CN116275234A - Heavy cutting swing milling head and five-axis processing machine tool - Google Patents
Heavy cutting swing milling head and five-axis processing machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN116275234A CN116275234A CN202310546036.9A CN202310546036A CN116275234A CN 116275234 A CN116275234 A CN 116275234A CN 202310546036 A CN202310546036 A CN 202310546036A CN 116275234 A CN116275234 A CN 116275234A
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
- B23C9/005—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter milling heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
- B23Q5/12—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio
- B23Q5/14—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio step-by-step
- B23Q5/142—Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio step-by-step mechanically-operated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heavy-cutting swing milling head and a five-axis processing machine tool, which comprise a main shaft box, a main driving piece, a speed changing assembly and an output shaft, wherein the main driving piece, the speed changing assembly and the output shaft are arranged in the main shaft box; the heavy cutting swing milling head also comprises a rotary component arranged on the main shaft box so that the output shaft and the speed changing component can rotate around a first axis; the output shaft is used for connecting the milling cutter, and the stress point of the milling cutter is close to the intersection point of the first axis and the self axis of the output shaft; the milling head has the advantages that as the milling head can bear larger torque, larger feeding and cutting depth can be applied, even if the cutting force is increased, static deviation between a workpiece and a cutter is not easy to generate, the abrasion degree of the cutter can be reduced, and the stability of milling processing is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of milling heads, in particular to a heavy-cutting swing milling head and a five-axis machining machine tool.
Background
The development of the aeroengine technology plays an extremely important role in national defense and national economy, the casing is one of important parts of the aeroengine, the casing is a base of the whole aeroengine, and the casing is a main bearing component on the aeroengine; the casing material is mostly made of hard materials such as titanium alloy.
Titanium alloys are characterized by high strength and poor thermal conductivity. The cutting processing of the titanium alloy belongs to strong cutting, so that the main shaft of the tool of the machine tool has high driving power and has a high-power strong cutting function.
In order to achieve cutting efficiency like machining soft materials such as aluminum materials, cutting parameters, i.e. feed and cutting depth, are increased as much as possible, but this approach leads to an increase in machining cutting forces and thus to a larger torque being carried by the milling head, which may cause static deviations between the workpiece and the tool, and thus to a deterioration of the shape accuracy of the part or an unstable machining process.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a heavy-cutting swing milling head and a five-axis processing machine tool, which solve the problems of the prior art that the increase of feeding and cutting depth, the increase of processing cutting force, the larger torque load of the milling head, the static deviation between the workpiece and the cutter, and the deterioration of the shape accuracy of the part or the instability of the processing process are caused.
Technical proposal
In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a heavy-duty swing milling head, including a headstock, and a main driving member, a speed change assembly, and an output shaft disposed in the headstock, the output shaft being drivingly connected to the main driving member through the speed change assembly, so that a transmission ratio of the main driving member to the output shaft can be changed; the heavy cutting swing milling head further comprises a rotation assembly arranged in the main shaft box, so that the output shaft and the speed changing assembly can rotate around a first axis, and the first axis is the rotation axis of the output shaft and the speed changing assembly relative to the main shaft box; when the output shaft is connected with the milling cutter, the stress point of the milling cutter is close to the intersection point of the first axis and the self axis of the output shaft; the speed change assembly is arranged in a gear transmission mode.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the speed change assembly comprises two rotating shafts which are rotatably connected in the main shaft box and are mutually parallel in axis, and the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft close to the main driving piece is coincident with the first axis; the speed change assembly further comprises intermediate gears, the intermediate gears are arranged into two groups with different transmission ratios after being meshed with each other, each group of intermediate gears comprises two intermediate gears, one intermediate gear of the two intermediate gears is directly or indirectly arranged on one rotating shaft, and the other intermediate gear of the two intermediate gears is directly or indirectly arranged on the other rotating shaft; when one group of intermediate gears are in a mutually meshed state, the other group of intermediate gears are in a mutually disconnected state; the first axis forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the output shaft.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the speed changing assembly further comprises a sliding shaft sleeve, the sliding shaft sleeve is axially and slidably connected to a rotating shaft close to the main driving piece, and a corresponding intermediate gear is arranged on the outer wall of the sliding shaft sleeve; the sliding shaft sleeve can drive the intermediate gears connected with the sliding shaft sleeve to slide, so that one group of intermediate gears enter a meshed state to transmit torque.
