CN116267584A - Breeding method for cultivating spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for cultivating a japonica rice variety with spike bud resistance, which is characterized in that on the basis of spike bud resistance identification of a japonica rice parent, a variety with spike germination rate less than or equal to 5% is used as a female parent, and a variety with spike germination rate less than or equal to 10% is used as a male parent for hybridization. F (F) 1 Sowing in the regions along the river and in the southwest of Jiangsu and in the appropriate period of Hainan tomb water, and selecting and reserving excellent combinations with the germination rate of the spikes as the selection pressure, wherein the germination rate of the spikes is less than or equal to 10 percent; f (F) 2 And in the previous generation, the first selection of excellent single plants in the ear period in the Jiangsu Yangtze river and Sunan area is used for identifying the ear germination rate, the identification of each single plant in Hainan tomb water is used for identifying the excellent single plants with the ear germination rate less than or equal to 10 percent, and the selection of the excellent single plants with the ear germination rate less than or equal to 10 percent is carried out; maturity F 1 ‑F 4 Seed collection and reserving, F 5 And the single seed collection of the previous generation, F 6 Establishing a strain, optimizing according to a pedigree method until stable strain promotion is obtained and takes part in intermediate experiments of each level. F to prevent the individuals with spike bud from being eliminated 2 The seeds of the previous generation are subjected to constant temperature treatment to break sleep before sowing. The japonica rice variety cultivated by the invention has a certain dormancy, is resistant to spike germination, and is easy to preserve seeds and grains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice breeding methods, in particular to a breeding method for cultivating a rice variety with spike bud resistance.
Background
Excessive dormancy of seeds can cause that the crops cannot be cultivated normally according to seasons, weeds are clustered, insufficient dormancy can cause that the crops obtain germination characteristics in advance, and the phenomenon that the seeds start to germinate on ears occurs. The sprouting of rice spikes is a phenomenon that seeds sprout on parent plants when the seeds meet overcast and rainy weather or high-temperature and humid environment conditions before harvest. The sprouting of the ears promotes the hydrolysis of starch in endosperm, the grain weight is reduced, the yield, the rice quality, the storage and the seed value of rice are directly influenced, and the influence on agricultural production is great. The sprouting of the rice spike is genetic, and the difference of rice varieties, the degree of close of the rice spike, and the like are intrinsic factors influencing the sprouting of the rice spike; environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and the like are external factors which lead to the germination of rice ears. In the shuttle breeding process of the rice spike germination, individuals with weak dormancy and strong bud vigor have stronger competitive advantages, and a large number of individuals with strong dormancy and spike bud resistance are eliminated, so that the cultivated variety is not easy to bear spike buds or easy to spike buds.
The japonica rice varieties planted in the rice crop areas of the rivers and the river at the lower reaches of the Yangtze river of China are divided into the following varieties according to the growing period: the ecological types are 6 types in total, namely, early-maturing medium-polished round-grained nonglutinous (growth period control Su Xiu 867), medium-maturing medium-polished round-grained nonglutinous (growth period control Xudao No. 3), early-maturing medium-polished round-grained nonglutinous (growth period control Wuyun japonica No. 27), medium-polished round-grained nonglutinous in late-maturing (growth period control Huai dao No. 5), early-maturing medium-polished round-grained nonglutinous in late-polished round-grained nonglutinous (growth period control Chang Nong japonica No. 8) and medium-maturing medium-polished round-grained nonglutinous in late-polished round-grained nonglutinous in growth period control Wuyun japonica No. 23. The suitable planting areas are sequentially advanced from north to south in a gradient manner, and the heading period is mainly concentrated at the beginning of 8 months from middle and late ten days to 9 months. The average temperature is higher in the last 10 months of 9 months of late middle ten days to last 10 months of 9 months of late spike alignment, and serious spike germination is often caused in overcast and rainy days of continuous days. Such as: in 2016, the precipitation amount and the precipitation frequency before and after national celebration are obviously higher than those of the annual ones, and part of the premature varieties directly germinate in the scions to be green although large-area lodging does not occur. Another example is: large-area lodging occurs in the later growth period of the rice in the Jianghuai rice cropping area in 2021, the lodging area accounts for more than 60%, serious spike germination occurs along with lodging, the yield is reduced, the quality is deteriorated, and the seed germination rate is unqualified. The most effective measure for reducing the harm of the sprouting of the spikes is to cultivate the variety of the japonica rice with the sprouting resistance of the spikes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method for cultivating the spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety, and the selection pressure of related characters is increased to improve the genetic response, so that the spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety is cultivated.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a breeding method for cultivating a japonica rice variety with spike bud resistance comprises the following steps:
