CN116305494B - BIM-based automatic layout method for roof photovoltaic system - Google Patents
BIM-based automatic layout method for roof photovoltaic system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
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- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
Abstract
The invention provides a BIM-based automatic layout method for a roof photovoltaic system, which relates to the field of building photovoltaic simulation and comprises the following steps of S1: extracting a roof illumination area based on BIM; s2: establishing a photovoltaic panel abstract model, selecting a photovoltaic panel inclination angle, and determining a row distance L according to the photovoltaic panel inclination angle; s3: carrying out automatic arrangement of photovoltaic panels based on gridding, and determining the number of the photovoltaic panels which can be paved on the roof corresponding to each inclined angle; s4: calculating a total irradiation value corresponding to each inclined angle, and determining the number and the row spacing of the photovoltaic panels based on the optimal inclined angle; the method is based on extracting the integral area of the building roof from the BIM; an automatic laying algorithm determines an optimal row distance to ensure that the front photovoltaic plate and the rear photovoltaic plate can not mutually block to influence the light energy conversion rate; the output result is more accurate. And the scheme can calculate photovoltaic board group number and arrangement mode and automatic output photovoltaic board layout diagram automatically, and the automatic generation scheme time is within 10s, reduces manpower and materials, save time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building photovoltaic simulation, in particular to an automatic layout method of a roof photovoltaic system based on BIM.
Background
Under the global clean energy acceleration application background, the photovoltaic is gradually expanded in application scale by virtue of the advantages of low cost, low threshold, no pollution and the like, and the photovoltaic panel installation planning is greatly challenged along with the increase of installation scale.
Solar photovoltaic systems rely on solar radiation to generate electricity, and when sunlight projected onto a panel is blocked, the power output characteristics of the square matrix are severely affected, and a small shadow on the panel can also reduce the performance of the solar photovoltaic system, so that careful determination of sunlight paths and avoidance of shadows during the design and installation of the photovoltaic system is extremely important for ensuring the rated power of the square matrix and reducing the power generation cost of the photovoltaic system.
The traditional design scheme is that technicians measure a target building in the field, but high labor cost, manual measurement errors and the like influence the working efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. BIM (Building Information Modeling, building information model) is a digital representation of physical and functional properties of a building, which can provide comprehensive and accurate building information to users, so that BIM can be utilized for photovoltaic arrangement.
For example, in chinese patent application publication No. CN 109815544A and application publication No. 2019.05.28, a roof photovoltaic arrangement method based on BIM is disclosed, which includes: inputting longitude and latitude information, simulating a solar radiation track of a project building site, and obtaining an optimal solar radiation inclination angle; performing digital modeling on a building by using BIM, and obtaining an optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the optimal inclination angle of solar radiation; inputting the optimal inclination angle, arrangement mode and size of the photovoltaic panels, and digitally modeling the photovoltaic modules on the roof of the building; and simulating the illumination shadow of a fixed time period in one day, and determining the optimal arrangement distance of the photovoltaic panels according to the illumination shadow pictures of the fixed time period. However, the scheme does not provide a specific method for better determining the illumination area and guaranteeing the maximum irradiation value, and automatic arrangement of the photovoltaic panel laying scheme cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide an automatic arrangement method of a roof photovoltaic system based on BIM.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a BIM-based automatic layout method for a roof photovoltaic system comprises the following steps:
s1: extracting a roof illumination area based on BIM; according to building latitude B 0 Solar altitude A from winter to day 12 n Calculating the direction of light for the minimum illumination angle of the whole year; wherein A is n For the sun altitude of 12 days in winter, B 0 For building latitude, B 1 Regression line latitude for northern hemisphere region;
inputting the conditions into a BIM system, wherein the BIM system automatically performs self-adaption on the usable roof area according to the minimum illumination angle of the whole year and the height of the roof wall edge on the roof dotted data set of the building according to the light directionDynamic division divides the construction area S into illumination areas S 1 And a shadow area S 2 To ensure the illumination area S 1 Solar radiation can be received throughout the year;
s2: building a photovoltaic panel abstract model, selecting a photovoltaic panel inclination angle beta, gradually increasing from 0 degrees to 90 degrees one by one, and accurately obtaining 1 decimal place, and determining a row pitch L according to each photovoltaic panel inclination angle beta;
s3: performing automatic arrangement of photovoltaic panels based on gridding; according to the illumination area S 1 The row distance L of the photovoltaic plates and the width P of the photovoltaic plate group are determined, and the number N of the photovoltaic plates which can be paved in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic plate is determined.
