CN116286828B - Oligonucleotide siRNA and application thereof in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating liver cancer - Google Patents
Oligonucleotide siRNA and application thereof in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating liver cancer Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1135—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
- A61K31/713—Double-stranded nucleic acids or oligonucleotides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering N.A.
- C12N2310/141—MicroRNAs, miRNAs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2320/00—Applications; Uses
- C12N2320/30—Special therapeutic applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The application discloses an oligonucleotide siRNA and application thereof in preparing a medicament for preventing and treating liver cancer. The oligonucleotide siRNA is oligonucleotide siRNA-1; the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 consists of a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 1 and a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 2; the single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 1 consists of SEQ ID NO:1 and 2 dT, wherein the 2 dT is positioned at the 3' end; the single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 2 consists of SEQ ID NO:2, and a single-stranded RNA molecule shown in seq id no. Experiments prove that the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 can inhibit proliferation of liver cancer cells, inhibit growth of liver cancer cells, inhibit migration of liver cancer cells and reduce glycolytic capacity of liver cancer cells. The application provides a new medicine for treating liver cancer, and has important application value for the development of liver cancer treatment and targeted medicines thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the biomedical field, and in particular relates to an oligonucleotide siRNA and application thereof in preparing a medicament for preventing and treating liver cancer.
Background
Liver cell liver cancer is the most common pathological type in primary liver cancer. Poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma may be associated with a variety of factors, such as lack of reliable tumor biomarkers, less knowledge of genetic and epigenetic changes in tumors, insufficient in-depth study of mechanisms, etc.
Tumor cells consume glucose at a higher rate and produce more lactic acid than normally differentiated cells, a phenomenon known as aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect means that even when the oxygen supply is full, tumor cells are still mainly supplied with energy through glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, meeting their high demands for nutrients. There is growing evidence that metabolic abnormalities are one of the most typical markers of tumor tissue, playing a vital role in the development and progression of tumors, while abnormal expression of aerobic glycolysis-related molecules also plays an important regulatory role in tumor progression. Thus, aerobic glycolysis is a key pathway for energy production by cancer cells, where the molecules involved may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver cancer.
Liver Phosphofructokinase (PFKL) is a key enzyme in glycolysis process, and can catalyze and generate higher glycolysis rate, so that energy metabolism of tumor cells is abnormal, and finally growth of tumors is promoted.
RNAi (RNA interference) can specifically eliminate or shut down the expression of specific genes, and small interfering RNA is specifically introduced into cells of mammals and humans to reduce the expression of target genes by using RNAi technology, so that the expression of target proteins is reduced, and the efficient and specific gene therapy effect can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims at preventing and/or treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
The application first protects the oligonucleotide siRNA-1. The oligonucleotide siRNA-1 may consist of single stranded nucleic acid molecule 1 and single stranded nucleic acid molecule 2; the single stranded nucleic acid molecule 1 may consist of SEQ ID NO:1 and 2 dT, wherein the 2 dT is positioned at the 3' end; the single stranded nucleic acid molecule 2 may consist of SEQ ID NO:2, and a single-stranded RNA molecule shown in seq id no.
In embodiments of the application, the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 may specifically be siRNA-1.
The application also protects the application of any one of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 in preparing a medicament for preventing liver cancer.
In the above application, the prevention of liver cancer may be expressed as at least one of inhibition of proliferation of liver cancer cells, inhibition of growth of liver cancer cells, inhibition of clone formation of liver cancer cells, inhibition of migration of liver cancer cells, reduction of glycolytic capacity of liver cancer cells, reduction of lactic acid level of liver cancer cells and/or reduction of ATP content of liver cancer cells.
The application also protects the application of any one of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 in preparing a medicament for treating liver cancer.
In the above application, the treatment of liver cancer may be expressed as at least one of inhibiting proliferation of liver cancer cells, inhibiting growth of liver cancer cells, inhibiting clone formation of liver cancer cells, inhibiting migration of liver cancer cells, reducing glycolytic capacity of liver cancer cells, reducing lactic acid level of liver cancer cells, and/or reducing ATP content of liver cancer cells.
The application also protects the application of any one of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 in preparing a medicament for inhibiting proliferation of liver cancer cells.
The application also protects the application of any one of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 in preparing a medicament for inhibiting the growth of liver cancer cells.
In the above application, the inhibition of the growth of liver cancer cells may be expressed as inhibition of the clone formation of liver cancer cells.
The application also protects the application of any one of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 in preparing a medicament for inhibiting migration of liver cancer cells.
