CN116315648A - High-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna - Google Patents
High-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN116315648A CN116315648A CN202310548793.XA CN202310548793A CN116315648A CN 116315648 A CN116315648 A CN 116315648A CN 202310548793 A CN202310548793 A CN 202310548793A CN 116315648 A CN116315648 A CN 116315648A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a high-isolation double-frequency double-fed quadrifilar helix antenna. The four-arm spiral antenna comprises a four-arm spiral antenna main body and a bottom feed plate, wherein the four-arm spiral antenna main body is arranged on the bottom feed plate; the four-arm spiral antenna main body comprises a cylindrical substrate and a radiator attached to the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical substrate; the radiator comprises four groups of spiral antenna units which are arranged at equal intervals in the same direction in a rotating way to form a four-arm spiral antenna; each group of spiral antenna units comprises a first spiral antenna and a second spiral antenna, an isolation line is arranged between the first spiral antenna and the second spiral antenna, one end of the isolation line is connected with the first spiral antenna, and the other end of the isolation line is connected with the second spiral antenna. Decoupling between the first spiral antenna and the second spiral antenna and between adjacent units is realized by adding an isolation line in each unit; the high isolation is realized, and the radiation effect of the low-frequency radiation point and the high-frequency radiation point is effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a high-isolation double-frequency double-fed quadrifilar helix antenna.
Background
Quadrifilar helical antennas are known as wide beams and circular polarizations. With the development of satellite communication, a multi-functional terminal product such as transceiver integration is required, and an antenna is required to have dual-frequency and dual-feed functions. At the same time, for engineering applications, there is also a demand for miniaturization and low cost.
The invention patent with the patent number of US 10483631 B2 provides a double-frequency double-fed antenna which adopts an inner and outer nested four-arm spiral antenna, and the radiation of the resonance frequency point of an inner loop antenna is restrained by adding an LC parallel resonant circuit on the outer four-arm spiral antenna, so that the coupling of the two antennas is reduced to realize the effective radiation of the two antennas, but the processing and the assembly are complex, and the cost is high.
The invention patent application with the application number of 202011548814.0 provides an internally-externally nested double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna, and better radiation performance is realized by adjusting the internal and external radiuses and the relative height of two four-arm spirals. However, the composite material still consists of two substrates, and is complex to assemble and high in cost.
In US 6184844 B1, a dual-frequency double-fed quadrifilar helical antenna based on a substrate is proposed by the high-pass company, which is realized in a stacked manner, but the feed integration is complex and the stacked manner increases in height.
How to realize the double-frequency double-feed function based on the four-arm helical antenna with wide beam circular polarization, and has the advantages of high isolation, low cost and low profile, and becomes a current research hot spot.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna, which solves the problems of complex assembly, high cost and the like of the existing double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna while realizing high isolation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the high-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna comprises a four-arm spiral antenna main body and a bottom feed plate, wherein the four-arm spiral antenna main body is arranged on the bottom feed plate;
the four-arm spiral antenna main body comprises a cylindrical substrate and a radiator attached to the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical substrate;
the radiator comprises four groups of spiral antenna units which are arranged in a rotating mode at equal intervals in the same direction to form a four-arm spiral antenna; each group of spiral antenna units comprises a first spiral antenna and a second spiral antenna, the first spiral antenna is used for exciting low frequency, the second spiral antenna is used for exciting high frequency, an isolation line is arranged between the first spiral antenna and the second spiral antenna, one end of the isolation line is connected with the first spiral antenna, and the other end of the isolation line is connected with the second spiral antenna;
the bottom feed plate is used for feeding the four-arm spiral antenna main body, and is provided with a low-frequency feed point and a high-frequency feed point; the low frequency feed points are connected with all the first spiral antennas, and the high frequency feed points are connected with all the second spiral antennas.
Further, the isolation line comprises a first connecting section, a second connecting section and a U-shaped connecting section; one end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the U-shaped connecting section, and the other end of the first connecting section is connected with the second spiral antenna; one end of the second connecting section is connected with the other end of the U-shaped connecting section, and the other end of the second connecting section is connected with the first spiral antenna.
Further, the first spiral antenna is a spiral arm with rotational symmetry; the second spiral antenna is composed of equal-width spiral arms and gradual change spiral arms, the narrow sides of the gradual change spiral arms are close to the bottom feed plate, and the wide sides of the gradual change spiral arms are connected with the equal-style spiral arms.
