CN116338758A - Processing method of proportional counter - Google Patents
Processing method of proportional counter Download PDFInfo
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- CN116338758A CN116338758A CN202310003424.2A CN202310003424A CN116338758A CN 116338758 A CN116338758 A CN 116338758A CN 202310003424 A CN202310003424 A CN 202310003424A CN 116338758 A CN116338758 A CN 116338758A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of radioactivity measurement, and provides a processing method of a proportional counter, which comprises the following steps: introducing standard tritium gas into a proportional counter to obtain a target pulse signal of the standard tritium gas; acquiring a first charge integral, a second charge integral and a target shape discrimination factor according to the target pulse signal; and acquiring a screening line according to the first charge integral and the target shape screening factor, wherein the target shape screening factor is positioned below the screening line. The processing method of the proportional counter can reduce the background counting rate in the proportional counter.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of radioactivity measurement, in particular to a processing method of a proportional counter.
Background
Tritium, a radionuclide, emits low energy beta rays with an average energy of 5.9keV and a maximum energy of 18.6 keV. Tritium is widely present in nuclear power plant effluents, and with the increasing development of nuclear energy utilization, the influence of tritium on the environment and human health is also more and more concerned, so that the monitoring of the activity of tritium in the air is of great importance.
In the related art, the proportional counter adopts a pulse amplitude analysis method, pulses with signal amplitude within a set threshold range are all recorded as effective signals, and the pulse amplitude of most background signals in pulse signals generated by environmental gamma rays, cosmic rays and other background rays in the proportional counter is the same as or similar to that of tritium signals, so that the detection lower limit of the proportional counter is increased, and the requirement of monitoring in an actual environment is met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, it is desirable to provide a processing method for a proportional counter, which can reduce the background count rate in the proportional counter.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is implemented as follows:
the embodiment of the application discloses a processing method of a proportional counter, which comprises the following steps:
introducing standard tritium gas into a proportional counter to obtain a target pulse signal of the standard tritium gas;
acquiring a first charge integral, a second charge integral and a target shape discrimination factor according to the target pulse signal;
and acquiring a screening line according to the first charge integral and the target shape screening factor, wherein the target shape screening factor is positioned below the screening line.
In one embodiment, the processing method includes:
introducing tritium gas to be detected into the proportional counter, and determining a pulse signal corresponding to a discrimination factor of the undetermined shape of the tritium gas to be detected as an effective pulse signal under the condition that the discrimination factor of the undetermined shape of the tritium gas to be detected is positioned below the discrimination line;
and acquiring the activity value of the tritium gas to be detected according to the effective pulse signal.
In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the first charge integral and the second charge integral comprises:
and setting a long gate time window and a short gate time window according to the target pulse signal, and acquiring the first charge integral in the long gate time window and the second charge integral in the short gate time window.
In an embodiment, the target shape discrimination factor is equal to a ratio of a difference between the first charge integral and the second charge integral to the first charge integral.
In one embodiment, before the first charge integral, the second charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor are obtained according to the target pulse signal, the processing method includes:
and amplifying the target pulse signal through a preamplifier.
In one embodiment, the type of the pre-amplifier is a current sensitive type.
In one embodiment, after amplifying the target pulse signal by a preamplifier, the processing method includes:
and performing digital conversion on the amplified target pulse signal.
In one embodiment, the digitization conversion is performed by a waveform acquisition card.
In one embodiment, it is determined that the pulse amplitude of the digitized target pulse signal is within a first preset interval.
In one embodiment, the ratio between the activity value of the standard tritium gas and the activity value of the background of the proportional counter is no less than two orders of magnitude.
In one embodiment, the first charge integral, the second charge integral, and the target shape discrimination factor are obtained by a signal processing circuit.
In one embodiment, the step of obtaining a discrimination line according to the first charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor includes:
constructing a relation chart of the target shape discrimination factors and the first charge integration, wherein the number of the first charge integration and the number of the target shape discrimination factors are larger than a first preset value, and each first charge integration and a corresponding one of the target shape discrimination factors form a target coordinate;
and setting a line in the relation chart as the discrimination line so that all the target coordinates are below the discrimination line.
