CN116267122A

CN116267122A - Seeding device convenient for installing and replacing roller

Info

Publication number: CN116267122A
Application number: CN202310411332.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑晓峰; 李育林
Original assignee: NINGBO KUAIBO AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY CO Ltd; Zhejiang Shanteng Transmission Intelligent Control Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: NINGBO KUAIBO AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY CO Ltd; Zhejiang Shanteng Transmission Intelligent Control Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-04-13
Filing date: 2023-04-13
Publication date: 2023-06-23

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seeding devices and discloses a seeding device convenient for installing and replacing a roller, which comprises a seeding box body, wherein the seeding box body is internally provided with the roller, the roller is fixed in the middle of a supporting shaft, the front end of the supporting shaft is inserted and sleeved on a first bearing, the first bearing is fixed on a first bearing seat, the first bearing seat is fixed on the front side wall of the seeding box body, and a step surface at the front end of the supporting shaft is pressed against the end surface of an inner ring of the first bearing; the rear end of the support shaft is inserted and sleeved on the second bearing, the second bearing is fixed on the flange plate, and the flange plate is fixed on the end face of the through hole on the rear side wall of the seeding box body through a plurality of first screws. The roller can be pulled out of the seeding box body by removing the flange plate, so that the roller is convenient to replace and install; the inserting plate is inserted and sleeved on the roller, and the groove type of the roller is changed, so that seeds can be effectively prevented from being blocked in the groove of the roller.

Description

Seeding device convenient for installing and replacing roller

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seeding devices, in particular to a seeding device convenient for installing and replacing a roller.

Background

Melon, fruit, vegetable, etc. in modern agriculture are usually grown in greenhouse with seedling trays, and seeds in the seedling trays are sown by a sowing machine. Most of the existing sowers are full-automatic sowers, and the flow of the full-automatic sowers can be divided into stirring soil materials, feeding discs, applying soil, pressing holes, sowing, earthing, sprinkling, discharging discs for stacking and the like, so that the production speed is high, labor is saved, and the sowing steps are completed through a sowing device. The cylinder is as seeder's core part, and traditional seeder's cylinder is embedded cylinder, and is higher to the precision requirement of installation and support, and equipment assembly is complicated, and the adjustment size is difficult. Meanwhile, the roller is a vulnerable article, and is difficult to maintain and replace in the later period, so that the after-sale cost of an agricultural machinery production enterprise is greatly increased, and the production efficiency of farmers is reduced. Meanwhile, the grooves of the existing roller are shown in the figure 12 of the specification, the cross section of the grooves of the roller is in a pagoda shape, and seeds are easy to clamp in the grooves; when the seeds need to be replaced for sowing, the seeds are easy to mix up for sowing, and meanwhile, the grooves of the roller are inconvenient to clean.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a seeding device convenient for installing and replacing a roller, the roller can be pulled out of a seeding box body by dismantling a flange plate, the replacement and the installation work of the roller are convenient, and the problem of inconvenient roller disassembly and assembly of the conventional seeding device is solved;

the inserting plate is inserted and sleeved on the roller, and the groove type of the roller is changed, so that seeds can be effectively prevented from being blocked in the groove of the roller.

The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a seeding device convenient to installation and change cylinder, includes the seeding box, be equipped with the cylinder in the seeding box, the cylinder is fixed at the middle part of back shaft, and the front end plug bush of back shaft is on first bearing, and first bearing is fixed on first bearing frame, and first bearing frame is fixed on the preceding lateral wall of seeding box, and the step face of back shaft front end presses on the inner circle terminal surface of first bearing;

the rear end of the support shaft is inserted and sleeved on the second bearing, the second bearing is fixed on the flange plate, and the flange plate is fixed on the end face of the through hole on the rear side wall of the seeding box body through a plurality of first screws.