a breeding method for cultivating a japonica rice variety with spike bud resistance comprises the following steps:
a) Identification of spike bud resistance:
method 1, identification of spike and bud resistance characteristics of a single plant: sowing test materials in a proper period, transplanting or live-seeding the test materials in a diluted manner, selecting 1-3 rice ears with 1/3-1/2 leaf sheaths extracted from each target single plant in the heading period, marking area numbers and listing dates, shearing each rice ear with the hanging tags after 35-40 days, soaking the rice ears in distilled water for 46-50h in a constant-temperature incubator at 22-26 ℃, continuing to wrap and moisturize the rice ears for 70-74h by using wet gauze, carrying out total treatment for 116-124h, and calculating the ear germination rate = germination grain number/grain total number multiplied by 100% of each single plant after the treatment is finished;
method 2, parent or F 1 Identifying the cluster spike and bud resistance characteristics: sowing test materials in a proper period, transplanting or thin direct seeding, selecting 10-20 plants for each material in the heading period, selecting 1 rice ear hanging plate for extracting leaf sheath by 1/3-1/2 for each plant, and identifying by adopting a single plant spike bud resistance characteristic identification method of the method 1;
b) Parental selection and F 0 Configuration: identifying parent spike germination rate according to the method 2 in the step A) by combining with a breeding target, combining with a four-principle of hybridization breeding parent selection, taking parent with spike germination rate less than or equal to 5% as female parent and parent with spike germination rate less than or equal to 10% as male parent, and performing hybridization group to obtain F 0 ；
C)F 1 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: will F 0 Sowing on Hainan tomb water for 12 months 20-12 months 25 days to obtain F 1 Identifying the germination rate of each combination according to the method 2 in the step A), selecting excellent combination with the germination rate of less than or equal to 10 percent, and mixing and collecting seed residues to obtain F 2 ；
D)F 2 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 2 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, sowing in regions along river and south of Jiangsu and in 5-20-5-25 days, transplanting in single unit, and transplanting in each combination>1200 plants, selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of the spikes of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent single plants with the germination rate of the reserved spikes less than or equal to 10% in the mature period, and mixing to collect reserved seeds to obtain F 3 ；
E)F 3 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 3 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, carrying out diluted direct seeding on the seeds in the Hainan tomb water for 12 months to 12 months and 25 days, listing in the heading period, identifying the heading germination rate of each individual plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting the individual plants with the heading germination rate less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period, and carrying out mixed harvesting to obtain F 4 ；
F)F 4 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 4 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, sowing in regions along river and south of Jiangsu and in 5-20-5-25 days, transplanting in single unit, and transplanting in each combination>1200 plants, selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of the spikes of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent single plants with the germination rate of the reserved spikes less than or equal to 10% in the mature period, and mixing to collect reserved seeds to obtain F 5 ；
G)F 5 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 5 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, carrying out diluted direct seeding on the seeds in the Hainan tomb water for 12 months to 20 months and 25 days, listing in the heading period, identifying the head germination rate of each individual plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent individual plants with the head germination rate less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period, and obtaining F by single seed collection 6 ；
H)F 6 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f (F) 6 Establishing strain, and before sowing, F 6 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, sowing in regions along river and south of Jiangsu for 5 months and 25 days for 20 days to 5 months, transplanting in separate lines, transplanting about 60 lines of good single plants in each line, initially selecting good single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting good single plants with the germination rate of the remaining spikes less than or equal to 10% according to a pedigree method in the maturity period, and obtaining F by single seed collection 7 ；
I)F 7 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 7 After the seeds are subjected to constant temperature treatment, sowing in Hainan tomb water for 12 months 20 days to 12 months 25 days, transplanting and planting in a line-separated single-plant manner, planting about 60 plants in each plant line, initially selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent single plants with the germination rate of the remaining spikes less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period according to a pedigree method, and obtaining F after single seed collection 8 ；
J)F 8 The processing of the previous generation: f (F) 8 And if the previous generation is still separated, continuing to perform the optimization according to the steps H) and I) until the stable strain with the germination rate of less than or equal to 10% is obtained to be lifted to participate in each stage of intermediate test.