In one aspect of the present invention, a sliding sleeve includes a sliding portion and a rotating portion; the sliding part is in sliding connection with the outer wall of the corresponding rotating shaft, and the rotating part is in rotating connection with the outer wall of the sliding part; two independent oil cavities are formed between the sliding part and the rotating shaft, and two independent oil passages which are respectively communicated with the two oil cavities correspondingly are arranged in the rotating shaft connected with the sliding shaft sleeve; the cavity bodies of the oil cavities are provided with sliding side walls and fixed side walls which are arranged oppositely, the sliding side walls are positioned on the sliding parts, and the fixed side walls are positioned on the rotating shafts; when oil is input into the corresponding oil cavity through one oil way, the corresponding sliding side wall is pressed to enable the sliding shaft sleeve to slide along the pressed direction, and the two sliding side walls corresponding to the two oil cavities enable the sliding shaft sleeve to slide in opposite directions after being pressed.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the speed changing assembly further comprises an input gear arranged on one rotating shaft and an output gear arranged on the other rotating shaft; the main driving piece is provided with a driving gear, and the input gear is meshed with the driving gear; the output shaft has a final gear with which the output gear remains meshed.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the intermediate gear arranged on the side wall of the sliding shaft sleeve and the sliding shaft sleeve are of an integrated structure; an intermediate gear on the sliding shaft sleeve is set as an input gear.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the rotary assembly comprises a steering driving member and a rotary driven member, the spindle box comprises a fixed box and a head box, the head box is rotationally connected to the fixed box along a first axis, the main driving member and the steering driving member are both arranged in the fixed box, the speed changing assembly and the output shaft are both arranged in the head box, the rotary driven member is arranged in the head box, and the rotary driven member is directly or indirectly in driving connection with the steering driving member.
In one technical scheme of the invention, the rotary assembly further comprises an anti-backlash mechanism, and the steering driving member is in driving connection with the rotary driven member through the anti-backlash mechanism.
In one aspect of the present invention, the heavy-duty swing milling head further comprises a measuring device for measuring the angle of rotation of the head body box relative to the fixed box; the measuring device is arranged on the fixed box.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a five-axis machine tool, comprising a heavy-duty swing milling head according to any one of the above aspects.
Advantageous effects
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the heavy cutting swing milling head is used as a milling head, an output shaft is used for arranging a milling cutter and mainly bears the reaction force from a workpiece to be processed along the axial direction of the output shaft and the reaction force along the radial direction or tangential direction of the milling cutter;
because the intersection point is close to the stress point of the milling cutter, under ideal conditions, when the intersection point and the stress point are coincident, the tangential force and the radial force of the milling cutter are applied to the first axis, and the moment arm of the first axis is 0, so that the torque generated by the cutting force to the first axis is 0 during the machining of the milling head, the structure can bear larger cutting load, and the milling head has larger rigidity.
In the milling process, due to the limitation of the radius of the milling cutter and the limitation of the length of the milling cutter, the stress point of the milling cutter is not easy to coincide with the intersection point, but the stress point and the intersection point are as close as possible, so that tangential force and radial force applied to the milling cutter are small, the moment arm generated by the first axis is small, the corresponding generated torque is also small, the milling head is not easy to deform, and the milling cutter has higher rigidity.
The main driving piece is in driving connection with the output shaft through the speed changing component, and the speed changing component can regulate and control the torque and the rotating speed transmitted between the main driving piece and the output shaft, so that the heavy-cutting swing milling head can obtain a relatively wide output interval of the torque and the rotating speed; and because the speed change component is in a gear transmission mode, the transmission efficiency is high and larger torque can be borne, the output torque of the output shaft is also easier to set in a larger mode, and the processing requirements of high-strength workpieces such as titanium alloy and the like can be better matched.
