CN116291367A - Monitoring and analyzing method and device for torsion impactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a method and a device for monitoring and analyzing a torsion impactor. Wherein the method comprises the following steps: measuring engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor during operation, wherein the engineering measurement data is data related to the motion state of a downhole drill bit; extracting data features from the engineering measurement data by using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method; the torsional impactor is monitored based on the extracted data features. The torque impactor detection method and device solve the technical problem that the actual working state of the torque impactor cannot be effectively monitored and analyzed in the prior art.

Description

Monitoring and analyzing method and device for torsion impactor

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a method and a device for monitoring and analyzing a torsion impactor.

Background

At present, the oil and gas exploration in China gradually develops to deep wells and ultra-deep wells, well drilling faces increasingly complex stratum environments and drilling process problems, and the exploration difficulty is continuously increased. In order to improve the mechanical drilling speed and alleviate the problem of downhole stick slip, a torsional impactor is introduced to carry out an operation mode of a polycrystalline diamond compact (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact, PDC) drill bit. However, from the current application situation, the torque impacter has very different use effects, and can achieve basic rock impact breaking capacity in the drilling and production process, but the torque impacter has unstable performance, and problems frequently occur after drilling, and even problems such as lower mechanical drilling rate, bit balling, bit tooth breakage and the like occur in the application process of some wells.

Therefore, how to monitor and analyze the actual working state of the downhole torque impactor to control the operation of the torque impactor is a technical problem to be solved. In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a monitoring and analyzing method and device of a torsion impactor, which at least solve the technical problem that the actual working state of the torsion impactor cannot be effectively monitored and analyzed in the prior art.

According to one aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a method for monitoring and analyzing a torsion impactor, including: measuring engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor during operation, wherein the engineering measurement data is data related to the motion state of a downhole drill bit; extracting data features from the engineering measurement data by using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method; based on the extracted data features, the torsional impactor is monitored and analyzed.

According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is also provided a monitoring and analyzing device for a torsion impactor, including: a measurement device configured to measure engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor when in operation, the engineering measurement data being data related to a state of motion of a downhole drill bit; an extraction module configured to extract data features from the engineering measurement data using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method; a monitoring module configured to monitor and analyze the torsional impactor based on the extracted data features.

In the embodiment of the application, a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method are utilized to extract data characteristics from the engineering measurement data; based on the extracted data characteristics, the torsion impactor is monitored and analyzed, so that the technical problem that the actual working state of the torsion impactor cannot be effectively monitored and analyzed in the prior art is solved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of monitoring and analyzing a torsional impactor according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a near bit measurement nipple according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring and analysis system for a torsional impactor according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another method of monitoring and analyzing a torsional impactor according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a comparison plot of test formations and drill time at various stages according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of monitoring and analyzing a torsion impactor according to yet another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is an analysis chart of various operating conditions of a torsional impactor according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a time domain plot of rotational speed and a frequency domain plot of lateral vibration for different weight on bit conditions according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a time domain plot of rotational speed and frequency domain plot of vibration at different displacements according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a graph of vibration signals versus different formations according to embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a torque comparison of different formations according to embodiments of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present application solution better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will be made in detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that embodiments of the present application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Example 1

According to an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a method for monitoring and analyzing a torsion impactor, as shown in fig. 1, including:

step S102, measuring engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor during operation, wherein the engineering measurement data is data related to the motion state of the downhole drill bit.

The engineering measurement data may include at least one of: vibration, rotation speed, weight on bit, torque and temperature of the torsion impactor.

Step S104, extracting data features from the engineering measurement data by using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method.

Obtaining a spectrogram of the transverse vibration of the torsion impactor based on the engineering measurement data by using a frequency domain analysis method; and extracting the data features from the spectrogram, wherein the data features comprise vibration frequencies.

