CN116307868B - Dynamic evaluation method and application system for forest ecosystem service function - Google Patents
Dynamic evaluation method and application system for forest ecosystem service function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dynamic evaluation method, an application system and a cloud platform for a forest ecosystem service function, wherein the evaluation method comprises the following steps: (1) survey monitoring scheme formulation; (2) project measurement and calculation units; (3) evaluating the forest stand single-site area biomass internet of things monitoring; (4) evaluating forest stand precision inspection and correction; (5) Evaluating the quality calculation of service functions of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system; (6) Evaluating the service function value quantity calculation of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system; (7) evaluating forest stand area change monitoring; (8) Evaluating the quality and the value of the service function objects of the forest stand forest ecological system and calculating; the cloud platform is deployed with an application system for dynamic evaluation of the forest ecosystem service function. The invention can greatly reduce the acquisition cost and the acquisition difficulty of the quality data of the forest ecological system service function object, shorten the data updating period and realize the real-time dynamic evaluation of the forest ecological system service function value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of acquisition, calculation and processing of Internet of things and geospatial data, in particular to a dynamic evaluation method and an application system of a forest ecosystem service function.
Background
Forest is the main body of land ecological system, and has obvious functions of supporting service, regulating service, supplying service and cultural service for human survival and development. The development of forest ecosystem service function evaluation and monitoring is not only the need of comprehensively and objectively knowing the value of the forest ecosystem by human beings, but also the basis for further reasonably promoting the development of forest resource protection and utilization.
The ecological service function and the value of the forest are provided by a forest ecological system, and the evaluation and the measurement are usually carried out according to technical regulations such as a forest ecological system service function evaluation standard (GB/T38582-2020) and the like by using long-term continuous positioning observation data, forest resource checking data, forest resource planning, design and investigation data and social public data of the forest ecological system aiming at a larger area and scale.
The dynamic evaluation and monitoring of the forest ecosystem service function in the prior art has the following defects:
the measurement result is difficult to visually feel by the public. Because the measuring and calculating area and the scale are large in the forest ecosystem service function evaluation, the public often has difficulty in visually sensing the result data, is difficult to generate a sense of identity and a sense of integration, and cannot really know and sense the importance of the forest ecosystem.
The measurement data are difficult to obtain. Because the forest ecological system is difficult to obtain the long-term continuous positioning observation data and the forest resource checking data, particularly the forest resource checking data are confidential data, the measurement and calculation of the data can be performed only by professional technical units, and the use and popularization audience of the value of the forest ecological system are reduced.
The basic data update period is long. The monitoring period of the forest resource checking data is 5 years, the investigation period of the forest resource planning design investigation data is 10 years generally, the monitoring timeliness is poor, the tree growth dynamics can not be accurately mastered in detail, and the gap from the public 'what you see is what you get' is far from the actual requirement.
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a dynamic evaluation method, an application system and a cloud platform for forest ecosystem service function, which can greatly reduce the quality data acquisition cost and difficulty of the forest ecosystem service function, shorten the data update period, and realize the real-time dynamic evaluation of the forest ecosystem service function value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic evaluation method, an application system and a cloud platform for the forest ecological system service function, which can greatly reduce the acquisition cost and the acquisition difficulty of quality data of a forest ecological system service function object, shorten the data updating period and realize the real-time dynamic evaluation of the forest ecological system service function value.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme: a dynamic evaluation method for service functions of a forest ecological system comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a survey and monitoring scheme: establishing a investigation monitoring scheme according to the monitoring range of the forest ecological system;
(2) The project measuring and calculating unit is defined as follows: demarcating the boundary of the project measuring and calculating unit, and calculating the area of each measuring and calculating unit;
(3) Assessing forest stand single-site area biomass internet of things monitoring: according to a survey and monitoring scheme, developing a monitoring sampling design and deploying a unit area biomass internet of things monitoring sample area, and dynamically monitoring and evaluating the forest stand unit area biomass;
(4) Evaluating the precision inspection and correction of the stand;
(5) And (3) evaluating the quality calculation of service functions of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system: acquiring unit area biomass and net growth of two monitoring periods of the estimated stand through the monitoring of the estimated stand unit area biomass by the Internet of things; the forest stand parameters measured in the same evaluation unit are equivalently replaced with the forest stand parameters to be evaluated through the forest ecological system service correction coefficients, the forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters measured by the forest ecological monitoring station are obtained, and the forest ecological system service function object quality in a unit area is evaluated;
(6) And (3) evaluating the service functional value quantity of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system and calculating: acquiring quality parameters of serving function indexes of the forest ecological system in unit area and corresponding market value parameters, and evaluating the serving function value of the forest ecological system in unit area;
(7) And (3) evaluating the forest stand area change monitoring: updating and change generation of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit are realized through interpretation, verification and verification of the change pattern spots, a current database and a change database of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit are obtained, and the latest measuring and calculating unit area for calculating the quality of the service function of the stand forest ecosystem is obtained;
(8) Evaluating the quality and the value of the service function objects of the forest stand forest ecological system and calculating;
(8.1) calculating the mass and value of the service function indexes of the forest stand forest ecological system: obtaining the quality and the value of the service function index of the forest stand forest ecological system by obtaining the quality of the service function of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system, the pattern area of the latest measuring unit of the forest stand and the market value parameter;
(8.2) evaluating the calculation of the total value and the variation of the forest stand forest ecological system service function: summarizing the value quantities of the service function index items of each forest ecological system to obtain the total value quantity and the variation quantity of the service function of the forest stand forest ecological system;
(9) Judging the end of monitoring and periodically monitoring: and (3) periodically running and monitoring according to the set time of the monitoring sample area of the biomass Internet of things in unit area, and ending the monitoring if the monitoring of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit area and the biomass in unit area is stopped.
According to the method, the unit area living beings are obtained in real time by arranging the unit area biomass Internet of things monitoring sample on the estimated forest distribution, the unit area is obtained by remote sensing change monitoring, the quality and the value of the forest ecological system service function object are calculated periodically, and the monitoring data are obtained in real time and calculated and the regional forest ecological system service function is achieved. The method has the advantages of greatly reducing the acquisition cost and the acquisition difficulty of the quality monitoring data of the forest ecological system service function objects, shortening the data updating period, realizing the real-time continuous dynamic evaluation of the forest ecological system service function value, providing the function of interactively displaying the forest ecological system service function value of each plant of sample wood, each sample area and each region, and visually perceived by the public as a measuring result.