Further, japonica rice parent or F 1 Sowing in proper period, wherein in regions along Jiangsu river and su nan, the sowing period of early-maturing medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 6 months 13 days-6 months 18 days, the sowing period of medium-maturing medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 6 months 7 days-6 months 12 days, the sowing period of early-maturing late-medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 29 days-6 months 3 days, the sowing period of late-maturing medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 23 days-5 months 28 days, the sowing period of early-maturing late-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 18 days-5 months 23 days, and medium-maturing late-grained non-glutinous rice varietyThe sowing period of the japonica variety is 5 months 10 days-5 months 15 days, F 1 The group sowing period is 5 months 20-25 days, and the single plant is transplanted to the above variety or F 1 The group spike alignment dates are all 8 months, 27 days, 9 months and 2 days.
Further, japonica rice parent or F 1 Sowing the group in suitable period, wherein the sowing period is 12 months, 20 days, 12 months and 25 days in Hainan tomb water, and transplanting all the parents or F 1 The groups are all in 3 months 5 days-3 months 12 days with the scion.
Further, method 2, parent or F in step A) 1 The characteristic identification method of the cluster spike bud resistance comprises the steps of each parent or F in the heading stage 1 Selecting 10-20 plants, selecting 1 rice ear with leaf sheath 1/3-1/2 pulled out, marking area number and date, cutting rice ears, soaking in distilled water for 46-50 hr in a constant temperature incubator at 22-26deg.C, wrapping with wet gauze, keeping moisture for 70-74 hr, processing for 116-124 hr, and calculating each parent or F after processing 1 Group ear germination rate = number of germinated grains/total number of grains x 100%.
Further, the seed constant temperature treatment method in the steps D) -I) comprises the following steps: placing the mixture in a blast drying oven, treating the mixture at the constant temperature of 49-52 ℃ for 60-65h, and naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after the completion of the treatment.
Still further, the method of live broadcasting in steps E) and G) is as follows: the seed quantity for each combination is 40-50g, and the sowing area is 10-12m 2 Ensuring that the seedling is more than 1200 plants.
The breeding method of the invention is scientifically based on the following selection:
1) The temperature and humidity at the later stage of grain maturity are the most important factors affecting the germination of the rice ears. The heading period of japonica rice planted in the Jianghuai rice crop area at the downstream of the Yangtze river in China is mainly concentrated in the beginning of the period from the last ten days of 8 months to the first 9 months. The seeds are in the yellow ripening period from the middle and late 9 months to the upper 10 months 35-40 days after the scion alignment, have higher water content, are easy to absorb water and saturate to sprout, and are sensitive periods of scion sprouting. Meteorological data of the last 10 years are studied, and the average temperature of the day from the middle and late 9 months to the upper 10 months is generally about 23 ℃, and the precipitation index (the comprehensive index for measuring the precipitation frequency and the precipitation amount) is about 4.2. The invention takes the moisture preservation treatment of soaking at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for +48 hours and +72 hours as the identification condition, selects the parent with the germination rate of the spike less than or equal to 5 percent as the female parent, takes the parent with the germination rate of the spike less than or equal to 10 percent as the male parent, carries out the hybrid mating, and then takes the moisture preservation treatment of soaking at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for +48 hours and +72 hours as the selective pressure for each generation, and selects the target individual with the germination rate of the spike less than or equal to 10 percent until the stable and consistent strain is bred and recommended to participate in each level of experiments. As the temperature and the humidity are both applied with extreme pressure during parent matching and hybrid offspring treatment, the annual ear germination rate of the bred japonica rice variety is far less than 10 percent.
