CN116284857A - 一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有生物相容性的新型可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其以肝素和海藻酸钠为主要材料,利用碳化二亚胺和1‑羟基苯并三唑作为缩合剂将己二酸二酰肼接枝到肝素上,使肝素具备游离的氨基;再使用高碘酸钠对海藻酸钠进行氧化改性,使海藻酸钠主链糖苷键发生非特异性氧化形成双醛基团,将改性溶液通过透析与冷冻干燥进行纯化,最后将提纯后的改性肝素和改性海藻酸钠在水溶液中形成酰胺键,进而形成网状结构水凝胶。本发明选用的材料是动物体内提取的肝素和具有高度生物相容性的海藻酸钠,制备成的水凝胶有很好的生物相容性,反应体系为水溶液,反应凝胶稳定。本发明水凝胶具有高度生物相容性,可以用于药物载体,细胞培养及伤口敷料等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物组织工程医用材料技术领域,本发明主要涉及一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶及其制备方法,此凝胶可以应用于细胞培养、皮肤创面愈合、软骨损伤修复及作为药物缓释载体等多种组织工程。
背景技术
水凝胶是交联的亲水性聚合物网络,能够吸收大量的水或生物流体。水凝胶作为一种重要的生物材料,在药物传递、组织工程和再生医学方面有着广泛的应用,因而受到人们的广泛关注。从临床角度来看,可注射的原位形成水凝胶系统是非常必要的,如通过简单的混合,微创手术程序容易掺入治疗药物(包括基因,肽,蛋白质)和细胞,使不规则的手术缺陷得到完全填充,并减少植入物迁移的风险。在组织工程领域,可注射的水凝胶被设计用作临时和人工细胞外间质(ECM)。
肝素是由肝脏、粘膜和肺合成的天然抗凝血剂,分子量约为7000-25000 Da。肝素是一种主链含有五碳糖环的戊聚糖,含有羧基、磺酸基和羟基等官能团。肝素发生在炎症介质,蛋白酶和组胺的相互作用中,并存在于体内肥大细胞颗粒中。在水凝胶的构造中使用肝素被证明有利于改善生物相容性和功效。因此,水凝胶可用作生长因子载体、细胞载体和抗癌载体。肝素中含有丰富的功能基团,可与生物分子结合,增加生物相容性和功效,促进细胞粘附,允许细胞介导的蛋白质降解,并可控制生长因子的载荷和释放行为。但相关水凝胶大都把肝素作为成胶中的添加成分,很少有将肝素作为主要成胶材料的水凝胶,这无疑限制了肝素水凝胶的发展前景。
海藻酸钠是天然的线性高分子,因为具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、无毒性、低免疫原性等优良性能,海藻酸钠广泛应用在组织工程及生物医用领域。但应用成胶时大多利用海藻酸钠的羧基,可是海藻酸钠的分子链上羧基十分有限,需要使用其他小分子试剂提高羧基活性,但是会影响其生物相容性,降低实用性能,所以对海藻酸钠进行功能化改性是使海藻酸钠在医用组织工程的应用更广的必要的步骤。
席夫碱反应,由于席夫碱类化合物具有一定的药理学和生理学活性,一直是引人注目的研究对象。席夫碱化合物具有很好的抗菌、抗真菌作用,例如,金黄色葡萄球菌、革兰氏阳性菌、枯草杆菌、革兰氏阳性菌、大肠杆菌、革兰氏阴性菌等,对新型隐球菌和白色念珠球菌也有很好的抑制作用。同时,这些化合物均对超氧阴离子自由基有较好的抑制。在医学领域,席夫碱具有抑菌、杀菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒的生物活性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶,该水凝胶具有原位可注射和高度生物相容性的特点,操作简单,成胶时间可控且成胶时没有副产物,可以用于药物载体,细胞培养及伤口敷料等。
本发明还提供了上述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将肝素溶于水中,加入己二酸二酰肼(ADH)、碳化二亚胺(EDC)和1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)混匀,然后调节pH至6.0-7.5,搅拌反应9-15h,经透析、冷冻干燥,获得改性肝素;
2)将海藻酸钠与无水乙醇搅拌混合形成混悬液,加入高碘酸钠避光搅拌反应5-10h,再加入相对于高碘酸钠等摩尔量或过量乙二醇终止反应,静置(25-60min),收集沉淀物,经透析、冷冻干燥,获得改性海藻酸钠(也可以称为是高碘酸钠二醛衍生物);;
3)将步骤1)获得的改性肝素、步骤2)获得的改性海藻酸钠分别溶于水或PBS缓冲液中,混合,形成稳定的水凝胶。
具体的,步骤1)中,所述肝素、己二酸二酰肼、碳化二亚胺和1-羟基苯并三唑的摩尔比可以为1:1-35:1:1。用来改性肝素的缩合剂,选用碳化二亚胺(1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺,简称EDC)、1-羟基苯并三唑(简称HOBt)。
进一步的,步骤1)和步骤2)中,所述透析所用透析袋的截留分子量可以为3-4kDa,透析时间可以为2-5天。
进一步的,步骤1)和步骤2)中,所述冷冻干燥为-1~ -2℃干燥40-50h。
具体的,步骤2)中,高碘酸钠与海藻酸钠的摩尔比为0.2-1.0:1。10g海藻酸钠一般加入100-150ml无水乙醇。
