CN116275607A - Laser spiral spot welding method for steel coated with phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment - Google Patents
Laser spiral spot welding method for steel coated with phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116275607A CN116275607A CN202310072716.1A CN202310072716A CN116275607A CN 116275607 A CN116275607 A CN 116275607A CN 202310072716 A CN202310072716 A CN 202310072716A CN 116275607 A CN116275607 A CN 116275607A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/22—Spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser spiral spot welding method for steel coated with a phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment, relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular relates to a laser spot welding method for lap-joint coated steel workpieces. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the phosphating film coating steel is easy to form cracks in a welding line area. The method comprises the following steps: 1. pretreating the phosphating film steel to be welded; 2. the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device act on the phosphated film steel together to perform spiral film removing pretreatment; 3. and performing laser spiral spot welding. The invention can improve the impact performance of the joint, reduce cracks, realize spot welding of the steel with the phosphating film coating and increase the toughness of the spot welded joint. The invention is used for spot welding of the phosphating film coated steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a laser spot welding method for lap joint coated steel workpieces.
Background
After degreasing and rust removal, the metal surface is usually subjected to chemical treatment to form a protective film on the metal surface, wherein the protective film is only a few micrometers and mainly plays a role in enhancing the adhesion of a coating and a substrate, and the thicker film layer can also enhance the rust resistance.
The phosphating method has high production efficiency and low cost, but the technological process comprises a plurality of steps of degreasing, surface rust removal, surface activation, phosphating, closed passivation treatment, drying and the like, the working procedures are numerous, and the defects that a phosphating film is difficult to remove, cracks are easy to appear after laser irradiation and the like exist, so that the wide application of the phosphating method is limited.
In the welding process, after the metal is heated and quickly melted, the metal in the molten pool is cooled at an extremely high speed, the metal in the molten pool is quickly solidified, phosphorus elements in the welding line are not diffused, and segregation is formed on a grain boundary. Segregation of phosphorus on grain boundaries reduces the binding force between grains, and Fe3P formed by combining phosphorus with iron is hard and brittle per se, so that toughness of a welded joint is reduced, and cracks are formed in a weld zone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the phosphating film coating steel is easy to form cracks in a welding line area, and provides a laser spiral spot welding method for preprocessing the phosphating film coating steel by adopting a laser-ultrasonic composite surface
A method for laser spiral spot welding of a steel coated with a phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, pretreating a surface to be welded of a phosphating film steel weldment, removing impurities and greasy dirt, and then stacking and fixing the two phosphating film steel weldments;
step two, the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device jointly act on the phosphated film steel weldment processed in the step one to carry out large-radius spiral film removing pretreatment, the laser power is controlled to be 500-1000W, the defocusing amount is 0- +6mm, the spot diameter is 2-3 mm, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 15-20 mu m, and the working frequency is 50-100 KHz;
and step three, closing the ultrasonic device in the step two, resetting the laser parameters, performing laser small-radius spiral spot welding, wherein the laser power is 2000-4000W, the defocusing amount is +2mm to +8mm, and the spot diameter is 1-2 mm.
The method of the invention uses laser and coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device to pretreat before laser spot welding, and uses the combined action of laser and ultrasonic to decompose and gasify one part of phosphide to escape from a molten pool, and uses the ultrasonic laser coincidence action of larger radius to distribute the other part of phosphide to the periphery of the spot welding center, thereby reducing the phosphorus content of the subsequent laser spot welding position, and further improving the performance of the spot welding seam joint.
The invention can improve the impact performance of the joint, reduce cracks, realize spot welding of the steel with the phosphating film coating and increase the toughness of the spot welded joint. Through testing, the invention can be used for processing the phosphating film coating steel by laser spiral spot welding, ultrasonic auxiliary laser spiral stripping can be used for cleaning phosphating films with the thickness of 0.5mm on the surface of a bottom test piece, the appearance of a laser spot welding joint is good, the width of the laser spot welding joint is smaller than the width of ultrasonic auxiliary laser pretreatment, and no obvious cracks and air holes are generated. And the laser spot welding joint has better impact toughness after ultrasonic auxiliary laser spiral film removing pretreatment, and the impact absorption power reaches 120J.
The invention is used for spot welding of the phosphating film coated steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a spot welding sectional view of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing impact toughness of a spot weld joint according to an example with impact toughness of a laser spot weld joint without ultrasonic assisted laser spiral decoating pretreatment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment mode is a method for performing laser spiral spot welding on steel coated with a phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, pretreating a surface to be welded of a phosphating film steel weldment, removing impurities and greasy dirt, and then stacking and fixing the two phosphating film steel weldments;
step two, the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device jointly act on the phosphated film steel weldment processed in the step one to carry out large-radius spiral film removing pretreatment, the laser power is controlled to be 500-1000W, the defocusing amount is 0- +6mm, the spot diameter is 2-3 mm, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 15-20 mu m, and the working frequency is 50-100 KHz;
and step three, closing the ultrasonic device in the step two, resetting the laser parameters, performing laser small-radius spiral spot welding, wherein the laser power is 2000-4000W, the defocusing amount is +2mm to +8mm, and the spot diameter is 1-2 mm.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: and step one, wiping a region to be welded with acetone before welding to perform pretreatment. The other is the same as in the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: this embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: and step one, the thickness of the upper layer phosphating film steel weldment in the two phosphating film steel weldments is 3-10 mm, and the thickness of the lower layer phosphating film steel weldment is 3-10 mm. The other is the same as the first or second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: this embodiment differs from one of the first to third embodiments in that: and in the second step, the combined action time of the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device is 3-5 s. The other is the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
Fifth embodiment: this embodiment differs from one to four embodiments in that: the radius of the second spiral is 3-5 mm. The others are the same as in one to one fourth embodiments.
