CN116256704A - Microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method based on device model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method. Firstly, based on the physical mechanism of devices in a microwave photon link, establishing the input-output relationship of different devices to form a device model; then, according to the actual conditions of the microwave photon link, the devices are connected, so that the signal conditions at different positions in the link are analyzed; finally, according to the radio frequency input and radio frequency output conditions of the link, the rapid prediction of the radio frequency performance of the microwave photon link and the dynamic analysis of the influence on the device parameters are realized. The invention divides the transmission process of the radio frequency signal in the microwave photon link into three steps: electro-optical conversion, optical signal processing and photoelectric conversion, and dynamic design analysis of the microwave photon link is realized by adjusting device layout and device parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of microwave photon technology and radar technology.
Background
The radar modulation mode in modern battlefield is complex and changeable, and broadband and ultra-wideband radar is equipped with a large amount of equipment, and electromagnetic signals are increasingly dense. Therefore, the electronic detection radar is required to have the characteristics of large instantaneous bandwidth, high sensitivity, large dynamic range and the like, and can identify multiple signals which arrive at the same time. Aiming at the real-time reconnaissance requirement, the traditional electronic method for realizing beam scanning, analog channelizing and digital signal processing combined with each other to realize channelizing is limited by factors such as bandwidth loss leakage interference of electronic circuit devices, has lower frequency conversion efficiency in a high frequency band and larger signal noise; in addition, there is a lack of a corresponding broadband device, and the flatness of the frequency is not guaranteed. In order to meet the requirement of broadband high frequency, a phased array detection radar receiver based on a microwave photon technology is proposed, and is used for realizing the functions of light control beam forming and light channelizing, so that the phased array detection radar receiver replaces the traditional electronic method.
In the microwave photon radar, the most central part is a microwave photon link that converts a radio frequency signal into an optical signal and then demodulates the optical signal into a radio frequency signal. Unlike the traditional radio frequency link, the performance estimation of the microwave photon link and the device index allocation problem in the traditional radio frequency link are still in a perfect stage, so that the performance of the microwave photon link under the conditions of different device parameters and different device placement needs to be estimated, and a radar designer can conveniently evaluate the microwave photon radar in the design of the microwave photon radar. The microwave photon link can be divided into a direct modulation type and an external modulation type from the principle of optical modulation, and the external modulation type has more advantages in performances such as gain, noise coefficient and the like, and is widely applied to microwave photon radars.
In the externally modulated microwave photonic link, the transmission of radio frequency signals can be divided into three processes: an electro-optical conversion process of modulating an electrical signal onto an optical signal, an optical signal processing process of pure optical signal transmission, and an optical-electrical conversion process of demodulating a modulated radio frequency signal in the optical signal. Since the microwave photon link involves conversion between two types of signals, especially the main processing procedure is in the optical signal field, it is difficult to evaluate the influence of parameters of each unit device on the whole radio frequency signal transmission process, unlike the radio frequency link. Although the performance of the microwave photon link can be evaluated through the intermediate test variable, the analysis and research on the performance influence of the performance index of each device on the microwave photon link is relatively less at present, and the theory guidance and the device type selection guidance on the design of the externally-adjusted microwave link are difficult to carry out according to the requirements in the microwave photon link engineering application scene.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method, which is used for analyzing signal transmission conditions in a microwave photon link, so that the performance, link design, index allocation of devices in the link and the like of the microwave photon link are estimated preliminarily, and the design difficulty and design cost of a microwave photon radar are reduced.
