CN104330777A - Self-calibration method for receiving-transmitting channel of active phased array radar - Google Patents
Self-calibration method for receiving-transmitting channel of active phased array radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN104330777A CN104330777A CN201410687836.3A CN201410687836A CN104330777A CN 104330777 A CN104330777 A CN 104330777A CN 201410687836 A CN201410687836 A CN 201410687836A CN 104330777 A CN104330777 A CN 104330777A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-calibration method for a receiving-transmitting channel of an active phased array radar. The self-calibration method for the receiving-transmitting channel of the active phased array radar uses an input-output signal coupling circuit and uses a multi-channel power dividing circuit to combine coupling signals of a plurality of receiving-transmitting channels into one channel. The self-calibration method for the receiving-transmitting channel of the active phased array radar realizes to independently calibrate each receiving-transmitting channel online without returning to depot and also plays a role of fault locating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radar and measurement and control area, be specifically related to a kind of transceiver channel method for self-calibrating of Active Phased Array Radar.
Background technology
Active Phased Array Radar is at run duration, many reasons need to use online method for self-calibrating: after long-play, due to the impact of device self deterioration and environment, initial parameter and state generation deviation when dispatching from the factory of transceiver channel, if also continue to use the data of dispatching from the factory to be reference, the hydraulic performance decline of radar can be caused, need to recalibrate; If the indivedual transceiver channel of run duration damages, which path deterioration also needs accurately to navigate to is, just can carry out Fast-Maintenance.For above problem, normally send radar back to producer and again overhaul, the cycle of doing like this is long, and costly, and radar can not use during this period.
Therefore, for the problems referred to above existing in correlation technique, at present effective solution is not yet proposed.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem existing for above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of transceiver channel method for self-calibrating of Active Phased Array Radar, described transceiver channel comprises input and output coupled circuit and multichannel merit parallel circuit, and the method comprises:
The energy of transceiver channel input and output is coupled in calibrated channel with predetermined ratio by described input and output coupled circuit;
The coupled signal of multiple transceiver channel is merged into a road by described multichannel merit parallel circuit, is coupled to common port, and make the transmission channel of described Active Phased Array Radar, receiving cable forms a closed loop.
Preferably, comprise further:
Described input and output coupled circuit is coupled in calibrated channel with the microwave signal of the mode of Space Coupling by transceiver channel port by microstrip circuit.
Preferably, described transceiver channel self calibration comprises and carries out channel amplitude self calibration to transmission channel.
Preferably, described transmission channel is made up of the bandpass filter of connecting successively, power amplifier, attenuator, cymoscope, and describedly carries out channel amplitude self calibration to transmission channel and comprise:
Step 1: under steady temperature T0, system calibration continuous wave signal is produced by calibration source, frequency is the wherein dot frequency in channels operation frequency band, relative constancy power is P0, this calibration continuous wave signal enters cymoscope through coupling mechanism H1 and carries out amplitude inspection, deliver to rear class after signal amplitude inspection and carry out data sampling, the signal amplitude exported through obtaining cymoscope to the process of sampled data is U1; Adopt the steady temperature characteristic index benchmark for referencial use of cymoscope;
Step 2: at the temperature disclosed above, power is the main road of calibrating signal through coupling mechanism H1 of P0, bandpass filter is coupled to again by coupling mechanism H2, again by LNA, attenuator, enter cymoscope and carry out amplitude inspection, deliver to rear class after signal amplitude inspection and carry out data sampling, through can obtain the signal amplitude U2 that cymoscope exports to the process of sampled data, now obtain the difference of U2-U1, and channel gain is G;
Step 3: when temperature becomes T ' 0 from T0, repeats step 1 and 2, and obtain signal amplitude U ' 1, U ' 2 and the difference U ' 2-U ' 1 of the output of corresponding cymoscope respectively, acquisition channel gain is G ';
Step 4:, if the value of U ' 2-U ' 1 and the value of U2-U1 unequal, by the process of rear class to sampled data, system monitoring sends an error-control code, carry out the damping capacity of regulated attenuator, make the value of U ' 2-U ' 1 equal with the value of U2-U1, realize channel amplitude self calibration.
Preferably, the transport function of described cymoscope is:
V
out＝AP
in+V
0
Wherein: V
outfor the output amplitude value of cymoscope, unit mV; A is the log slope of cymoscope, unit mV/dBm; P
infor input signal power, V
0for offset voltage, the signal amplitude that system calibration signal is input to cymoscope port by different path under step 1 and step 2 two kinds of situations is equal.