Or, obtaining a rotational speed time domain diagram and a vibration frequency domain diagram of the torsion impactor under different drilling pressure conditions and/or different drilling fluid displacement conditions from the engineering measurement data by using the time domain analysis method and the frequency domain analysis method; and extracting the data features from the rotating speed time domain diagram and the vibration frequency domain diagram, wherein the data features comprise rotating speed and vibration frequency.

Or obtaining vibration data spectrograms and torque time domain graphs of the torsion impactor under different stratum conditions from the engineering measurement data by using the time domain analysis method and the frequency domain analysis method; and extracting the data features from the vibration data spectrogram and the torque time domain chart, wherein the data features comprise vibration frequency and torque.

And step S106, monitoring the torsion impactor based on the extracted data features.

Firstly, analyzing the data characteristics to determine the working impact frequency of the torsion impactor.

For example, under different weight-on-bit conditions, determining that the impact of the weight-on-bit on the rotational speed is less than an impact threshold by analyzing the data characteristics, the greater the weight-on-bit, the more stable the working impact frequency of the torsional impactor; determining by analyzing the data characteristics under different drilling fluid displacement conditions: at the moment of starting a pump, the rotating speed of the torque impactor is gradually increased, the drilling pressure is maintained stable, and the frequency is disordered; in the middle period, the rotating speed of the torsion impactor is gradually stable, and the drilling pressure is weakened under the influence of the buoyancy of drilling fluid; in the later period, the bit pressure of the torque impactor is increased, and the torque is increased; determining by analyzing the data characteristics under different formation conditions: when a soft stratum is drilled, the torque impactor has low working pulse and slow torque fluctuation; when drilling hard stratum, the working impact frequency of the torsion impactor is high, and the torque fluctuation is increased.

And then, judging whether the torsion impactor is in a normal working condition or not based on the working impact frequency so as to monitor the torsion impactor.

And finally, controlling the operation of the torsion impactor based on the analysis result of the data characteristics. For example, in the case that the weight-on-bit is less than the weight-on-bit threshold, increasing the weight-on-bit of the torsion impactor so that the torsion impactor works stably; improving the pulse impact of the torsion impactor when drilling hard stratum; and when the soft stratum is drilled, the torque of the torsion impactor is slowed down, and the working frequency of the torsion impactor is reduced.

In the embodiment of the application, in order to greatly improve the rock breaking and accelerating effect of the torsion impactor, the drilling engineering operation parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the performance parameters and the actual drilling conditions of the torsion impactor working underground. The downhole near bit measurement tool may measure engineering parameters at the near bit to better understand the state of motion of the bit and the torsional impactor.

According to the embodiment of the application, the torsion impactor is connected with the near-bit measuring nipple to form a set of torsion impactor monitoring system, and the acceleration performance of the torsion impactor tool is evaluated by carrying out on-site monitoring of the torsion impactor monitoring system, so that the torsion impactor and drilling parameters are optimized, and finally an actual drilling acceleration optimization scheme is formed.

It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the foregoing method embodiments are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the order of actions described, as some steps may be performed in other order or simultaneously in accordance with the present application. Further, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required in the present application.

From the description of the above embodiments, it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the method according to the above embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, but of course also by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), comprising several instructions for causing a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the method described in the embodiments of the present application.

Example 2

According to the embodiment of the application, a monitoring and analyzing device of the torsion impactor is also provided. The monitoring and analyzing device of the torsion impactor in this embodiment is a near-bit measuring nipple, as shown in fig. 2, the length of the near-bit measuring nipple is 300mm, the outer diameter is 178mm, the inner diameter is 43mm, the buckling type is 41/2' REG, the material is nonmagnetic steel, three bins are uniformly distributed on the wall of the near-bit measuring nipple, one is a core circuit board bin, the near-bit measuring nipple comprises a weight on bit and a torque measuring bridge circuit composed of strain gauges, a triaxial accelerometer, an MEMS gyroscope, a temperature sensor and the like, the other two are battery bins, and the connection modes of the two groups of batteries are parallel. The data sampling frequency of the near-bit measurement nipple is 400Hz, and the parameter measurement range and the measurement precision are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1

The monitoring and analyzing device of the torsion impactor of the present embodiment can implement the monitoring and analyzing method of the torsion impactor of the above embodiment, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted herein.