The invention starts from the physical model of the devices in the microwave photon link of the electro-optical modulator, the optical device, the photoelectric detector and the like, establishes the relationship between the signal and noise conditions at the input port and the output port of each unit device, and realizes modeling of each unit device; on the basis, according to the actual radar situation, through the interconnection relation of devices in the microwave photon link, the mutual matching connection of the input port and the output port among different devices is realized, so that a signal transmission model of the whole microwave photon link is constructed; finally, parameters and connection conditions of different devices in the link are adjusted through the built microwave photon link, and influence conditions of the different devices on the whole microwave photon link are analyzed, so that device indexes can be distributed according to requirements. The technical proposal comprises:
step 1: the microwave photon link signal transmission is decomposed into three processes: electro-optical conversion, optical signal processing, and photoelectric conversion;
step 2: according to the working principle and parameters of the laser, an optical signal and an optical noise model emitted by the laser are established;
step 3: based on the working principle of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, an analysis model for modulating an electric signal to an optical signal is established by taking a radar signal received by an antenna array and processed by a radio frequency front end and the optical signal emitted by a laser as references, so that analysis of an electro-optical conversion process is realized;
step 4: according to the physical mechanism and parameters of the optical device, analyzing the transmission condition of the optical signal in the optical devices such as an optical coupler, a wavelength division multiplexer, an optical amplifier and the like, analyzing the condition of the optical signal and the optical noise output from an electro-optical modulator to the input of a photoelectric detector, and establishing a transmission model of the optical signal in the whole optical signal processing process;
step 5: according to the physical mechanism of the photoelectric detector, the conversion process from an input optical signal to an output electrical signal of the photoelectric detector is analyzed, the condition of output radio frequency noise is analyzed, and a photoelectric conversion model is established;
step 6: according to the output radio frequency signal condition and radio frequency noise condition, calculating performance indexes such as gain, noise coefficient, dynamic range and the like of the whole microwave photon link;
step 7: and according to the performance evaluation of the complete microwave photon link, adjusting the connection condition and parameters of devices in the whole microwave photon link, and analyzing the influence condition of the devices on the performance of the whole link.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) The performance of the microwave photon link can be effectively estimated according to the existing device parameters; (2) The connection and placement of devices in the microwave photon link can be adjusted according to the requirements, so that the performance condition of the complex microwave photon link is analyzed; (3) According to actual radar requirements, preliminary prediction can be formed on radar performance by adjusting device parameters and overall layout in a microwave photon link, so that index distribution of different devices is realized.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave photon link in a microwave photon radar;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the performance of a microwave photon link based on device parameters;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simple microwave photon link;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the results between the estimated link gain and the actual gain;
fig. 5 is a graph comparing the estimated link noise figure and the actual noise figure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, but the scope of the invention is not limited by examples.
The invention provides a device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method, which is characterized in that the working principles of an electro-optical modulator and a photoelectric detector are analyzed, the input-output relationship is analyzed, and a device model is established. Then, on the basis, a complete microwave photon link signal transmission model is built according to the input-output connection relation among different devices. And finally, analyzing signal transmission conditions at different positions in the microwave photon link according to parameters and connection conditions of the device. In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of signal transmission analysis, the physical model of the device is corrected by constructing a test link and performing test adjustment. As shown in fig. 1, in the microwave photonic radar, the main operation of the microwave photonic link is to process the radar radio frequency signal received from the antenna array and then transmit the processed radar radio frequency signal to a signal processing module at a later stage. In the whole processing process of the microwave photon link to the signals, the transmission of the radio frequency signals is divided into three processes: firstly, modulating a radio frequency signal onto an optical signal through electro-optical conversion, then processing the modulated optical signal through an optical link, and finally demodulating the processed optical signal into the radio frequency signal for processing at the back end.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to realize rapid prediction and index allocation of devices and whole links like radio frequency links, the invention firstly establishes an analysis model of the devices according to the physical mechanism of the devices, and constructs the relationship between input and output signals of the devices; then, according to actual conditions, different devices are connected into a complete microwave photon link, so that the whole process from input to output of radio frequency signals is analyzed through the butt joint conditions of input and output interfaces of all the devices, and further the performance of the whole microwave photon link is estimated; finally, the influence condition of the device on the whole microwave photon link is analyzed by adjusting the device parameters and the connection condition of the device in the microwave photon link, so that index distribution is facilitated for microwave photon radar designers.