The embodiment of the application discloses a processing method of a proportional counter, which comprises the steps of obtaining a target pulse signal of standard tritium gas, obtaining a first charge integral, a second charge integral and a target shape discrimination factor according to the target pulse signal, and finally obtaining a discrimination line through the first charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor, wherein the target shape discrimination factor is positioned below the discrimination line, that is, all pulse signals corresponding to the target shape discrimination factor below the discrimination line are the pulse signals of the standard tritium gas, so that on one hand, when the activity of the tritium gas to be measured is measured, the same discrimination line can be utilized, only the pulse signals corresponding to the target shape discrimination factor below the discrimination line can be counted and calculated, and most background signals can be discriminated under the condition that the measuring efficiency of the activity of the tritium gas is not lost, so that the detection lower limit of the proportional counter is lowered, and the requirement of actual environment monitoring is met. On the other hand, the proportional counter is not improved, so that proportional counters with different specifications can be selected for different measurement, and the flexibility is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pulse amplitude distribution diagram of a background signal and a tritium signal;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing a proportional counter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connections of a proportional counter, a preamplifier, a waveform acquisition card and a signal processing circuit;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of pulse signal shapes for standard tritium gas according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a pulse shape spectrum of a standard tritium gas provided in yet another embodiment of the present application, wherein the discrimination line is located at the upper left of the pulse shape spectrum;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a background pulse signal shape provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a graph of a pulse shape of a background according to yet another embodiment of the present application, wherein the screening is performed using the screening line of fig. 5.
Description of the reference numerals
A proportional counter 1; a preamplifier 2; a waveform acquisition card 3; a signal processing circuit 4.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other, and the detailed description in the specific embodiments should be interpreted as an explanation of the gist of the present application and should not be construed as undue limitation to the present application.
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The description of "first," "second," etc. in the embodiments of the present application is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly including at least one feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the related art, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 shows pulse amplitude distribution of a background signal and a tritium signal, wherein solid points represent the tritium signal, the amplitude range is between 0 and 180, and hollow points represent the background signal, and most of the solid points are distributed between 0 and 180, so that the detection lower limit of a proportional counter is increased during pulse amplitude analysis, and the requirement of actual environment monitoring cannot be met.
In view of this, the present application provides a method for processing a proportional counter, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the method includes:
s1, introducing standard tritium gas into a proportional counter to obtain a target pulse signal of the standard tritium gas.
Thus, standard tritium gas ionizes the working gas in proportional counter 1 and produces the target pulse signal.
It should be noted that, the standard tritium gas is tritium gas with a set activity value, where the set activity value of the standard tritium gas is greater than the background activity value.
S2, acquiring a first charge integral, a second charge integral and a target shape discrimination factor according to the target pulse signal;
and S3, acquiring a screening line according to the first charge integral and the target shape screening factor, wherein the target shape screening factor is positioned below the screening line.
According to the method, the first charge integral, the second charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor are obtained according to the target pulse signal, and finally the discrimination line is obtained through the first charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor, wherein the target shape discrimination factor is located below the discrimination line, that is, all pulse signals corresponding to the target shape discrimination factor below the discrimination line are the standard tritium gas, so that on one hand, when the activity of the tritium gas to be measured is measured, the same discrimination line can be utilized, only pulse signals corresponding to the target shape discrimination factor below the discrimination line can be counted and calculated, most of background signals can be discriminated under the condition that the activity measurement efficiency of the tritium gas is not lost, the background count rate is effectively reduced, the detection lower limit of the proportional counter 1 is reduced, and the requirement of actual environment monitoring is met. On the other hand, the proportional counter 1 is not modified, so that the proportional counter 1 with different specifications can be selected for different measurement, and the flexibility is high.