S4: and calculating a total irradiation value corresponding to each inclination angle, determining an optimal inclination angle and the corresponding photovoltaic panel number N and row spacing L based on the maximum total irradiation value, and displaying a final paving diagram through an automatic paving algorithm in the step S3.
The width of the single photovoltaic plate and the number of the photovoltaic plate groups are known data, and the width P of the photovoltaic plate groups can be obtained by multiplying the known data.
The invention is further provided with: the photovoltaic panel pitch L in step S2 includes two cases, a normal pitch L 1 And last row spacing L 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Gradually increasing the inclination angles beta of the photovoltaic panels from 0 degrees to 90 degrees one by one and accurately reaching the decimal place 1, and determining the corresponding row spacing L of each inclination angle beta of the photovoltaic panels;
from the building of an abstract model of the photovoltaic panel,
AD is the inclined side of the photovoltaic panel, AB is the projection of the photovoltaic panel, BD is the height of the photovoltaic panel after installation, BC is the shadow of the photovoltaic panel, CE is the reserved maintenance safety distance, alpha is the illumination inclination angle, and beta is the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel.
Therefore, in the BIM-based roof photovoltaic system, the row distance of the photovoltaic panel is influenced by the illumination inclination angle alpha and the inclination angle beta of the photovoltaic panel, and is controlled by the inclination edge and the maintenance safety distance of the photovoltaic panel, wherein the illumination inclination angle alpha and the inclination edge of the photovoltaic panel are maintained safelyThe distance is a fixed value, so the photovoltaic panel pitch is affected by the tilt angle β of the tilted photovoltaic panel. And the illumination area S 1 The number of the photovoltaic plates laid is influenced by the row spacing of the photovoltaic plates, so that the inclination angle of the photovoltaic plates influences the whole row laying meter.
The invention is further provided with: for illumination area S 1 Dividing the photovoltaic panel into a plurality of rows according to row spacing, wherein each row is divided according to the width P of the photovoltaic panel groups, and the number of the photovoltaic panel groups paved in the roof area is N; s3, determining the number N of the paved photovoltaic plates in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic plate; the width P of the photovoltaic panel group is obtained by multiplying the width of a single photovoltaic panel and the number of the inner panels of the photovoltaic panel group according to known data;
the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel influences the total radiation value I z The optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is the total irradiation value I of the roof z Maximum photovoltaic panel tilt angle.
The invention is further provided with: the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31: input illumination zone S 1 The row distance L of the photovoltaic panels and the width P of the photovoltaic panel group; to the illumination area S 1 Gridding, and taking gridding size dGrid=10cm;
s32: calculating the grid number RN corresponding to the row pitch of the adjacent photovoltaic panel area according to the grid size dGrid;
s33: automatically arranging the RN block areas every time when the RN block areas are taken for the roof-nodized grids;
s34: when the RN block areas are automatically arranged, row-column grid statistical width of the block areas is met, an effective mark is set, and otherwise, the RN block areas are invalid;
s35: setting a valid flag for the statistical width of the row grid to meet the requirement of the row grid of the block area, otherwise, setting the valid flag to be invalid;
s36: further, for the row grids of the block area, taking the initial effective grid as a starting point of arrangement, and taking the span of the row grid as an arrangement area;
s37: checking the grid span, wherein the grid span is valid in an arrangeable interval, or else, the grid span is invalid;
s38: the effective part calculates the number of the photovoltaic panel groups in the line-direction network span according to the line-direction grid span and the photovoltaic panel group width P, and a photovoltaic panel region arrangement result is obtained;
s39: circulating to the step S34 until the arrangement of the photovoltaic panel groups in the RN block area is completed;
s310: looping to step S33 until the illumination area S 1 The arrangement is completed;
s311: and outputting a photovoltaic panel layout diagram, and determining the number N of the photovoltaic panel groups which can be paved in the roof area.
