CN116287890B - High-strength high-toughness high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy and performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy and performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018507 Al—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018573 Al—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
In order to solve the problems that the strength of the connecting position of the existing aluminum alloy is obviously reduced after welding and the application range is limited, the invention provides a high-strength high-welding-performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy, which comprises aluminum elements, intermetallic compounds and other impurity elements, wherein the intermetallic compounds comprise the aluminum elements and the metal elements, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-15% of metal elements, less than 0.15% of other impurity elements and the balance of Al; the metal element constituent elements include two or more kinds of Si, fe, mn, V, zr, cu, cr, ni, ti, sc, mo, hf, zn; the invention strengthens the toughness of the aluminum alloy by controlling the characteristics of the intermetallic compound, such as the type, the size, the number density and the like, and remelts the metal elements at the welding position after the aluminum alloy is welded and forms the metal elements with small size in the quick cooling process, thereby strengthening the mechanical property of the welding seam and enabling the strength of the welding position to reach 80-95% of that of a base metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength high-toughness high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy and a performance and preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the proposal of the national 'double carbon' requirement, the aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, excellent forming property, good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, rich reserves and the like, and is gradually used as a preferable material for replacing steel Fe to be applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, traffic and the like.
In the field of transportation, al-Si series alloys are widely used due to their advantages of good fluidity, low density, excellent casting performance and the like. A large number of automobile parts are formed by high pressure casting using al—si alloys. Many of the automobile structural parts are complex thin-wall castings, deformation is easy to occur during heat treatment, bubbles are generated on the surfaces, and meanwhile, heat treatment equipment occupies large area and is high in price. High-pressure casting is limited by the tonnage of equipment, the production of a plurality of parts (such as a large-sized battery box and the like) cannot be molded at one time, the later splicing is needed to be completed, the cast aluminum alloy is required to have certain welding performance, and the toughness of the alloy at the connecting position after welding is not greatly reduced. In view of this situation, development of a high-pressure casting aluminum alloy having high strength and toughness and high weldability is highly desired.
The Chinese patent No. 113957302A discloses a non-heat treatment reinforced high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy material for a new energy automobile battery box, which is reinforced by a nanoscale refiner in an auxiliary way, so that the alloy obtains better mechanical properties in a non-heat treatment state, but the addition amount of the rare earth is large, and the production cost of parts is greatly increased. As a component to be spliced, the welding performance thereof is not concerned.
At present, most of patents related to cast aluminum alloy welding pay attention to the welding technology and process of die-casting parts, and little attention is paid to the design and preparation of die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high welding performance, and the strength of the connecting position of the existing high-pressure cast aluminum alloy after welding is obviously reduced, so that the application range is limited. Therefore, how to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems and drawbacks becomes an important problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the strength of the connecting position of the existing high-pressure casting aluminum alloy is obviously reduced after welding and the application range is limited, the invention provides the high-strength high-toughness high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy and the performance and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a high-strength high-toughness high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy, which comprises aluminum element, intermetallic compound and other impurity elements, wherein the intermetallic compound comprises the aluminum element and the metal element, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-15% of metal elements, less than 0.15% of other impurity elements and the balance of Al;
the metal element constituent elements include two or more kinds of Si, fe, mn, V, zr, cu, cr, ni, ti, sc, mo, hf, zn;
optionally, the intermetallic compound metal elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 7 to 13 percent of Si, 0.08 to 1 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 2 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.8 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Zr0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Ni, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Sc, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Hf and less than 2 percent of Zn.
Optionally, the intermetallic compound has a cubic or rhombic or close-packed hexagonal structure.
Optionally, in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy, the ratio of the area size of the crystal grains to the intermetallic compound is 3-7.
Optionally, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 110-130 MPa, the tensile strength is 270-300 MPa, and the elongation is 8-13%.
In another aspect, the application provides an application of the high-strength, high-welding performance and heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy as a welding part.