The further technical scheme is that the specific steps in the step (3) are as follows:
(3.1) monitoring the sampling design;
(3.2) deploying a biomass internet of things monitoring sample area in a unit area, and collecting the chest diameter and the growth condition of the monitoring sample wood;
(3.3) evaluating the average biomass calculation of the forest stand per unit area;
(3.3.1) according to the tree species and breast diameter of the sample tree collected in the step (3.2), using a tree height curve of the current tree species in the sample area, taking the diameter as an independent variable, taking the tree height as a dependent variable, and calculating all the tree heights of the sample tree, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
h i,j,t ＝f j (d i,j,t )
wherein d i,j,t For the t-th monitoring, the breast diameter of the ith plant sample of the tree species j; h is a i,j,t For the t-th monitoring, the ith plant of the tree species j is high in the tree; f (f) j (d i,j,t ) Calculating a tree height curve equation of the tree height of the sample tree according to the breast diameter of the sample tree for the tree species j; i is the ith plant sample wood; j is tree species j; t is the t-th monitoring;
(3.3.2) calculating biomass: taking the average chest diameter and the average tree height as independent variables, taking biomass as dependent variables, obtaining the ratio of underground biomass to overground biomass, and calculating the biomass of all the samples;
(3.3.3) summarizing the biomass of each wood in the sample area, and calculating and evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein B is j,t Biomass of tree species j for the t-th monitoring;for the t-th monitoring, evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area; s is the sample area; n is the number of plots.
The further technical scheme is that the specific steps in the step (4) are as follows:
(4.1) calculating the variance of the biomass per unit area of the overall sample area in the monitored area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein B is n,t For the t-th monitoring, the n-th assessment of the biomass of the stand plot; n is the nth estimated stand plot; s is S t Variance of biomass per unit area for the overall sample area within the monitored area;
(4.2) calculating uncertainty of the average biomass per unit area of the monitoring area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein u is t For the t-th monitoring, evaluating uncertainty of the forest stand single-site area biomass; t is a reliability index;
(4.3) judging u t If the sampling precision requirement is met, executing the step (5), and if the sampling precision requirement is not met, executing the step (4.4);
(4.4) precision deduction correction: by u t And judging whether the value and the sampling setting precision exceed the maximum threshold of the setting precision, if yes, starting from the step (3.1), increasing the number of samples, if not, adopting a deduction coefficient, and carrying out coefficient deduction on the result to obtain a monitoring result.
The further technical scheme is that the specific steps in the step (5) are as follows:
(5.1) determining the quality parameters of the forest ecological system service function indexes of the measuring and calculating unit: according to a continuous observation data set of a forest ecological element full index system, according to an estimated stand measuring and calculating unit vector database, obtaining actual measurement stand parameters corresponding to each measuring and calculating unit, and determining forest ecological system service function index substance quantity parameters of the measuring and calculating unit;
(5.2) calculating the quality of service functional objects of the forest ecological system in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein G is k,m,t For the t-th monitoring, the quality of service function index objects of the forest ecological system in the unit area of the m class of the kth measuring and calculating unit; p (P) k,m The method comprises the steps of actually measuring through a forest ecological monitoring station, and correspondingly obtaining the quality parameters of the service function indexes of the mth forest ecological system of the kth measuring and calculating unit; b (B) base,k,t For the t-th monitoring, the corresponding actually measured stand single-site area biomass of the kth measuring and calculating unit;for the t-th monitoring, the kth measuring and calculating unit evaluates the single-site area biomass of the stand; />For the t-1 monitoring, the kth measuring and calculating unit evaluates the single-site area biomass of the stand.
The further technical scheme is that the specific steps in the step (6) are as follows:
(6.1) determining a forest ecosystem service function index value quantity parameter of the measuring and calculating unit: collecting social public resource data related to forest ecosystem service function value evaluation, and obtaining market value quantity parameters corresponding to forest ecosystem service function index quality parameters;
(6.2) calculating the service function value of the forest ecological system in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
U k,m,t ＝P k,m ×C m
in U k,m,t For the t-th monitoring, the value of the serving function index of the forest ecological system in the unit area of the m class of the kth measuring and calculating unit; c (C) m The obtained mth forest ecosystem service function index value parameter is the social public resource data related to forest ecosystem service function value quantity evaluation through collection.
The further technical scheme is that the calculation formulas for obtaining and evaluating the quality and the value of the forest stand forest ecological system service function index in the step (8.1) are respectively as follows:
G m,t ＝U m,t ×C m
in U m,t For the t-th monitoring, the quality of service function index substances of the m-th forest ecosystem is measured; g m,t For the t-th monitoring, the value of the functional index of the m-th forest ecosystem service is measured; s is(s) k,t For the t-th monitoring, the k-th cell area is calculated.
The further technical scheme is that the calculation formulas for obtaining and evaluating the total value and the variation of the forest stand forest ecological system service function in the step (8.2) are respectively as follows:
ΔG t,t-1 ＝G t -G t-1
wherein G is t Forest ecosystem for t-th monitoringThe total value of the service functions is unified; g t-1 The total value of the forest ecological system service function monitored for the t-1 th time is calculated; ΔG t,t-1 And (5) the total value variation of the function of the forest ecological system service monitored for the t time and the t-1 time.
The further technical scheme is that the specific steps in the step (7) are as follows:
(7.1) evaluating forest stand remote sensing change pattern plaque interpretation: after preprocessing the updated remote sensing image, obtaining the image spots of which the land types of all measuring and calculating units change in the monitoring period, determining the number of the changed image spots and the area of the boundary, and initially judging the change reason, wherein quality inspection ensures that no overlapped image spots and no finely broken image spots exist;
(7.2) evaluating stand remote sensing change pattern spot verification: collecting archives, adopting an information verification mode for the change pattern spots supported by the archives, and indoor confirmation of the current situation type, the change reason, the current situation stand factors, the management factors and the project activity factors; the method comprises the steps of adopting an field investigation mode for the change pattern spots without file data support, investigating and confirming the current place type, the change reason, the current forest stand factors, the management factors and the project activity factors in a field manner, refining pattern spots with inconsistent investigation factors including the place type and the change reason, and filling in the investigation factors;
(7.3) evaluating stand pattern spot update and current database formation: carrying out graph update and attribute update on a graph spot database of a front-stage project measuring and calculating unit by using a remote sensing change graph spot database, carrying out attribute logic and space topology quality inspection on an update result to ensure that logic is correct and that no overlapping, gaps and multi-component topology errors exist, and recalculating the graph spot areas of the measuring and calculating units by using GIS software to form an estimated stand current database to obtain the graph spot areas for estimating stand latest measuring and calculating units;
(7.4) evaluating stand pattern change generation and change database formation: and carrying out spatial combination on graphs by using a front-stage measuring and calculating unit pattern spot database and a forest stand current state evaluation database, and perfecting and filling the change reasons, change bases and change time by attribute factors according to attribute quality inspection logic of the change database to form a forest stand change evaluation database.
In the step (2), the monitoring area is firstly partitioned according to geographic units or administrative areas, then is layered according to forest stand characteristics, and the project measuring and calculating unit boundaries are defined by referring to forest resource planning, design and investigation, forest and grass ecological comprehensive monitoring results and using GPS, remote sensing and topography as assistance, a project measuring and calculating unit vector database is drawn by using GIS software, and then the measuring and calculating unit areas are calculated.