Further, the working wavelength mode of the spiral antenna is determined according to requirements, and all first spiral antennas and all second spiral antennas are set to be open-circuit resonance or short-circuit resonance according to the determined working wavelength mode of the spiral antenna.
Further, the radiator is printed on the cylinder surface of the cylinder-shaped substrate.
Further, the second helical antenna in the helical antenna unit is arranged in a manner of rotating by 26.4 degrees around the cylindrical center relative to the first helical antenna. The dual-antenna and dielectric plate arrangement and the arrangement of the isolation lines are facilitated, the space coupling strength formed between the first spiral antenna and the second spiral antenna is adjusted, and the optimal isolation effect is achieved by matching with the coupling current in the isolation lines.
Further, the four groups of spiral antenna units are rotationally arranged at equal 90-degree intervals in the same direction to form a four-arm spiral antenna.
The high-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna provided by the invention comprises a unit consisting of a first spiral antenna for exciting low frequency and a second spiral antenna for exciting high frequency, and then the unit is used as a unit to be arranged in an equidistant rotation way to form four-arm spiral antennas, and an isolation line is additionally arranged in each unit to realize decoupling between the first spiral antenna and the second spiral antenna and between adjacent units; the high isolation is realized, the radiation effect of the low-frequency radiation point and the high-frequency radiation point is effectively ensured, the original circular polarization performance is maintained, and the low elevation performance of the satellite communication antenna is ensured. And secondly, the low frequency system and the high frequency system in the radiator are both manufactured on the surface of the cylinder-shaped substrate, the height is not additionally increased in a stacking mode, and the problem that the double-frequency double-fed spiral antenna cannot be considered in terms of cost, volume and isolation is solved.
Compared with the prior art, the high-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm helical antenna is simple in structure and easy to process, realizes high isolation of the low-frequency and high-frequency four-arm helical antenna, and is beneficial to full duplex application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high isolation dual-frequency double-fed quadrifilar helix antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an expanded plan view of an embodiment radiator;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a high isolation dual frequency dual feed quadrifilar helix antenna of an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the frequency circularly polarized radiation pattern of a receiving antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a radiation pattern of circular polarization of the frequency of a transmitting antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 shows the coupling coefficients of a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna according to an embodiment;
reference numerals:
1. a cylindrical substrate, 2, a radiator, 3, a bottom feed plate, 21, a low-frequency four-arm spiral antenna, 22, a high-frequency four-arm spiral antenna, 211, a first spiral antenna, 221, a second spiral antenna, 221a, an equal-width spiral arm, 221b, a gradual change spiral arm, 31, a low-frequency feed point, 32 and a high-frequency feed point.
Description of the embodiments
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the above purpose, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the high-isolation dual-frequency double-fed quadrifilar helix antenna provided in this embodiment includes a quadrifilar helix antenna body and a bottom feed plate 3, wherein the quadrifilar helix antenna body is disposed on the bottom feed plate 3. The quadrifilar helix antenna main body comprises a cylindrical substrate 1 and a radiator 2 printed on the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical substrate 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the radiator 2 includes four groups of helical antenna units, and the four groups of helical antenna units are arranged in a helical manner at equal intervals in the same direction to form a four-arm helical antenna; each group of spiral antennas comprises a first spiral antenna 211 and a second spiral antenna 221, the first spiral antenna 211 is used for exciting low frequency, the second spiral antenna 221 is used for exciting high frequency, an isolation line 23 is arranged between the first spiral antenna 211 and the second spiral antenna 221, one end of the isolation line 23 is connected with the first spiral antenna 211, and the other end of the isolation line is connected with the second spiral antenna 221.
As shown in fig. 3, the bottom feeding plate 3 is for feeding the quadrifilar helix antenna body, on which a low frequency feeding point 31 and a high frequency feeding point 32 are provided; the low frequency feeding point is connected to all the first helical antennas 211, and the high frequency feeding point 32 is connected to all the second helical antennas 221.
In use, the first helical antenna 211 is a receiving antenna, and the second helical antenna 221 is a transmitting antenna, and each receiving antenna is closely spaced from the four transmitting antennas, so that coupling currents are generated by the receiving antennas on the four transmitting antennas, and energy of the transmitting antennas cannot be radiated effectively. By adding an isolation line 23 to the isolation line of each group of spiral antenna units, a plurality of direct coupling paths are added for the radiator 2, and currents generated on the direct coupling paths and the coupling currents act together to realize offset, so that the isolation between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is enhanced, and further energy effective radiation is realized. Further, a desired pattern can be obtained by adjusting the radii and the rising angles of the first helical antenna 211 and the second helical antenna 221.