According to the technical scheme, when the roller needs to be replaced, the first screw is unscrewed, and the flange plate is detached from the seeding box body; then the rear end of the supporting shaft is held and the roller is pulled out backwards; then, the roller to be replaced is inserted into the seeding box body from the through hole 101, the front end of the supporting shaft of the new roller is inserted into the first bearing, and the front end step surface of the supporting shaft is pressed against the end surface of the inner ring of the first bearing, so that the roller is positioned; then inserting a flange plate at the rear end of the supporting shaft, inserting a second bearing on the supporting shaft, and abutting the flange plate against the rear end of the roller so as to limit the position of the roller; then fixing the flange plate on the seeding box body through a first screw; thereby conveniently and rapidly completing the replacement and installation work of the roller.

The invention is further arranged to: the upper end of the seeding box body is sleeved and fixed with a seed bin, the lower end of the seed bin is provided with a discharge hole, and the discharge hole is positioned above the roller;

the lower end of the discharge hole is fixedly provided with a discharge plate which is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the discharge plate is connected with the roller, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the discharge plate and the outer wall of the roller;

one side of the roller far away from the discharging plate is inserted and sleeved in a semi-cylinder which is arranged coaxially with the roller, and the semi-cylinder is fixed in the seeding box body;

a plurality of axially extending grooves which are uniformly distributed on the circumference and a plurality of annular slots which are linearly distributed in the axial direction are formed on the outer wall of the roller;

the lower end of each annular slot is inserted and sleeved on a corresponding plugboard, a plurality of plugboards are inserted and sleeved on two sleeve rods which are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each sleeve rod are respectively fixed on the side wall of the seeding box body through corresponding second screws.

According to the technical scheme, seeds are temporarily stored in the seed bin, the seeds in the seed bin automatically fall into the grooves on the upper side of the roller through the discharge hole and the discharge plate, the roller rotates clockwise, the seeds in the grooves rotate into the semi-cylinder along with the roller, a cavity with a certain volume is formed by the inner wall of the semi-cylinder and the grooves, and a certain amount of seeds can be placed in the cavity, so that accurate sowing of the seeds is realized; when the corresponding groove is separated from the semi-cylinder, the seeds in the groove automatically fall into the hole tray below;

seeds stuck in the grooves can be separated from the grooves through the plugboards.

When the roller needs to be replaced, the second screws close to the two ends of the sleeve rod of the roller need to be detached, and the inserting plate can rotate around the other sleeve rod to enable the inserting plate to be separated from the annular slot of the roller, and then the roller is pulled out.

The invention is further arranged to: an arc-shaped plate is formed on the inner wall of the semi-cylinder, and a pushing arc part is formed at the upper end of the arc-shaped plate; the outer wall of the roller is abutted against the arc-shaped plate.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, can release the recess with unnecessary seed in the recess through pushing away material arc portion, through the setting of push-and-pull arc portion arc, can prevent that the seed card from dying in half drum upper end to prevent that the cylinder card from dying or destroying the seed.

The invention is further arranged to: the cross section of the groove is in a right-angle trapezoid shape.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the recess is right trapezoid, can make things convenient for the automatic blanking work of seed, reduces the probability of seed card in the recess.

The invention is further arranged to: a brush rod is arranged above the roller, is inserted into and fixed in the middle of the synchronous rotating shaft, two ends of the synchronous rotating shaft are respectively and rotatably connected to corresponding adjusting seats, and the two adjusting seats are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the seeding box body;

the rear end of the synchronous rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a first sprocket, the first sprocket is connected with a second sprocket through a first chain, the second sprocket is inserted and sleeved at the rear end of the supporting shaft, the front end of the supporting shaft is sleeved with a third sprocket, the third sprocket is connected with a fourth sprocket through a second chain, the fourth sprocket is fixed on a motor shaft of the motor, and the motor is fixed in the seeding box body;

the second sprocket, the third sprocket and the support shaft are connected through flat keys, and the second sprocket, the third sprocket and the support shaft are arranged in a clearance fit manner.