Optionally, the intermetallic compound at the welded position is polygonal or spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, and the hardness of the intermetallic compound at the welded position is 9-22 GPa; the number density is 50-100/mm 2 The tensile strength of the welding position is 80-95% of the tensile strength of the base material.
Other aspects of the present application provide a method for preparing a high strength, high weldability, heat treatment free high pressure casting aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, preheating and drying the alloy raw materials, sequentially adding the preheated raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating, melting and uniformly stirring to obtain an alloy melt;
applying protective gas to the obtained alloy melt, and then adding a refining agent to perform refining, degassing and impurity removal;
and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the melt subjected to degassing and impurity removal to obtain the casting.
Optionally, the temperature for preheating and drying the alloy raw materials is 50-600 ℃, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃, the stirring time is 10-20 minutes, and the casting temperature of high-pressure casting is 750-780 ℃.
Optionally, the sequence of adding the raw materials into the smelting furnace is as follows: adding pure Al and Al-Si alloy ingots into a smelting furnace for melting, adding pure metals containing Cu elements after the pure Al and Al-Si alloy ingots are completely melted, and adding two or more intermediate alloys such as Al, fe, mn, cr, zr, mo, ni, zn, V, ti, sc, hf and the like after the pure Al and Al-Si alloy ingots are completely dissolved.
According to the high-strength high-welding-performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy and the performance and preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, by controlling the characteristics of the types, the sizes, the number density and the like of strengthening phases in an alloy microstructure, two or more intermetallic compounds with certain density, size and shape are formed in an aluminum alloy matrix to strengthen the strength and toughness of the alloy, and meanwhile, after the aluminum alloy is welded, intermetallic compounds at a welding position are remelted and intermetallic compounds with small sizes are formed in a quick cooling process to strengthen the mechanical property of a welding seam, so that the strength of the welding position can reach 80-95% of that of a base metal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an alloy obtained after the welding of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the alloy obtained after the welding of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of the alloy obtained after the welding of example 3;
FIG. 4 shows the structure of the alloy obtained after the welding of example 4;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The test methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used, unless otherwise specified, are those commercially available.
According to the high-strength high-welding-performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention, the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum element, intermetallic compound and other impurity elements, the intermetallic compound comprises aluminum element and metal element, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-15% of metal elements, less than 0.15% of other impurity elements and the balance of Al;
the metal element constituent elements include two or more kinds of Si, fe, mn, V, zr, cu, cr, ni, ti, sc, mo, hf, zn.
In one embodiment, the metal elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 7 to 13 percent of Si, 0.08 to 1 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 2 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.8 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Zr0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Ni, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Sc, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Hf and less than 2 percent of Zn.
In one embodiment, the intermetallic compound is in a cubic or rhombic or close packed hexagonal structure.
It was found by tissue observation that a large number of dispersed phases exist in intermetallic compounds, and their crystal structures include simple cubic structures, rhombohedral structures, and close-packed hexagonal structures.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the grain size to the intermetallic compound surface area size in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy is 3 to 7.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy has a yield strength of 110-130 MPa, a tensile strength of 270-300 MPa, and an elongation of 8-13%.
In another aspect, the application provides an application of the high-strength, high-welding performance and heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy as a welding part.
In one embodiment, the intermetallic compound at the welded position is polygonal or spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, and the hardness of the intermetallic compound at the welded position is 9-22 GPa; the number density is 50-100/mm 2 The tensile strength of the welding position is the tensile strength of the base material80 to 95 percent of (C).