进一步的,步骤1)中,可以使用盐酸或氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH为至6.0-7.8。
具体的,步骤3)制备所得水凝胶中溶质的质量分数可以在2.5-10%,所述溶质为改性肝素和改性海藻酸钠。
本发明还提供了采用上述方法制备得到的具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶。
本发明具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶制备时,以肝素和海藻酸钠为主要原料,利用碳化二亚胺(EDC)和1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)作为缩合剂将己二酸二酰肼(ADH)接枝到肝素上进行改性,使肝素具备游离的氨基;使用高碘酸钠对海藻酸钠进行氧化改性,使海藻酸钠主链糖苷键发生非特异性氧化形成双醛基团,形成带双醛基的海藻酸钠衍生物;再将得到的两种改性材料溶液通过透析与冷冻干燥进行纯化制成固体粉末;最后将提纯后的改性肝素和改性海藻酸钠在水溶液中进行席夫碱反应形成酰胺键,进而形成网状水凝胶结构。这两种材料在成胶时质量分数相同,当溶液质量分数从2.5 - 10%依次增高时,室温水凝胶成胶时间从30s-2h不等。
本发明的创新点和核心在于肝素与海藻酸钠的改性、常温下自发反应成胶方式以及成胶时间可在几十秒到几小时自行调节及可注射特性。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1)本发明水凝胶具有原位可注射和高生物相容性的特点,制备过程操作简单,成胶时间可控且成胶时没有副产物;
2)本发明选用的材料是动物体内提取的肝素和具有高度生物相容性的海藻酸钠,制备所得的水凝胶具有很好的生物相容性,反应体系为水溶液,反应凝胶稳定;
3)本发明水凝胶为常温下自发反应成胶方式,成胶时间可在几十秒到几小时自行调节。本发明方法制备的水凝胶具有高度生物相容性,可以用于药物载体,细胞培养及伤口敷料等。
附图说明
图1为本发明水凝胶制备时通过注射器注射的示意图;
图2为本发明水凝胶中所含溶质不同质量分数的成胶图;
图3为本发明实施例3制备所得水凝胶的SEM图;
图4为本发明水凝胶浸提液的细胞毒性MTT结果分析示意图;
图5为本发明水凝胶细胞封装24h后FDA染色共聚焦3D成像(a.俯视图,b.主视图,c.立体图,d.右侧视图)。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地详细介绍,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
下述实施例中,所用原料均为可以直接购买到的普通市售产品,或按照本领域常规方法均可以制备获得。
实施例1:溶质质量分数为2.5%的水凝胶体系:
一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将1g(0.881mmol)肝素溶于25ml去离子水中,加入5.37213g(30.84mmol)ADH、0.13678g(0.881mmol)EDC HCl、0.11906g(0.881mmol)HOBt混匀,用盐酸调节pH至6.8,搅拌过夜(12h)后,收集溶液,用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋透析3天,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性肝素粉末;
2)将10g(0.04627mol)海藻酸钠放入100ml无水乙醇搅拌混合形成混悬液,加入9.89g(0.04627mol)高碘酸钠避光搅拌反应6h,再加入0.77ml(0.04627mol)乙二醇搅拌0.5h终止反应,静置1h,收集沉淀物,把沉淀物用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋去离子水透析3天后,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性海藻酸钠粉末;
3)将步骤1)所得改性肝素粉末和步骤2)所得改性海藻酸钠粉末分别溶于水中配制成质量浓度2.5%的水溶液体系,然后等体积混合,室温静置2h,形成水凝胶。
实施例2:溶质质量分数为5%的水凝胶体系
一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将1g(0.881mmol)肝素溶于25ml去离子水中,加入5.37213g(30.84mmol)ADH、0.13678g(0.881mmol)EDC HCl、0.11906g(0.881mmol)HOBt混匀,用盐酸调节pH至6.8,搅拌过夜(12h)后,收集溶液,用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋透析3天,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性肝素粉末;