In one embodiment, a processing method includes: s4, introducing tritium gas to be detected into the proportional counter, and determining a pulse signal corresponding to the to-be-detected shape discrimination factor as an effective pulse signal under the condition that the to-be-detected shape discrimination factor of the tritium gas to be detected is positioned below the discrimination line;
s5, acquiring the activity value of the tritium gas to be detected according to the effective pulse signal.
Thus, when the activity of tritium gas to be measured is measured, the tritium gas to be measured can be introduced into the proportional counter 1 to obtain a pending pulse signal of the tritium gas to be measured, a pending shape discrimination factor is obtained according to the pending pulse signal, the pulse signal below a discrimination line is determined to be an effective pulse signal, and the activity value of the tritium gas to be measured can be calculated through the effective pulse signal, so that the measured activity value of the tritium gas to be measured is more accurate, the detection lower limit of the proportional counter 1 is reduced, the sensitivity is high, and the error is small.
In one embodiment, the ratio between the activity value of standard tritium gas and the activity value of the background of proportional counter 1 is no less than two orders of magnitude. Exemplary, the activity value of standard tritium gas may be 300000Bq/m 3 The activity value of the background of the proportional counter 1 can be 6000Bq/m 3 Therefore, most of the obtained target pulse signals are tritium gas pulse signals, and the precision of the subsequently obtained discrimination line can be improved. It should be noted that, the activity value of the background is not fixed, and the background has different activity values at different places, so that the activity value of the corresponding tritium gas needs to be selected according to the activity value of the background to ensure that the measured target pulse signal is mostly the pulse signal of the tritium gas.
In one embodiment, S2, the step of obtaining the first charge integral and the second charge integral includes: s21, setting a long gate time window and a short gate time window according to the target pulse signal, and acquiring the first charge integration in the long gate time window and the second charge integration in the short gate time window.
For example, referring to fig. 4 and 6, the proportional counter 1 may be cleaned with a working gas without tritium for a period of time, so that the count rate is restored to the background level, and then the pulse signal thereof is acquired, that is, the pulse signal is measured to be almost the background pulse signal, and then the pulse signal shape is observed, and the duration of the large fluctuation of the pulse amplitude is taken as a long gate time window, for example, 100ns to 600ns may be taken as the long gate time window, and then the long gate time window is set on the target pulse signal, and the first charge is integrated into the area enclosed by the long gate time window and the corresponding pulse amplitude. The tritium gas with a certain activity value is introduced into the proportional counter 1, then a pulse signal is obtained, the obtained pulse signal can be considered to be almost the pulse signal of the tritium gas because the activity value of the tritium gas is far greater than the background activity value, then the pulse signal shape is observed, the duration of the large fluctuation of the pulse amplitude is taken as a short gate time window, for example, 100 ns-300 ns can be taken as a short gate time window, then the short gate time window is arranged on a target pulse signal, and the second charge is integrated into the area enclosed by the short gate time window and the corresponding pulse amplitude.
In one embodiment, the target shape discrimination factor is equal to a ratio of a difference between the first charge fraction and the second charge fraction to the first charge fraction. Thus, the pulse shape spectrum of the standard tritium gas can be obtained, and data support is provided for the acquisition of the subsequent screening line.
In one embodiment, S2, before acquiring the first charge integral, the second charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor according to the target pulse signal, the processing method includes:
and S6, amplifying the target pulse signal through a preamplifier.
For example, referring to fig. 3, the preamplifier 2 is electrically connected to the proportional counter 1, and can amplify the pulse signal output by the proportional counter 1 to obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio, so that the weak pulse signal can be amplified, and the subsequent processing of the pulse signal is facilitated.
In an exemplary embodiment, the pre-amplifier 2 may amplify the to-be-determined pulse signal, and on the one hand, may amplify the weak pulse signal, so as to facilitate subsequent pulse signal processing; on the other hand, since the preamplifier 2 has a faster time profile, the shape difference between the pulse signal of tritium gas and the pulse signal of the background can be preserved, thus facilitating the subsequent discrimination.