In the step (1), if the project monitoring area is a county level or above large scale range of forest resource planning, partitioning according to geographic units or administrative areas, layering according to forest stand features, and obtaining unit area biomass of the estimated forest stand after accuracy inspection and correction by adopting a mechanical sampling scheme with random starting points and system distribution points in the partitions and layering; if the service functions of the forest ecosystem in a small scale range including the design of forestation and forest tending operation below county level and urban forests and park greenbelts are evaluated, distributing the number of sample areas according to the area size of a monitoring area, adopting a typical sampling scheme, selecting representative strong, uniformly distributing the sample areas in an evaluation forest stand measuring and calculating unit, and evaluating the biomass of the unit area of the forest stand; if the monitoring range is very small, the monitoring is carried out in a mode of full forest or standard wood monitoring.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention also provides an application system, which comprises an Internet of things sample layout application system and a forest ecosystem service function evaluation system, wherein the Internet of things sample layout application system is used for layout, time service, data acquisition and periodical operation of Internet of things sample lands, and transmits acquired data to the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system, the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system is used for organizing and managing a forest ecosystem service function evaluation flow, a survey and monitoring scheme is formulated, a project measuring and calculating unit is defined, and forest stand unit area biomass evaluation, monitored area change and updated forest ecosystem service function evaluation index parameters and social public resource data are acquired, so that forest stand ecological system service function object quality and value are calculated and evaluated.
The application system is laid to the thing networking sample area, and is including:
and a user management module: the method is used for managing the user identity, the user authority and the user roles, verifying and managing all levels of users of the Internet of things sample layout application system;
The Internet of things sample layout module: the system is used for guiding investigation personnel to test, connect and deploy the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor, and ensures the information acquisition and data return of the physical network sample area;
sample land sample wood information acquisition module: the method comprises the steps that a researcher is used for completing sample area information input and sample wood information acquisition and obtaining relevant investigation data of unit biomass calculation;
the sample site periodical operation module of the Internet of things: the method is used for the server to perform unified time service on the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor, and periodically monitor the running state of the Internet of things sample plot equipment.
The further technical scheme is that the forest ecological system service function evaluation system comprises:
survey monitoring scheme formulation module: the system is used for superposing geographic units, administrative areas and summarizing and analyzing forest stand characteristics according to the project boundary range input by a user, and providing a forest ecosystem service function evaluation monitoring scheme suggestion;
the project calculating unit delimits the module: the project measuring and calculating unit vector database is used for managing user drawing;
the forest stand single-site area biomass monitoring module is evaluated: providing sampling design and sampling number calculation interfaces of a mechanical sampling scheme and a typical sampling scheme of a user, summarizing data of monitoring sample areas of the Internet of things, and calculating and evaluating average biomass of a forest stand in unit area;
The forest stand area change evaluation monitoring module: the method is used for a user to carry out remote sensing image preprocessing, change detection, change pattern investigation, data updating and area calculation;
the actual measurement forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameter acquisition and updating module: the system is used for classifying, managing and updating the actually measured forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters acquired by the ecological monitoring station by a user;
the social public resource data updating and maintaining module: the system is used for the user to conduct classified and hierarchical management of archives and materials on the collected social work resource data, and update the value parameters of the forest ecosystem service function evaluation indexes;
the quality and value calculation module is used for evaluating the quality and value of the forest stand forest ecological system service function objects: the method is used for a user to calculate and statistically analyze the quality, the value and the variation of the forest ecosystem service function object of the forest stand in the monitoring period, output the quantity, the quality, the structure and the distribution of the forest ecosystem service function index in a zoning and classifying mode, compare the conditions of each monitoring object before and after the monitoring period, display the monitoring data by using a three-dimensional map, a visual chart and a time sequence axis, and intuitively embody the dynamic variation of the monitoring result.
In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention further provides a cloud platform, which includes a mobile data collection end, a server end and a basic cloud platform, wherein the mobile data collection end is deployed with the above-mentioned internet of things sample layout application system, the server end is deployed with the above-mentioned forest ecosystem service function evaluation system, and the basic cloud platform includes a computing server which is not limited to building a computing resource pool, a storage server which builds a storage resource pool, a network server and a gateway which build a network resource pool, a virtualized platform software for performing resource virtualization management, and an application platform which deploys an operating system, a database platform, a GIS platform and a network middleware on the virtualized platform.
Compared with the prior art, the method can dynamically update the area change of the organisms and the stand by adopting a combination mode of the Internet of things monitoring and the remote sensing change monitoring, and periodically calculate the quality and the value of the service function objects of the forest ecological system, and has the following advantages:
the forest ecological system service function quality data acquisition cost is low and the difficulty is small: compared with the long-term continuous positioning observation data and forest resource checking data of the forest ecological system which are difficult to obtain, particularly the forest resource checking data are confidential data, the biomass quantity per unit area in the invention is derived from the monitoring sample plot of the Internet of things, the monitoring data updated in real time can be obtained continuously and almost at zero cost once the monitoring sample plot is arranged, and the data is accurate and has low cost. The indoor comparison and updating can be carried out on the estimated stand area according to the public remote sensing image, the acquisition difficulty is low, and the method is suitable for wide popularization and use;
The updating period of the basic data is short: compared with the monitoring period of the forest resource checking data, which is 5 times a year, and the investigation period of the forest resource planning design investigation data, which is generally 10 times a year, the monitoring period of the invention is determined by the monitoring sample of the Internet of things, the monitoring timeliness is greatly improved, and the tree growth dynamics can be accurately and detailedly mastered;
the measurement result can be intuitively perceived by the public: the invention can evaluate and evaluate the operation designs of county and above units in a large scale range and below county, forest building and forest tending and the like and the service functions of forest ecosystems in a small scale range of urban forests and park greenbelts and the like, and the evaluation results are intuitively felt by the public and are easy to generate sense of identity and sense of fusion because the range is not limited by data and the data updating period is fast, thereby really recognizing and feeling the importance of the forest ecosystems.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a dynamic evaluation method for service functions of a forest ecosystem according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the Internet of things monitoring for evaluating forest stand unit area biomass according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the method for evaluating forest stand area change monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an application system for distributing an internet of things sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a forest ecosystem service function evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is given by way of illustration and explanation only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the features in the embodiments and in the different embodiments in this document can be combined accordingly by a person skilled in the art from the description of this document.
The embodiment of the invention is as follows, referring to fig. 1, a dynamic evaluation method for service functions of a forest ecological system, comprising the following steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a survey and monitoring scheme: making a survey monitoring scheme according to the degree range of the forest ecological system;
if the project monitoring area is a county level of forest resource planning, designing and researching and evaluating the service function of the forest ecosystem in a large scale range of units above, partitioning according to geographic units or administrative areas, layering according to forest stand features, adopting a mechanical sampling scheme with random starting points and system distribution points in the partitions and layering, and obtaining the biomass of the unit area of the estimated forest stand after precision inspection and correction; if the service functions of the forest ecosystem in a small scale range including the design of forestation and forest tending operation below county level and urban forests and park greenbelts are evaluated, distributing the number of sample areas according to the area size of a monitoring area, adopting a typical sampling scheme, selecting representative strong, uniformly distributing the sample areas in an evaluation forest stand measuring and calculating unit, and evaluating the biomass of the unit area of the forest stand; if the monitoring range is very small, the monitoring is carried out in a mode of full forest or standard wood monitoring.