Through the technical scheme, the motor drives the fourth chain wheel to rotate, the fourth chain wheel drives the third chain wheel to rotate through the second chain, the third chain wheel drives the supporting shaft to rotate, the supporting shaft drives the roller and the second chain wheel to synchronously rotate, and the roller rotates to convey seeds downwards through the grooves, so that seeding work is orderly completed; the second sprocket drives the first sprocket to rotate through the first chain, the first sprocket drives the synchronous rotating shaft to rotate, the synchronous rotating shaft drives the brush rod to rotate, and the brush rod rotates to sweep redundant seeds in the groove on the upper side of the roller;

and the second chain wheel, the third chain wheel and the supporting shaft are arranged in a clearance fit manner, so that the second chain wheel and the third chain wheel can be disassembled when the roller is convenient to replace.

The invention is further arranged to: the first chain and the second chain are respectively provided with a chain tensioning mechanism.

The chain tensioning mechanism can facilitate the disassembly and the installation of the chain.

The invention is further arranged to: the chain tensioning mechanism comprises a tensioning wheel, the tensioning wheel is rotationally connected to one end of a rotating frame, the other end of the rotating frame is rotationally connected to a seeding box body, a first hanging rod is fixed in the middle of the rotating frame, the first hanging rod is inserted into one end of a drag hook spring, the other end of the drag hook spring is hung on a second hanging rod, the second hanging rod is fixed to one end of a supporting plate, and the other end of the supporting plate is rotationally connected to the seeding box body;

the first chain and the second chain are respectively hung in annular grooves of tensioning wheels of the corresponding chain tensioning mechanisms.

Through the technical scheme, the first chain and the second chain are hung in the grooves of the corresponding tensioning wheels, so that the positions of the chains can be limited, and the chains are prevented from falling off from the corresponding chain wheels;

the middle part through drag hook spring provides a pulling force to the revolving rack, and the revolving rack passes through the take-up pulley with the tensioning of corresponding chain, because cylinder rotational speed is slower, and chain drive's speed is also lower, does not need too big tensioning force can stabilize chain drive.

The invention is further arranged to: the adjusting seat comprises a second bearing seat, the end part of the synchronous rotating shaft is rotationally connected to the second bearing seat through a bearing, the second bearing seat is fixed on the plug bush and the first moving block, a supporting frame is arranged above the first moving block, and the supporting frame is fixed on the seeding box body;

the support frame is in threaded connection with an adjusting screw, the lower end of the adjusting screw is provided with a small-diameter rod, the small-diameter rod penetrates through the lower extending end of the second moving block to be sleeved and fixed with a pin rod, and the second moving block is fixed at the upper end of the first moving block;

the first movable block is provided with two waist-shaped holes which are arranged in parallel, the waist-shaped holes are inserted and sleeved on a third screw, and the third screw is in threaded connection with the seeding box body.

Through the technical scheme, the second moving block is driven to move by rotating the adjusting screw, the first moving block is driven to move by the second moving block, and the synchronous rotating shaft is driven to move by the first moving block through the second bearing, so that the brush rod is driven to move by the synchronous rotating shaft, the position of the brush rod is adjusted, and different rollers and different seeds are adapted;

meanwhile, after the seeding work is completed, the brushing roller can brush the roller.

The invention is further arranged to: the first movable block is provided with an indication mark, the indication mark faces the graduated scale, and the graduated scale is fixed on the seeding box body.

The moving distance of the first moving blocks can be clearly seen through the graduated scale and the indication marks, so that the two first moving blocks can be at the same height.

The invention is further arranged to: the front side and the rear side of the seeding box body are respectively provided with a cover body;

the cover body is fixed on a plurality of corresponding L-shaped plate frames through a plurality of fifth screws, and the L-shaped plate frames are fixed on the seeding box body;

the first chain wheel, the first chain and the second chain wheel are arranged in the cover body at the rear side;

the third chain wheel, the second chain and the fourth chain wheel are arranged in the cover body at the front side.

Through the technical scheme, the chain wheels, the chains and the like are placed in the cover body, so that potential safety hazards can be reduced; the cover body is connected with the seeding box body through the fifth screw, so that the cover body can be conveniently detached and installed, and the replacement and installation work of the later-stage roller are convenient.