In one embodiment, the type of preamplifier 2 is of the current-sensitive type. In this way, the shape of the pulse signal amplified by the preamplifier 2 is ensured to be similar to that of the pulse signal output by the proportional counter 1, so that distortion is reduced, and the accuracy of acquiring the first charge integration, the second charge integration and the shape discrimination factor is improved.
In one embodiment, after amplifying the target pulse signal by a preamplifier, the processing method includes:
s7, digitally converting the amplified target pulse signal.
Thus, parameters such as a first charge integral, a second charge integral, a target shape discrimination factor and the like under the target pulse signal are conveniently acquired.
In one embodiment, the digitization conversion is performed by the waveform acquisition card 3. For example, referring to fig. 3, the waveform acquisition card 3 is connected to the side of the preamplifier 2 far away from the proportional counter 1, so that the target pulse signal amplified by the preamplifier 2 can be digitized by the high-speed AD conversion circuit, and the acquisition rate is fast and the acquisition accuracy is high.
In one embodiment, it is determined that the pulse amplitude of the digitized target pulse signal is within a first preset interval. It should be noted that, the energy emitted by tritium is between 0keV and 18.6keV, the emission energy of the background is between 0keV and 2600keV, and the energy and the pulse amplitude are in a corresponding relation, so that the processed target pulse signal can be ensured to be almost all tritium pulse signals by processing the target pulse signal with the pulse amplitude within the first preset interval, on one hand, the interference of the background signal on measurement can be further reduced, and the accuracy of the parameters such as the first charge integration, the second charge integration and the target shape discrimination factor obtained later can be improved; on the other hand, by discriminating the signals outside the first preset interval, the subsequent calculation pressure can be reduced.
For example, in one embodiment, the first preset interval may be 0 to 180, 1 to 180, 2 to 180, 3 to 180, 4 to 180, or 5 to 180. The energy corresponding to the pulse amplitude 180 is approximately 20keV. Thus, most of the background signal can be screened through a suitable first preset interval.
In one embodiment, the first charge integral, the second charge integral, and the target shape discrimination factor are obtained by the signal processing circuit 4. For example, referring to fig. 3, the signal processing circuit 4 is connected to the waveform acquisition card 3, first, the signal processing circuit 4 determines whether the pulse amplitude of the digitized target pulse signal is within a first preset interval, then the signal processing circuit 4 stores the digitized target pulse signal within the first preset interval in a buffer, then sets a long gate time window and a short gate time window, and then the signal processing circuit 4 calculates the digitized target pulse signal in the buffer to obtain a first charge integral in the long gate time window and a second charge integral in the short gate time window, and calculates a target shape discrimination factor through the first charge integral and the second charge integral.
In one embodiment, S3, the step of obtaining a discrimination line according to the first charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor includes:
s31, constructing a relation chart of the target shape discrimination factors on the first charge integrals, wherein the number of the first charge integrals and the number of the target shape discrimination factors are larger than a first preset value, and each first charge product and a corresponding one of the target shape discrimination factors form a target coordinate;
and S32, setting a line in the relation chart as the discrimination line so that all the target coordinates are below the discrimination line.