2)将10g(0.04627mol)海藻酸钠放入100ml无水乙醇搅拌混合形成混悬液,加入9.89g(0.04627mol)高碘酸钠避光搅拌反应6h,再加入0.77ml(0.04627mol)乙二醇搅拌0.5h终止反应,静置1h,s收集沉淀物,沉淀物用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋去离子水透析3天后,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性海藻酸钠粉末;
3)将步骤1)所得改性肝素粉末和步骤2)所得改性海藻酸钠粉末分别溶于水中配制成质量浓度5%的水溶液体系,然后等体积混合,室温静置4min,形成水凝胶。
实施例3:溶质质量分数为10%的水凝胶体系
一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将1g(0.881mmol)肝素溶于25ml去离子水中,加入5.37213g(30.84mmol)ADH、0.13678g(0.881mmol)EDC HCl、0.11906g(0.881mmol)HOBt混匀,用盐酸调节pH至6.8,搅拌过夜(12h)后,收集溶液,用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋透析3天,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性肝素粉末;
2)将10g(0.04627mol)海藻酸钠放入100ml无水乙醇搅拌混合形成混悬液,加入9.89g(0.04627mol)高碘酸钠避光搅拌反应6h,再加入0.77ml(0.04627mol)乙二醇搅拌0.5h终止反应,静置1h,收集沉淀,把沉淀物用截留分子量为35kDa的透析袋去离子水透析3天后,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性海藻酸钠粉末;
3)将步骤1)所得改性肝素粉末和步骤2)所得改性海藻酸钠粉末分别溶于水中配制成质量浓度10%的水溶液体系,然后等体积混合,室温静置30s,形成水凝胶。
实施例4:改性肝素和改性海藻酸钠的水溶液质量分数都为10%体系:
一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将1g(0.881mmol)肝素溶于25ml去离子水中,加入5.37213g(30.84mmol)ADH、0.13678g(0.881mmol)EDC HCl、0.11906g(0.881mmol)HOBt混匀,用盐酸调节pH至6.8,搅拌过夜(12h)后,收集溶液,用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋透析3天,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性肝素粉末;
2)将10g(0.04627mol)海藻酸钠放入100ml无水乙醇搅拌混合形成混悬液,加入9.89g(0.04627mol)高碘酸钠避光搅拌反应6h,再加入0.77ml(0.04627mol)乙二醇搅拌0.5h终止反应,静置1h,收集沉淀物,把沉淀物用截留分子量为3.5kDa的透析袋去离子水透析3天后,冷冻干燥(在-1.3℃、真空度7Pa下干燥时间45h),得到纯化的改性海藻酸钠粉末;
3)将步骤1)所得改性肝素粉末和步骤2)所得改性海藻酸钠粉末分别溶于水中配制成质量浓度10%的水溶液体系,然后按体积比2:1混合,室温静置30s,形成水凝胶。
实施例5:溶质质量分数为5%的水凝胶体系
参照实施例3,不同之处在于:肝素与己二酸二酰肼(ADH)的摩尔比为1:3。
实施例6:溶质质量分数为5%的水凝胶体系
参照实施例3,不同之处在于:肝素与己二酸二酰肼(ADH)的摩尔比为1:15。
图1给出了本发明水凝胶制备时,将实施例中所得质量浓度2.5%、5%、10%的改性肝素水溶液体系、以及质量浓度2.5%、5%、10%的改性海藻酸钠水溶液体系(也可以称为预聚液)分别通过注射器注射的示意图。可将两种水溶液体系分别装入注射器中,再通过三通阀同时注入玻璃瓶中。由此说明本发明两种预聚液具有可注射性。
图2给出了本发明水凝胶中所含溶质不同质量分数的成胶图。采用图1注射方法将两种预聚液经三通阀同时注入玻璃瓶后,静置,再将玻璃瓶倾斜倒置,图中可以看出:未见有液体流出,玻璃瓶底部形成水凝胶;并且当水凝胶的质量浓度由2.5%增加到10%时,均可以形成水凝胶。
图3给出了本发明实施例3制备所得水凝胶的SEM图;图中可以看出,水凝胶内部形成多孔结构,孔与孔之间相互连接,呈现出明显的三维网络结构,孔径在100-200微米之间,符合细胞生长所需孔径要求。
下述以实施例制备获得的水凝胶进行相关的细胞学实验。
水凝胶浸提液MTT实验:
1)将实施例1、2、3制备的水凝胶取样分别放入无菌50ml离心管,按0.01g:1mL加入DMEM培养基后,置于细胞培养箱中37℃培养3天,0.22μm滤膜过滤,分别得到不同溶质质量分数无菌的水凝胶浸提液;
2)将L929细胞(小鼠成纤维细胞)在96孔板中培养24h,令细胞贴壁后吸去原来的DMEM培养基,PBS缓冲液清洗一遍后,实验组分别加入不同溶质质量分数的无菌水凝胶浸提液,空白组加入DMEM培养基,然后在空白组和实验组细胞培养的第1、2、3天,分别每孔加入100μl MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐,噻唑蓝)工作液(0.5mg/ml),放入37℃培养箱孵化4h后吸去MTT溶液,加入150μl二甲基亚砜(DMSO),在酶标仪490波长测定吸光度,吸光度值的结果如图4所示。