Compared with the prior art, the milling head can bear larger torque, so that larger feeding and cutting depth can be applied, even if the cutting force is increased, static deviation between a workpiece and a cutter is not easy to generate, the abrasion degree of the cutter can be reduced, and the stability of milling processing is improved.
In addition, in the invention, the gear transmission type speed changing component is integrated into the spindle box, and the speed changing component can execute speed changing action and can not interfere with the action that the output shaft is driven by the rotation component to swing, so that the whole size of the processing milling head is more compact.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heavy-duty swing milling head according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a heavy-duty swing milling head according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of one of the cross-sectional structures of the D-D plane of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a third schematic view of a heavy-duty swing milling head according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the transmission assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of E-E of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of the invention at F in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a heavy-duty swing milling head according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the engagement of the rotary follower and the second gear of fig. 7 in accordance with the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1: a spindle box; 11: a fixed box; 12: a head box;
2: a main driving member; 21: a drive gear;
3: a speed change assembly; 31: a rotating shaft; 32: an intermediate gear; 33: a sliding shaft sleeve; 331: a sliding part; 332: a rotating part; 34: an input gear; 35: an output gear;
4: an output shaft; 41: a terminal gear;
5: a swivel assembly; 51: a steering drive; 52: a rotary follower; 53: an anti-backlash mechanism; 531: a speed reducer; 532: a first gear; 533: a second gear;
6: a first axis;
7: an oil chamber; 71: sliding the side walls; 72: fixing the side wall;
8: and an oil path.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 8 for better explanation of the present invention, and for convenience of understanding. Wherein references herein to "upper", "lower", "etc. are made with reference to the orientation of fig. 3.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a heavy-duty swing milling head including a headstock 1, and a main driving member 2, a speed change assembly 3 and an output shaft 4 provided in the headstock 1, the output shaft 4 being drivingly connected to the main driving member 2 through the speed change assembly 3 so that a transmission ratio of the main driving member 2 to the output shaft 4 can be changed; the heavy-duty swing milling head also comprises a rotary assembly 5 arranged in the main spindle box 1 so that the output shaft 4 and the speed changing assembly 3 can rotate around a first axis 6; the first axis 6 is the rotation axis of the output shaft 4 and the speed change assembly 3 relative to the headstock 1; when the output shaft 4 is connected with the milling cutter, the stress point of the milling cutter is close to the intersection point of the first axis 6 and the own axis of the output shaft 4, and the intersection point is hereinafter referred to as an intersection point; the gear assembly 3 is provided in the form of a gear drive.
In the present embodiment, the heavy-duty swing milling head is used as a milling head, and the output shaft 4 is used to provide a milling cutter that mainly carries a reaction force from a workpiece to be machined in the axial direction of the output shaft 4, and a reaction force in the radial direction or tangential direction of the milling cutter;
because the intersection point is close to the stress point of the milling cutter, under ideal conditions, when the intersection point and the stress point are coincident, the tangential force and the radial force of the milling cutter are applied to the first axis 6, and the moment arm of the tangential force and the radial force is 0, so that the torque generated by the cutting force to the first axis 6 during the milling head machining can be ensured to be 0, the structure can bear larger cutting load, and the milling head has larger rigidity.
In the milling process, due to the limitation of the radius of the milling cutter and the limitation of the length of the milling cutter, the stress point of the milling cutter is not easy to coincide with the intersection point, but the stress point and the intersection point are as close as possible, so that tangential force and radial force applied to the milling cutter are small, the moment arm generated by the first axis 6 is small, the corresponding generated torque is also small, the milling head is not easy to deform, and the milling cutter has higher rigidity.
For example, in the form shown in fig. 3, when the actual stress point of the milling cutter is biased leftwards, the length of the moment arm is L, and L is very small, so that the torque generated by the corresponding first axis 6 is also very small, and therefore, the structure can bear larger cutting load, and the milling head has larger rigidity.