In this embodiment, the cylindrical substrate 1 is made as a flexible dielectric plate having a dielectric constant of 3.0 and a thickness of 0.1mm. The diameter of the manufactured cylindrical substrate 1 was 35mm and the height was 83mm. The operating wavelength mode of the four-arm helical antenna is determined according to the application requirement, and all the first helical antennas 211 and all the second helical antennas 221 are set to be open-circuit resonance or short-circuit resonance according to the determined operating wavelength mode. The 4 first helical antennas 211 in the radiator 2 together constitute a low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21,4 and the second helical antennas 221 together constitute a high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22. The structures of the first helical antenna 211 and the second helical antenna 211 may be the same structure, or may be different structures, specifically:
when the low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 and the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 adopt the same structure, the high-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm helical antenna operates in an integer multiple wavelength mode of one quarter. Setting the multiple to be N, and when N is an odd number, adopting open-circuit resonance for the low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 and the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22; when N is an even number, both the low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 and the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 adopt short-circuit resonance. The four first helical antennas 211 constituting the low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 and the four second helical antennas 221 constituting the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 are rotationally symmetrical helical arms each having a length of N times the medium wavelength of a quarter of the antenna operating frequency, and the input impedance of each helical antenna is designed to be around 50 ohms.
When the low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 and the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 adopt different structures, the high-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm helical antenna works in a three-quarter wavelength mode, four first helical antennas 211 forming the low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 are rotationally symmetrical helical arms with equal widths, the length of each rotationally symmetrical helical arm is three-quarter medium wavelength of the low-frequency working frequency, the rising angle of the helix is 54 degrees, the radius is 17.5mm, and the input impedance of each low-frequency four-arm helical antenna 21 is designed to be 50Ohm. The four second helical antennas 221 constituting the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 are each composed of an equal-width helical arm 221a and a gradual helical arm 221 b. The narrow side of the gradual change spiral arm 221b is close to the bottom feed plate 3, the wide side is connected with the equal-width spiral arm 221a, and the width of the wide side is equal to the width of the spiral arm 221 a; the total length of the high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 is three-quarters of the dielectric wavelength of its high-frequency operating frequency, the width is gradually reduced from 7mm to 4mm, the rising angle is 54 deg., the radius is 17.5mm, and the input impedance of each high-frequency four-arm helical antenna 22 is designed at 50Ohm.
In order to further improve the isolation between the first helical antenna 211 and the second helical antenna 221, the connection position and shape of the isolation line are optimized in this embodiment. Specific: the isolation line 23 comprises a first connecting section, a second connecting section and a U-shaped connecting section, one end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the U-shaped connecting section, and the other end of the first connecting section is connected with the second spiral antenna; one end of the second connecting section is connected with the other end of the U-shaped connecting end, and the other end of the second connecting section is connected with the first spiral antenna. During connection, it should be noted that the opening of the U-shaped connection section should be towards the top of the cylinder. The total length of the isolation line 23 is three-quarter medium wavelength of the low-frequency working frequency of the antenna, the metal wiring widths of the first connecting section, the second connecting section and the U-shaped connecting section are all 1.8mm, and the U-shaped groove width of the U-shaped connecting end is 2.2mm. The first and second helical antennas 211 and 221 are provided near the bottom feed plate 3, and one end of each of the first and second helical antennas is connected to the second helical antenna 221 at a distance of two-thirds from the initial point, and the other end of each of the second and third helical antennas 211 is connected to the first helical antenna 211 at a distance of three-fifths from the initial point. The coupling path is effectively increased to facilitate decoupling by controlling the connection position of the isolation line 23 and matching with the shape design, and decoupling current on the isolation line 23 does not interfere radiation current on the surfaces of two antennas, so that inherent resonance radiation is not influenced, and a wide beam circular polarization direction diagram at two frequency points and a good axial ratio are maintained.