由图4可以看出:本发明水凝胶浸提液在培养细胞时,第一天时浸提液的细胞存活率与空白组相比更高,第二天溶质质量分数2.5%和5%的浸提液细胞存活依然高于空白组,10%细胞存活略低于空白组,第三天时所有实验组细胞存活率基本和空白组一致。证实本发明水凝胶无细胞毒性,有利于细胞生长,细胞相容性好。
水凝胶的细胞封装及活细胞染色成像实验:
1)将实施例3中制备的改性肝素粉末、改性海藻酸钠粉末分别用PBS缓冲液溶解配制质量分数10%的溶液,0.22μm滤膜过滤,得到无菌的肝素预聚液和海藻酸钠预聚液,备用;
2)将提前培养好的L929细胞收集,细胞量调整至1×106/ml,用微量PBS缓冲液混匀细胞后加入提前制备好的肝素预聚液中,混合均匀,然后用注射器吸取等体积的海藻酸钠预聚液和带细胞的肝素预聚液,同时注入24孔板中,每孔500μl,1min成胶后放入培养箱37℃静置1h,取出,每孔加入150μl的DMEM培养基培养24h,然后吸去培养基加入0.5ml配制好的FDA(二乙酸荧光素)工作液(10 μg/ml),暗处染色5min后,在共聚焦显微镜下成像,结果见图5。
由图5所示的FDA荧光染色图片可以看出:细胞在封装入本发明水凝胶后24h依然存活很好,与水凝胶浸提液MTT实验相印证,说明本发明水凝胶具有很好的细胞相容性。
综上说明:本发明选用动物体内提取的肝素和具有高度生物相容性的海藻酸钠为原料,制备所得水凝胶具有原位可注射和高生物相容性的特点,反应体系为水溶液,反应凝胶稳定;水凝胶为常温下自发反应成胶方式,成胶时间可在几十秒到几小时自行调节,成胶时间可控且成胶时没有副产物;可以用于药物载体,细胞培养及伤口敷料等。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将肝素溶于水中,加入己二酸二酰肼、碳化二亚胺和1-羟基苯并三唑混匀,然后调节pH至6.0-7.5,搅拌反应9-15h,经透析、冷冻干燥,获得改性肝素;
2)将海藻酸钠与无水乙醇搅拌混合形成混悬液,加入高碘酸钠避光搅拌反应5-10h,再加入等摩尔量或过量乙二醇终止反应,静置,收集沉淀物,经透析、冷冻干燥,获得改性海藻酸钠;
3)将步骤1)获得的改性肝素、步骤2)获得的改性海藻酸钠分别溶于水或PBS缓冲液中,混合,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述肝素、己二酸二酰肼、碳化二亚胺和1-羟基苯并三唑的摩尔比为1:1-35:1:1。
3.如权利要求1所述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)和步骤2)中,所述透析所用透析袋的截留分子量为3-4 kDa,透析时间为2-5天。
4.如权利要求1所述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)和步骤2)中,所述冷冻干燥为-1~ -2℃干燥40-50h。
5.如权利要求1所述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,高碘酸钠与海藻酸钠的摩尔比为0.2-1:1。
6.如权利要求1所述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,使用盐酸或氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH为至6.0-7.8。
7.如权利要求1所述具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所得水凝胶中溶质的质量分数为2.5-10%,所述溶质为改性肝素和改性海藻酸钠。
8.采用权利要求1至7任一所述方法制备得到的具有生物相容性的可注射肝素水凝胶。
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CN112538171A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-23 | 天津大学 | 一种可注射可降解肝素水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2021223756A1 (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | 四川大学 | 具有抗炎及促修复功能的可注射水凝胶及其制备方法和在心脏修复中的应用 |
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CN112538171A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-23 | 天津大学 | 一种可注射可降解肝素水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2021223756A1 (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | 四川大学 | 具有抗炎及促修复功能的可注射水凝胶及其制备方法和在心脏修复中的应用 |
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