The main driving piece 2 is in driving connection with the output shaft 4 through the speed changing component 3, and the speed changing component 3 can realize the regulation and control of the torque and the rotating speed transmitted between the main driving piece 2 and the output shaft 4, so that the heavy cutting swing milling head can obtain a relatively wide output interval of the torque and the rotating speed; because the speed changing assembly 3 is in a gear transmission mode, the transmission efficiency is high, and larger torque can be borne, the output torque of the output shaft 4 is also easier to set in a larger mode, and the processing requirements of high-strength workpieces such as titanium alloy and the like can be better matched.
Compared with the prior art, the milling head can bear larger torque, so that larger feeding and cutting depth can be applied, even if the cutting force is increased, static deviation between a workpiece and a cutter is not easy to generate, the abrasion degree of the cutter can be reduced, and the stability of milling processing is improved.
In the invention, the gear transmission type speed changing assembly 3 is integrated into the spindle box 1, and the speed changing assembly 3 can execute speed changing action and can not interfere with the action that the output shaft 4 is driven by the rotation assembly 5 to swing, so that the whole size of the milling head can be more compact.
The present invention can be applied not only to milling, for example, after locking of the output shaft 4, but also to the field of turning, and therefore, the present invention is applied to the field of turning or to other fields of machining without departing from the principles of the present invention, and is also intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The transmission assembly 3 adopts a purely mechanical hard-wired transmission form to ensure the reliability of torque transmission.
Referring to fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6, in the present embodiment, the speed change assembly 3 includes two rotating shafts 31 rotatably connected in the headstock 1 and having axes parallel to each other, and the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft 31 near the main driving member 2 coincides with the first axis 6; the speed changing assembly 3 further comprises intermediate gears 32, the intermediate gears 32 are arranged into two groups with different transmission ratios after being meshed with each other, each group of intermediate gears 32 comprises two intermediate gears 32, one intermediate gear 32 of the two intermediate gears 32 is directly or indirectly arranged on one rotating shaft 31, and the other intermediate gear 32 of the two intermediate gears 32 is directly or indirectly arranged on the other rotating shaft 31; when one set of intermediate gears 32 is in a state of engagement with each other, the other set of intermediate gears 32 is in a state of disengagement from each other; the first axis 6 makes an angle of 45 ° with the axis of the output shaft 4.
In this embodiment, the speed changing assembly 3 is arranged in a mechanical transmission manner, two rotating shafts 31 are arranged in parallel, and in order to meet the requirement that the speed changing assembly 3 can be driven to operate by the revolving assembly 5, an included angle between the axes of the two rotating shafts 31 and the axis of the output shaft 4 is also set to 45 °, and the axis of the rotating shaft 31 in driving connection with the main driving member 2 coincides with the first axis 6.
There are two sets of intermeshed intermediate gears 32, one set of intermediate gears 32 being engaged and the other set of intermediate gears 32 being in an off state so that torque can only be transmitted through the intermeshed intermediate gears 32.
In the invention, the first axis 6 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the output shaft 4, so that the heavy cutting swing milling head can meet the use requirements of vertical and horizontal conversion when being applied to a five-axis processing machine tool.
Specifically, the intermediate gears 32 may be provided in a form slidable along the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft 31, and the gear ratio of the transmission assembly 3 may be changed by adjusting different sets of intermediate gears 32 having different gear ratios after being engaged with each other to be in an engaged state.
Specifically, the intermediate gear 32 adopts a sliding engagement mode, and the edge parts of the intermediate gear 32, which are mutually combined, are provided with chamfers, so that the intermediate gear 32 can smoothly enter into an engagement relationship, and the occurrence of the problem of tooth collision is avoided;
when the transmission assembly 3 performs a transmission action, the main driving member 2 can be controlled to output alternating torque, so that the main driving member 2 drives the intermediate gears 32 sliding along the sliding shaft sleeve 33 to swing, and the corresponding same group of intermediate gears 32 can be smoothly brought into the engaged state.