Example 3

According to an embodiment of the application, a monitoring system of the torsion impactor is also provided. The monitoring system of the torsion impactor in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and includes: the torque impactor 32, the PDC bit 34 and the near bit measurement nipple 36, wherein the torque impactor 32 is connected with the PDC bit 34 at the lower part and is close to the bit measurement nipple 36 at the upper part.

In this embodiment, the combination of the near-bit measuring nipple 36 and the torsion impactor 32 is utilized to analyze the measured data characteristics of the torsion impactor 32 during operation, establish the mapping relationship between different drilling rates, different drilling weights, different torques, different vibration frequencies and data characteristics, and calculate the rule of influence of each factor on the working efficiency of the torsion impactor 32. References are preferably provided for the well drilling torque impactor 32 selection, the drilling tool assembly design and the construction parameters, the monitoring of the working state of the torque impactor 32 is realized, and the acceleration technology of the torque impactor 32 is optimized.

The near bit measurement nipple 36 in this embodiment includes a measurement circuit 362, which measurement circuit 362 includes a microprocessor 3622. The microprocessor 3622 is used for measuring engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor when the torsion impactor works, wherein the engineering measurement data is data related to the motion state of the downhole drill bit; extracting data features from the engineering measurement data by using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method; the torsional impactor is monitored based on the extracted data features.

Alternatively, specific examples in this embodiment may refer to examples described in the foregoing embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and this embodiment is not described herein.

Example 4

The embodiment of the application also provides a monitoring and analyzing method of the torsion impactor based on Kmeans clustering. As shown in fig. 4, the method comprises the steps of:

step S402, collecting engineering measurement data.

According to the embodiment, the near-bit measuring nipple is combined with the torsion impactor to carry out underground test, after entering underground work, the torsion impactor monitoring system can measure axial vibration, normal vibration and tangential vibration at the near-bit position, can also measure bit weight, torque and rotating speed of the bit work, and stores engineering measurement data into the memory.

Axial vibration is the vibration of the drill bit in the axial direction, typically caused by elastic deformation of the drill rod. Normal vibration is the vibration of the drill bit in the normal direction, and is typically caused by structural changes in the formation or imbalance in the operation of the drill bit. Tangential vibration is the vibration of the drill bit in the tangential direction, and is typically caused by uneven wear of the drill bit or rotational instability of the drill bit. Weight on bit is the pressure the drill bit is subjected to during drilling of a formation, and is typically caused by the combined action of the weight of the drill pipe and the drill bit itself, as well as the resistance to drilling the formation. Torque is the torque experienced by the drill bit during drilling of the formation and is typically caused by the rotational torque of the drill pipe and the drill bit acting together. Rotational speed is the rotational speed of the drill bit during drilling of the formation, and is typically caused by rotation of the drill bit itself and rotation of the drill pipe.

The acquisition of the engineering measurement data has important significance for engineering fields such as oil and gas drilling and the like, and can be used for evaluating the working condition of a drill bit in the drilling process, determining the physical property and engineering characteristics of a stratum and the like, thereby providing basis for subsequent engineering design and analysis.

Step S404, data preprocessing.

And after the engineering measurement data are extracted, integrating the engineering measurement data into a section of relatively complete near-bit engineering measurement data set. Detecting abnormal data and eliminating the abnormal data. The purpose of this process is to reduce the probability of a judgment error caused by the measurement error of the sensor itself. And analyzing the difference of the underground drilling pressure and vibration when the underground torsion impactor works normally and abnormally, and carrying out frequency domain analysis on each group of data to obtain frequency domain characteristics, wherein the frequency domain characteristics of the underground triaxial vibration can reflect the working state of the torsion impactor.