The present invention compared to existing technology, has the following advantages:
Realize each transceiver channel to calibrate separately online, do not need depot repair, have fault location function concurrently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the radar transmit-receive passage according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the coupled circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the multichannel merit parallel circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of the transmission channel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of the method for self-calibrating according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Detailed description to one or more embodiment of the present invention is hereafter provided together with the accompanying drawing of the diagram principle of the invention.Describe the present invention in conjunction with such embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to any embodiment.Scope of the present invention is only defined by the claims, and the present invention contain many substitute, amendment and equivalent.Set forth many details in the following description to provide thorough understanding of the present invention.These details are provided for exemplary purposes, and also can realize the present invention according to claims without some in these details or all details.
The technical matters that the present invention solves is: for the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of transceiver channel method for self-calibrating of Active Phased Array Radar, each transceiver channel can be realized calibrate separately online, calibration data has real-time, can accurately navigate to specifically which transmitting-receiving loop simultaneously and occur fault.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of transceiver channel method for self-calibrating of Active Phased Array Radar.Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the radar transmit-receive passage according to the embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of the method for self-calibrating according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The transceiver channel of Active Phased Array Radar comprises input and output coupled circuit and multichannel merit parallel circuit.
The energy of transceiver channel input and output is coupled in calibrated channel with predetermined ratio by wherein said input and output coupled circuit.
The coupled signal of multiple transceiver channel is merged into a road by described multichannel merit parallel circuit, is coupled to common port, and make transmission channel, receiving cable forms a closed loop.
The microwave signal of transceiver channel port in the mode of Space Coupling, is coupled in calibrated channel by microstrip circuit by coupled circuit, avoids the signal loss problem being directly connected on and bringing in transceiver channel circuit.The theory diagram of circuit as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of the transmission channel according to the embodiment of the present invention.According to a further embodiment of the invention, transmission channel is made up of the bandpass filter of connecting successively, power amplifier, attenuator, cymoscope.For transmission channel, under the wide temperature environment of extraneous temperature variation, the gain of power amplifier and the insertion loss of attenuator can change because of ambient temperature change, cause the gain of whole transmission channel non-constant, by self calibration, the gain constant of whole passage can be made.
Channel amplitude self calibration is carried out to transmission channel and can adopt following four steps.
Step 1: at the temperature (T0) of a certain relative constancy, a system calibration continuous wave signal is produced by calibration source, frequency is the wherein dot frequency in channels operation frequency band, relative constancy power is P0, this signal enters cymoscope through coupling mechanism H1 and carries out amplitude inspection, deliver to rear class after signal amplitude inspection and carry out data sampling, the signal amplitude exported through obtaining cymoscope to the process of sampled data is U1.Cymoscope adopts+60 DEG C of constant temperature process, and the present invention uses its stationary temperature characteristic index benchmark for referencial use to demarcate the change of passage forward gain.
Step 2: at the temperature disclosed above, power is the main road of calibrating signal through coupling mechanism H1 of P0, bandpass filter is coupled to again by coupling mechanism H2, again by LNA, attenuator, enter cymoscope and carry out amplitude inspection, deliver to rear class after signal amplitude inspection and carry out data sampling, through can obtain the signal amplitude U2 that cymoscope exports to the process of sampled data, now obtain the difference of U2-U1, this difference is set as definite value.Now channel gain is G.
Step 3: ambient temperature is under wide temperature-30 ~+60 DEG C of conditions, in whole transmission channel, the gain of LNA and the insertion loss of attenuator all can change because of ambient temperature change, now, at a certain temperature (T ' 0), repeat step 1 and 2, obtain U ' 1, U ' 2 and U ' 2-U ' 1, now channel gain is G '.
Step 4: when temperature becomes T ' 0 from T0, whole transmission channel gain will change, thus the value of U ' 2-U ' 1 and the value of U2-U1 unequal.By the process of rear class to sampled data, system monitoring sends an error-control code, carrys out the damping capacity of regulated attenuator, makes the value of U ' 2-U ' 1 equal with the value of U2-U1.The whole transmission channel gain when extraneous variation of ambient temperature so just can be made still to keep constant, i.e. G '-G=0.Thus realize system channel amplitude self calibration.
Usually, attenuator is arranged on the moderate position of damping capacity by the present invention, like this when transmission channel gain calibration, just can increase or reduce damping capacity to reduce or to improve the gain of whole passage.Because the power of calibrating signal changes with the change of ambient temperature, it not steady state value, therefore, in a calibration process, can to take to disappear mutually the method for (i.e. U2-U1), under being taken at same environment temperature, system calibration signal is input to cymoscope by different path, the difference of two range values after amplitude inspection, i.e. relative value, and do not get absolute amplitude value to calibrate, calibrate when just making calibrate at a certain temperature in this way and the watt level of calibrating signal has nothing to do.