For example, referring to fig. 5, the abscissa is energy, i.e., the first charge integral, the ordinate is a shape discrimination factor, the curve in the figure is a pulse shape spectrum of a tritium signal, and the distribution of the tritium signal shape is quite concentrated, and the target shape discrimination factor is relatively low, as seen in fig. 5, then a straight line which is approximately the same as the extending direction of the pulse shape spectrum may be made as a discrimination line according to the pulse shape spectrum of the tritium signal, for example, the made discrimination line may be located at the upper left of the pulse shape spectrum, so that all the target coordinates are located below the discrimination line.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, the above-described discrimination line is verified. Referring to fig. 7, after the proportional counter 1 is cleaned for a period of time by using the working gas without tritium, the counting rate is restored to the background level, and the shape of the digitized pulse signal is observed again, as shown in fig. 7, the duration of the emission energy is much longer than tritium due to the high radiation capacity of the background; then, a long gate time window and a short gate time window which are the same as the standard tritium gas are set, after a period of measurement, a pulse shape spectrum of the background is obtained, as shown in fig. 7, the signal shape distribution of the background can be seen to be more dispersed, and a small peak exists in a region with a relatively high shape discrimination factor. Therefore, the screening line can be utilized, and most background signals can be screened out under the condition that tritium gas measurement efficiency is not lost, so that the background counting rate is effectively reduced. For example, the background count rate of proportional counter 1 can be varied from 22s using the processing methods of the present application -1 Reduced to 2.7s -1 Under the condition that the proportional counter 1 adopts lead shielding, the background counting rate can be controlled to be 3.0s -1 Reduced to 0.34s -1 . The lower detection limit of the proportional counter 1 can be reduced to 100Bq/m according to ISO11929 measured at this background level for 1 hour 3 The following is given.
In an embodiment, the first preset value may be 10000, so that by setting a suitable first preset value, it can be ensured that the screening precision of obtaining the screening line is high and the screening range is large.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and changes will become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements are intended to be within the spirit and principles of this application.
Claims (12)
1. A method of processing a proportional counter, the method comprising:
introducing standard tritium gas into a proportional counter to obtain a target pulse signal of the standard tritium gas;
acquiring a first charge integral, a second charge integral and a target shape discrimination factor according to the target pulse signal;
and acquiring a screening line according to the first charge integral and the target shape screening factor, wherein the target shape screening factor is positioned below the screening line.
2. A method of treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the method of treatment comprises:
introducing tritium gas to be detected into the proportional counter, and determining a pulse signal corresponding to a discrimination factor of the undetermined shape of the tritium gas to be detected as an effective pulse signal under the condition that the discrimination factor of the undetermined shape of the tritium gas to be detected is positioned below the discrimination line;
and acquiring the activity value of the tritium gas to be detected according to the effective pulse signal.
3. The method of processing of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the first and second charge integrals comprises:
and setting a long gate time window and a short gate time window according to the target pulse signal, and acquiring the first charge integral in the long gate time window and the second charge integral in the short gate time window.
4. The processing method of claim 1, wherein the target shape discrimination factor is equal to a ratio of a difference between the first charge integral and the second charge integral to the first charge integral.
5. The processing method of claim 1, wherein prior to obtaining the first charge integral, the second charge integral, and the target shape discrimination factor from the target pulse signal, the processing method comprises:
and amplifying the target pulse signal through a preamplifier.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the type of the pre-amplifier is current sensitive.
7. The processing method according to claim 5, wherein after amplifying the target pulse signal by a preamplifier, the processing method comprises:
and performing digital conversion on the amplified target pulse signal.
8. The processing method according to claim 7, wherein the digital conversion is performed by a waveform acquisition card.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the digitized pulse amplitude of the target pulse signal is determined to be within a first predetermined interval.
10. The process of claim 2, wherein the ratio between the activity value of the standard tritium gas and the activity value of the background of the proportional counter is no less than two orders of magnitude.
11. The processing method of claim 1, wherein the first charge integral, the second charge integral, and the target shape discrimination factor are obtained by a signal processing circuit.
12. The method of processing of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a discrimination line based on the first charge integral and the target shape discrimination factor comprises:
constructing a relation chart of the target shape discrimination factors and the first charge integration, wherein the number of the first charge integration and the number of the target shape discrimination factors are larger than a first preset value, and each first charge integration and a corresponding one of the target shape discrimination factors form a target coordinate;
and setting a line in the relation chart as the discrimination line so that all the target coordinates are below the discrimination line.
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| CN202310003424.2A CN116338758A (en) | 2023-01-03 | 2023-01-03 | Processing method of proportional counter |
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| CN202310003424.2A CN116338758A (en) | 2023-01-03 | 2023-01-03 | Processing method of proportional counter |
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