In addition, for the processing of engineering measurement data, data cleaning and calibration are also required. Data cleansing involves handling problems with missing data, outliers, etc., to ensure accuracy and integrity of the data. And the data correction criteria are to eliminate errors and drift of the sensor, making the data more reliable and accurate.

When the working state of the torsion impactor is analyzed, frequency domain analysis is needed to be carried out on the vibration frequency, so that frequency components can be identified, characteristic frequencies can be found out, and whether the tool is in a normal working state or not can be judged. By comparing vibration frequency and weight-on-bit data at normal and abnormal operations, differences between them can be found and the data of normal and abnormal operations are constructed as a dataset. This helps build a machine learning model to predict the state of the tool, thereby taking timely action to prevent equipment damage or accidents.

And selecting data of normal operation and data of abnormal operation of the torsion impactor, namely, measuring a data set with vibration frequency in a tool operating frequency interval, measuring data with vibration frequency outside the tool operating frequency interval, and constructing a data set based on the data.

The process of data cleansing and calibration will be described in detail below.

Data cleansing is an important step in engineering survey data processing to ensure reliability and accuracy of the data. Assume engineering measurement data set d= { x1, x2,..x n }, where xi is the i-th data point.

First, missing data processing is performed. If missing data is present in the data set, interpolation algorithms can be used for processing. An interpolation algorithm based on a neighborhood average is presented here: for the ith missing data xi, a neighborhood set N (i) = { x (i-k),..x (i-1), x (i+1), x (i+k) } consisting of k data points before and after the ith missing data xi is found, and then an average value yi=mean (N (i)) of the neighborhood set is calculated, and yi is used for replacing the missing data xi.

Then, an outlier processing is performed. For the processing of outliers, the present embodiment provides a method for detecting outliers based on a score: first, the median and quartiles Q1 and Q3 of the data set are calculated, and then the quartile range iqr=q3-Q1 is calculated. For a data point xi, if it meets the following conditions: xi < Q1-k IQR or xi > q3+k IQR, where k is a constant, typically 1.5 or 3, representing the threshold for outliers. Xi is considered an outlier and needs to be processed.

Finally, outlier processing is performed. For the processing of outliers, methods such as cluster analysis or density estimation may be used. The embodiment adopts an outlier detection method based on local anomaly factors: for one data point xi, a neighborhood set N (i) formed by k data points before and after the data point is found, then the distance di between each data point in the neighborhood set and the xi is calculated, and then the local anomaly factor LOF (xi) of the xi is calculated, wherein the specific calculation method is as follows: LOF (xi) = (sum (di/max (k-distance (xi, xj)))/k/n. If LOF (xi) is greater than a predetermined threshold, xi is considered an outlier and needs to be processed.

Wherein D represents an engineering survey data set; xi represents the i-th data point in the engineering survey data set; k represents the neighborhood size, i.e., the number of front and back data points in missing data processing and outlier processing; n (i) represents a neighborhood set of ith data points; yi represents the neighborhood average of the ith missing data point; mean (N (i)) represents the average value of the neighborhood set N (i); median represents the median of the engineering survey data set; q1 represents a first quartile of the engineering survey data set; q3 represents the third quartile of the engineering survey data set; IQR represents the quartile range, i.e., Q3-Q1; k represents a constant threshold value in abnormal value detection, and is usually 1.5 or 3; LOF (xi) represents the local anomaly factor of data point xi; di represents the distance from xi for each data point in the neighborhood set; max (k-distance (xi, xj)) represents the distance from xi of the data point farthest from xi in the neighborhood set; n represents the size of the engineering survey data set.

The present implementation provides a data cleansing formula that differs from existing cleansing methods in that both missing data processing and outlier processing use the concept of neighborhood averages and quantiles, while outlier processing uses the concept of local outliers.

The data cleaning method has the following beneficial effects:

1) Data quality and accuracy are improved: the data cleaning can help to remove data anomalies such as missing values, outliers and the like, and improve the data quality and accuracy, so that engineering measurement data analysis and decision making are better supported.

