, and the invention also aims to solve the problem.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a photovoltaic module (the structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1), which sequentially comprises front plate glass 1, an insulating strip 2, a water blocking film 3, a bus bar 4, a buffer strip 5, edge sealing glue 6, packaging glue films 7, back plate glass 8, a leading-out hole 8-1, hole blocking glue 9, a diaphragm 10, junction box sealing glue 11, a junction box 12 and pouring sealant 13 from bottom to top.
The front plate glass 1 is divided into a middle area and a trimming area, and the middle area is provided with a perovskite battery functional layer. The perovskite battery functional layer forms sub-batteries connected in series through scribing, and the anode and the cathode of the photovoltaic module are respectively two sub-batteries close to the edge of the long side of the perovskite battery functional layer. The width of the trimming area is 15mm.
An insulating strip 2 is arranged along the width direction of the front plate glass 1, the length direction of the insulating strip 2 is perpendicular to the length direction of the battery in the middle area, the insulating strip 2 is arranged between the packaging adhesive film 7 and the front plate glass 1, the insulating strip 2 is placed on the front plate glass 1, and the length direction of the insulating strip 1 spans all the sub-batteries in the middle area and extends out of the middle area for 3mm. The width of the insulating strip 2 is 12mm.
And a water blocking film 3 is arranged at the position of the insulating strip 2 corresponding to the extraction hole 8-1. The water-blocking film 3 is of a three-layer structure of acrylic resin-ETFE-acrylic resin, the thickness of the acrylic resin is 30 mu m, the thickness of the ETFE is 25 mu m, and the side length of the water-blocking film 3 is 100mm.
The photovoltaic module further comprises a bus bar 4, the bus bar 4 comprises a bus bar portion and a lead-out portion, the bus bar portion 4 is arranged in the center of the positive and negative sub-cells at the edge of the long side of the middle area, and the lead-out portion is arranged on the insulating bar 2. The lead-out part of the bus bar 4 passes through the packaging adhesive film 7 and the lead-out hole 8-1 and is welded to the junction box 12.
The peripheral edge of the perovskite battery functional layer is provided with a buffer strip 5, the edge of the perovskite battery functional layer is covered by 9mm, the edge of the perovskite battery functional layer extends out by 2mm, the material of the buffer strip 5 comprises a sarin-PET-sarin composite film, the thickness of the sarin is 50 mu m, and the thickness of the PET is 30 mu m.
The packaging adhesive film 7 is arranged between the front plate glass 1 and the back plate glass 8, POE is adopted as a material, the perovskite battery functional layer and the buffer strip 5 are completely covered, the distance between the edge of the front plate glass 1 and the edge of the packaging adhesive film 7 is 14mm, and the packaging adhesive film 7 at the position of the leading-out hole 8-1 is respectively opened with small openings for the bus bar 4 to penetrate out of the back plate glass 8. And an edge sealant 6 is arranged between the front plate glass 1 and the back plate glass 8 and at the periphery of the packaging adhesive film 7, and the material is butyl adhesive. The width of the edge sealant 6 is 14mm.
The back plate glass 8 is toughened glass provided with an extraction hole 8-1. The leading-out hole 8-1 is circular and is positioned in the center of the short side of the back plate glass 8, and the distance between the center of the hole and the short side of the back plate glass 8 is 75mm. The diameter of the opening of the leading-out hole 8-1 is 10mm. The leading-out hole 8-1 is sealed by using butyl rubber which is the same as the edge sealing glue 6 as hole plugging glue 9.
Outside the lead-out hole 8-1 of the back plate glass 8, a diaphragm 10 is provided, and the diaphragm 10 is located between the junction box 12 and the lead-out hole. The separator 10 has a two-layer structure of acrylic resin-PET, the thickness of the acrylic resin is 100 μm, and the thickness of the PET is 60 μm. The size of the diaphragm 10 exceeds the size of the lead-out hole 8-1 by 8mm and is smaller than the size of the inner cavity of the junction box 12.