(2) The project measuring and calculating unit is defined as follows: demarcating the boundary of the project measuring and calculating unit, and calculating the area of each measuring and calculating unit;
firstly partitioning a monitoring area according to geographic units or administrative areas, layering according to forest stand characteristics, consulting forest resource planning, designing, investigating and surveying, forest and grass ecology comprehensive monitoring results, demarcating project measuring and calculating unit boundaries by using GPS, remote sensing and topography as assistance, drawing a project measuring and calculating unit vector database by using GIS software, and calculating the area of each measuring and calculating unit. Stand features include, but are not limited to, dominant tree species group, origin, age group.
(3) Assessing forest stand single-site area biomass internet of things monitoring: according to the project monitoring area, developing a monitoring sampling design and deploying a unit area biomass internet of things monitoring sample area according to a survey monitoring scheme, and dynamically monitoring and evaluating the forest stand unit area biomass; the specific steps are as shown in fig. 2:
(3.1) monitoring the sampling design;
regarding the number of plots:
for the mechanical sampling scheme, the plot number calculation formula is as follows.
n-the number of overall patterns of items within the item boundary;
t-reliability index;
y, estimating a biomass carbon reserve variation coefficient;
e-sampling allows for relative error;
The investigation accuracy requirement is 90% reliability level down sampling accuracy up to 90%.
For a typical sampling scheme, the pattern allocation table is as in table 1:
table 1 monitoring area and survey pattern distribution number
| Area of monitoring area (hectare) | <200 | 200-400 | 400-600 | 600-800 | >800 |
| Number of plots (number) | 2-3 | 3-4 | 4-5 | 5-6 | 6-8 |
Regarding the sample size: the area of the sample land is 0.04-0.06 hectare, the size of the sample land is suggested to be square, and the area is 1 mu, namely 0.0667 hectare.
(3.2) deploying a biomass internet of things monitoring sample area in a unit area, and collecting the chest diameter and the growth condition of the monitoring sample wood; the specific process is as follows:
the mechanical sampling scheme is the same as the typical sampling scheme in terms of deployment of the unit area biomass internet of things monitoring sample. The biomass physical network monitoring sample plot in unit area consists of a tree path measuring sensor, a communication gateway and a communication server 3. The tree diameter measuring sensor is wound around the breast diameter of the wood to be measured, and monitors the breast diameter and growth condition of the wood in a periodic wake-up mode. The communication gateway acquires the time service of the communication server, synchronizes to the tree path measuring sensor, gathers the data of the tree path measuring sensor and sends the data to the communication server. The communication server uniformly manages the time service and the state of the communication gateway. The Internet of things sample plot realizes the dynamic monitoring of biomass per unit area of the estimated stand by a low-power consumption operation mode of 'one-day measurement according to weekly feedback'. The deployment flow is as follows:
(3.2.1) after the perimeter measurement of the sample site is completed, a communication gateway is fixed in the center of the sample site, and the communication gateway is connected with a communication server to acquire time service.
(3.2.2) fixing tree diameter measuring sensors for the chest diameter positions of each wood sample by adopting a zigzag route and inputting wood sample tree species and wood sample type information.
(3.2.3) automatically searching for connection communication gateway through wireless network after the tree diameter measuring sensor is started, the communication gateway time-service the tree diameter measuring sensor and returning the collected data to the server, and disconnecting the same tree diameter measuring sensor to enter a dormant state after the success.
(3.2.3) automatically entering a dormant state by the tree path measuring sensor under the condition of no communication gateway connection;
(3.2.5) the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor automatically wake up at the set wake-up time, wake-up duration and wake-up frequency, and the steps (3.2.3) and (3.2.4) are completed until the monitoring period is finished.
(3.3) evaluating the average biomass calculation of the forest stand per unit area; the mechanical sampling scheme and the typical sampling scheme have the same calculation flow for evaluating the average unit area biomass of the stand. And calculating and evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area by adopting a biomass method according to the collected sample area information.
(3.3.1) according to the tree species and breast diameter of the sample tree collected in the step (3.2), using a tree height curve of the current tree species in the sample area, taking the diameter as an independent variable, taking the tree height as a dependent variable, and calculating all the tree heights of the sample tree, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
h i,j,t ＝f j (d i,j,t )
Wherein d i,j,t For the t-th monitoring, the breast diameter of the ith plant sample of the tree species j; h is a i,j,t For the t-th monitoring, the ith plant of the tree species j is high in the tree; f (f) j (d i,j,t ) Calculating a tree height curve equation of the tree height of the sample tree according to the breast diameter of the sample tree for the tree species j; i is the ith plant sample wood; j is tree species j; t is the t-th monitoring;
(3.3.2) calculating biomass, namely taking the average chest diameter and the average tree height as independent variables, taking the biomass as dependent variables, obtaining the ratio of underground biomass to above-ground biomass, and calculating the biomass of all the samples;
(3.3.3) summarizing the biomass of each wood in the sample area, and calculating and evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein B is j,t Biomass of tree species j for the t-th monitoring;for the t-th monitoring, evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area; s is the sample area; n is the number of plots.
(4) The forest stand accuracy test and correction is evaluated, and the accuracy test and correction is not performed by a typical sampling scheme. For the mechanical sampling scheme, the specific steps are as follows:
(4.1) calculating the variance of the biomass per unit area of the overall sample area in the monitored area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein B is n,t For the t-th monitoring, the n-th assessment of the biomass of the stand plot; n is the nth estimated stand plot; s is S t Variance of biomass per unit area for the overall sample area within the monitored area;
(4.2) calculating uncertainty of the average biomass per unit area of the monitoring area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein u is t For the t-th monitoring, evaluating uncertainty of the forest stand single-site area biomass; t is a reliability index;
(4.3) judging u t If the sampling precision requirement is met, executing the step (5), and if the sampling precision requirement is not met, executing the step (4.4); for example, if the sampling precision is set to 90%, the precision requirement is met when the sampling precision is less than or equal to 10%, and the precision requirement is not met when the sampling precision is greater than or equal to 10%, and the precision deduction correction flow is needed.
(4.4) precision deduction correction: by u t Value and sample setting essenceJudging whether the degree exceeds a set precision maximum threshold, if so, starting from the step (3.1), increasing the number of samples, otherwise, adopting a deduction coefficient, and carrying out coefficient deduction on the result to obtain a monitoring result. For example, the sampling precision is set to 90%,30% is the maximum precision threshold, and if the precision is greater than or equal to 30%, the number of samples is increased from the monitoring of the sample sampling design flow. The change amount of the front period and the rear period is more than 10 and less than 20 percent, the change amount of the front period and the rear period is more than 0, the buckling is reduced by 6 percent, the change amount of the front period and the rear period is more than 10 and less than 20 percent, the change amount of the front period and the rear period is less than 0, and the buckling is reduced by-6 percent. The change amount of the front period and the rear period is more than 20 and less than 30 percent, the change amount of the front period and the rear period is more than 0, the deduction is 11 percent, the change amount of the front period and the rear period is more than 20 and less than 30 percent, the change amount of the front period and the rear period is less than 0, and the deduction is minus 11 percent.