2) Enhancing data reliability: the data cleaning can eliminate the influence of factors such as sensor errors, drift and the like, so that the measured data is more reliable and accurate, and the reliability and repeatability of the measured data are improved.

3) The data utilization value is improved: the data cleaning can remove invalid data and redundant information, and retain valid data and characteristics, so that engineering measurement data analysis and mining are better supported, and hidden rules and trends are found.

4) Reducing false decisions: the data quality and accuracy can be improved by data cleaning, so that the possibility of false decision making is reduced, and engineering risks and cost are reduced.

Step S406, initializing.

From data set sample P ⁽ⁱ⁾ (i=1, 2,., m) k samples were randomly chosen as the initial k cluster centers μ _j (j=1, 2,) k. The output is divided k cluster classes c= { C ₁ ，C ₂ ，...C _k }。

Wherein P is ⁽ⁱ⁾ Represents the i-th sample, μ _j Representing the j-th cluster center. k represents the initial cluster center number, C _k The kth partition cluster class of the output is represented.

Step S408, dividing.

Calculate sample P ⁽ⁱ⁾ (i=1, 2,., m) and each cluster center μ _j Euclidean distance of (j=1, 2,., k)

Will p ⁽ⁱ⁾ D marked as minimum _ij The corresponding category lambda _i Update +.>

Where x represents the data object, m represents the dimension of the sample data, d [ x, μ ] _i ]Representing data objects x through jth cluster center μ _j Is the Euclidean distance, x _j ，μ _ij Attribute value, lambda, representing the j-th dimension of data object x and cluster center mu _i Representing p ⁽ⁱ⁾ D marked as minimum _ij The corresponding category of the object is defined as,

representing the cluster class of the partition after updating the data object.

Step S410, recalculate the cluster center point.

Re-computing cluster centers for the new cluster class:

wherein μ' _i Representing the i new cluster center.

In step S412, convergence determination is performed.

And calculating the error square sum E between all the data samples and each data center, and ending the clustering process when the E value is minimum, otherwise, repeating the steps S408 and S410 until the E value is minimum, wherein the clustering center is not changed any more.

Where E represents the sum of squares of error between the data samples to the respective data centers.

Step S414, outputting the final cluster center and the category to which each sample belongs.

Example 5

The embodiment of the application also provides a monitoring and analyzing method of the torsion impactor. The embodiment adopts a torsional impact monitoring system combination: the near-bit measuring nipple joint, the torsion impactor and the PDC bit, wherein the outer diameter of the torsion impactor is 172mm, the working displacement is 20-35L/s, the impact frequency is 30-42 Hz, the torsion impact energy is 60-120J, and the pressure drop is 1.0-1.6 MPa. The drilling tool assembly comprises:

the drilling pressure is 5-8 t, the rotating speed is 77rpm, the discharge capacity is 27L/s, the drilling fluid density is 1.31g/cm < 3 >, the drilling fluid density is 23h when the drilling fluid is purely drilled, and the average mechanical drilling speed is 8.11m/h.

According to the time-of-drilling curve, the drilling process can be divided into the following 5 stages: (1) two-way (carboloy) -screw+pdc; (2) a three-open-torsion impactor+pdc break-in stage; (3) three-way (carboloy) -normal drilling; (4) three-way drilling (clay basin system); (5) a stage of lowering the rate of mechanical drilling. FIG. 5 shows the test formations and the comparison of drilling at each stage, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the PDC bit is in a running-in state and the mechanical drilling speed is slow when drilling is started. After the running-in period, the average mechanical drilling speed is greatly improved.

1) Contrast with adjacent wells in the same formation

A. B, C, D four wells are located in the same block and are drilled by PDC drill bits, and Table 2 shows that the average mechanical drilling rate is 8.11m/h after the torsion impactor and PDC are adopted in the test well compared with the adjacent wells in the same stratum as compared with the drilling conditions of the 4 wells in the same stratum. Compared with the drilling mode of adopting a screw rod and PDC, the speed-increasing effect is obvious after the torsional punching tool is used.