In order to achieve at least one of the above advantages of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high strength, high weldability, heat-treatment-free high pressure cast aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, preheating and drying the alloy raw materials, sequentially adding the preheated raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating, melting and uniformly stirring to obtain an alloy melt;
specifically, the alloying elements are added to the furnace in the form of a pure alloy or a master alloy, for example: the Al element is added in the form of pure Al; si element is added in the form of Al-Si intermetallic compound; the Fe element is added in the form of Al-Fe intermetallic compound; mn element is added in the form of Al-Mn intermetallic compound; mo element is added in the form of Al-Mo intermetallic compound; the Ni element is added in the form of Al-Ni intermetallic compound; zn element is added in the form of Al-Zn intermetallic compound; the V element is added in the form of Al-V intermetallic compound; the Hf element is added in the form of Al-Hf intermetallic compound; cr element is added in the form of Al-Cr intermetallic compound; ti element is added in the form of Al-Ti-B intermetallic compound; the Cu element is added as a pure copper intermetallic compound.
Further, the temperature for preheating and drying the alloy raw material is 50-600 ℃, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃, and the stirring time is 10-20 minutes.
The temperature of preheating and drying cannot be too high, and the alloy is prevented from being directly melted.
The heating and melting process is as follows: pure Al and Al-Si are added into a smelting furnace to be melted at 720 ℃. Adding the rest intermetallic compounds except Cu, al-Sr and Al-Ti-B intermetallic compounds into aluminum liquid after the melting is completed, for example, adding Al-Mn intermetallic compounds and the like, adding pure Cu after the added intermetallic compounds are completely melted, adding Al-Sr and Al-Ti-B after the added intermetallic compounds are completely melted, and stirring for 10min to obtain uniform melt.
Applying protective gas to the obtained alloy melt, and then adding a refining agent to perform refining, degassing and impurity removal;
in one embodiment, the shielding gas is argon or nitrogen.
Further, the shielding gas is argon, the argon introducing amount is 0.1-0.2L/min, the refining time is 4-5min, and after standing for 5min, slag is removed;
still further, when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is not lower than 720 ℃, adding an aluminum alloy sodium-free refining agent into the aluminum alloy melt, refining for 4-5min, standing for 5min, and removing slag and impurities;
after standing, detecting the hydrogen content by an on-line hydrogen detector, and when the hydrogen content is below 0.15ml/100g, die casting, and when the hydrogen content is below 0.15ml/100g, continuing the refining, modification and degassing steps.
And (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the melt subjected to degassing and impurity removal to obtain the casting.
The die casting production specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Production equipment and auxiliary accessories:
(2) And (3) die casting process control: the casting temperature of the high-pressure casting is 750-780 ℃, the temperature of a mold temperature machine is controlled to be 160-170 ℃, the high-speed is controlled to be 2.7-2.9 m/S, the vacuum degree is controlled to be 10-40 mbar, and the pressurizing pressure is 65Mpa.
In another embodiment, the raw materials are added to the smelting furnace in the following sequence: adding pure Al and Al-Si alloy ingots into a smelting furnace for melting, adding pure metals containing Cu elements after the pure Al and Al-Si alloy ingots are completely melted, and adding two or more intermediate alloys such as Al, fe, mn, cr, zr, mo, ni, zn, V, ti, sc, hf and the like after the pure Al and Al-Si alloy ingots are completely dissolved.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a high strength and toughness, high welding performance, heat treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si7%, fe0.6%, mn0.6%, cr0.4%, cu0.3%, ni0.5%, ti0.1%, sc0.2%, mo0.1%, hf0.3%, the content of the other unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.15%, and the balance is Al.
The high-strength and high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy based on the components comprises the following steps of:
(1) Smelting: weighing raw materials according to the designed components, and fully drying at 300 ℃ in a furnace. Pure Al and Al-Si are added into a smelting furnace to be melted at 720 ℃. Adding Al-Fe, al-Mn, al-Cr, al-Ti, al-Hf, al-Ni, al-Mo and Al-Sc intermediate alloy after the melting is completed, continuously smelting, then adding pure Cu, adding Al-Sr and Al-Ti-B after the melting is completed, and stirring for 10min to obtain a uniform melt.