The invention has the outstanding effects that:

the roller can be pulled out of the seeding box body by removing the flange plate, so that the roller is convenient to replace and install;

the inserting plate is inserted and sleeved on the roller, and the groove shape of the roller is changed, so that seeds can be effectively prevented from being blocked in the groove of the roller;

the chain wheel at two ends of the roller is connected with the supporting shaft in a clearance fit manner, and the chain is provided with a chain tensioning mechanism, so that the chain wheel and the chain can be conveniently dismounted and mounted, and the roller can be further conveniently replaced and assembled.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention in cross section;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 taken about A-A;

FIG. 4 is a view of FIG. 3 in a direction about B;

FIG. 5 is a view of FIG. 3 in a direction about C;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 about D;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 about E;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a drum according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a plurality of boards of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the connection structure between the insert plate and the drum according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 about F;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of a drum of a conventional sowing device.

Reference numerals: 10. sowing the box body; 101. a through hole; 11. a cover body; 12. a fifth screw; 13. l-shaped plate frame;

20. a roller; 201. a groove; 202. an annular slot; 21. a support shaft; 22. a first bearing; 23. a first bearing seat; 24. a second bearing; 25. a flange plate;

30. a seed bin; 301. a discharge port; 31. a discharge plate; 32. a semi-cylinder; 33. inserting plate; 34. a loop bar; 35. a second screw; 36. an arc-shaped plate; 361. pushing an arc part;

40. a motor; 41. brushing a stick; 42. a synchronous rotating shaft; 43. an adjusting seat; 44. a first sprocket; 45. a first chain; 46. a second sprocket; 47. a third sprocket; 48. a second chain; 49. a fourth sprocket;

431. a second bearing seat; 432. a first moving block; 4321. a waist-shaped hole; 433. a support frame; 434. a graduated scale; 435. an adjusting screw; 4351. a small diameter rod; 436. a second moving block; 437. a pin rod; 438. a third screw;

50. a chain tensioning mechanism; 501. a tensioning wheel; 502. a rotating frame; 503. a first hanger bar; 504. a drag hook spring; 505. a second hanging rod; 506. and a support plate.

Detailed Description

The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 11:

the utility model provides a seeding device convenient to installation and change cylinder, includes seeding box 10, be equipped with cylinder 20 in the seeding box 10, cylinder 20 is fixed in the middle part of back shaft 21, and the front end plug bush of back shaft 21 is on first bearing 22, and first bearing 22 is fixed on first bearing frame 23, and first bearing frame 23 is fixed on the front side wall of seeding box 10, and the step face of back shaft 21 front end presses on the inner circle terminal surface of first bearing 22;

the rear end of the support shaft 21 is inserted over a second bearing 24, which is fixed to a flange plate 25, and the flange plate 25 is fixed to the end face of the through hole 101 on the rear side wall of the seeding box 10 by a plurality of first screws 26.

When the roller needs to be replaced, the first screw is unscrewed, and the flange plate is detached from the seeding box body; then the rear end of the supporting shaft is held and the roller is pulled out backwards; then, the roller to be replaced is inserted into the seeding box body from the through hole 101, the front end of the supporting shaft of the new roller is inserted into the first bearing, and the front end step surface of the supporting shaft is pressed against the end surface of the inner ring of the first bearing, so that the roller is positioned; then inserting a flange plate at the rear end of the supporting shaft, inserting a second bearing on the supporting shaft, and abutting the flange plate against the rear end of the roller so as to limit the position of the roller; then fixing the flange plate on the seeding box body through a first screw; thereby conveniently and rapidly completing the replacement and installation work of the roller.

The upper end of the seeding box body 10 is sleeved and fixed with a seed bin 30, the lower end of the seed bin 30 is provided with a discharge hole 301, and the discharge hole 301 is positioned above the roller 20;

the lower end of the discharge hole 301 is fixedly provided with a discharge plate 31 which is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the discharge plate 31 is connected with the roller 20, and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the discharge plate 31 and the outer wall of the roller 20;

one side of the roller 20 far away from the discharging plate 31 is inserted and sleeved in a semicircular cylinder 32 which is coaxially arranged with the roller, and the semicircular cylinder 32 is fixed in the seeding box body 10;

a plurality of axially extending grooves 201 uniformly distributed on the circumference and a plurality of annular slots 202 linearly uniformly distributed in the axial direction are formed on the outer wall of the roller 20;

the lower end of each annular slot 202 is inserted and sleeved on a corresponding one of the insertion plates 33, a plurality of insertion plates 33 are inserted and fixed on two sleeve rods 34 which are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each sleeve rod 34 are respectively fixed on the side wall of the seeding box 10 through corresponding second screws 35.