TABLE 2

2) Contrast with adjacent well sections

As can be seen from Table 3 below (comparative table of rates of penetration at each stage), the rate of penetration was only 3.03m/h at 5343 to 5443m sections using the screw+PDC combination, and after a run-in period, the rate of penetration was raised to 7.92m/h at 5473 to 5553m sections, with 161% improvement over the upper section. The interlayer appears in 5554-5632 m, but the drilling rate of the clay basin system is improved by 81.8% under the condition that the construction parameters are basically the same due to the use of a torsional punching tool. Therefore, the use of the torsional punching tool can greatly improve the mechanical drilling speed and prolong the service life of the drill bit.

TABLE 3 Table 3

Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method of monitoring and analyzing a torsion impactor according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, the method comprising the steps of:

in step S602, the impact frequency of the torsion impactor is monitored.

The impact frequency is one of main performance indexes for measuring the quality of the torsion impactor, and the working impact frequency of the torsion impactor can be monitored by analyzing the measured near-bit transverse vibration data, so that whether the torsion impactor is in normal operation or not can be judged.

When the slurry is pumped, the displacement of the drilling fluid flowing through the torsion impactor exceeds a certain value, and the torsion impactor starts to work. As shown in fig. 7 (a), after the pump is turned on, the pump pressure is gradually increased, and when the start displacement is reached, the torque impactor starts to operate, and the impact frequency of the impactor design is 30-42 Hz. After filtering and denoising are carried out on the spectrogram of transverse vibration under the condition of normal drilling, the main vibration frequency can be seen to be about 40Hz, and the torque impactor can normally work underground. And (b) of fig. 7 shows a spectrum of lateral vibration when a complex working condition occurs in the well, and analysis finds that the main frequency of the lateral vibration is 15Hz at this time, but not in the normal working frequency range of the torsion impactor, which indicates that the torsion impactor is in an abnormal working state when the complex working condition occurs.

Step S604, analyzing the influence of the weight on the working efficiency of the torsion impactor.

Near-bit vibration data under different weight-on-bit conditions are analyzed and classified into three categories: (1) turning on the pump, when the drill bit does not contact the bottom of the well; (2) normal drilling, under the condition of small bit pressure; and (3) drilling normally and under the condition of large bit pressure.

Fig. 8 is a time domain plot of rotational speed versus lateral vibration for different weight on bit conditions. In the case of normal drilling with small bit pressure, as shown in fig. 8 (a), the drill bit and the rock can vibrate at a higher frequency, mainly between 100 Hz and 180 Hz. The torsion impactor works unstably at the moment, the impact frequency fluctuates between 30 and 40Hz, but the vibration amplitude is low at the moment. When the weight on bit increases, as in fig. 8 (b), the torsional impactor impact frequency stabilizes at 39Hz, at which time the vibration frequency generated by the action of the drill bit with the rock remains high and the vibration amplitude also increases substantially. The time domain diagram of the rotating speed is compared when the bit pressure is different, the influence of the bit pressure on the rotating speed is not obvious, but the larger the bit pressure is, the more stable the working frequency of the torsion impactor is, so the bit pressure can be properly improved in the drilling process, and the torsion impactor can work stably.

Step S606, analyzing the influence of the drilling fluid displacement on the working efficiency of the torsion impactor.