2) Seed dormancy is a self-protective feature of plants that adapt to the natural environment. Excessive dormancy of seeds can lead to the failure of the crops to grow normally according to seasons, and insufficient dormancy can lead to the early germination of seeds, so that the phenomenon of sprouting of spikes occurs. The sprouting of the spikes is genetic, in the shuttle breeding process of the south and north breeding of the rice, the time from the harvesting of the seeds to the sowing is shortest and is less than 10 days, and the longest time is not more than 40 days, if the seeds are directly sown without adopting proper dormancy breaking measures to treat the seeds before sowing, individuals with weak dormancy tend to sprout quickly and have stronger competitive advantage and remain, and individuals with strong dormancy tend to be easily eliminated due to slow sprouting or non-sprouting, so that the cultivated varieties tend to have weak dormancy or no spike sprouting. The invention selects the variety with the ear bud resistance as parent to configure the hybridization combination, takes the ear bud ratio as selection pressure, selects the combination and single plant with the ear bud ratio less than or equal to 10 percent, uses the constant temperature of 49 ℃ to 52 ℃ to treat seeds for 60 to 65 hours before sowing, breaks dormancy, ensures that the seeds with dormancy characteristics can germinate into seedlings in time and are not eliminated, and the cultivated variety always has certain dormancy or ear bud resistance.
3) The sprouting of the ears has great influence on the rice quality, the rice storage and the seed value. The germination of rice ears promotes the hydrolysis of starch in endosperm, the grain weight is reduced, and the yield is reduced. The germination of the ears leads to the obvious reduction of the brown rice rate, the polished rice rate and the whole polished rice rate, the obvious improvement of chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree, obvious reduction of grain length, grain width and length-width ratio, and serious deterioration of rice processing quality and appearance quality. The sprouting of the ears simultaneously causes the deterioration of the starch structure and the protein structure, and the taste of rice is obviously deteriorated. The more serious the sprouting of the spikes, the deeper the deterioration of quality. The germination rate of the rice variety cultivated by the invention is less than or equal to 10 percent, and even the annual ear germination rate of serious ear germination is far lower than that of the common variety with ear bud resistance, so that the rice variety can be furthest kept in seed and grain, and the loss is reduced.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The bred variety is resistant to spike germination: the annual ear germination rate of the bred japonica rice variety is far less than 10 percent.
2) The bred varieties often have a certain dormancy.
3) The bred variety is easy to preserve seeds and grains.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a breeding process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The identification method of the spike bud resistance comprises the following steps:
method 1, identification of spike and bud resistance characteristics of a single plant: sowing test materials in a proper period, transplanting or directly seeding in a diluted manner, selecting 1 rice ear hanging plate with leaf sheath 1/2 pulled out for each target single plant in the heading period, marking area numbers and hanging date, shearing each hanging rice ear after 35 days, soaking the rice ear in distilled water for 48 hours in a constant-temperature incubator at 24 ℃, then continuously wrapping and moisturizing the rice ear with wet gauze for 72 hours, carrying out total treatment for 120 hours, and calculating the ear germination rate = germination grain number/grain total number x 100% of each single plant after the treatment is finished;
method 2, parent or F 1 Identifying the cluster spike and bud resistance characteristics: sowing test materials in a proper period (specifically referring to Table 1), transplanting or thinning and seeding the test materials singly, selecting 10 plants for each material in the heading period, selecting 1 rice ear hanging tag for extracting 1/2 of leaf sheath for each plant, marking a zone number and a hanging date, shearing each hanging tag rice ear after 35 days, soaking the rice ear in distilled water for 48 hours in a constant-temperature incubator at 24 ℃, then continuing to wrap and moisturize the rice ear for 72 hours by using wet gauze, carrying out total treatment for 120 hours, and calculating the ear germination rate = sprouted grain number/grain total number multiplied by 100% of each material after the treatment is finished;
TABLE 1 arrangement of different types of parental sowing time in Jiangsu Yangtze river and Sunan regions
Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of a breeding process of a breeding method for cultivating a japonica rice variety with spike buds is shown. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a) Sowing the japonica rice parents in Hainan in 2015 winter at the day of 12 months and 25 days, and identifying the germination rate of the ears according to the method 2 in the heading period, wherein the 18 th of the early-maturing late-maturing japonica rice variety is aligned with the ears at the day of 3 months and 7 days, and the germination rate of the ears is 4.14%; the early-maturing late-middle japonica variety Nanjing 5758 is aligned with spikes in 3 months and 10 days, and the germination rate of the spikes is 9.27%.