Referring to fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6, in the present embodiment, the transmission assembly 3 further includes a sliding shaft sleeve 33, the sliding shaft sleeve 33 is axially slidably connected to the rotating shaft 31 near the main driving member 2, and a corresponding intermediate gear 32 is disposed on an outer wall of the sliding shaft sleeve 33; the slip sleeve 33 can slip the intermediate gears 32 connected thereto to bring one set of intermediate gears 32 into engagement to transmit torque.
In this embodiment, the intermediate gears 32 are driven to slide through the sliding shaft sleeve 33, so that a group of intermediate gears 32 are brought into or out of engagement, and the sliding shaft sleeve 33 is adjusted to slide to different positions, so that a group of intermediate gears 32 corresponding to the transmission ratio are engaged, and further the regulation and control of the transmission ratio of the speed change assembly 3 are realized.
Specifically, the form of active sliding of the sliding shaft sleeve 33 can be driven by electric or hydraulic, and can be flexibly selected by related staff.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in the present embodiment, the sliding sleeve 33 includes a sliding portion 331 and a rotating portion 332; the sliding part 331 is slidably connected with the outer wall of the corresponding rotating shaft 31, and the rotating part 332 is rotatably connected with the outer wall of the sliding part 331; two independent oil cavities 7 are formed between the sliding part 331 and the rotating shaft 31, and two independent oil passages 8 respectively communicated with the two oil cavities 7 are formed in the rotating shaft 31 connected with the sliding shaft sleeve 33; the cavity of the oil cavity 7 is provided with a sliding side wall 71 and a fixed side wall 72 which are oppositely arranged, the sliding side wall 71 is positioned on the sliding part 331, and the fixed side wall 72 is positioned on the rotating shaft 31; when one oil path 8 inputs oil into the corresponding oil cavity 7, the corresponding sliding side wall 71 is pressed to enable the sliding shaft sleeve 33 to slide along the pressed direction, and the two sliding side walls 71 corresponding to the two oil cavities 7 enable the sliding shaft sleeve 33 to slide in the opposite direction after being pressed.
In this embodiment, the sliding shaft sleeve 33 is set to be in a hydraulic driving mode, and in the present invention, the sliding driving piece is integrated onto the corresponding rotating shaft 31 and the sliding shaft sleeve 33, specifically, an oil path 8 is preset in the rotating shaft 31, a closed oil cavity 7 is arranged between the rotating shaft 31 and the sliding part 331, and the sliding part 331 can be driven to slide by loading the corresponding sliding side wall 71 with oil, so that the sliding shaft sleeve 33 is further driven to enter the engaged state of the intermediate gears 32 of different groups, thereby realizing regulation of the transmission ratio, ensuring that large torque transmission can be realized, and the transmission is stable and high in transmission efficiency.
In addition, since the sliding driving member is integrated to the rotating shaft 31 and the sliding shaft sleeve 33, the whole structure of the speed changing assembly 3 is more compact, and the space occupation of the speed changing assembly 3 is further reduced, so that the whole size of the heavy-cutting swing milling head is reduced.
The sliding shaft sleeve 33 is in a split type, and the sliding part 331 does not operate relative to the corresponding rotating shaft 31, so that the circumferential position of the oil cavity 7 on the rotating shaft 31 can be kept fixed, and the sliding shaft sleeve 33 can be controlled to slide integrally stably and reliably;
the sliding shaft sleeve 33 adopts a split type assembly mode, so that the sliding shaft sleeve can be easily assembled into a narrow space of the spindle box 1, and the assembly efficiency is improved.
Since the intermediate gears 32 are hydraulically driven and provided in two sets, the positions at which the intermediate gears 32 mesh with each other can be set to two extreme positions at which the sliding sleeve 33 slides on the rotating shaft 31, so that it is easier to ensure the accuracy of the sliding positions of the sliding sleeve 33, and thus to ensure that the meshing relationship between the corresponding intermediate gears 32 is reliably maintained.