Specific embodiment six: this embodiment differs from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that: and in the second treatment, argon is used as a protective gas. The others are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that: and step two, controlling the ultrasonic vibration amplitude to be 20 mu m, the working frequency to be 50KHz, controlling the laser power to be 750W, the defocusing amount to be +4mm, the light spot diameter to be 3mm and the spiral radius to be 4mm. The others are the same as in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
Eighth embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the radius of the three-spiral spot welding is 1-3 mm. The other is the same as in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
Detailed description nine: this embodiment differs from one to eight of the embodiments in that: the action time of the three-screw spot welding is 1-2 s. The others are the same as in one to eight embodiments.
Detailed description ten: this embodiment differs from one of the embodiments one to nine in that: and step three, argon is used as a protective gas. The others are the same as in one of the embodiments one to nine.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the object of the invention can be achieved by one or a combination of several embodiments.
Embodiment one:
a method for laser spiral spot welding of a steel coated with a phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, pretreating a surface to be welded of a phosphating film steel weldment, wiping a region to be welded with acetone before welding, removing impurities and greasy dirt, and then stacking and fixing the two phosphating film steel weldments; wherein the thickness of the upper plate is 3mm, and the thickness of the lower plate is 4mm;
step two, the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device jointly act on the phosphated film steel weldment processed in the step one to carry out large-radius spiral film removing pretreatment, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 20 mu m, the working frequency is 50KHz, the laser power is controlled to be 750W, the defocusing amount is +4mm, the light spot diameter is 3mm, and the spiral radius is 4mm; the combined action time of the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device is 3s;
and step three, closing the ultrasonic device in the step two, resetting the laser parameters, performing laser small-radius spiral spot welding with the laser power of 3000W, the defocus amount of +6mm and the spot diameter of 2mm, and the radius of the spiral spot welding is 2mm, wherein the action time is 1s, thereby completing the process.
Fig. 1 is a one-spot welding sectional view of an embodiment, and can be seen from the shape and the width-depth ratio in the figure, ultrasonic-assisted laser spiral stripping can clean a phosphating film with the thickness of 0.5mm on the surface of a bottom test piece, the shape of a laser spot welding joint is good, the width of the laser spot welding joint is smaller than the width of ultrasonic-assisted laser pretreatment, and no obvious cracks and air holes are generated.
Fig. 2 is a graph comparing impact toughness of a spot welding joint with that of a laser spot welding joint without ultrasonic-assisted laser spiral film removing pretreatment, and it can be seen that the impact toughness of the laser spot welding joint with ultrasonic-assisted laser spiral film removing pretreatment is better, and the impact absorption power reaches 120J.
Claims (10)
1. A method for laser spiral spot welding of steel coated with a phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, pretreating a surface to be welded of a phosphating film steel weldment, removing impurities and greasy dirt, and then stacking and fixing the two phosphating film steel weldments;
step two, the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device jointly act on the phosphated film steel weldment processed in the step one to carry out large-radius spiral film removing pretreatment, the laser power is controlled to be 500-1000W, the defocusing amount is 0- +6mm, the spot diameter is 2-3 mm, the ultrasonic vibration amplitude is controlled to be 15-20 mu m, and the working frequency is 50-100 KHz;
and step three, closing the ultrasonic device in the step two, resetting the laser parameters, performing laser small-radius spiral spot welding, wherein the laser power is 2000-4000W, the defocusing amount is +2mm to +8mm, and the spot diameter is 1-2 mm.
2. The method for laser spiral spot welding of steel coated with a phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment is performed by wiping a region to be welded with acetone before welding in the step one.
3. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the steel coated with the phosphating film by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the thickness of an upper phosphating film steel weldment in the two phosphating film steel weldments is 3-10 mm, and the thickness of a lower phosphating film steel weldment is 3-10 mm.
4. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the steel coated with the phosphating film by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, wherein the combined action time of the laser and the coaxial ultrasonic vibration auxiliary device in the second step is 3-5 s.
5. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the phosphated film coated steel by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the radius of the spiral in the second step is 3-5 mm.
6. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the phosphated film coated steel by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that argon is used as a protective gas in the second treatment.
7. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the phosphated film coated steel by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of controlling the ultrasonic vibration amplitude to be 20 mu m, the working frequency to be 50KHz, controlling the laser power to be 750W, the defocus amount to be +4mm, the light spot diameter to be 3mm and the spiral radius to be 4mm.
8. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the steel coated with the phosphating film by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the radius of the three-spiral spot welding is 1-3 mm.
9. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the steel coated with the phosphating film by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the action time of the three-spiral spot welding is 1-2 s.
10. The method for laser spiral spot welding of the phosphated film coated steel by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that argon is adopted as a protective gas in the step three.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310072716.1A CN116275607A (en) | 2023-01-18 | 2023-01-18 | Laser spiral spot welding method for steel coated with phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310072716.1A CN116275607A (en) | 2023-01-18 | 2023-01-18 | Laser spiral spot welding method for steel coated with phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment |
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| CN116275607A true CN116275607A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN202310072716.1A Pending CN116275607A (en) | 2023-01-18 | 2023-01-18 | Laser spiral spot welding method for steel coated with phosphating film by adopting laser-ultrasonic composite surface pretreatment |
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- 2023-01-18 CN CN202310072716.1A patent/CN116275607A/en active Pending
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