The seeds are temporarily stored in the seed bin, the seeds in the seed bin automatically fall into the groove on the upper side of the roller through the discharge hole and the discharge plate, the roller rotates clockwise, the seeds in the groove rotate into the semi-cylinder along with the roller, the inner wall of the semi-cylinder and the groove form a cavity with a certain volume, and a certain amount of seeds can be placed in the cavity, so that accurate sowing of the seeds is realized; when the corresponding groove is separated from the semi-cylinder, the seeds in the groove automatically fall into the hole tray below;

An arc plate 36 is formed on the inner wall of the semi-cylinder 32, and a pushing arc part 361 is formed at the upper end of the arc plate 36; the outer wall of the drum 20 rests against the curved plate 36.

The unnecessary seeds in the grooves can be pushed out of the grooves through the pushing arc parts, and the seeds can be prevented from being blocked at the upper end of the semi-cylinder through the arc arrangement of the pushing arc parts, so that the rollers are prevented from being blocked or damaged.

The cross section of the groove 201 is in a right trapezoid shape.

The groove is right trapezoid, so that automatic blanking work of seeds can be facilitated, and probability of the seeds being clamped in the groove is reduced.

A brush rod 41 is arranged above the roller 20, the brush rod 41 is inserted and fixed in the middle of the synchronous rotating shaft 42, two ends of the synchronous rotating shaft 42 are respectively and rotatably connected to corresponding adjusting seats 43, and two adjusting seats 43 are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the seeding box 10;

the rear end of the synchronous rotating shaft 42 is fixedly provided with a first sprocket 44, the first sprocket 44 is connected with a second sprocket 46 through a first chain 45, the second sprocket 46 is inserted and sleeved at the rear end of the supporting shaft 21, the front end of the supporting shaft 21 is sleeved with a third sprocket 47, the third sprocket 47 is connected with a fourth sprocket 49 through a second chain 48, the fourth sprocket 49 is fixed on a motor shaft of the motor 40, and the motor 40 is fixed in the seeding box 10;

the second sprocket 46, the third sprocket 47 and the support shaft 21 are connected by flat keys, and the second sprocket 46, the third sprocket 47 and the support shaft 21 are arranged in a clearance fit.

The motor drives the fourth sprocket to rotate, the fourth sprocket drives the third sprocket to rotate through the second chain, the third sprocket drives the supporting shaft to rotate, the supporting shaft drives the roller and the second sprocket to synchronously rotate, and the roller rotates to convey seeds downwards through the grooves, so that seeding work is orderly completed; the second sprocket drives the first sprocket to rotate through the first chain, the first sprocket drives the synchronous rotating shaft to rotate, the synchronous rotating shaft drives the brush rod to rotate, and the brush rod rotates to sweep redundant seeds in the groove on the upper side of the roller;

the second sprocket 46, the third sprocket 47 and the supporting shaft 21 are arranged in a clearance fit manner, so that the second sprocket and the third sprocket can be disassembled when the roller is replaced conveniently.

The first chain 45 and the second chain 48 are each provided with a chain tensioning mechanism 50.

The chain tensioning mechanism 50 comprises a tensioning wheel 501, the tensioning wheel 501 is rotatably connected to one end of a rotating frame 502, the other end of the rotating frame 502 is rotatably connected to the seeding box 10, a first hanging rod 503 is fixed in the middle of the rotating frame 502, the first hanging rod 503 is inserted into one end of a draw hook spring 504, the other end of the draw hook spring 504 is connected to a second hanging rod 505 in a hanging mode, the second hanging rod 505 is fixed to one end of a supporting plate 506, and the other end of the supporting plate 506 is rotatably connected to the seeding box 10;

the first chain 45 and the second chain 48 are each hooked in an annular groove of the tensioning wheel 501 of the corresponding chain tensioning mechanism 50.