B) Hybridization of Zhendao No. 18 as female parent with Qing He 5758 to obtain 47 seeds, namely F 0 。
C) Winter in Hainan 2016, will F 0 Sowing in 12 months and 20 days to obtain F 1 After 20 plants are transplanted singly and the impurities are removed in the heading period, F is identified according to the method 2 (Zhendao No. 18 Xnan japonica 5758) 1 The germination rate of the spikes=7.17%, and the seeds are reserved by mixed collection to obtain F 2 。
D) Period in Jiangsu in 2017, F will be before sowing 2 Placing seeds in an air-blast drying oven, processing at 50deg.C for 60h, naturally cooling to room temperature after finishing, sowing at 5 months and 20 days, transplanting 1232 plants, selecting excellent plants at the beginning of the heading period, identifying 9 excellent plants with the germination rate of the ears less than or equal to 10% at the maturity period according to method 1, and collecting the seeds in a mixed manner to obtain F 3 。
E) Winter in Hainan in 2017, F will be before sowing 3 The seeds are placed in a blast drying box, treated for 60 hours at the constant temperature of 50 ℃, naturally cooled to the room temperature after the completion, and subjected to thin direct seeding for 12 months and 20 days, the seed consumption is 45g, and the seeding area is 11m 2 And (3) forming 1214 plants of seedlings, identifying the germination rate of the ears of each individual plant according to the method 1 in the heading period, selecting 19 individual plants with the germination rate of the ears less than or equal to 10% in the mature period, and collecting and reserving seeds in a mixed mode to obtain F 4 。
F) Period in Jiangsu in 2011, F will be before sowing 4 The seeds are placed in a blast drying box, treated for 60 hours at the constant temperature of 50 ℃, naturally cooled to the room temperature after the completion, and subjected to thin direct seeding for 5 months and 20 days, the seed consumption is 45g, and the seeding area is 11m 2 The 1239 mature seedling strain, the excellent single plant is initially selected in the heading stage, the germination rate of the spike is identified according to the method 1, and the spike is reserved in the mature stage15 excellent single plants with bud ratio less than or equal to 10 percent are mixed to collect and reserve seeds to obtain F 5 。
G) Winter in 2018 in Hainan and F before sowing 5 The seeds are placed in a blast drying box, treated for 60 hours at the constant temperature of 50 ℃, naturally cooled to the room temperature after the completion, and subjected to thin direct seeding for 12 months and 20 days, the seed consumption is 45g, and the seeding area is 11m 2 And (3) growing 1386 plants of seedlings, identifying the germination rate of the ears of each individual plant according to the method 1 in the heading period, selecting 11 excellent individual plants with the germination rate of the ears less than or equal to 10% in the mature period, and obtaining F by single seed collection 6 。
H) Period in Jiangsu in 2019, F will be before sowing 6 Placing seeds in an air-blast drying oven, processing for 60h at 50 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature after finishing, sowing for 5 months and 20 days, transplanting in separate lines, transplanting 60 plants in each line, initially selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of the ears according to the method 1, selecting 13 excellent single plants with the germination rate of the ears less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period according to a pedigree method, and obtaining F after single seed collection 7 。
I) Winter in Hainan in 2019, F will be before sowing 7 Placing seeds in an air-blast drying oven, processing for 60h at 50 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature after finishing, sowing in 12 months and 20 days, transplanting and planting in separate lines, planting 60 plants in each line, initially selecting 5 excellent lines with tidy personality in the heading period, identifying 2 excellent lines with the germination rate of the ears according to the method 1, selecting 2 excellent lines with the germination rate of the remaining ears less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period, and carrying out separate line mixed seed reservation to obtain F 8 。