The application also protects the application of any one of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 in preparing a medicament for reducing glycolytic capacity of liver cancer cells.
In the above application, the reduction of glycolytic capacity of the liver cancer cell may be expressed as a reduction of lactic acid level of the liver cancer cell and/or a reduction of ATP content of the liver cancer cell.
In any of the above applications, the liver cancer may be hepatocellular carcinoma.
Experiments prove that the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 can inhibit proliferation of liver cancer cells, inhibit growth of liver cancer cells, inhibit migration of liver cancer cells and reduce glycolytic capacity of liver cancer cells. The application provides a new medicine for treating liver cancer, and has important application value for the development of liver cancer treatment and targeted medicines thereof. The application has important application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of quantitative PCR detection of the inhibition effect of oligonucleotide siRNA on PFKL gene and the effect of Western blot detection of the influence of oligonucleotide siRNA on PFKL protein expression.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of oligonucleotide siRNA on human hepatoma cell proliferation.
FIG. 3 shows that siRNA-1 inhibits the clone formation of human hepatoma cell HepG2.
FIG. 4 shows that siRNA-1 inhibits migration of human hepatoma cells.
FIG. 5 shows that siRNA-1 reduces glycolytic capacity of human hepatoma cells.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the application is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings that are presented to illustrate the application and not to limit the scope thereof. The examples provided below are intended as guidelines for further modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art and are not to be construed as limiting the application in any way.
The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, and are carried out according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specifications. Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation and screening of oligonucleotide siRNA for inhibiting the expression level of PFKL protein (Gene ID: 5211)
1. Preparation of oligonucleotide siRNA for inhibiting PFKL protein expression quantity
The sense strand and the antisense strand shown in Table 1 were synthesized from the nucleotide sequence of the PFKL gene (Genebank number: NM-001002021) by Suzhou Ji Ma gene, inc. Diluting the sense strand with deionized water to obtain sense strand diluent. Diluting the antisense strand with deionized water to obtain an antisense strand diluent. And taking the sense strand diluent and the corresponding antisense strand diluent, and carrying out annealing reaction to form the oligonucleotide.
This step produced a total of 6 oligonucleotides shown in Table 1. A, G, C and U in each oligonucleotide represent adenine ribonucleotide, guanine ribonucleotide, cytosine ribonucleotide and uracil ribonucleotide in sequence. The addition of two tails of dTdT at the 3' end directs the siRNA to form RNAi silencing complexes and also avoids degradation by nucleases.
The nucleotide sequence of NC siRNA is random (as negative control).
2. Screening of oligonucleotide siRNA for inhibiting PFKL protein expression quantity
1. Acquisition of siRNA transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2
(1) Diluting the siRNA to be tested (siRNA-1, siRNA-2, siRNA-3, siRNA-4, siRNA-5 or NC siRNA) with sterile water to obtain an siRNA solution to be tested with the concentration of 20 mu M.
(2) Digestion of human hepatoma cell HepG2 (product of American ATCC cell bank, catalog number HB-8065), spreading on a petri dish (specification 6 cm. Times.6 cm), adding DMEM medium containing 10% new born calf serum, 37℃and 5% CO 2 Culturing until the cell density reaches 50-70%.
(3) The siRNA solution to be tested obtained in step (1) and the cells obtained in step (2) were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAimax transfection reagent (Invitrogen, usa) and the transfection method was referred to the instructions of Lipofectamine RNAimax transfection reagent. And collecting cells 48h after transfection, thus obtaining the siRNA transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2.
2. Real-time quantitative PCR detection of inhibition effect of oligonucleotide siRNA on PFKL gene
(1) Total RNA of siRNA transfected human hepatoma cell HepG2 obtained in step 1 was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen).
(2) Reverse transcription
(a) Preparing a system. The system was 15.9. Mu.l, consisting of 2. Mu.g total RNA of siRNA transfected human hepatoma cells HepG2, 1. Mu.l of 1. Mu.g/. Mu.l of random primer aqueous solution and DEPC water.
The random primer is synthesized by Beijing Saighur company.
(b) Taking the system prepared in the step (a), incubating for 5min at 70 ℃, and cooling on ice.
(c) After completion of step (b), 5. Mu. l M-MLV 5 Xbuffer, 2.5. Mu.l dNTP aqueous solution (concentration: 10 mM) and 1.0. Mu. l M-MLV reverse transcriptase (concentration: 200U/. Mu.l) were added, and the mixture was mixed, incubated at 42℃for 60min, and terminated at 95℃for 5min to obtain cDNA of siRNA-transfected human hepatoma cell HepG2.