The first chain 45 and the second chain 48 are hung in the grooves of the corresponding tension pulleys, so that the positions of the chains can be limited, and the chains are prevented from falling off the corresponding chain wheels;

The adjusting seat 43 comprises a second bearing seat 431, the end part of the synchronous rotating shaft 42 is rotatably connected to the second bearing seat 431 through a bearing, the second bearing seat 431 is fixed on the plug bush and the first moving block 432, a supporting frame 433 is arranged above the first moving block 432, and the supporting frame 433 is fixed on the seeding box 10;

an adjusting screw 435 is screwed on the supporting frame 433, a small-diameter rod 4351 is formed at the lower end of the adjusting screw 435, the small-diameter rod 4351 passes through the lower extending end of the second moving block 436 to be sleeved and fixed with a pin 437, and the second moving block 436 is fixed at the upper end of the first moving block 432;

the first moving block 432 is formed with two parallel waist-shaped holes 4321, the waist-shaped holes 4321 are inserted and sleeved on a third screw 438, and the third screw 438 is screwed on the seeding box 10.

The second moving block is driven by the rotating adjusting screw to move, the first moving block is driven by the second moving block to move, the synchronous rotating shaft is driven by the first moving block to move through the second bearing, and the brushing rod is driven by the synchronous rotating shaft to move so as to adjust the position of the brushing rod, so that different rollers and different seeds are adapted;

The first moving block 432 is formed with an indication mark 4322, the indication mark 4322 faces the graduated scale 434, and the graduated scale 434 is fixed on the seeding box 10.

The front side and the rear side of the seeding box body 10 are respectively provided with a cover body 11;

the cover body 11 is fixed on a plurality of L-shaped plate frames 13 through a plurality of fifth screws 12, and the L-shaped plate frames 13 are fixed on the seeding box body 10;

the first sprocket 44, the first chain 45 and the second sprocket 46 are disposed in the rear cover 11;

the third sprocket 47, the second chain 48 and the fourth sprocket 49 are disposed in the front cover 11.

The chain wheel, the chain and the like are arranged in the cover body, so that potential safety hazards can be reduced; the cover body is connected with the seeding box body through the fifth screw, so that the cover body can be conveniently detached and installed, and the replacement and installation work of the later-stage roller are convenient.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Seeding device convenient to install and change cylinder, including seeding box (10), its characterized in that: the seeding box body (10) is internally provided with a roller (20), the roller (20) is fixed in the middle of a supporting shaft (21), the front end of the supporting shaft (21) is inserted and sleeved on a first bearing (22), the first bearing (22) is fixed on a first bearing seat (23), the first bearing seat (23) is fixed on the front side wall of the seeding box body (10), and a step surface at the front end of the supporting shaft (21) is pressed against the end face of the inner ring of the first bearing (22);

the rear end of the support shaft (21) is inserted and sleeved on a second bearing (24), the second bearing is fixed on a flange plate (25), and the flange plate (25) is fixed on the end face of a through hole (101) on the rear side wall of the seeding box body (10) through a plurality of first screws (26).

2. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the seeding box body (10) is sleeved and fixed with a seed bin (30), the lower end of the seed bin (30) is provided with a discharge hole (301), and the discharge hole (301) is positioned above the roller (20);

the lower end of the discharge hole (301) is fixedly provided with a discharge plate (31) which is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the discharge plate (31) is connected with the roller (20), and a gap is reserved between the lower end of the discharge plate (31) and the outer wall of the roller (20);

one side of the roller (20) far away from the discharging plate (31) is inserted and sleeved in a semicircular cylinder (32) which is arranged coaxially with the roller, and the semicircular cylinder (32) is fixed in the seeding box body (10);

a plurality of axially extending grooves (201) which are uniformly distributed on the circumference and a plurality of annular slots (202) which are linearly distributed along the axial direction are formed on the outer wall of the roller (20);

the lower end of each annular slot (202) is inserted and sleeved on a corresponding inserting plate (33), a plurality of inserting plates (33) are inserted and fixed on two sleeve rods (34) which are arranged in parallel, and two ends of each sleeve rod (34) are respectively fixed on the side wall of the seeding box body (10) through corresponding second screws (35).