The photovoltaic module also includes a junction box 12 having an interior cavity height of 18 mm. The bus bar 4 passes from the lead-out hole to the inner cavity of the junction box 12 and is welded with the terminal of the junction box 12. The bottom of the junction box 12 is coated with adhesive, the junction box 12 is adhered to glass, and potting adhesive 13 is filled in the inner cavity of the junction box.
According to the embodiment, the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of the battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transmitted to the battery sheet layer of the front plate glass can be blocked, the battery is protected, appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the film layer of the battery are prevented, risks of the appearance defects and electrical property reduction are effectively avoided, and poor appearance caused by delamination of the edge battery of the photovoltaic module is solved.
The preparation method of the photovoltaic module comprises the following steps:
(1) Depositing a perovskite battery functional layer on the front plate glass 1, coating edge sealant 6 around the front plate glass 1, and then placing an insulating strip 2, so as to ensure that the insulating strip 2 is perpendicular to the length direction of the sub-battery, is positioned in the center of a lead-out hole, spans all the sub-batteries in the middle area, extends out of the positive and negative electrode batteries by 2mm, and avoids the short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes and the adjacent sub-batteries; a water blocking film 3 is placed on the insulating strip 2 at the position of the leading-out hole, and the deviation between the center point of the water blocking film 3 and the center point of the insulating strip 2 is not more than 5mm; the bus bar 4 is placed, the leading-out part of the bus bar 4 is placed at the center of the sub-battery of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, the distance from the edge of the battery is 2mm, the leading-out part of the bus bar 4 is placed on the insulating bar 2 and at the center of the water blocking film 3, and the distance from the edge of the insulating bar is 2mm; the buffer strip 5 is placed, the buffer strip 5 covers the periphery of the perovskite battery functional layer 5mm from the outside of the battery area, the battery anode and cathode areas are placed on the bus bar 5 and cover the battery film layer easily-stripped area inwards, and the other two sides are directly contacted with the battery to cover the battery film layer easily-stripped area; and placing the packaging adhesive film 7, wherein the size of the packaging adhesive film 7 is the size of an area formed by the inner edge of the edge sealing adhesive 6, and placing the packaging adhesive film in the area of the edge sealing adhesive 6 to obtain the front-mounted component.
(2) And placing back plate glass 8, enabling the leading-out part ends of the positive and negative electrode bus bars 4 to pass through the leading-out holes 8-1, aligning the periphery of the back plate glass 8 with the periphery of the obtained front assembly, and fixing the obtained front assembly and the back plate glass 8 by using 2 high-temperature adhesive tapes on each side to obtain a fixed assembly.
(3) Filling hole blocking glue 9, injecting a butyl adhesive tape into the lead-out hole 8-1 by using a high-temperature gun, and smoothing; the diaphragm 10 is attached, and the diaphragm 10 hole is aligned with the bus bar penetrating and attached to the back plate glass 8. Tetrafluoroethylene cloth is pasted, a bus bar opening is formed, the tetrafluoroethylene cloth with a larger size than the diaphragm penetrates into the bus bar 4 and is pasted with the diaphragm 10, and the part of the bus bar 4 exposed out of the tetrafluoroethylene cloth is bent and is pasted on tetrafluoroethylene and backboard glass 8 by using a high-temperature adhesive tape; and (3) laminating the obtained fixed assembly, wherein the laminating temperature of POE is set to 120 ℃, the vacuumizing time is 8 minutes, the lamination is divided into a first lamination and a second lamination, the time of the first lamination is 3 minutes, the pressure is 25kPa, the time of the second lamination is 8 minutes, the pressure is 60kPa, the adhesive tape is torn off after the lamination is finished and cooled, the bus bar 4 is broken off, and the tetrafluoroethylene cloth is taken out. And (3) installing the junction box 12, coating junction box sealant 11 on the bottom of the junction box 12, pressing the inner cavity alignment bus bar 4 on the back plate glass 8, welding the bus bar 4 to the wiring end of the junction box 12, and injecting uniformly mixed pouring sealant 13 to complete preparation, thereby obtaining the photovoltaic module.