Near bit vibration data at different displacement stages are analyzed, and fig. 9 is a time domain diagram of the rotation speed and a frequency domain diagram of vibration at different displacement. In contrast, when the pump is turned on, as shown in fig. 9 (a), the rotation speed gradually increases from 0, and the frequency domain graph of vibration shows that the frequency is disordered at this time; in the middle period, the rotating speed is gradually stable, and when normal drilling is started in the later period, the rotating speed starts to change. At the moment of starting the pump, the drilling pressure is kept stable, the middle stage is influenced by the buoyancy of the drilling fluid, the drilling pressure is slightly weakened, and the later stage of drilling pressure increase starts to drill. The torque is kept unchanged at the moment of pump start and in the middle period, drilling is started in the later period, and the torque is increased. The vibration signal is kept stable at the moment of pump starting, after Fourier change, the vibration signal is messy and comprises vibration with various different frequencies at the initial stage, the drill string is gradually filled with drilling fluid at the middle stage, the vibration is enhanced, the obvious working frequency of the torsion impactor with the frequency of 40Hz can be observed in tangential vibration, drilling is started at the later stage, the vibration change is more severe, the similar working frequency of the torsion impactor with the frequency of 40Hz can be observed in the tangential vibration frequency range, and the normal working of the torsion impactor is indicated.

In step S608, different formation signal characteristics are analyzed.

Near-bit vibration data of different stratum phases are analyzed, and comparison finds that: when the drill bit drills into a hard stratum, after the transverse vibration data are subjected to Fourier transform, the vibration frequency of the interaction between the drill bit and rock is found to be up to 177Hz, and the working frequency of the torsion impactor is 40Hz at the moment, which indicates that the torsion impactor is normally operated at the moment, as shown in (a) of fig. 10; when the drill encounters soft stratum, the vibration frequency of the interaction between the drill bit and the rock is about 60Hz, and the working frequency of the torsion impactor is reduced to about 38Hz, as shown in (b) of fig. 10.

FIG. 11 is a graph of torque signal amplitude versus results for different formations, where large differences in torque ripple for different hardness formations can be seen. When a soft stratum is drilled, the working pulse of the torsion impactor is lower, and the torque fluctuation is obviously slower; when the stratum is hard to drill and larger torque is needed, the torsion impactor can improve the working frequency, high-pulse torsion impact is provided, and the change of the torque can be increased. The rock breaking mode of the PDC drill bit is changed by utilizing the torsion impactor, the continuous torque and the periodic high-energy impact are overlapped, and the torque with a certain frequency is applied by the torsion impactor, so that the rock is stably cut.

The embodiment combines the near-bit measuring nipple with the torsion impactor, and provides data support for monitoring the working state and analyzing the working efficiency of the torsion impactor:

(1) The torsion impactor solves the problem of insufficient tooth advance or insufficient shearing force of the PDC drill bit in the hard stratum, can greatly relieve the stick-slip phenomenon during the drilling of the hard stratum, improves the mechanical drilling speed and shortens the drilling period.

(2) Analysis of the vibration data shows that the torsional impact tool can work normally in field test, and the monitored impact frequency is the same as the tool design parameters. And the operating frequency of the torsional impactor will vary under different drilling conditions. The data measured by the near-bit measuring nipple can realize the working state monitoring of the torsion tool.

(3) Analysis for different weight on bit conditions shows that properly increasing weight on bit can make the torsional impactor work more stable. Analysis of data characteristics of different stratum shows that when the stratum is harder, the torque change is more obvious, and the working frequency of the torsion tool is increased at the moment, so that high-frequency pulse impact is provided; while when the formation is softer, the torque ripple is slowed and the operating frequency of the torque shock tool is slightly reduced. And when the displacement is different, the near-bit measuring nipple can monitor the normal working frequency of the torsional punching tool.

The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present application are merely for describing, and do not represent advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

The integrated units in the above embodiments may be stored in the above-described computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to cause one or more computer devices (which may be personal computers, servers or network devices, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.

In the foregoing embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.

In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed client may be implemented in other manners. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely exemplary, and the division of the units, such as the division of the units, is merely a logical function division, and may be implemented in another manner, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some interfaces, units or modules, or may be in electrical or other forms.