In this case, the preferred embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step 1: the microwave photon link signal transmission is decomposed into three processes: electro-optical conversion, optical signal processing, and photoelectric conversion;
step 2: according to the working principle and parameters of the laser, an optical signal and an optical noise model emitted by the laser are established;
step 3: based on the working principle of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, an analysis model for modulating an electric signal to an optical signal is established by taking a radar signal received by an antenna array and processed by a radio frequency front end and the optical signal emitted by a laser as references, so that analysis of an electro-optical conversion process is realized;
step 4: according to the physical mechanism and parameters of the optical device, analyzing the transmission condition of the optical signal in the optical devices such as an optical coupler, a wavelength division multiplexer, an optical amplifier and the like, analyzing the condition of the optical signal and the optical noise output from an electro-optical modulator to the input of a photoelectric detector, and establishing a transmission model of the optical signal in the whole optical signal processing process;
step 5: according to the physical mechanism of the photoelectric detector, the conversion process from an input optical signal to an output electrical signal of the photoelectric detector is analyzed, the condition of output radio frequency noise is analyzed, and a photoelectric conversion model is established;
step 6: according to the output radio frequency signal condition and radio frequency noise condition, calculating performance indexes such as gain, noise coefficient, dynamic range and the like of the whole microwave photon link;
step 7: and according to the performance evaluation of the complete microwave photon link, adjusting the connection condition and parameters of devices in the whole microwave photon link, and analyzing the influence condition of the devices on the performance of the whole link.
Wherein, step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2-1: according to the emission power P of the laser oi And an operating frequency f oc The expression of the optical signal generated by the laser is calculated as
Wherein c is a constant, representing the conversion coefficient of the electric field;
step 2-2: according to the emission power P of the laser oi And relative noise intensity r (f oi ) Calculating the power of the optical noise generated by the laser as
P noi ＝P oi ·r(f oi ) (2)。
Step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3-1: setting the radio frequency input voltage V to which the electro-optic modulator is subjected according to the radio frequency input signal condition at the input port of the electro-optic modulator i (t)；
Step 3-2: the correlation between the output signal and the input signal of the electro-optic modulator is established according to the physical mechanism of the electro-optic modulator.
Assuming that the major and minor half axes of the index ellipsoid of the electro-optic crystal of the electro-optic modulator coincide with x 'and y', respectively, the incident light electric field is along the x direction, which is
Its components on x 'and y' are
Let the half-wave voltage of the electro-optic modulator be V π The input optical power is P, and the input radio frequency signal power is P i The input radio frequency noise power is p n The radio-frequency end resistance is R 1 Bias voltage of V 0 。
Because the input RF signal is a RF modulated signal, the RF terminal input voltage can be characterized as
Wherein w is the angular frequency of the radio frequency signal, w n Is the angular frequency of any noise portion.
After light passes through the electro-optic modulator, the electric fields on x 'and y' generate a phase difference modulated by voltage according to the characteristics of the electro-optic modulator, so that the electric fields on x 'and y' can be characterized as follows
Wherein alpha is the rotation angle of the refractive index ellipse of the electro-optic crystal after the electric field is applied, and w c Is the optical carrier frequency.
In electro-optic modulators, the polarization modulation from electro-optic crystals to amplitude modulation is typically achieved by detecting the y-direction electric field with an analyzer, thereby
The input-output relationship of the electro-optic modulator can be established according to equation (6).
Step 3-3: the optical signal at the input port of the electro-optic modulator is s oi (t) and a radio frequency voltage of V i In the case of (t), the half-wave voltage V is inserted according to the optical signal of the electro-optical modulator π Operating voltage V 0 Obtaining the output optical signal of the electro-optical modulator as
Step 3-4: according to the thermal noise power, calculating the optical noise generated by the electro-optical modulator as thermal noise P nf At this time, the output optical noise of the electro-optical modulator is
P nEO ＝P noi L+P nf (8)。
From equations (7) and (8), an analytical model of the electro-optic modulator can be built.