The sliding part 331 and the rotating shaft 31 can be provided in a key and key groove matched mode, a rotating connection relation can be established between the sliding part 331 and the rotating part 332 through a bearing, and the oil cavity 7 and the rotating part 332 can be sealed through a sealing piece.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, the transmission assembly 3 further includes an input gear 34 provided on one rotating shaft 31 and an output gear 35 provided on the other rotating shaft 31; the main drive 2 has a drive gear 21, the input gear 34 being held in mesh with the drive gear 21; the output shaft 4 has a final gear 41, and the output gear 35 is held in mesh with the final gear 41.
In this embodiment, the gear transmission type hard connection transmission mode is adopted for the whole speed changing assembly 3, so that the torque transmission efficiency can be improved firstly, and secondly, the heavy cutting swing milling head can realize large torque output.
Specifically, because an included angle exists between the rotating shaft 31 and the output shaft 4, a bevel gear transmission mode is adopted, and the bevel gear can be set as a spiral bevel gear; compared with a straight bevel gear, the spiral bevel gear has the advantages of large contact ratio, large bearing capacity, stable transmission, small vibration, low noise, uniform abrasion and longer service life.
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, in the present embodiment, the intermediate gear 32 provided on the side wall of the sliding sleeve 33 is integrally structured with the sliding sleeve 33; an intermediate gear 32 on the sliding sleeve 33 is provided as an input gear 34.
In this embodiment, the input gear 34 meshed with the driving gear 21 is also provided as the intermediate gear 32, so that one transmission gear can be reduced, so as to improve the compactness of the speed changing assembly 3, further reduce the space occupation of the speed changing assembly 3, and reduce the overall size of the heavy-duty swing milling head.
Specifically, since the intermediate gear 32 has a sliding requirement during the shifting process, in order to maintain the engagement between the corresponding intermediate gear 32 and the driving gear 21, the axial length of the driving gear 21 needs to be extended, so that the driving gear 21 can be kept engaged with the intermediate gear 32 in the sliding section of the intermediate gear 32.
Referring to fig. 3 and 8, in the present embodiment, the turning assembly 5 includes a turning driving member 51 and a turning driven member 52, the headstock 1 includes a fixed case 11 and a head case 12, the head case 12 is rotatably connected to the fixed case 11 along the first axis 6, the main driving member 2 and the turning driving member 51 are both disposed in the fixed case 11, the transmission assembly 3 and the output shaft 4 are both disposed in the head case 12, the turning driven member 52 is disposed in the head case 12, and the turning driven member 52 is directly or indirectly in driving connection with the turning driving member 51.
In this embodiment, the headstock 1 includes a fixed box 11 and a head box 12 that are rotatably connected to each other, the rotation assembly 5 includes a steering driving member 51 and a rotation driven member 52, and the steering driving member 51 disposed on the fixed box 11 drives the rotation driven member 52 disposed on the head box 12 to operate, so that the position of the output shaft 4 can be adjusted.
Specifically, the rotary driven member 52 can be set to be a gear ring, so that the rotary assembly 5 is set to be a hard-connection transmission form, and the convenience and the regulation precision of regulation and control of the swing angle of the rotating shaft 31 are improved while the transmission efficiency is improved.
More specifically, the steering driving member 51 adopts a water-cooled motor, which has the characteristics of small structural size and large output torque, and can effectively control temperature rise, thereby avoiding the influence on rotation precision caused by thermal deformation due to heating of the motor.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 3, 8 and 9, the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following technical means in addition to all the technical means of the above embodiment:
the rotary assembly 5 further comprises an anti-backlash mechanism 53, and the steering driving member 51 is in driving connection with the rotary driven member 52 through the anti-backlash mechanism 53; the anti-backlash mechanism 53 includes two speed reducers 531, a first gear 532 and a second gear 533 as input ends and output ends of the speed reducers 531; the first gears 532 are all in driving connection with the output end of the steering driving member 51, and the second gears 533 are all in driving connection with the rotary driven member 52;
two meshing lines of the two second gears 533 and the rotary driven member 52 are positioned on the side where the two teeth are close to each other or far from each other; the first gear 532 can be connected to the output of the steering drive 51 by a toothed belt.