(5) And (3) evaluating the quality calculation of service functions of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system: acquiring unit area biomass and net growth of two monitoring periods of the estimated stand through the monitoring of the estimated stand unit area biomass by the Internet of things; the forest stand parameters measured in the same evaluation unit are equivalently replaced with the forest stand parameters to be evaluated through the forest ecological system service correction coefficients, the forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters measured by the forest ecological monitoring station are obtained, and the forest ecological system service function object quality in a unit area is evaluated;
(5.1) determining the quality parameters of the forest ecological system service function indexes of the measuring and calculating unit: according to a continuous observation data set of a forest ecological element full index system, according to an estimated stand measuring and calculating unit vector database, obtaining actual measurement stand parameters corresponding to each measuring and calculating unit, and determining forest ecological system service function index substance quantity parameters of the measuring and calculating unit; wherein the measured stand parameters include, but are not limited to, a non-stand soil erosion modulus, a soil nitrogen content, a soil phosphorus content, a soil potassium content, a soil organic content, a stand nitrogen element content, a stand phosphorus element content, a stand potassium element content, an off-stand rainfall, a stand evaporation amount, a stand surface rapid runoff amount, a stand soil carbon fixation amount, a stand anion concentration, a stand tree height, a stand annual sulfur dioxide absorption amount, a stand annual fluoride absorption amount, a stand annual nitrogen oxide absorption amount, a stand unit area annual lag TSP amount, a stand unit area annual lag PM 10 Quantity, lin Fenshan bitsArea annual diapause PM 2.5 The amount, the wind erosion module of the forests without forests and the wind erosion module of the forests.
And (5.2) calculating the quality of service functional objects of the forest ecological system in unit area, and acquiring the biomass in unit area and the net growth of the two monitoring periods of the estimated stand through monitoring the biomass in unit area of the estimated stand by the Internet of things. And (3) calculating the equivalent measured stand parameters in the same evaluation unit instead of the estimated stand parameters through the forest ecosystem service correction coefficients. Acquiring actual measurement forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters of a forest ecological monitoring station, and evaluating the quality of the forest ecological system service function object in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein G is k,m,t For the t-th monitoring, the quality of service function index objects of the forest ecological system in the unit area of the m class of the kth measuring and calculating unit; p (P) k,m In order to obtain the quality parameters of the service function indexes of the mth forest ecological system of the kth measuring and calculating unit through actual measurement of the forest ecological monitoring station, the parameters are the actual measurement forest score and parameters in the same evaluation unit, and the parameters are processed as constants in a certain calculation period after being determined, so that the calculation results are ensured to be continuously comparable; b (B) base,k,t For the t-th monitoring, the corresponding actually measured stand single-site area biomass of the kth measuring and calculating unit; For the t-th monitoring, the kth measuring and calculating unit evaluates the single-site area biomass of the stand; />For the t-1 monitoring, the kth measuring and calculating unit evaluates the single-site area biomass of the stand.
(6) And (3) evaluating the service functional value quantity of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system and calculating: acquiring quality parameters of serving function indexes of the forest ecological system in unit area and corresponding market value parameters, and evaluating the serving function value of the forest ecological system in unit area;
(6.1) determining a forest ecosystem service function index value quantity parameter of the measuring and calculating unit: collecting social public resource data related to forest ecosystem service function value evaluation, and obtaining market value quantity parameters corresponding to forest ecosystem service function index quality parameters; wherein the market value parameters include, but are not limited to, cost per unit volume of earth excavated and transported, price of diammonium phosphate fertilizer, price of potassium chloride fertilizer, price of water resource market trade, purifying cost, carbon fixation price, oxygen price, anion production cost, sulfur dioxide treatment cost, fluoride treatment cost, nitrogen oxide treatment cost, dust fall cleaning cost, PM 10 Cleaning cost, PM 2.5 Cleaning cost, sand fixation cost, crop and pasture price.
(6.2) calculating the service function value quantity of the forest ecological system in unit area, obtaining the quality parameter of the service function index of the forest ecological system in unit area and the corresponding market value parameter, and evaluating the service function value quantity of the forest ecological system in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
U k,m,t ＝P k,m ×C m
in U k,m,t For the t-th monitoring, the value of the serving function index of the forest ecological system in the unit area of the m class of the kth measuring and calculating unit; c (C) m In order to collect social public resource data related to forest ecosystem service function value evaluation, the obtained mth forest ecosystem service function index value parameter is processed as a constant in a certain calculation period after being determined, so that the calculation result is ensured to be continuous and comparable.
(7) And (3) evaluating the forest stand area change monitoring: except that the monitoring range is very small, the method for monitoring the change of the quantity of Lin Fenyang woods is judged by evaluating the feedback condition of a forest stand unit area biomass internet of things monitoring sample tree diameter measuring sensor, and other monitoring schemes adopt remote sensing change monitoring methods, namely, two-period remote sensing images are subjected to change pattern detection, and the update and change generation of an estimated stand measuring and calculating unit are realized by judging and verifying the change pattern, so that the current database and the change database of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit are obtained, and the latest measuring and calculating unit area for evaluating the quality calculation of service functions of a forest stand forest ecological system is obtained, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of, as shown in fig. 3:
(7.1) evaluating forest stand remote sensing change pattern plaque interpretation: after preprocessing the updated remote sensing image, obtaining the image spots of which the land types of all measuring and calculating units change in the monitoring period, determining the number of the changed image spots and the area of the boundary, and initially judging the change reason, wherein quality inspection ensures that no overlapped image spots and no finely broken image spots exist;
(7.2) evaluating stand remote sensing change pattern spot verification: collecting archives, adopting an information verification mode for the change pattern spots supported by the archives, and indoor confirmation of the current situation type, the change reason, the current situation stand factors, the management factors and the project activity factors; the method comprises the steps of adopting an field investigation mode for changing pattern spots without file data support, investigating and confirming current land types, changing reasons, current stand factors, management factors and project activity factors in a field manner, refining pattern spots inconsistent with important investigation factors such as land types, changing reasons and the like, and filling investigation factors; and combining indoor and outdoor investigation results to form a remote sensing change pattern database with complete investigation factor filling and correct attribute logic.
(7.3) evaluating stand pattern spot update and current database formation: carrying out graph update and attribute update on a graph spot database of a front-stage project measuring and calculating unit by using a remote sensing change graph spot database, carrying out attribute logic and space topology quality inspection on an update result to ensure that logic is correct and that no overlapping, gaps and multi-component topology errors exist, and recalculating the graph spot areas of the measuring and calculating units by using GIS software to form an estimated stand current database to obtain the graph spot areas for estimating stand latest measuring and calculating units;
(7.4) evaluating stand pattern change generation and change database formation: and carrying out spatial combination on graphs by using a front-stage measuring and calculating unit pattern spot database and a forest stand current state evaluation database, and perfecting and filling the change reasons, change bases and change time by attribute factors according to attribute quality inspection logic of the change database to form a forest stand change evaluation database.