(2) Refining: argon is introduced into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, the argon introduction amount is 0.1L/min, the refining time is 5min, and slag skimming and impurity removal are carried out after standing for 5 min;
(3) Shaping: and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the refined aluminum alloy melt to obtain a casting.
(4) Welding: and welding the die castings subjected to high-pressure casting through laser welding or argon arc welding, and then testing the tensile strength of the welding position.
The microstructure of the alloy welding position prepared by the method is shown in figure 1. The alloy matrix of this example contains intermetallic compounds containing Al, fe, mn, cr, si, mo, ti, hf, cu and other elements; the elastic modulus is 160-220 GPa, the mass fraction is 9%, and the ratio of crystal grains to intermetallic compounds is 4.6:1. Through mechanical property test, the tensile strength is 285MPa, the yield strength is 122MPa, and the elongation is 12.1%. After the alloy is welded by laser, the tensile strength of a welding position is 242MPa, and the tensile strength of the welding position is 85% of that of a base material. The intermetallic compound at the welding position is polygonal and spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, and the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed and dispersed; the hardness of the intermetallic compound at the welding position is 13-22 GPa; the number density was 74/mm2.
Example 2
The disclosed high strength and toughness high welding performance heat treatment free high pressure casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si9%, fe1%, mn0.1%, mo0.25%, cu0.5%, ni0.3%, zn0.3%, V0.5%, zr0.2%, cr0.05%, ti0.2%, sc0.3%, hf0.15%, the content of other unavoidable impurity elements is less than 0.15%, and the balance is Al.
The high-strength and high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy based on the components comprises the following steps of:
smelting: weighing the raw materials according to the designed components, and fully drying at 400 ℃. Pure Al and Al-Si are added into a smelting furnace to be melted at 720 ℃. Adding Al-Fe, al-Mn, al-Mo, al-Ni, al-Zn, al-V, al-Hf, al-Ni, al-Mo and Al-Sc intermediate alloy after the melting is completed, continuously smelting, then adding pure Cu, adding Al-Sr and Al-Ti-B after the melting is completed, and stirring for 12 minutes to obtain a uniform melt.
Refining: argon is introduced into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, the argon introduction amount is 0.2L/min, the refining time is 4min, and after standing for 5min, slag is removed and impurities are removed;
(3) Shaping: and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the refined aluminum alloy melt to obtain a casting, and carrying out tensile property test.
(4) Welding: and welding the die castings subjected to high-pressure casting through laser welding or argon arc welding, and then testing the tensile strength of the welding position.
The microstructure of the alloy welding site prepared by the method is shown in fig. 2. The alloy matrix of this example contains intermetallic compounds containing Al, fe, mn, cr, si, zr, V, sc, ti, ni and other elements; the elastic modulus is 170-210 GPa, the mass fraction is 4%, and the ratio of crystal grains to intermetallic compounds is 7:1. Through mechanical property test, the tensile strength is 276MPa, the yield strength is 116MPa, and the elongation is 9.6%. After the alloy is welded by argon arc welding, the tensile strength of a welding position is 248MPa, and the tensile strength of the welding position is 90% of the tensile strength of a base material. The intermetallic compound at the welding position is polygonal and spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, and the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed and dispersed; the hardness of intermetallic compounds at the welding position is 11-22 GPa; the number density was 63/mm2.
Example 3
The high-strength high-toughness high-welding-performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 11% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 2% of Mn, 0.2% of Cr, 0.3% of Zr0.3% of Cu, 0.1% of Ni, 0.3% of V, 2% of Zn, 0.05% of Ti, 0.25% of Sc, 0.3% of Mo, 0.2% of Hf, the content of other unavoidable impurity elements being less than 0.15%, and the balance being Al.