In the present embodiment, the torque output by the steering driving member 51 is transmitted to the rotary driven member 52 through the backlash eliminating mechanism 53, and since the torque output by the steering driving member 51 is output to the rotary driven member 52 through the output ends of the two linked speed reducers 531 with a space therebetween, and the two second gears 533 and the two meshing lines of the rotary driven member 52 are located on the sides where the two teeth are respectively close to or far from each other, the meshing gap between the teeth can be eliminated when the rotary driven member 52 is driven to operate by the output end of one speed reducer 531.
Also, because the technical scheme of the invention can eliminate the transmission gap between teeth, the gap eliminating mechanism 53 can improve the transmission precision, realize the position constraint of the first axis 6, ensure that the first axis is coincident with the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft 31, improve the regulation precision of the swinging angle of the output shaft 4, and also improve the machining precision of the heavy-cutting swinging milling head.
Example 3:
the embodiment of the invention further comprises the following technical schemes in addition to all the technical schemes of any one of the embodiments:
the heavy-duty swing milling head further comprises measuring means for measuring the angle of rotation of the head housing 12 relative to the fixed housing 11; the measuring device is arranged on the stationary box 11.
In this embodiment, the specific angle rotated by the output shaft 4 can be obtained by setting the measuring device to measure the rotation angle of the fixed box 11, and the controller for controlling the operation of the steering driving member is matched, so that the height controllability of the rotation angle of the output shaft 4 is facilitated.
In particular, the measuring device may be provided as a grating measuring assembly, enabling a high precision control of the rotation of the output shaft 4 relative to the first axis 6.
Example 4:
the embodiment of the present invention provides a five-axis machining tool, which includes the heavy-duty swing milling head in any of the above embodiments, so that the five-axis machining tool in this embodiment includes all the advantages of the heavy-duty swing milling head in any of the above embodiments, and is not described in detail herein to avoid repetition.
It will be appreciated that the above examples 1-4, except where conflicting moieties, may be freely combined to form further embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; may be a communication between two elements or an interaction between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature is "on" or "under" a second feature, which may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or in indirect contact with the first and second features via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level lower than the second feature.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus/means that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus/means.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heavy cutting swing milling head, characterized by: the device comprises a main spindle box (1), a main driving piece (2), a speed changing assembly (3) and an output shaft (4), wherein the main driving piece (2), the speed changing assembly (3) and the output shaft (4) are arranged in the main spindle box (1), and the output shaft (4) is in driving connection with the main driving piece (2) through the speed changing assembly (3) so that the transmission ratio of the main driving piece (2) to the output shaft (4) can be changed;
the heavy-duty swing milling head further comprises a rotation assembly (5) arranged in the main spindle box (1) so as to enable the output shaft (4) and the speed change assembly (3) to rotate around a first axis (6), wherein the first axis (6) is the rotation axis of the output shaft (4) and the speed change assembly (3) relative to the main spindle box (1); when the output shaft (4) is connected with the milling cutter, a stress point of the milling cutter is close to an intersection point of the first axis (6) and the self axis of the output shaft (4);
the speed change assembly (3) is arranged in a gear transmission mode.
2. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 1, wherein: the speed change assembly (3) comprises two rotating shafts (31) which are rotatably connected in the spindle box (1) and are parallel to each other in axis, and the axis of the corresponding rotating shaft (31) close to the main driving piece (2) coincides with the first axis (6);
the speed change assembly (3) further comprises intermediate gears (32), wherein the intermediate gears (32) are arranged into two groups with different transmission ratios after being meshed with each other, each group of intermediate gears (32) comprises two intermediate gears (32), one intermediate gear (32) of the two intermediate gears (32) is directly or indirectly arranged on one rotating shaft (31), and the other intermediate gear (32) of the two intermediate gears (32) is directly or indirectly arranged on the other rotating shaft (31); when one set of intermediate gears (32) is in a state of engagement with each other, the other set of intermediate gears (32) is in a state of disengagement from each other;
the first axis (6) forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the output shaft (4).
3. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 2, wherein: the speed changing assembly (3) further comprises a sliding shaft sleeve (33), the sliding shaft sleeve (33) is axially and slidably connected to the rotating shaft (31) close to the main driving piece (2), and the outer wall of the sliding shaft sleeve (33) is provided with a corresponding intermediate gear (32);
the sliding shaft sleeve (33) can drive the intermediate gears (32) connected with the sliding shaft sleeve to slide, so that one group of the intermediate gears (32) can be in an engaged state to transmit torque.
4. A heavy-duty swing milling head according to claim 3, wherein: the sliding shaft sleeve (33) comprises a sliding part (331) and a rotating part (332); the sliding part (331) is in sliding connection with the outer wall corresponding to the rotating shaft (31), and the rotating part (332) is in rotating connection with the outer wall of the sliding part (331); two independent oil cavities (7) are formed between the sliding part (331) and the rotating shaft (31), and two independent oil paths (8) which are respectively communicated with the two oil cavities (7) are formed in the rotating shaft (31) connected with the sliding shaft sleeve (33);
the cavities of the oil cavities (7) are provided with sliding side walls (71) and fixed side walls (72) which are arranged oppositely, the sliding side walls (71) are positioned on the sliding parts (331), and the fixed side walls (72) are positioned on the rotating shafts (31);
when oil is input into the corresponding oil cavity (7) through one oil way (8), the corresponding sliding side wall (71) is pressed to enable the sliding shaft sleeve (33) to slide along the pressed direction, and the sliding side walls (71) corresponding to the two oil cavities (7) enable the sliding shaft sleeve (33) to slide in opposite directions after being pressed.
5. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 4, wherein: the speed changing assembly (3) further comprises an input gear (34) arranged on one rotating shaft (31) and an output gear (35) arranged on the other rotating shaft (31);
the main drive (2) has a drive gear (21), the input gear (34) being held in engagement with the drive gear (21);
the output shaft (4) has a final gear (41), and the output gear (35) is held in mesh with the final gear (41).
6. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 5, wherein: the intermediate gear (32) arranged on the side wall of the sliding shaft sleeve (33) and the sliding shaft sleeve (33) are of an integrated structure;
one of the intermediate gears (32) on the slip sleeve (33) is configured as the input gear (34).
7. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 1, wherein: the rotary assembly (5) comprises a steering driving piece (51) and a rotary driven piece (52), the spindle box (1) comprises a fixed box (11) and a head box (12), the head box (12) is rotationally connected onto the fixed box (11) along a first axis (6), the main driving piece (2) and the steering driving piece (51) are all arranged in the fixed box (11), the speed changing assembly (3) and the output shaft (4) are all arranged in the head box (12), the rotary driven piece (52) is arranged in the head box (12), and the rotary driven piece (52) is directly or indirectly connected with the steering driving piece (51).
8. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 7, wherein: the rotary assembly (5) further comprises an anti-backlash mechanism (53), and the steering driving piece (51) is in driving connection with the rotary driven piece (52) through the anti-backlash mechanism (53).
9. The heavy-duty swing milling head of claim 7, wherein: the heavy-duty swing milling head further comprises measuring means for measuring the angle of rotation of the head housing (12) relative to the stationary housing (11); the measuring device is arranged on the fixed box (11).
10. A five-axis machining tool, characterized in that: a heavy-duty swing milling head comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310546036.9A CN116275234B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | Heavy cutting swing milling head and five-axis processing machine tool |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310546036.9A CN116275234B (en) | 2023-05-16 | 2023-05-16 | Heavy cutting swing milling head and five-axis processing machine tool |
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| CN116275234A true CN116275234A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
| CN116275234B CN116275234B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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| CN105583449A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-18 | 潍柴重机股份有限公司 | Machining method for spindle hole oil groove of large diesel engine body |
| CN113752063A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-07 | 齐重数控装备股份有限公司 | Turning and milling composite double-tool magazine device for five-axis numerical control machining equipment and working method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116275234B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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