Because calibrating signal is single-point frequency, therefore when calibrating, the frequency bandwidth characteristics of whole transmission channel cannot correct, at this, require that the frequency bandwidth characteristics of each device is within the error allowed band of system during the device of the present invention in selector channel, thus when implementing calibration, a dot frequency in a calibration band.
For realizing transmission channel self calibration, coupling mechanism H2 is added in front end of emission by the present invention, and system calibration signal is inputted by the coupled end of coupling mechanism H2, and by whole transmission channel, system, by the process of rear class data sampling, realizes transmission channel self calibration.
The transport function of cymoscope is
V
out＝AP
in+V
0
In formula: V
outfor the output amplitude value of cymoscope, unit mV; A is the log slope of cymoscope, unit mV/dBm; P
infor input signal power, V
0for offset voltage.For accurate calibration, system calibration signal is input to the signal amplitude of cymoscope port by different path under step 1 and step 2 two kinds of situations should be equal, assuming that calibrating signal output power is 0dBm, the design coupling mechanism H1 degree of coupling is 20dB.Like this when step 1, the calibrating signal power entering cymoscope is-20dBm, assuming that transmission channel from bandpass filter to the gain of cymoscope input port be 30dB, the degree of coupling that the present invention can design coupling mechanism H2 is 50dB, just can ensure that the calibrating signal amplitude entering cymoscope input port is equal with step 1 like this when step 2, be-20dBm.Thus making when calibrated channel gain, the output amplitude of cymoscope can not be different and different (i.e. Δ U=0) because of being input to the power of cymoscope input port by different path under step 1 and step 2 two kinds of situations.The non-linear error caused of cymoscope log slope can be avoided simultaneously.
For realizing the calibration to the whole frequency bandwidth characteristics of passage, the present invention is when selecting power amplifier, its frequency bandwidth characteristics is within the error allowed band of system, power amplifier is while meeting system noise factor, gain and dynamic range index, require that gain fluctuation is less than 0.1dB in whole working band, so that when realizing calibration, system only calibrates a dot frequency just can meet system requirements.
The present invention adds attenuator after the power amplifier, and in order to the gain of up-down adjustment transmission channel, to keep the constant of whole channel gain, design attenuator minimum step is 0.1dB, and 6 Transistor-Transistor Logic levels control, and overall attenuation is 6.4dB.During calibration, be arranged on by attenuator on the position of 3.2dB decay, like this when transmission channel gain calibration, all adjustable up and down, maximum adjustable amplitude is 3.2dB (being greater than the maximum changing value of channel gain).
The present invention is when adopting above-mentioned self calibration mode to calibrate, and precondition is exactly that requirement cymoscope has constant temperature characterisitic, under wide temperature condition, utilizes cymoscope stationary temperature characteristic index benchmark for referencial use to demarcate the change of forward gain.Therefore when system channel self calibration, the cymoscope that the present invention selects is constant-temperature high-precision cymoscope, and its thermostat temperature is+60 DEG C, because it takes constant temperature measures, has again very high precision, therefore can be used as the reference data of system self-calibration.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the framework of the merit parallel circuit cascades such as the employing of this multichannel merit parallel circuit is multiple, ensures the consistance of amplitude and phase place, reduces calibration difficulty in design process.The theory diagram of circuit as shown in Figure 3.Such as one point of four merit parallel circuit is formed by the cascade of secondary one-to-two ultra broadband merit parallel circuit.Specifically, the input end of first order merit parallel circuit is as the input end of total system, and the output of first order merit parallel circuit is as the input of second level merit parallel circuit, and the output terminal of second level merit parallel circuit is as the output terminal of total system.This merit parallel circuit comprises four length and is respectively quarter-wave arm and a broadband phase inverter.
At microwave and millimeter wave wave band, the phase place of phase inverter along with the change of frequency very responsive, 180 °, phase place can not be realized turn in very wide frequency band.Turn to realize 180 °, phase place in very wide frequency band, the present invention adopts suspension strip line structure.Based on 180 ° of reverse key concepts, the broadband that be itself has implemented 180 ° by circuit structure is reverse.In 10 ~ 40GHz wide frequency ranges, suspended substrate stripline is after phase inverter, and transmission phase place is almost constant with frequency change, therefore can realize the function of broadband 180 ° of phase inverters.
From the angle reducing costs, be convenient to test, merit parallel circuit input/output terminal adopts microstrip structure, and broadband phase inverter adopts suspension strip line structure.Be transformed into suspension strip line structure from microstrip line and have to pass through Ba Lun transition.Therefore be with the advantage of line in conjunction with microstrip line and suspension, the present invention designs and adopts micro-band (input/output port)-Ba Lun (transition)-suspension band line (merit is divided) structure.Because select enough reasonably material and size that suspended mictrostrip communication mode can be made to be Quasi-TEM mode, identical with microstrip line communication mode, so do not need the transition and conversion considering communication mode.