The high-strength and high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy based on the components comprises the following steps of:
(1) Smelting: weighing the raw materials according to the designed components, and fully drying at 450 ℃. Pure Al and Al-Si are added into a smelting furnace to be melted at 730 ℃. Adding Al-Fe, al-Mn, al-Cr, al-Zr, al-Ni, al-Zn, al-V, al-Hf, al-Ni, al-Mo and Al-Sc intermediate alloy after the melting is finished, continuously melting, then adding pure Cu, adding Al-Sr and Al-Ti-B after the melting is finished, and stirring for 13 minutes to obtain a uniform melt.
(2) Refining: argon is introduced into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, the argon introduction amount is 0.2L/min, the refining time is 4min, and after standing for 5min, slag is removed and impurities are removed;
(3) Shaping: and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the refined aluminum alloy melt to obtain a casting, and carrying out tensile property test.
(4) Welding: and welding the die castings subjected to high-pressure casting through laser welding or argon arc welding, and then testing the tensile strength of the welding position.
The microstructure of the alloy welding site prepared by the method is shown in fig. 3. The alloy matrix of this example contains intermetallic compounds containing Al, fe, mn, cr, si, mo, V, zr, sc, hf, ni and other elements; the elastic modulus is 170-250 GPa, the mass fraction is 15%, and the ratio of crystal grains to intermetallic compounds is 3:1. Through mechanical property test, the tensile strength is 300MPa, the yield strength is 129MPa, and the elongation is 10%. After the alloy is welded by laser, the tensile strength of a welding position is 273MPa, and the tensile strength of the welding position is 91% of the tensile strength of a base material. The intermetallic compound at the welding position is polygonal and spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, and the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed and dispersed; the hardness of the intermetallic compound at the welding position is 10-17 GPa; the number density was 100/mm2.
Example 4
The heat treatment-free cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 13% of Si, 0.2% of Fe, 0.3% of Cr, 0.5% of Mo, 0.2% of Cu, 0.2% of Ni, 0.1% of V, 0.1% of Sc, 0.05% of Hf, the content of other unavoidable impurity elements being less than 0.15%, and the balance being Al.
The preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy based on the components comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: weighing the raw materials according to the designed components, and fully drying at 500 ℃. Pure Al and Al-Si are added into a smelting furnace to be melted at 725 ℃. Adding Al-Fe, al-Cr, al-Mo, al-Ni, al-V, al-Hf, al-Mo and Al-Sc intermediate alloy after the melting is completed, continuously smelting, then adding pure Cu, adding Al-Sr and Al-Ti-B after the melting is completed, and stirring for 15min to obtain a uniform melt.
(2) Refining: argon is introduced into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, the argon introduction amount is 0.2L/min, the refining time is 4min, and after standing for 5min, slag is removed and impurities are removed;
(3) Shaping: and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the refined aluminum alloy melt to obtain a casting, and carrying out tensile property test.
(4) Welding: and welding the die castings subjected to high-pressure casting through laser welding or argon arc welding, and then testing the tensile strength of the welding position.
The microstructure of the alloy welding site prepared by the method is shown in fig. 4. The alloy matrix of this example contains intermetallic compounds containing Al, fe, cr, si, mo, V, sc, ti, hf, ni and other elements; the elastic modulus is 180-250 GPa, the mass fraction is 6%, and the ratio of crystal grains to intermetallic compounds is 5.8:1. Through mechanical property test, the tensile strength is 270MPa, the yield strength is 110MPa, and the elongation is 12.4%. After the alloy is welded by argon arc welding, the tensile strength of a welding position is 256MPa, and the tensile strength of the welding position is 95% of that of a base metal. The intermetallic compound at the welding position is polygonal and spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, and the intermetallic compound is uniformly distributed and dispersed; the hardness of intermetallic compounds at the welding position is 9-18 GPa; the number density was 50/mm2.
Comparative examples
Comparative examples ADC12 alloy was used for high pressure casting and welding for comparison of toughness and welding properties, the experimental method comprising the steps of:
(1) Smelting: the ADC12 alloy raw material is added into a smelting furnace and melted at 725 ℃.