(8) Evaluating the quality and the value of the service function objects of the forest stand forest ecological system and calculating;
(8.1) calculating the mass and value of the service function indexes of the forest stand forest ecological system: obtaining the quality and the value of the service function index of the forest stand forest ecological system by obtaining the quality of the service function of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system, the pattern area of the latest measuring unit of the forest stand and the market value parameter; the calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
G m,t ＝U m,t ×C m
in U m,t For the t-th monitoring, the quality of service function index substances of the m-th forest ecosystem is measured; g m,t For the t-th monitoring, the value of the functional index of the m-th forest ecosystem service is measured; s is(s) k,t For the t-th monitoring, the k-th cell area is calculated.
(8.2) evaluating the calculation of the total value and the variation of the forest stand forest ecological system service function: summarizing the value quantities of the service function index items of each forest ecological system to obtain the total value quantity and the variation quantity of the service function of the forest stand forest ecological system; the calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
ΔG t,t-1 ＝G t -G t-1
Wherein G is t The total value of the forest ecological system service function monitored for the t time is calculated; g t-1 The total value of the forest ecological system service function monitored for the t-1 th time is calculated; ΔG t,t-1 And (5) the total value variation of the function of the forest ecological system service monitored for the t time and the t-1 time.
(9) Judging the end of monitoring and periodically monitoring: and (3) periodically running and monitoring according to the set time of the monitoring sample plot of the Internet of things, and ending the monitoring if the monitoring of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit area and the biomass in unit area is completely stopped.
The server adopts unified time service for the communication gateway for evaluating the forest stand single-site area biomass Internet of things sample, so that the communication gateway is guaranteed to have the same wake-up time, wake-up duration and wake-up frequency for each tree path measuring sensor. And the same frequency of monitoring the biomass in the single-site area of all the sample areas is ensured.
In the new monitoring period, the real-time estimated forest stand unit area carbon reserves are obtained through the Internet of things sample plot for estimating the forest stand unit area biomass, the new remote sensing images are obtained, the area of the measuring and calculating unit is updated through the estimated forest stand remote sensing change monitoring, and the total object quality, the total value quantity and the change quantity of the service function of the forest stand ecological system in the period are calculated and obtained. And if a new remote sensing image is not obtained, continuously using the area of the upper period measuring and calculating unit to calculate the total quality, the total value and the variation of the service function of the forest stand forest ecological system in the period.
The invention also provides an application system for the dynamic evaluation of the forest ecological system service function, which comprises an Internet of things sample layout application system and a forest ecological system service function evaluation system, wherein the Internet of things sample layout application system is used for layout, time service, data acquisition and periodical operation of Internet of things sample, and the acquired data are transmitted to the forest ecological system service function evaluation system, which is used for organizing and managing a forest ecological system service function evaluation flow, making a survey and monitoring scheme, defining an item measuring and calculating unit, and calculating and evaluating the forest stand forest ecological system service function quality and value by acquiring and evaluating the forest stand single-site area biomass, the monitored area change and updated forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters and social public resource data.
As shown in fig. 4, the application system for distributing the internet of things sample comprises:
and a user management module: the method is used for managing the user identity, the user authority and the user roles, verifying and managing all levels of users of the Internet of things sample layout application system;
the Internet of things sample layout module: the system is used for guiding investigation personnel to test, connect and deploy the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor, and ensures the information acquisition and data return of the physical network sample area;
Sample land sample wood information acquisition module: the method comprises the steps that a researcher is used for completing sample area information input and sample wood information acquisition and obtaining relevant investigation data of unit biomass calculation;
the sample site periodical operation module of the Internet of things: the method is used for the server to perform unified time service on the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor, and periodically monitor the running state of the Internet of things sample plot equipment.
As shown in fig. 5, the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system includes:
survey monitoring scheme formulation module: the system is used for superposing geographic units, administrative areas and summarizing and analyzing forest stand characteristics according to the project boundary range input by a user, and providing a forest ecosystem service function evaluation monitoring scheme suggestion;
the project calculating unit delimits the module: the project measuring and calculating unit vector database is used for managing user drawing;
the forest stand single-site area biomass monitoring module is evaluated: providing sampling design and sampling number calculation interfaces of a mechanical sampling scheme and a typical sampling scheme of a user, summarizing data of monitoring sample areas of the Internet of things, and calculating and evaluating average biomass of a forest stand in unit area;
the forest stand area change evaluation monitoring module: the method is used for a user to carry out remote sensing image preprocessing, change detection, change pattern investigation, data updating and area calculation;
The actual measurement forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameter acquisition and updating module: the system is used for classifying, managing and updating the actually measured forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters acquired by the ecological monitoring station by a user;
the social public resource data updating and maintaining module: the system is used for the user to conduct classified and hierarchical management of archives and materials on the collected social work resource data, and update the value parameters of the forest ecosystem service function evaluation indexes;
the quality and value calculation module is used for evaluating the quality and value of the forest stand forest ecological system service function objects: the method is used for a user to calculate and statistically analyze the quality, the value and the variation of the forest ecosystem service function object of the forest stand in the monitoring period, output the quantity, the quality, the structure and the distribution of the forest ecosystem service function index in a zoning and classifying mode, compare the conditions of each monitoring object before and after the monitoring period, display the monitoring data in a three-dimensional map, a visual chart, a time sequence axis and other modes, and intuitively embody the dynamic variation of the monitoring result.
The invention also provides a cloud platform, which is provided in the embodiment as follows: the system comprises a mobile data acquisition end, a server end and a basic cloud platform, wherein the mobile data acquisition end is provided with the application system for arranging the Internet of things sample, the server end is provided with the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system, and the basic cloud platform comprises a calculation server for constructing a calculation resource pool, a storage server for constructing a storage resource pool, a network server and a gateway for constructing a network resource pool, virtualization platform software for carrying out resource virtualization management, and an application platform for arranging an operating system, a database platform, a GIS platform and network middleware on the virtualization platform.
The mobile data acquisition end comprises various tablet computers, palm computers, mobile phones and other electronic equipment with mobile internet network access, wireless ad hoc network modules (WIFI and Bluetooth), navigation positioning, certain calculation and energy storage capacity processing capacity and the like carrying the application system of the sample plot layout of the Internet of things, a user management function for investigation personnel, the sample plot layout function of the Internet of things, the sample plot sample wood information acquisition function of the sample plot and the periodic operation function of the sample plot of the Internet of things.
The server side comprises a server, a workstation or a virtual machine and other devices for providing calculation, storage and network capacity for the operation of the forest ecological system service function evaluation system, and provides investigation and monitoring scheme making function, project measuring and calculating unit defining function, forest stand single-site area biomass monitoring evaluation function, forest stand area change evaluation monitoring function, actual forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameter acquisition and updating function, social public resource data updating and maintenance function and forest stand forest ecological system service function quality and value evaluation function for management users.