J) Period in Jiangsu in 2020, 2F before sowing 8 The plant seeds are placed in a forced air drying oven, are treated for 60 hours at a constant temperature of 50 ℃, are naturally cooled to room temperature after finishing, are sowed for 20 days in 5 months and participate in the late-maturing medium-japonica identification test, wherein the plant with the number of late-discrimination 125 is aligned with ears in 24 days in 8 months, the germination rate of ears is=6.23%, the yield is increased by 5.7% compared with that of the control Huai rice No. 5, and the plant is pre-matured for 2 days, is named as Zhen rice 9125 temporarily, and is ready for propagation promotion and participates in intermediate tests of all stages.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method for cultivating a japonica rice variety with spike bud resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) The identification method of the spike bud resistance comprises the following steps:
method 1, identification of spike and bud resistance characteristics of a single plant: sowing test materials in a proper period, transplanting or live-seeding the test materials in a diluted manner, selecting 1-3 rice ears with 1/3-1/2 leaf sheaths extracted from each target single plant in the heading period, marking area numbers and listing dates, shearing each rice ear with the hanging tags after 35-40 days, soaking the rice ears in distilled water for 46-50h in a constant-temperature incubator at 22-26 ℃, continuing to wrap and moisturize the rice ears for 70-74h by using wet gauze, carrying out total treatment for 116-124h, and calculating the ear germination rate = germination grain number/grain total number multiplied by 100% of each single plant after the treatment is finished;
method 2, parent or F 1 Identifying the cluster spike and bud resistance characteristics: sowing test materials in a proper period, transplanting or thin direct seeding, selecting 10-20 plants for each material in the heading period, selecting 1 rice ear hanging plate for extracting leaf sheath by 1/3-1/2 for each plant, and identifying by adopting a single plant spike bud resistance characteristic identification method of the method 1;
b) Parental selection and F 0 Configuration: identifying parent spike germination rate according to the method 2 in the step A) by combining with a breeding target, combining with a four-principle of hybridization breeding parent selection, taking parent with spike germination rate less than or equal to 5% as female parent and parent with spike germination rate less than or equal to 10% as male parent, and performing hybridization group to obtain F 0 ；
C)F 1 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: will F 0 Sowing on Hainan tomb water for 12 months 20-12 months 25 days to obtain F 1 Identifying the germination rate of each combination according to the method 2 in the step A), selecting excellent combination with the germination rate of less than or equal to 10 percent, and mixing and collecting seed residues to obtain F 2 ；
D)F 2 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 2 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, sowing in regions along river and south of Jiangsu and in 5-20-5-25 days, transplanting in single unit, and transplanting in each combination>1200 plants, selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of the spikes of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent single plants with the germination rate of the reserved spikes less than or equal to 10% in the mature period, and mixing to collect reserved seeds to obtain F 3 ；
E)F 3 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 3 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, carrying out diluted direct seeding on the seeds in the Hainan tomb water at 12 months, 20 days to 12 months and 25 days, hanging the seeds in the heading period, and identifying each seed according to the method 1 in the step A)The germination rate of the individual plant is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the individual plant with the germination rate of the reserved spike is selected in the mature period, and the reserved seed is mixed to obtain F 4 ；
F)F 4 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 4 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, sowing in regions along river and south of Jiangsu and in 5-20-5-25 days, transplanting in single unit, and transplanting in each combination>1200 plants, selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of the spikes of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent single plants with the germination rate of the reserved spikes less than or equal to 10% in the mature period, and mixing to collect reserved seeds to obtain F 5 ；
G)F 5 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 5 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, carrying out diluted direct seeding on the seeds in the Hainan tomb water for 12 months to 20 months and 25 days, listing in the heading period, identifying the head germination rate of each individual plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent individual plants with the head germination rate less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period, and obtaining F by single seed collection 6 ；