(2) Refining: argon is introduced into the aluminum alloy melt for refining, the argon introduction amount is 0.2L/min, the refining time is 4min, and after standing for 5min, slag is removed and impurities are removed;
(3) Shaping: and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the refined aluminum alloy melt to obtain a casting, and carrying out tensile property test.
(4) Welding: and welding the die castings subjected to high-pressure casting through laser welding or argon arc welding, and then testing the tensile strength of the welding position.
The ADC12 alloy prepared by the method has the tensile strength of 270MPa, the yield strength of 105MPa and the elongation of 8.4 percent. After the alloy is welded by argon arc welding, the tensile strength of a welding position is 200MPa, and the tensile strength of the welding position is 72% of the tensile strength of a base material. Compared with the common ADC12 die casting alloy, the die casting alloy disclosed by the invention has the advantages of better mechanical property toughness in an as-cast state and better tensile strength at a welded position after welding, and has remarkable beneficial effects.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The application of the high-strength and high-weldability heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy as a welding piece is characterized in that: the high-strength high-toughness high-welding-performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy comprises aluminum elements, intermetallic compounds and other impurity elements, wherein the intermetallic compounds comprise the aluminum elements and the metal elements, and the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-15% of metal elements, less than 0.15% of other impurity elements and the balance of Al;
the metal elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 7 to 13 percent of Si, 0.08 to 1 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 2 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.8 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Zr0.1 to 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.4 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Ni, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Sc, 0.05 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Hf and <2 percent of Zn;
the intermetallic compound has a cubic or oblique or close-packed hexagonal structure;
in the microstructure of the aluminum alloy, the ratio of the area size of the crystal grains to the intermetallic compound is 3-7;
the aluminum alloy is welded, the intermetallic compound form of the welded position is polygonal or spherical, the size is smaller than 10 mu m, the hardness of the intermetallic compound of the welded position is 9-22 GPa, and the number density is 50-100/mm 2 The tensile strength of the welding position is 80-95% of the tensile strength of the base material.
2. The use of a high strength, high weldability, heat treatment free high pressure cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1 as a weldment, characterized by: the yield strength of the aluminum alloy is 110-130 MPa, the tensile strength is 270-300 MPa, and the elongation is 8-13%.
3. The use of a high strength, high weldability, heat treatment free high pressure cast aluminum alloy according to claim 2 as a weldment, characterized by: the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness high-welding performance heat-treatment-free high-pressure casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of: preparing materials according to the proportion of alloy components, preheating and drying the alloy raw materials, sequentially adding the preheated raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating, melting and uniformly stirring to obtain an alloy melt; applying protective gas to the obtained alloy melt, and then adding a refining agent to perform refining, degassing and impurity removal; and (3) carrying out high-pressure casting on the melt subjected to degassing and impurity removal to obtain the casting.
4. The use of a high strength, high weldability, heat treatment free high pressure cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3 as a weldment, characterized by: the temperature for preheating and drying the alloy raw materials is 50-600 ℃, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃, the stirring time is 10-20 minutes, and the casting temperature for high-pressure casting is 750-780 ℃.
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| DE202006006518U1 (en) * | 2006-04-22 | 2006-09-14 | Zak, Hennadiy, Dr. (UA) | Aluminum casting alloy, useful in production of safety components, contains silicon |
| US20170101703A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2017-04-13 | Rheinfelden Alloys Gmbh & Co. Kg | Aluminum Die-Casting Alloys |
| CN115433856A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-06 | 苏州大学 | Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| DE202006006518U1 (en) * | 2006-04-22 | 2006-09-14 | Zak, Hennadiy, Dr. (UA) | Aluminum casting alloy, useful in production of safety components, contains silicon |
| US20170101703A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2017-04-13 | Rheinfelden Alloys Gmbh & Co. Kg | Aluminum Die-Casting Alloys |
| CN115433856A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-06 | 苏州大学 | Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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