The invention is further provided with: step S4 is specifically that the number N of the photovoltaic panel groups and the irradiation value I of the single photovoltaic panel group can be paved in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic panel determined in the step S3 t Multiplying to obtain total irradiation value I of roof area z ；
From this, the total irradiance value I is determined z And (3) calculating the corresponding row distance L when the maximum inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel, and displaying a final paving diagram through an automatic paving algorithm in the step S3.
The invention is further provided with: calculating the irradiation It received by a single photovoltaic panel group according to the total irradiation quantity I of 31 provinces, autonomous areas and direct jurisdictions except for the port Australian platform areas of the whole country;
in the middle ofI b Is the irradiation value of the inclined plane,I d for the value of the scattered radiation,Ifor the irradiation values of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of the building in table 1,R b for the ramp irradiance ratio (Ratio of Beam Radiation),βfor the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel,ρ g for the ground reflectance, usually takenρ g =0.2；
R b The ramp irradiation ratio is calculated as follows:
in the middle ofFor local latitude>Is the declination angle>Taking a winter-to-sun illumination Angle (Hour Angle) for the Hour Angle;
；
wherein n is the number of days of the year, and the system defaults to n=365;
slope irradiation value I b Calculated as follows:
wherein I is o Is the irradiation value of the ground plane,
；
wherein n is the number of days of the year, and the system defaults to n=365;
scatter irradiance value I d The calculation is performed by the following method,
；
wherein K is t Is a clear index.
In summary, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the present application is based on industryThe basic IFC standard extracts the integral area of the building roof from the standard BIM model of the building; setting an optimal row distance to ensure that the front photovoltaic plate and the rear photovoltaic plate can not mutually block and influence the light energy conversion rate; collecting the illumination of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and direct jurisdictions except for the port Australian platform region of the whole country, calculating the irradiation received by a single photovoltaic panel, and finally obtaining the radiation value I of the inclination angle influence of the photovoltaic panel z Maximum photovoltaic panel tilt angle and determining row spacing; the obtained illumination area and the determined row distance are more accurate, so that the optimal photovoltaic panel layout diagram is obtained.
2. The scheme can calculate photovoltaic board group number and arrangement mode and automatic output photovoltaic board layout diagram automatically, and automatic generation scheme time is within 10s, reduces manpower and materials, save time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a BIM-based rooftop photovoltaic system automatic arrangement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the step S3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an abstract model of a photovoltaic panel constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a table of reference values of total irradiance I of 31 provinces, municipalities and municipalities in the country except for the port Australian platform area in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an illumination area extracted by a BIM-based rooftop photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a layout diagram of photovoltaic panels output by the automatic layout method of a roof photovoltaic system based on BIM according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and based on the embodiments in the present application, other similar embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments.
Examples:
1-2 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a BIM-based automatic arrangement method for a roof photovoltaic system, comprising the steps of:
s1: extracting a roof illumination area based on BIM;
the building roof integral area is extracted from a standard BIM model of the building based on the industrial base class IFC standard. The installation of the photovoltaic panel requires that a safety passage of 80cm is reserved along the wall of the building to ensure the subsequent normal maintenance and debugging of the photovoltaic panel battery equipment to finally obtain a constructable area S, as shown in fig. 5 (a).
The position of the shadow changes as the sun moves, and thus the solar irradiance level obtained by the roof photovoltaic deployment area model varies from moment to moment. The photovoltaic cell panel is installed and deployed at a position with sufficient illumination conditions, so that higher photovoltaic output power can be obtained theoretically. If the photovoltaic solution ensures that the sunlight is received without shadow shielding during winter to day 12, it is indicated that full illumination can be received throughout the year.