The basic cloud platform comprises virtualization platform software which is not limited to an X86 computing server for constructing a computing resource pool, a storage server for constructing a storage resource pool, a network server for constructing a network resource pool, a gateway and the like and is used for carrying out resource virtualization management, and application platforms such as an operating system, a database platform, a GIS platform, a network middleware and the like are deployed on the virtualization platform.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A dynamic evaluation method for service functions of a forest ecological system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) And (3) establishing a survey and monitoring scheme: establishing a investigation monitoring scheme according to the monitoring range of the forest ecological system;
(2) The project measuring and calculating unit is defined as follows: demarcating the boundary of the project measuring and calculating unit, and calculating the area of each measuring and calculating unit;
(3) Assessing forest stand single-site area biomass internet of things monitoring: according to a survey and monitoring scheme, developing a monitoring sampling design and deploying a unit area biomass internet of things monitoring sample area, and dynamically monitoring and evaluating the forest stand unit area biomass;
(3.1) monitoring the sampling design;
(3.2) deploying a biomass internet of things monitoring sample area in a unit area, and collecting the chest diameter and the growth condition of the monitoring sample wood;
(3.3) evaluating the average biomass calculation of the forest stand per unit area;
(3.3.1) according to the tree species and breast diameter of the sample tree collected in the step (3.2), using a tree height curve of the current tree species in the sample area, taking the diameter as an independent variable, taking the tree height as a dependent variable, and calculating all the tree heights of the sample tree, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
h i，j，t ＝f j (d i，j，t )
Wherein d i，j，t For the t-th monitoring, the breast diameter of the ith plant sample of the tree species j; h is a i，j，t For the t-th monitoring, the ith plant of the tree species j is high in the tree; f (f) j (d i，j，t ) Calculating a tree height curve equation of the tree height of the sample tree according to the breast diameter of the sample tree for the tree species j; i is the ith plant sample wood; j is tree species j; t is the t-th monitoring;
(3.3.2) calculating biomass: taking the average chest diameter and the average tree height as independent variables, taking biomass as dependent variables, obtaining the ratio of underground biomass to overground biomass, and calculating the biomass of all the samples;
(3.3.3) summarizing the biomass of each wood in the sample area, and calculating and evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein B is j，t Biomass of tree species j for the t-th monitoring;for the t-th monitoring, evaluating the average biomass of the forest stand in unit area; s is the sample area; n is the number of plots;
(4) Evaluating the precision inspection and correction of the stand;
(5) And (3) evaluating the quality calculation of service functions of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system: acquiring unit area biomass and net growth of two monitoring periods of the estimated stand through the monitoring of the estimated stand unit area biomass by the Internet of things; the forest stand parameters measured in the same evaluation unit are equivalently replaced with the forest stand parameters to be evaluated through the forest ecological system service correction coefficients, the forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters measured by the forest ecological monitoring station are obtained, and the forest ecological system service function object quality in a unit area is evaluated;
(5.1) determining the quality parameters of the forest ecological system service function indexes of the measuring and calculating unit: according to a continuous observation data set of a forest ecological element full index system, according to an estimated stand measuring and calculating unit vector database, obtaining actual measurement stand parameters corresponding to each measuring and calculating unit, and determining forest ecological system service function index substance quantity parameters of the measuring and calculating unit;
(5.2) calculating the quality of service functional objects of the forest ecological system in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein G is k，m，t For the t-th monitoring, the quality of service function index objects of the forest ecological system in the unit area of the m class of the kth measuring and calculating unit; p (P) k，m The method comprises the steps of actually measuring through a forest ecological monitoring station, and correspondingly obtaining the quality parameters of the service function indexes of the mth forest ecological system of the kth measuring and calculating unit; b (B) base，k，t For the t-th monitoring, the corresponding actually measured stand single-site area biomass of the kth measuring and calculating unit;for the t-th monitoring, the kth measuring and calculating unit evaluates the single-site area biomass of the stand; />For t-1 monitoring, the kth measuring and calculating unit evaluates the single-site area biomass of the stand;
(6) And (3) evaluating the service functional value quantity of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system and calculating: acquiring quality parameters of serving function indexes of the forest ecological system in unit area and corresponding market value parameters, and evaluating the serving function value of the forest ecological system in unit area;
(7) And (3) evaluating the forest stand area change monitoring: updating and change generation of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit are realized through interpretation, verification and verification of the change pattern spots, a current database and a change database of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit are obtained, and the latest measuring and calculating unit area for calculating the quality of the service function of the stand forest ecosystem is obtained;
(8) Evaluating the quality and the value of the service function objects of the forest stand forest ecological system and calculating;
(8.1) calculating the mass and value of the service function indexes of the forest stand forest ecological system: obtaining the quality and the value of the service function index of the forest stand forest ecological system by obtaining the quality of the service function of the forest stand single-site area forest ecological system, the pattern area of the latest measuring unit of the forest stand and the market value parameter;
(8.2) evaluating the calculation of the total value and the variation of the forest stand forest ecological system service function: summarizing the value quantities of the service function index items of each forest ecological system to obtain the total value quantity and the variation quantity of the service function of the forest stand forest ecological system;
(9) Judging the end of monitoring and periodically monitoring: and (3) periodically running and monitoring according to the set time of the monitoring sample area of the biomass Internet of things in unit area, and ending the monitoring if the monitoring of the estimated stand measuring and calculating unit area and the biomass in unit area is stopped.
2. The method for dynamically evaluating the service functions of the forest ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps in the step (4) are as follows:
(4.1) calculating the variance of the biomass per unit area of the overall sample area in the monitored area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein B is n,t For the t-th monitoring, the n-th assessment of the biomass of the stand plot; n is the nth estimated stand plot; s is S t Variance of biomass per unit area for the overall sample area within the monitored area;
(4.2) calculating uncertainty of the average biomass per unit area of the monitoring area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein u is t For the t-th monitoring, the stand unit is evaluatedUncertainty in area biomass; t is a reliability index;
(4.3) judging u t If the sampling precision requirement is met, executing the step (5), and if the sampling precision requirement is not met, executing the step (4.4);
(4.4) precision deduction correction: by u t And judging whether the value and the sampling setting precision exceed the maximum threshold of the setting precision, if yes, starting from the step (3.1), increasing the number of samples, if not, adopting a deduction coefficient, and carrying out coefficient deduction on the result to obtain a monitoring result.
3. The method for dynamically evaluating the service functions of the forest ecosystem according to claim 2, wherein the specific steps in the step (6) are as follows:
(6.1) determining a forest ecosystem service function index value quantity parameter of the measuring and calculating unit: collecting social public resource data related to forest ecosystem service function value evaluation, and obtaining market value quantity parameters corresponding to forest ecosystem service function index quality parameters;
(6.2) calculating the service function value of the forest ecological system in unit area, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
U k，m，t ＝P k，m ×C m
in U k，m，t For the t-th monitoring, the value of the serving function index of the forest ecological system in the unit area of the m class of the kth measuring and calculating unit; c (C) m The obtained mth forest ecosystem service function index value parameter is the social public resource data related to forest ecosystem service function value quantity evaluation through collection.