H)F 6 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f (F) 6 Establishing strain, and before sowing, F 6 Naturally cooling the seeds to room temperature after constant temperature treatment, sowing in regions along river and south of Jiangsu for 5 months and 25 days for 20 days to 5 months, transplanting in separate lines, transplanting about 60 lines of good single plants in each line, initially selecting good single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting good single plants with the germination rate of the remaining spikes less than or equal to 10% according to a pedigree method in the maturity period, and obtaining F by single seed collection 7 ；
I)F 7 Is characterized by comprising the following steps: f is carried out before sowing 7 After the seeds are subjected to constant temperature treatment, sowing in Hainan tomb water for 12 months 20 days to 12 months 25 days, transplanting and planting in a line-separated single-plant manner, planting about 60 plants in each plant line, initially selecting excellent single plants in the heading period, identifying the germination rate of each single plant according to the method 1 in the step A), selecting excellent single plants with the germination rate of the remaining spikes less than or equal to 10% in the maturity period according to a pedigree method, and obtaining F after single seed collection 8 ；
J)F 8 The processing of the previous generation: f (F) 8 And if the previous generation is still separated, continuing to perform the optimization according to the steps H) and I) until the stable strain with the germination rate of less than or equal to 10% is obtained to be lifted to participate in each stage of intermediate test.
2. The breeding method for cultivating spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: japonica rice parent or F 1 Sowing in proper period, wherein in regions along Jiangsu river and su nan, the sowing period of early-maturing medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 6 months 13 days-6 months 18 days, the sowing period of medium-maturing medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 6 months 7 days-6 months 12 days, the sowing period of early-maturing late-medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 29 days-6 months 3 days, the sowing period of late-maturing medium-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 23 days-5 months 28 days, the sowing period of early-maturing late-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 18 days-5 months 23 days, the sowing period of medium-maturing late-grained non-glutinous rice variety is 5 months 10 days-5 months 15 days, F 1 The group sowing period is 5 months 20-25 days, and the single plant is transplanted to the above variety or F 1 The group spike alignment dates are all 8 months, 27 days, 9 months and 2 days.
3. The breeding method for cultivating spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: japonica rice parent or F 1 Sowing the group in proper period, transplanting the group in water in the period of 12 months 20-12 months 25 days, transplanting the group in a single unit, and obtaining all parents or F 1 The groups are all in 3 months 5 days-3 months 12 days with the scion.
4. The breeding method for cultivating spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: method 2, parent or F in step A) 1 The characteristic identification method of the cluster spike bud resistance comprises the steps of each parent or F in the heading stage 1 Selecting 10-20 plants, selecting 1 rice ear with leaf sheath 1/3-1/2 pulled out, marking area number and date, cutting rice ears, soaking in distilled water for 46-50 hr in a constant temperature incubator at 22-26deg.C, wrapping with wet gauze, keeping moisture for 70-74 hr, processing for 116-124 hr, and calculating each parent or F after processing 1 Group ear germination rate = number of germinated grains/total number of grains x 100%.
5. The breeding method for cultivating spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the seed constant temperature treatment method in the steps D) -I) comprises the following steps: placing the mixture in a blast drying oven, treating the mixture at the constant temperature of 49-52 ℃ for 60-65h, and naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after the completion of the treatment.
6. The breeding method for cultivating spike bud-resistant japonica rice variety according to claim 1, wherein the breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for live broadcasting in the steps E) and G) comprises the following steps: the seed quantity for each combination is 40-50g, and the sowing area is 10-12m 2 Ensuring that the seedling is more than 1200 plants.
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