M-MLV reverse transcriptase is a product of Promega corporation, USA. M-MLV 5 Xbuffer is a module in M-MLV reverse transcriptase.
(3) Real-time quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection of relative expression level of PFKL (beta-actin gene serving as an internal reference gene) in cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) of siRNA transfected human hepatoma cell HepG2, specifically adopting 2 -ΔΔCT The relative expression level of PFKL mRNA was calculated by the method.
The primers for detecting the PFKL gene are: 5'-GGAGAAGCTGCGCGAGGTTTAC-3' and 5'-ATTGTGCCAGCATCTTCAGCATGAG-3'.
Primers for detecting the beta-actin gene were 5'-TCGTGCGTGACATTAAGGAG-3' and 5'-ATGCCAGGGTACATGGTGGT-3'.
The detection results are shown in fig. 1, wherein a represents p < 0.01, and p < 0.05. The results show that the relative expression levels of PFKL mRNA of the human hepatoma cell HepG2 transfected by the siRNA-1, the siRNA-2, the siRNA-3, the siRNA-4 and the siRNA-5 are all remarkably reduced compared with the NC siRNA, wherein the reduction of the relative expression level of the PFKL mRNA of the human hepatoma cell HepG2 transfected by the siRNA-1 is most remarkable.
3. Influence of protein immunoblotting detection oligonucleotide siRNA on PFKL protein expression quantity
(1) Respectively extracting total protein of the siRNA transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 obtained in the step 1, and carrying out SDS-PAGE electrophoresis after denaturation; the voltage is 120V for about 1.5h.
(2) After step (1) is completed, transferring the protein to a nitrocellulose membrane; the voltage was 16V and the transfer was about 1.2h.
(3) After the completion of the step (2), the nitrocellulose membrane was blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk (TBST solution as solvent) at room temperature for 1h.
TBST solution: tris 2.42g, naCl 8g and Tween-20 ml were dissolved in 1L water and the pH was adjusted to 7.6.
(4) After the step (3) is completed, adding the primary antibody diluted by 5% skimmed milk powder according to a certain proportion on the nitrocellulose membrane, incubating overnight at 4 ℃, and washing the membrane with TBST solution for 3 times each for 5min.
The primary antibody is a rabbit anti-human PFKL antibody (U.S. Santa Cruz Biotech Co.) or a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated beta-actin antibody (U.S. ProteinTech).
(5) After the step (4) is completed, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated IgG (goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody, U.S. Santa Cruz Biotech) diluted with 5% skimmed milk powder in a certain proportion is added to the nitrocellulose membrane, and the membrane is gently shaken at room temperature for 1h, and washed with TBST solution for 3 times, 5min each time.
(6) After the step (5) is completed, the color is developed for 8min by a chemiluminescence method, and the film is pressed and developed.
The results are shown in FIG. 1B (NC is NC siRNA,1 is siRNA-1,2 is siRNA-2,3 is siRNA-3,4 is siRNA-4, and 5 is siRNA-5). The results show that compared with NC siRNA, the expression level of PFKL proteins of siRNA-1, siRNA-2, siRNA-3, siRNA-4 and siRNA-5 transfected human hepatoma cells HepG2 is obviously reduced, wherein the reduction of the expression level of PFKL proteins of siRNA-1 transfected human hepatoma cells HepG2 is most obvious (namely, the interference is the greatest), and the effect is the best.
Example 2 Effect of oligo-nucleic acid siRNA on proliferation of human liver cancer cells
1. Respectively inoculating siRNA transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 obtained in step two of example 1 to 96-well plates, inoculating about 3000 cells per well, adding DMEM medium containing 10% new born calf serum (day 0 at this time), 37 deg.C, 5% CO 2 Culturing; OD was measured daily with Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo Co., japan) 450nm Values.
On the abscissa of the days of cultivation, the corresponding OD 450nm Values are on the ordinate and growth curves are plotted.
The growth curve is shown in fig. 2 (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), and the experimental result of the growth curve has statistical significance, and p < 0.05. The results show that compared with NC siRNA, siRNA-1, siRNA-2 and siRNA-3 can inhibit proliferation of human hepatoma cell HepG2, and the inhibition effect of siRNA-1 on proliferation of human hepatoma cell HepG2 is most obvious.