4. A method for dynamically evaluating a forest ecosystem service function according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formulas for obtaining the quality and the value of the forest stand forest ecosystem service function index in the step (8.1) are as follows:
G m，t ＝U m，t ×C m
in U m，t For the t-th monitoring, the quality of service function index substances of the m-th forest ecosystem is measured; g m，t For the t-th monitoring, the value of the functional index of the m-th forest ecosystem service is measured; s is(s) k，t For the t-th monitoring, the k-th cell area is calculated.
5. The dynamic evaluation method for forest ecosystem service functions according to claim 4, wherein the calculation formulas for obtaining and evaluating the total value and the variation of the forest stand forest ecosystem service functions in the step (8.2) are as follows:
ΔG t,t-1 ＝G t -G t-1
wherein G is t The total value of the forest ecological system service function monitored for the t time is calculated; g t-1 The total value of the forest ecological system service function monitored for the t-1 th time is calculated; ΔG t,t-1 And (5) the total value variation of the function of the forest ecological system service monitored for the t time and the t-1 time.
6. The dynamic evaluation method of forest ecosystem service function according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the specific steps in the step (7) are as follows:
(7.1) evaluating forest stand remote sensing change pattern plaque interpretation: after preprocessing the updated remote sensing image, obtaining the image spots of which the land types of all measuring and calculating units change in the monitoring period, determining the number of the changed image spots and the area of the boundary, and initially judging the change reason, wherein quality inspection ensures that no overlapped image spots and no finely broken image spots exist;
(7.2) evaluating stand remote sensing change pattern spot verification: collecting archives, adopting an information verification mode for the change pattern spots supported by the archives, and indoor confirmation of the current situation type, the change reason, the current situation stand factors, the management factors and the project activity factors; the method comprises the steps of adopting an field investigation mode for the change pattern spots without file data support, investigating and confirming the current place type, the change reason, the current forest stand factors, the management factors and the project activity factors in a local manner, refining pattern spots with inconsistent investigation factors including the current place type and the change reason, and filling in the investigation factors;
(7.3) evaluating stand pattern spot update and current database formation: carrying out graph update and attribute update on a graph spot database of a front-stage project measuring and calculating unit by using a remote sensing change graph spot database, carrying out attribute logic and space topology quality inspection on an update result to ensure that logic is correct and that no overlapping, gaps and multi-component topology errors exist, and recalculating the graph spot areas of the measuring and calculating units by using GIS software to form an estimated stand current database to obtain the graph spot areas for estimating stand latest measuring and calculating units;
(7.4) evaluating stand pattern change generation and change database formation: and carrying out spatial combination on graphs by using a front-stage measuring and calculating unit pattern spot database and a forest stand current state evaluation database, and perfecting and filling the change reasons, change bases and change time by attribute factors according to attribute quality inspection logic of the change database to form a forest stand change evaluation database.
7. The method for dynamically evaluating the service functions of the forest ecosystem according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the monitoring area is partitioned according to geographical units or administrative areas, and then is layered according to forest stand characteristics, and the forest ecosystem comprehensive monitoring results are referred to, and project measuring unit boundaries are defined by using GPS, remote sensing and topography as assistance, and project measuring unit vector databases are drawn by using GIS software, and then the areas of the measuring units are calculated.
8. The dynamic evaluation method of forest ecosystem service function according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), if the project monitoring area is a county level or above large scale range of forest resource planning, partitioning according to geographic units or administrative areas, layering according to forest stand characteristics, and obtaining unit area biomass of the estimated forest stand after precision inspection and correction by adopting a mechanical sampling scheme of random starting points and system distribution points in the partitioning and layering; if the service functions of the forest ecosystem in a small scale range including the design of forestation and forest tending operation below county level and urban forests and park greenbelts are evaluated, distributing the number of sample areas according to the area size of a monitoring area, adopting a typical sampling scheme, selecting representative strong, uniformly distributing the sample areas in an evaluation forest stand measuring and calculating unit, and evaluating the biomass of the unit area of the forest stand; if the monitoring range is very small, the monitoring is carried out in a mode of full forest or standard wood monitoring.
9. An application system is characterized by comprising an Internet of things sample layout application system and a forest ecosystem service function evaluation system, wherein the Internet of things sample layout application system is used for carrying out dynamic evaluation of the forest ecosystem service function of any one of claims 1-8, the Internet of things sample layout application system is used for layout, time service, data acquisition and periodical operation of Internet of things sample lands, acquired data are transmitted to the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system, the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system is used for organizing and managing a forest ecosystem service function evaluation flow, a survey and monitoring scheme is formulated, a project measuring and calculating unit is defined, and the quality and value of forest ecosystem service functions of forest stand are calculated and evaluated by acquiring and evaluating single-site biomass of the forest stand, monitored area change and updated forest ecosystem service function evaluation index parameters and social public resource data.
10. The application system of claim 9, wherein the internet of things-like layout application system comprises:
and a user management module: the method is used for managing the user identity, the user authority and the user roles, verifying and managing all levels of users of the Internet of things sample layout application system;
the Internet of things sample layout module: the system is used for guiding investigation personnel to test, connect and deploy the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor, and ensures the information acquisition and data return of the physical network sample area;
sample land sample wood information acquisition module: the method comprises the steps that a researcher is used for completing sample area information input and sample wood information acquisition and obtaining relevant investigation data of unit biomass calculation;
the sample site periodical operation module of the Internet of things: the method is used for the server to perform unified time service on the communication gateway and the tree diameter measuring sensor, and periodically monitor the running state of the Internet of things sample plot equipment.
11. The application system of claim 10, wherein the forest ecosystem service function evaluation system comprises:
survey monitoring scheme formulation module: the system is used for superposing geographic units, administrative areas and summarizing and analyzing forest stand characteristics according to the project boundary range input by a user, and providing a forest ecosystem service function evaluation monitoring scheme suggestion;
The project calculating unit delimits the module: the project measuring and calculating unit vector database is used for managing user drawing;
the forest stand single-site area biomass monitoring module is evaluated: providing sampling design and sampling number calculation interfaces of a mechanical sampling scheme and a typical sampling scheme of a user, summarizing data of monitoring sample areas of the Internet of things, and calculating and evaluating average biomass of a forest stand in unit area;
the forest stand area change evaluation monitoring module: the method is used for a user to carry out remote sensing image preprocessing, change detection, change pattern investigation, data updating and area calculation;
the actual measurement forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameter acquisition and updating module: the system is used for classifying, managing and updating the actually measured forest ecological system service function evaluation index parameters acquired by the ecological monitoring station by a user;
the social public resource data updating and maintaining module: the system is used for the user to conduct classified and hierarchical management of archives and materials on the collected social work resource data, and update the value parameters of the forest ecosystem service function evaluation indexes;
the quality and value calculation module is used for evaluating the quality and value of the forest stand forest ecological system service function objects: the method is used for a user to calculate and statistically analyze the quality, the value and the variation of the forest ecosystem service function object of the forest stand in the monitoring period, output the quantity, the quality, the structure and the distribution of the forest ecosystem service function index in a zoning and classifying mode, compare the conditions of each monitoring object before and after the monitoring period, display the monitoring data by using a three-dimensional map, a visual chart and a time sequence axis, and intuitively embody the dynamic variation of the monitoring result.
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