The regression line latitude B1=23° 26' in northern hemisphere areas of China is calculated in such a way that the sun altitude angle An is the annual minimum illumination angle when the sun goes from winter to 12 days, and the shadow is the annual longest shadow;
calculating the light direction according to the building latitude B0 and the solar altitude angle An at 12 winter to day as the minimum illumination angle of the whole year; wherein An is the solar altitude angle from winter to day 12, B0 is the building latitude, and B1 is the regression line latitude in northern hemisphere areas; construction area is formed by pointing the roof into a data set according to the direction of lightS is divided into illumination areas S 1 And a shadow area S 2 To ensure the illumination area S 1 Solar radiation can be received throughout the year; as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the blank area is the illumination area S 1 The shaded portion is a shaded area S 2 。
The method ensures that the radiation conversion rate of the light Fu Banguang is highest, calculates the light direction according to the latitude B0 of the building and 12 days in winter, and divides the construction area S into illumination areas S according to the light-to-roof-spot data set 1 And a shadow area S 2 To ensure the illumination area S 1 Solar radiation can be received throughout the year.
S2: building a photovoltaic panel abstract model, as shown in fig. 3, building the photovoltaic panel abstract model, selecting a photovoltaic panel inclination angle beta, gradually increasing from 0 degrees to 90 degrees one by one and accurately reaching decimal back 1 position, and determining a row pitch L according to each photovoltaic panel inclination angle beta;
the photovoltaic panel pitch L in step S2 includes two cases, a normal pitch L 1 And last row spacing L 2 ；
From the building of an abstract model of the photovoltaic panel,
AD is the inclined side of the photovoltaic panel, AB is the projection of the photovoltaic panel, BD is the height of the photovoltaic panel after installation, BC is the shadow of the photovoltaic panel, CE is the reserved maintenance safety distance, alpha is the illumination inclination angle, and beta is the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel.
Therefore, in the BIM-based roof photovoltaic system, the row distance of the photovoltaic panel is influenced by the illumination inclination angle alpha and the inclination angle beta of the photovoltaic panel, the inclined edge of the photovoltaic panel is controlled by the maintenance safety distance, and the maintenance safety distance between the illumination inclination angle alpha and the inclined edge of the photovoltaic panel is a fixed value, so that the row distance of the photovoltaic panel is influenced by the inclination angle beta of the inclined photovoltaic panel. And the illumination area S 1 The number of the laid photovoltaic panels is influenced by the row spacing of the photovoltaic panels, so that the photovoltaic panelsThe plate tilt angle affects the overall row lay-up gauge.
S3: performing automatic arrangement of photovoltaic panels based on gridding; according to the illumination area S 1 And automatically calculating the row distance L of the photovoltaic plates and the width P of the photovoltaic plate group to obtain a photovoltaic plate specific layout.
The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31: input illumination zone S 1 The row distance L of the photovoltaic panels and the width P of the photovoltaic panel group; to the illumination area S 1 Gridding, and taking gridding size dGrid=10cm;
s32: calculating the grid number RN corresponding to the row width of the adjacent photovoltaic panel area according to the grid size dGrid;
s33: automatically arranging the RN block areas every time when the RN block areas are taken for the roof-nodized grids;
s34: when the RN block areas are automatically arranged, row-column grid statistical width of the block areas is met, an effective mark is set, and otherwise, the RN block areas are invalid;
s35: setting a valid flag for the statistical width of the row grid to meet the requirement of the row grid of the block area, otherwise, setting the valid flag to be invalid;
s36: further regarding the row grids of the block area, taking the starting effective grid as the starting row grid span of the arrangement as the arrangement area;
s37: checking the grid span, wherein the grid span is valid in an arrangeable interval, or else, the grid span is invalid;
s38: the effective part calculates the number of the photovoltaic panel groups in the line-direction network span according to the line-direction grid span and the photovoltaic panel group width P, and a photovoltaic panel region arrangement result is obtained; i.e. the number of rows;
s39: circulating to the step S34 until the arrangement of the photovoltaic panel groups in the RN block area is completed;
s310: looping to step S33 until the illumination area S 1 The arrangement is completed;
s311: and outputting a photovoltaic panel layout.
S4: and calculating a total irradiation value corresponding to each inclination angle, determining an optimal inclination angle and the corresponding photovoltaic panel number N and row spacing L based on the maximum total irradiation value, and displaying a final paving diagram through an automatic paving algorithm in the step S3.