According to the embodiment, the multiple water blocking protection of the hole blocking glue, the adhesive glue, the diaphragm and the pouring sealant is arranged at the position of the lead-out hole, so that water vapor is blocked from entering the assembly from the junction box through the lead-out hole, the water vapor is prevented from entering the assembly to cause the failure of the battery, and the service life of the assembly is prolonged.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: the material of the diaphragm is a three-layer structure of acrylic resin-PET-acrylic resin, the thickness of the acrylic resin is 100 mu m, and the thickness of the PET is 60 mu m.
According to the embodiment, the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of the battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transmitted to the battery sheet layer of the front plate glass can be blocked, the battery is protected, appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the film layer of the battery are prevented, risks of the appearance defects and electrical property reduction are effectively avoided, and poor appearance caused by delamination of the edge battery of the photovoltaic module is solved.
Through setting up the multiple protection that blocks water of stifled hole glue, bonding adhesive, diaphragm and casting glue in the position department of drawing forth the hole, blocked steam from the terminal box through drawing forth the hole, get into the inside of subassembly to arouse the battery inefficacy, improved the life of subassembly.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: no water blocking film is provided.
Because no water blocking film is arranged, the distance that the water vapor of the photovoltaic module erodes the perovskite battery functional layer is short, and the battery is easy to fail.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: no diaphragm is provided.
Because butyl rubber swells with terminal box potting adhesive, the problem of water vapor insulation failure is solved, water vapor is blocked from entering the inside of the assembly from the terminal box through the design of the diaphragm, the failure of the battery of the assembly is caused, the color of the battery is visible in appearance, and the visible power and current are reduced in electrical performance.
Example 5
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: the material of the buffer strip is replaced by a sarin single-layer structure.
Because of the poor performance of the sarin single-layer structure Yu Shalin-PET-sarin composite film, the glass is pressed in the lamination process of the component, and the stress generated by recovering the original shape after lamination is easily transferred to the perovskite chip.
Example 6
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: the material of the buffer strip is replaced by a PET single-layer structure.
Because of the poor performance of the PET monolayer structure of the Yu Shalin-PET-sarin composite film, the glass is pressed in the lamination process of the component, and the stress generated by recovering the original shape after lamination is easily transferred to the perovskite chip.
Example 7
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: the material of the packaging adhesive film is replaced by PVB.
Because PVB vapor transmission rate is big, photovoltaic module perovskite chip receives vapor erosion easily, leads to the performance decline.
Example 8
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: the lamination temperature was 150℃and the vacuum time was 6 minutes, the first lamination time was 2 minutes, the pressure was 25kPa, the second lamination time was 6 minutes, the pressure was 60kPa,
because the perovskite cell is not resistant to high temperature, the perovskite chip can generate uneven color change after the photovoltaic module is laminated, so that poor appearance is caused, and meanwhile, the electrical property is reduced.
Example 9
The present embodiment provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from embodiment 1 in that: the perovskite battery functional layer at the battery functional layer was replaced with a TOP-CON/HJT battery functional layer.
According to the embodiment, the buffer strips are introduced into the edge area of the battery, so that the stress generated by recovering the original shape and transmitted to the battery sheet layer of the front plate glass can be blocked, the battery is protected, appearance defects and electrical property defects caused by falling of the film layer of the battery are prevented, risks of the appearance defects and electrical property reduction are effectively avoided, and poor appearance caused by delamination of the edge battery of the photovoltaic module is solved.
Through setting up the multiple protection that blocks water of stifled hole glue, bonding adhesive, diaphragm and casting glue in the position department of drawing forth the hole, blocked steam from the terminal box through drawing forth the hole, get into the inside of subassembly to arouse the battery inefficacy, improved the life of subassembly.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from example 1 in that: no buffer bar is provided.
Because no buffer strip is arranged, glass is pressed in the lamination process of the component, and stress generated by recovering the original shape after lamination is easily transferred to a perovskite chip, so that the electrode is subjected to demolding, and poor appearance and reduced electrical performance are caused.
The detailed structural features of the present invention are described in the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising front plate glass and back plate glass; the front plate glass is divided into a middle area and a trimming area, and a battery functional layer is arranged in the middle area;
buffer strips are arranged at the peripheral edges of the battery functional layer, cover the edges of the battery functional layer and extend out of the edges.