The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present application and are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A method of monitoring and analyzing a torsional impactor, comprising:

measuring engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor during operation, wherein the engineering measurement data is data related to the motion state of a downhole drill bit;

extracting data features from the engineering measurement data by using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method;

based on the extracted data features, the torsional impactor is monitored and analyzed.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting data features from the engineering measurement data using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method comprises:

obtaining a spectrogram of the transverse vibration of the torsion impactor based on the engineering measurement data by using a frequency domain analysis method;

and extracting the data features from the spectrogram, wherein the data features comprise vibration frequencies.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting data features from the engineering measurement data using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method comprises:

obtaining a rotational speed time domain diagram and a vibration frequency domain diagram of the torsion impactor under different drilling pressure conditions and/or different drilling fluid displacement conditions from the engineering measurement data by using the time domain analysis method and the frequency domain analysis method;

and extracting the data features from the rotating speed time domain diagram and the vibration frequency domain diagram, wherein the data features comprise rotating speed and vibration frequency.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting data features from the engineering measurement data using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method comprises:

obtaining vibration data spectrograms and torque time domain diagrams of the torsion impactor under different stratum conditions from the engineering measurement data by using the time domain analysis method and the frequency domain analysis method;

and extracting the data features from the vibration data spectrogram and the torque time domain chart, wherein the data features comprise vibration frequency and torque.

5. The method of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein monitoring and analyzing the torsional impactor based on the extracted data features comprises:

analyzing the data characteristics to determine the working impact frequency of the torsion impactor;

and judging whether the torsion impactor is in a normal working condition or not based on the working impact frequency so as to monitor the torsion impactor.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein analyzing the data characteristic comprises at least one of:

under different weight-on-bit conditions, determining that the influence of the weight-on-bit on the rotating speed is smaller than an influence threshold value by analyzing the data characteristics, wherein the larger the weight-on-bit is, the more stable the working impact frequency of the torsion impactor is;

determining by analyzing the data characteristics under different drilling fluid displacement conditions: at the moment of starting a pump, the rotating speed of the torque impactor is gradually increased, the drilling pressure is maintained stable, and the frequency is disordered; in the middle period, the rotating speed of the torsion impactor is gradually stable, and the drilling pressure is weakened under the influence of the buoyancy of drilling fluid; in the later period, the bit pressure of the torque impactor is increased, and the torque is increased;

determining by analyzing the data characteristics under different formation conditions: when a soft stratum is drilled, the torque impactor has low working pulse and slow torque fluctuation; when drilling hard stratum, the working impact frequency of the torsion impactor is high, and the torque fluctuation is increased.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein after monitoring and analyzing the torsional impactor, the method further comprises: and controlling the operation of the torsion impactor based on the analysis result of the data characteristics.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein controlling operation of the torsional impactor comprises at least one of:

under the condition that the weight on bit is smaller than a weight on bit threshold value, increasing the weight on bit of the torsion impactor, so that the torsion impactor works stably;

improving the pulse impact of the torsion impactor when drilling hard stratum; and when the soft stratum is drilled, the torque of the torsion impactor is slowed down, and the working frequency of the torsion impactor is reduced.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein after monitoring the torsional impactor based on the extracted data features, the method further comprises:

randomly selecting a plurality of data samples from the engineering measurement data as a plurality of initial clustering centers;

performing cluster analysis on the plurality of cluster centers in a circulating way until the square sum of errors between all data samples in the engineering measurement data and the plurality of cluster centers is minimum;

based on the result of the cluster analysis, judging a weight-on-bit value of the torsion impactor during normal operation and a weight-on-bit value during abnormal operation;

wherein the cluster analysis comprises:

calculating distances from all the data samples to a plurality of clustering centers, and classifying all the data samples based on the distances to obtain a plurality of categories;

reclassifying to an average value of the distances between the data samples in each of the plurality of categories and the clustering centers of the category, and taking the average value as a new clustering center of the category.

10. A monitoring and analysis device for a torsional impactor, configured to:

measuring engineering measurement data of the torsion impactor during operation, wherein the engineering measurement data is data related to the motion state of a downhole drill bit;

extracting data features from the engineering measurement data by using a time domain analysis method and a frequency domain analysis method;

based on the extracted data features, the torsional impactor is monitored and analyzed.

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