For illumination area S 1 Dividing the photovoltaic panel into a plurality of rows according to row spacing, wherein each row is divided according to the width of the photovoltaic panel groups, and the number of the photovoltaic panel groups paved in the roof area is N; the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel influences the radiation value I z The optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel when the integral irradiation value of the roof is maximum;
according to the total irradiation dose I of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and direct jurisdictions except the port Australian platform area of the whole country, as shown in fig. 4, the embodiment calculates the irradiation dose I received by a single photovoltaic panel by adopting the average value of the total irradiation doses of the horizontal planes of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and direct jurisdictions except the port Australian platform area of the whole country in 2021 year t ；
In the middle ofI b Is the irradiation value of the inclined plane,I d for the value of the scattered radiation,Ifor the irradiation values of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of the building in table 1,R b for the ramp irradiance ratio (Ratio of Beam Radiation),βfor the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel,ρ g for the ground reflectance, usually takenρ g =0.2；
R b The ramp irradiation ratio is calculated as follows:
in the middle ofFor local latitude>Is the declination angle>Taking a winter-to-sun illumination Angle (Hour Angle) for the Hour Angle;
；
slope irradiation value I b Calculated as follows:
wherein I is o Is the irradiation value of the ground plane,
；
wherein n is the number of days of the year, and the system defaults to 365;
scatter irradiance value I d Calculating according to the following formula, wherein Kt is a clear index;
。
the inclination angle beta of the photovoltaic panels is gradually increased from 0 DEG to 90 DEG to 1 decimal place, and the radiation I received by a single photovoltaic panel group is determined t The photovoltaic panel tilt angle beta at maximum; determining the number N of the photovoltaic panel groups which can be paved in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic panel through the step S3, and then, combining the number N with the irradiation value I of the single photovoltaic panel group t Multiplying to obtain the maximum integral irradiation value I z ；
From this, the total irradiance value I is determined z And (3) calculating the corresponding row distance L when the maximum inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel, and displaying a final paving diagram through an automatic paving algorithm in the step S3.
Experiments are carried out by adopting the automatic layout method of the roof photovoltaic system based on BIM, the rationality and the generation efficiency of the automatic layout method are checked, the result is shown in figure 6, the layout scheme meets the actual requirements of the industry, in the aspect of time performance, the automatic generation scheme time is within 10 seconds, the time is saved, the manpower and material resources are reduced, and the scheme requirement is met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The automatic layout method of the roof photovoltaic system based on the BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: extracting a roof illumination area based on BIM; according to building latitude B 0 Solar altitude A from winter to day 12 n Calculating the direction of light for the minimum illumination angle of the whole year; wherein A is n For the sun altitude of 12 days in winter, B 0 For building latitude, B 1 Regression line latitude for northern hemisphere region;
will A n 、B 0 And B 1 Inputting the building roof salinization data set into a BIM system according to the light direction, automatically dividing the usable roof area according to the minimum illumination angle of the whole year and the height of the roof wall edge, and dividing the construction area S into illumination areas S 1 And a shadow area S 2 To ensure the illumination area S 1 Solar radiation can be received throughout the year;
s2: building a photovoltaic panel abstract model, selecting a photovoltaic panel inclination angle beta, gradually increasing from 0 degrees to 90 degrees one by one, and accurately obtaining 1 decimal place, and determining a row pitch L according to each photovoltaic panel inclination angle beta;
s3: performing automatic arrangement of photovoltaic panels based on gridding; according to illuminationZone S 1 The row distance L of the photovoltaic plates and the width P of the photovoltaic plate group, and determining the number N of the photovoltaic plates which can be paved in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic plate based on a gridding automatic paving algorithm;
s31: input illumination zone S 1 The row distance L of the photovoltaic panels and the width P of the photovoltaic panel group; to the illumination area S 1 Gridding, and taking gridding size dGrid=10cm;
s32: calculating the grid number RN corresponding to the row pitch of the adjacent photovoltaic panel area according to the grid size dGrid;
s33: automatically arranging the RN block areas every time when the RN block areas are taken for the roof-nodized grids;