2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the buffer strip covers 6-12 mm of the edge of the cell functional layer;
the buffer strip extends out of the edge of the battery functional layer by 2-5 mm;
the buffer strip comprises a sarin-PET-sarin composite film;
the thickness of the single-layer sarin in the sarin-PET-sarin composite film is 30-70 mu m;
the thickness of the single-layer PET in the sarin-PET-sarin composite film is 20-50 mu m.
3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the back sheet glass is provided with an extraction hole, and the extraction hole is sealed by using hole plugging glue; the hole plugging glue comprises butyl glue;
an insulating strip is arranged between the front plate glass and the back plate glass, and the length direction of the insulating strip is perpendicular to the length direction of the battery in the middle area;
a water blocking film is arranged at the position of the insulating strip corresponding to the leading-out hole on the backboard glass; the water-blocking film comprises a layered structure of acrylic resin-ETFE-acrylic resin;
preferably, the thickness of the single layer of the acrylic resin is 15-50 μm;
preferably, the ETFE is a single layer having a thickness of 20 to 50 μm.
4. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 3, further comprising a junction box, wherein the junction box and the back plate glass are bonded by using adhesive, and potting adhesive is arranged in the junction box;
the bonding position of the junction box and the backboard glass is a lead-out hole, and a diaphragm is arranged between the junction box and the lead-out hole;
the separator comprises a layered structure of acrylic resin and PET;
the thickness of the single-layer acrylic resin is 80-150 mu m;
the thickness of the single-layer PET is 50-100 mu m;
the diameter of the diaphragm exceeds the diameter of the leading-out hole by 5-10 mm.
5. The photovoltaic module of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein an encapsulation film is disposed between the front sheet glass and the back sheet glass;
the packaging adhesive film comprises POE;
the distance between the edge of the front plate glass and the edge of the packaging adhesive film is 10-15 mm;
and an edge sealant is arranged at the edge of the front plate glass beyond the edge of the packaging adhesive film.
6. The photovoltaic module of any of claims 1-5, wherein the cell functional layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a perovskite cell functional layer, a single crystal silicon cell functional layer, a polycrystalline silicon cell functional layer, a cadmium telluride cell functional layer, a copper indium gallium selenide cell functional layer, or a gallium arsenide cell functional layer.
7. The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the method of manufacturing comprises:
(1) Depositing a battery functional layer on the front plate glass, and then placing a buffer strip, wherein the buffer strip covers the edge of the battery functional layer and extends out of the edge to obtain a front assembly;
(2) Aligning and fixing the backboard glass and the obtained front assembly to obtain a fixed assembly;
(3) And laminating the obtained fixed assembly to finish the preparation, thereby obtaining the photovoltaic assembly.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein after depositing the functional layer of the battery in step (1), before placing the buffer strip, further comprising placing an insulating strip;
the step (1) of placing the buffer strip is followed by placing a packaging adhesive film;
filling hole plugging glue into the extraction holes after the fixing in the step (2), and attaching a diaphragm to the extraction holes on the back plate glass;
and (3) bonding the junction box at the lead-out hole on the backboard glass after lamination.
9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the laminating of step (3) is preceded by laminating a tetrafluoroethylene cloth to the membrane;
the laminating temperature in the step (3) is 110-130 ℃;
vacuumizing for 6-15 min before laminating;
removing the tetrafluoroethylene cloth after lamination in the step (3);
the mounting terminal block of step (3) includes welding a bus bar.
Step (3) the laminating comprises a first laminating and a second laminating;
the time of the first lamination is 3-5 min;
the pressure of the first lamination is 20-30 kPa;
the second lamination time is 6-10 min;
the pressure of the second lamination is 50 to 70kPa.
10. Use of a photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is used in a solar cell.
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| CN202310360696.8A CN116344644A (en) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-04-06 | Photovoltaic module and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN202310360696.8A CN116344644A (en) | 2023-04-06 | 2023-04-06 | Photovoltaic module and preparation method and application thereof |
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