Step 4 comprises the steps of:
step 4-1: for the passive single-input single-output optical device i, the optical insertion loss L is based on the characteristics of the passive device i Can obtain the input optical signal s i-in (t) and output optical signal s thereof i-out (t) the relation is
And it inputs the front light noise P ni-in And output optical noise P ni-out The relation is that
Step 4-2: for the passive MIMO optical device j, based on the device parameters, the network characteristic matrix S is calculated j And thereby obtain the output optical signal s at the output channel m jm-out (t) and output optical noise P njm-out ；
Step 4-3: for the active optical device k, such as an optical amplifier, the output optical signal s is calculated according to the pumping condition and the amplification factor k-out (t) and output optical noise P nk-out 。
Step 5 comprises the steps of:
step 5-1: based on photoelectric effect of the photoelectric detector, according to conversion efficiency eta of the photoelectric detector and input optical signal s of the photoelectric detector iOE (t) calculating the output radio frequency signal of the photoelectric detector as
Step 5-2: based on photoelectric effect of the photoelectric detector, dark current I of the photoelectric detector is based on conversion efficiency eta of the photoelectric detector d And the input optical noise power P of the photodetector niOE Calculating the output radio frequency noise of the photoelectric detector as
Wherein R is the radio frequency load resistance of the photoelectric detector.
step 6-1: according to the actual link condition, connecting the devices to ensure that each interface is matched with the actual;
step 6-2: acquiring signal and noise conditions at each node in a link according to input and output calculation formulas of the electro-optical modulator, the optical device and the photoelectric detector;
step 6-3: and analyzing the output condition of the photoelectric detector and the radio frequency input condition of the electro-optical modulator to solve the key performance indexes such as gain, noise coefficient, dynamic range and the like of the whole microwave photon link.
step 7-1: observing the influence condition of the device in the link on the whole microwave photon link by adjusting index parameters of the device in the link;
step 7-2: observing the influence condition of the device on the whole microwave photon link by adjusting the position of the device in the link;
step 7-3: and performing index distribution on the device according to the influence condition of the device on the microwave photon link.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 3, a basic microwave photon link is subjected to simulation analysis, and specific parameters are as follows:
1) Laser parameters
The optical power of the laser was set from 6dBm to 15dBm with an optical frequency of 191.3THz.
2) Radio frequency input signal
The frequency of the radio frequency signal is 6-18 GHz, and the radio frequency input power is 0dBm.
3) Electro-optic modulator
Nominal half-wave voltage of photodetector is V π =6.4v, its rotation angle is α=45° according to the design habit of the electro-optic crystal; the radio frequency resistor adopts a calibration value R 1 ＝50Ω。
4) Photoelectric detector
The nominal responsivity of the photodetector is η=0.7a/W. The radio frequency resistor adopts a calibration value R 2 ＝50Ω。
The microwave photon link performance analysis result and the test result are compared as follows:
1) Gain of
During the test, the modulated laser power was from 6dBm to 15dBm, observing the overall link gain as a function of optical power. As shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the trend at all frequency points coincides with the theoretical value trend. Compared with other frequency points, the theoretical value has smaller error with the test value under the condition of 12 GHz. This is probably because the device parameters of the electro-optic modulator and the photodetector are calibrated by testing at a specific frequency of 12GHz, so that the theoretical value more closely matches the test value at this frequency.
2) Noise figure
As shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that as the optical power increases, the system noise figure decreases. This is because the optical noise is converted into radio frequency noise by a square relation, so that the influence of the optical noise is greatly reduced, and the influence of dark current of the photodetector which is basically unchanged is dominant. Thus, it can be considered that the output noise is substantially unchanged, and the supply of the optical power increases the output signal power, thereby reducing the noise figure.