The low frequency feeding point 31 and the high frequency feeding point 32 on the bottom feeding plate 3 generate 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° excitation in sequence; wherein the low frequency feed point 31 is electrically connected to the low frequency quadrifilar helix antenna 21, thereby generating a circularly polarized radiation pattern of the F1 frequency point. The high frequency feed point 32 is electrically connected to the high frequency quadrifilar helix antenna 22 to produce a circularly polarized radiation pattern for the F2 frequency point. In practice, in order to realize right-handed circularly polarized wave, the first helical antenna 211 and the second helical antenna 221 are both in left-handed direction, and the low-frequency feeding point 31 provides phase excitation of 0 °, -90 °, -180 ° and-270 ° for the low-frequency quadrifilar helical antenna 21 in turn. The high frequency feed point 32 provides phase excitation of 0 deg., -90 deg., -180 deg., and-270 deg., in turn, for the high frequency quadrifilar helical antenna 22 counterclockwise. The diameter of the bottom feed plate 3 is 50mm, the operating frequency point is around 1.5GHz, and is 0.25 times the free space wavelength. It is explained that the antenna achieves a compact function. The low-frequency four-arm spiral antenna 21 and the high-frequency four-arm spiral antenna 22 are arranged on the surface of the cylinder-shaped substrate 1, and the manufacturing can be completed by adopting a printing process, so that the manufacturing cost is low.
Fig. 4 is a frequency circularly polarized radiation pattern of an embodiment of a receiving antenna, and fig. 5 is a frequency circularly polarized radiation pattern of an embodiment of a transmitting antenna. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the gain of the high isolation dual-frequency double-fed quadrifilar helix antenna of the present embodiment at a low elevation angle is close to 1dBi, so as to achieve good coverage of circularly polarized beams. Fig. 6 shows the coupling coefficients of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna according to the embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the high-isolation dual-frequency dual-feed quadrifilar helix antenna according to the embodiment has an isolation of more than 33dB in the whole frequency band, which is beneficial to reducing the performance pressure of the rf filter and the full duplex application.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm helical antenna, includes four-arm helical antenna main part, bottom feed board, and four-arm helical antenna main part locates on the bottom feed board, its characterized in that:
the four-arm spiral antenna main body comprises a cylindrical substrate and a radiator attached to the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical substrate;
the radiator comprises four groups of spiral antenna units which are arranged in a rotating mode at equal intervals in the same direction to form a four-arm spiral antenna; each group of spiral antenna units comprises a first spiral antenna and a second spiral antenna, the first spiral antenna is used for exciting low frequency, the second spiral antenna is used for exciting high frequency, an isolation line is arranged between the first spiral antenna and the second spiral antenna, one end of the isolation line is connected with the first spiral antenna, and the other end of the isolation line is connected with the second spiral antenna;
the bottom feed plate is used for feeding the four-arm spiral antenna main body, and is provided with a low-frequency feed point and a high-frequency feed point; the low frequency feed points are connected with all the first spiral antennas, and the high frequency feed points are connected with all the second spiral antennas.
2. A high isolation dual frequency double feed quadrifilar helix antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the isolation line comprises a first connecting section, a second connecting section and a U-shaped connecting section; one end of the first connecting section is connected with one end of the U-shaped connecting section, and the other end of the first connecting section is connected with the second spiral antenna; one end of the second connecting section is connected with the other end of the U-shaped connecting section, and the other end of the second connecting section is connected with the first spiral antenna.
3. A high isolation dual frequency double feed quadrifilar helix antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the first spiral antenna is a spiral arm with rotational symmetry; the second spiral antenna is composed of equal-width spiral arms and gradual change spiral arms, the narrow sides of the gradual change spiral arms are close to the bottom feed plate, and the wide sides of the gradual change spiral arms are connected with the equal-style spiral arms.
4. A high isolation dual frequency double feed quadrifilar helix antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and the working wavelength modes of the spiral antennas are determined according to requirements, all the first spiral antennas and all the second spiral antennas are set to be open-circuit resonance or short-circuit resonance according to the determined working wavelength modes of the spiral antennas.
5. A high isolation dual frequency double feed quadrifilar helix antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the radiator is printed on the cylinder surface of the cylinder type substrate.
6. A high isolation dual frequency double fed quadrifilar helix antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein: the second helical antenna in the helical antenna unit is arranged to rotate 26.4 degrees around the cylindrical center relative to the first helical antenna.
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| CN202310548793.XA CN116315648B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | High-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna |
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| CN202310548793.XA CN116315648B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | High-isolation double-frequency double-fed four-arm spiral antenna |
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