Example 3 siRNA-1 inhibiting growth of human liver cancer cells
The influence of siRNA-1 on the growth capacity of human liver cancer cells is studied by adopting a clone formation experiment. The experiment was repeated three times to average the values, and the procedure for each repetition was as follows:
1. inoculating siRNA-1 transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 obtained in step two of example 1 to 6-well plate, inoculating about 3000 cells per well, adding DMEM medium containing 10% new born calf serum, 37 ℃ and 5% CO 2 Culturing for 2 weeks.
2. After completion of step 1, the cells were gently washed with PBS buffer, then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and stained with 0.1% crystal violet, and counted for colony formation.
According to the steps, the siRNA-1 transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 is replaced by NC siRNA transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2, and other steps are unchanged.
The cell status of the colony formation assay is shown in FIG. 3A. The statistics of colony formation counts are shown in fig. 3B (x represents p < 0.01). The results show that compared with NC siRNA, the growth capacity of the siRNA-1 transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 is obviously reduced, and the quantity of the siRNA-1 transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 is obviously reduced.
The above results indicate that the clone formation count of siRNA-1 transfected human hepatoma cell HepG2 is significantly reduced (p < 0.01) compared to NC siRNA. The siRNA-1 can inhibit the clone formation of the human liver cancer cell HepG2, namely the siRNA-1 can inhibit the growth of the human liver cancer cell.
Example 4 siRNA-1 inhibiting migration of human liver cancer cells
The influence of siRNA-1 on the migration capacity of human liver cancer cells is studied through a cell scratch experiment. The experiment was repeated three times to average the values, and the procedure for each repetition was as follows:
1. the siRNA-1 transfected human hepatoma cells HepG2 obtained in step two of example 1 were inoculated into 6-well plates, each of which was inoculated with about 1X 10 6 The cells were then added with DMEM medium containing 10% new born calf serum at 37℃with 5% CO 2 Culturing until the cell fusion density reaches 90%.
2. After the step 1 is completed, firstly, the tip of a pipette with the specification of 200 mu L is scratched, then, the pipette is washed twice by PBS buffer solution, the scratched cells are removed, and thenAdding into serum-free DMEM medium, 37 deg.C, 5% CO 2 Culturing. And respectively culturing for 0h and 24h, observing and photographing under a white light inverted microscope, and counting the migration distance to be used as an experimental group.
3. According to the steps 1 and 2, the siRNA-1 transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 is replaced by NC siRNA transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2, other steps are unchanged, and the migration distance is counted to be used as a control group.
4. Relative cell migration was counted. Relative cell migration = migration distance/control migration distance. I.e., the relative cell migration of the control group was taken as 1, and the relative cell migration of the experimental group was counted.
The cell status of the scratch assay is shown in FIG. 4A. The relative cell migration statistics are shown in fig. 4, B (x represents p < 0.01). The result shows that the cell migration capability of the siRNA-1 transfected human liver cancer cell HepG2 is obviously reduced and the scratch healing capability is obviously reduced compared with NC siRNA after 24 hours of culture after scratch. siRNA-1 can inhibit migration of human liver cancer cells.
Example 5 siRNA-1 decreasing glycolytic Capacity of human liver cancer cells
To investigate whether siRNA-1 affects glycolytic function of human hepatoma cells, lactic acid level and ATP yield of siRNA-1 transfected human hepatoma cells HepG2 obtained in step two of example 1 and NC siRNA transfected human hepatoma cells HepG2 were detected using a lactic acid detection kit (Biovision Co., USA) and an ATP content detection kit (Biovision Co., USA), respectively.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 5 (p < 0.01). The results show that compared with NC siRNA, the lactic acid level and ATP content of the human hepatoma cell HepG2 transfected by siRNA-1 are obviously reduced, namely, the siRNA-1 can reduce the glycolytic capacity of the human hepatoma cell HepG2.
The present application is described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the application and without undue experimentation. While the application has been described with respect to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the application may be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains.
Claims (8)
1. Oligonucleotide siRNA-1; the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 consists of a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 1 and a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 2; the single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 1 consists of SEQ ID NO:1 and 2 dT, wherein the 2 dT is positioned at the 3' end; the single-stranded nucleic acid molecule 2 consists of SEQ ID NO:2, and a single-stranded RNA molecule shown in seq id no.
2. Use of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing liver cancer.
3. Use of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of liver cancer.
4. The use of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting proliferation of liver cancer cells.
5. Use of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting growth of a liver cancer cell.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein: the inhibition of the growth of liver cancer cells is shown as inhibition of the clone formation of liver cancer cells.
7. Use of the oligonucleotide siRNA-1 of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting migration of liver cancer cells.
8. Use according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: the liver cancer is liver cell liver cancer.
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