3. A seeding apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: an arc-shaped plate (36) is formed on the inner wall of the semicircular cylinder (32), and a pushing arc part (361) is formed at the upper end of the arc-shaped plate (36); the outer wall of the roller (20) is abutted against the arc-shaped plate (36).

4. A seeding apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cross section of the groove (201) is in a right-angle trapezoid shape.

5. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a brush rod (41) is arranged above the roller (20), the brush rod (41) is sleeved and fixed in the middle of the synchronous rotating shaft (42), two ends of the synchronous rotating shaft (42) are respectively connected to corresponding adjusting seats (43) in a rotating mode, and the two adjusting seats (43) are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the seeding box body (10);

the rear end of the synchronous rotating shaft (42) is fixedly provided with a first chain wheel (44), the first chain wheel (44) is connected with a second chain wheel (46) through a first chain (45), the second chain wheel (46) is inserted and sleeved at the rear end of the supporting shaft (21), the front end of the supporting shaft (21) is sleeved with a third chain wheel (47), the third chain wheel (47) is connected with a fourth chain wheel (49) through a second chain (48), the fourth chain wheel (49) is fixed on a motor shaft of the motor (40), and the motor (40) is fixed in the seeding box body (10);

the second chain wheel (46), the third chain wheel (47) and the supporting shaft (21) are connected through flat keys.

6. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the first chain (45) and the second chain (48) are each provided with a chain tensioning mechanism (50).

7. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the chain tensioning mechanism (50) comprises a tensioning wheel (501), the tensioning wheel (501) is rotationally connected to one end of a rotating frame (502), the other end of the rotating frame (502) is rotationally connected to a seeding box body (10), a first hanging rod (503) is fixed in the middle of the rotating frame (502), the first hanging rod (503) is inserted into one end of a draw hook spring (504), the other end of the draw hook spring (504) is hung on a second hanging rod (505), the second hanging rod (505) is fixed to one end of a supporting plate (506), and the other end of the supporting plate (506) is rotationally connected to the seeding box body (10);

the first chain (45) and the second chain (48) are respectively hung in annular grooves of tensioning wheels (501) of corresponding chain tensioning mechanisms (50).

8. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the adjusting seat (43) comprises a second bearing (431), the end part of the synchronous rotating shaft (42) is rotationally connected to the second bearing (431) through a bearing, the second bearing (431) is fixed on the plug bush and the first moving block (432), a supporting frame (433) is arranged above the first moving block (432), and the supporting frame (433) is fixed on the seeding box body (10);

an adjusting screw (435) is connected to the supporting frame (433) in a threaded manner, a small-diameter rod (4351) is formed at the lower end of the adjusting screw (435), the small-diameter rod (4351) penetrates through the lower extending end of the second moving block (436) to be sleeved and fixed with a pin (437), and the second moving block (436) is fixed at the upper end of the first moving block (432);

two waist-shaped holes (4321) which are arranged in parallel are formed in the first moving block (432), the waist-shaped holes (4321) are inserted and sleeved on a third screw (438), and the third screw (438) is in threaded connection with the seeding box body (10).

9. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 8, wherein: an indicating mark (4322) is formed on the first moving block (432), the indicating mark (4322) faces the graduated scale (434), and the graduated scale (434) is fixed on the seeding box body (10).

10. A sowing apparatus for facilitating the installation and replacement of a drum as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the front side and the rear side of the seeding box body (10) are respectively provided with a cover body (11);

the cover body (11) is fixed on a plurality of L-shaped plate frames (13) corresponding to the cover body through a plurality of fifth screws (12), and the L-shaped plate frames (13) are fixed on the seeding box body (10);

the first chain wheel (44), the first chain (45) and the second chain wheel (46) are arranged in the cover body (11) at the rear side;

the third sprocket (47), the second chain (48) and the fourth sprocket (49) are disposed in the front cover (11).