Claims (5)
1. The microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method based on the device model is characterized in that:
step 1: the microwave photon link signal transmission is decomposed into three processes: electro-optical conversion, optical signal processing, and photoelectric conversion;
step 2: according to the working principle and parameters of the laser, an optical signal and an optical noise model emitted by the laser are established;
step 3: based on the working principle of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, an analysis model for modulating an electric signal to an optical signal is established by taking a radar signal received by an antenna array and processed by a radio frequency front end and the optical signal emitted by a laser as references, so that analysis of an electro-optical conversion process is realized;
step 4: according to the physical mechanism and parameters of the optical device, analyzing the transmission condition of the optical signal in the optical coupler, the wavelength division multiplexer and the optical amplifier, analyzing the condition of the optical signal and the optical noise output from the electro-optical modulator to the input of the photoelectric detector, and establishing a transmission model of the optical signal in the whole optical signal processing process;
step 5: according to the physical mechanism of the photoelectric detector, the conversion process from an input optical signal to an output electrical signal of the photoelectric detector is analyzed, the condition of output radio frequency noise is analyzed, and a photoelectric conversion model is established;
step 6: according to the output radio frequency signal condition and radio frequency noise condition, calculating the performance indexes of gain, noise coefficient and dynamic range of the whole microwave photon link;
step 7: and according to the performance evaluation of the complete microwave photon link, adjusting the connection condition and parameters of devices in the whole microwave photon link, and analyzing the influence condition of the devices on the performance of the whole link.
2. The device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 3 further includes:
step 3-1: according to the radio frequency signal condition received by antenna array and processed by radio frequency front end, creating its radio frequency voltage function V i (t)；
Step 3-2: according to the operating voltage V of Mach-Zehnder modulator 0 And a radio frequency voltage function V i (t) obtaining the voltage of the electro-optic modulator at the time t as
V(t)＝V 0 +V i (t)；
Step 3-3: based on the optical signal s generated by the laser according to the working mechanism of the Mach-Zehnder modulator oi (t) electro-optically modulated optical signal insertion loss L, half-wave voltage V π The expression of the optical signal modulated by the electro-optical modulator is obtained as follows
Step 3-4: according to the thermal noise power, calculating the optical noise generated by the electro-optical modulator as thermal noise P nf At this time, the output optical noise of the electro-optical modulator is
P nEO ＝P noi L+P nf 。
3. The device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4-1: for the passive single-input single-output optical device i, the optical insertion loss L is based on the characteristics of the passive device i Can obtain the input optical signal s i-in (t) and output optical signal s thereof i-out (t) the relation is
And it inputs the front light noise P ni-in And output optical noise P ni-out The relation is that
Step 4-2: for the passive MIMO optical device j, based on the device parameters, the network characteristic matrix S is calculated j And thereby obtain the output optical signal at output channel ms jm-out (t) and output optical noise P njm-out ；
Step 4-3: for the active optical device k, the output optical signal s is calculated according to the pumping condition and the amplification factor k-out (t) and output optical noise P nk-out 。
4. The device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 5-1: based on photoelectric effect of the photoelectric detector, according to conversion efficiency eta of the photoelectric detector and input optical signal s of the photoelectric detector iOE (t) calculating the output radio frequency signal of the photoelectric detector as
Step 5-2: based on photoelectric effect of the photoelectric detector, dark current I of the photoelectric detector is based on conversion efficiency eta of the photoelectric detector d And the input optical noise power P of the photodetector niOE Calculating the output radio frequency noise of the photoelectric detector as
Wherein R is the radio frequency load resistance of the photoelectric detector.
5. The device model-based microwave photon link signal transmission analysis method according to claim 1, wherein: the step 7 comprises the following steps:
step 7-1: according to the actual link condition, connecting the devices to ensure that each interface is matched with the actual;
step 7-2: observing the influence condition of the device in the link on the whole microwave photon link by adjusting index parameters of the device in the link;
step 7-3: observing the influence condition of the device on the whole microwave photon link by adjusting the position of the device in the link;
step 7-4: and performing index distribution on the device according to the influence condition of the device on the microwave photon link.
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