s34: when the RN block areas are automatically arranged, row-column grid statistical width of the block areas is met, an effective mark is set, and otherwise, the RN block areas are invalid;
s35: setting a valid flag for the statistical width of the row grid to meet the requirement of the row grid of the block area, otherwise, setting the valid flag to be invalid;
s36: further, for the row grids of the block area, taking the initial effective grid as a starting point of arrangement, and taking the span of the row grid as an arrangement area;
s37: checking the grid span, wherein the grid span is valid in an arrangeable interval, or else, the grid span is invalid;
s38: the effective part calculates the number of the photovoltaic panel groups in the line-direction network span according to the line-direction grid span and the photovoltaic panel group width P, and a photovoltaic panel region arrangement result is obtained;
s39: circulating to the step S34 until the arrangement of the photovoltaic panel groups in the RN block area is completed;
s310: looping to step S33 until the illumination area S 1 The arrangement is completed;
s311: outputting a photovoltaic panel layout diagram, and determining the number N of the photovoltaic panel groups which can be paved in the roof area;
s4: calculating a total irradiation value corresponding to each inclined angle, determining an optimal inclined angle and the corresponding photovoltaic panel number N and the row spacing L based on the maximum total irradiation value,
the number N of the photovoltaic panel groups and the irradiation value I of the single photovoltaic panel group can be paved in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic panel determined in the step S3 t The multiplication is performed and,obtaining the total irradiation value I of the roof area z ；
From this, the total irradiance value I is determined z And (3) calculating the corresponding row distance L when the maximum inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel is the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel, and displaying a final paving diagram through an automatic paving algorithm in the step S3.
2. The automatic arrangement method of a roof photovoltaic system based on BIM according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic panel pitch L in step S2 includes two cases, a normal pitch L 1 And last row spacing L 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Gradually increasing the inclination angles beta of the photovoltaic panels from 0 degrees to 90 degrees one by one and accurately reaching the decimal place 1, and determining the corresponding row spacing L of each inclination angle beta of the photovoltaic panels;
from the building of an abstract model of the photovoltaic panel,
AD is the inclined side of the photovoltaic panel, AB is the projection of the photovoltaic panel, BD is the height of the photovoltaic panel after installation, BC is the shadow of the photovoltaic panel, CE is the reserved maintenance safety distance, alpha is the illumination inclination angle, and beta is the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel.
3. The automatic arrangement method of a BIM-based roof photovoltaic system according to claim 2, wherein the method is directed to an illumination area S 1 Dividing the photovoltaic panel into a plurality of rows according to the row spacing L, wherein each row is divided according to the width P of the photovoltaic panel groups, and the number of the photovoltaic panel groups paved in the roof area is N; s3, determining the number of the paved photovoltaic plates in the roof area corresponding to the inclination angle of each photovoltaic plate; the width P of the photovoltaic panel group is obtained by multiplying the width of a single photovoltaic panel and the number of the inner panels of the photovoltaic panel group according to known data;
the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel influences the total radiation value I z The optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel isTotal radiation value I of roof z Maximum photovoltaic panel tilt angle.
4. A method for automatic arrangement of a BIM-based rooftop photovoltaic system according to claim 3, wherein the radiation I received by a single photovoltaic panel set is calculated from the total radiation I across the country t ；
In the middle ofI b Is the irradiation value of the inclined plane,I d for the value of the scattered radiation,Ithe irradiation value is the province where the building is located,R b in order to achieve the irradiation ratio of the inclined plane,βfor the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel,ρ g for the ground reflectance, usually takenρ g =0.2；
R b The ramp irradiation ratio is calculated as follows:
in the middle ofFor local latitude>Is the declination angle>Taking a winter-sun illumination angle for an hour angle;
；
wherein n is the number of days of the year, and the system defaults to n=365;
slope irradiation value I b Calculated as follows:
wherein I is o Is the irradiation value of the ground plane,
；
wherein n is the number of days of the year, and the system defaults to n=365;
scatter irradiance value I d The calculation is performed by the following method,
wherein K is t Is a clear index.
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