The present invention adopts RT/duroid5880 high frequency substrate, the thick 0.254mm of substrate, and specific inductive capacity is 2.2.Suspended substrate stripline respectively installs with line the high-frequency film resistance that a resistance is 100 Ω up and down, by flip chip technology, isolation resistance cross-over connection to be arranged in phase inverter between two plated-through holes.Utilize CST software to be optimized plated-through hole, branch line and isolation resistance cross-over connection district dimensional parameters, this completes the design of multichannel merit parallel circuit.
In sum, the present invention proposes a kind of transceiver channel calibration steps, each transceiver channel can be realized and calibrate separately online, not need depot repair, have fault location function concurrently.
Obviously, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, above-mentioned of the present invention each module or each step can realize with general computing system, they can concentrate on single computing system, or be distributed on network that multiple computing system forms, alternatively, they can realize with the executable program code of computing system, thus, they can be stored and be performed by computing system within the storage system.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
Should be understood that, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention only for exemplary illustration or explain principle of the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the invention.Therefore, any amendment made when without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.In addition, claims of the present invention be intended to contain fall into claims scope and border or this scope and border equivalents in whole change and modification.
Claims (5)
1. a transceiver channel method for self-calibrating for Active Phased Array Radar, described transceiver channel comprises input and output coupled circuit and multichannel merit parallel circuit, and it is characterized in that, the method comprises:
The energy of transceiver channel input and output is coupled in calibrated channel with predetermined ratio by described input and output coupled circuit;
The coupled signal of multiple transceiver channel is merged into a road by described multichannel merit parallel circuit, is coupled to common port, and make the transmission channel of described Active Phased Array Radar, receiving cable forms a closed loop.
2. method according to claim 1, comprises further:
Described input and output coupled circuit is coupled in calibrated channel with the microwave signal of the mode of Space Coupling by transceiver channel port by microstrip circuit.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described transceiver channel self calibration comprises and carries out channel amplitude self calibration to transmission channel.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described transmission channel is made up of the bandpass filter of connecting successively, power amplifier, attenuator, cymoscope, and describedly carries out channel amplitude self calibration to transmission channel and comprise:
Step 1: under steady temperature T0, system calibration continuous wave signal is produced by calibration source, frequency is the wherein dot frequency in channels operation frequency band, relative constancy power is P0, this calibration continuous wave signal enters cymoscope through coupling mechanism H1 and carries out amplitude inspection, deliver to rear class after signal amplitude inspection and carry out data sampling, the signal amplitude exported through obtaining cymoscope to the process of sampled data is U1; Adopt the steady temperature characteristic index benchmark for referencial use of cymoscope;
Step 2: at the temperature disclosed above, power is the main road of calibrating signal through coupling mechanism H1 of P0, bandpass filter is coupled to again by coupling mechanism H2, again by LNA, attenuator, enter cymoscope and carry out amplitude inspection, deliver to rear class after signal amplitude inspection and carry out data sampling, through can obtain the signal amplitude U2 that cymoscope exports to the process of sampled data, now obtain the difference of U2-U1, and channel gain is G;
Step 3: when temperature becomes T ' 0 from T0, repeats step 1 and 2, and obtain signal amplitude U ' 1, U ' 2 and the difference U ' 2-U ' 1 of the output of corresponding cymoscope respectively, acquisition channel gain is G ';
Step 4:, if the value of U ' 2-U ' 1 and the value of U2-U1 unequal, by the process of rear class to sampled data, system monitoring sends an error-control code, carry out the damping capacity of regulated attenuator, make the value of U ' 2-U ' 1 equal with the value of U2-U1, realize channel amplitude self calibration.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the transport function of described cymoscope is:
V
out＝AP
in+V
0
Wherein: V
outfor the output amplitude value of cymoscope, unit mV; A is the log slope of cymoscope, unit mV/dBm; P
infor input signal power, V
0for offset voltage, the signal amplitude that system calibration signal is input to cymoscope port by different path under step 1 and step 2 two kinds of situations is equal.
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| CN108549058A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-09-18 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Secondary radar broadband active phased array system and dynamic calibration method thereof |
| CN108549058B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2022-05-13 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Secondary radar broadband active phased array system and dynamic calibration method thereof |
| CN110542888A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-06 | 波音公司 | self-compensating radar system |
| CN110542888B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2024-03-26 | 波音公司 | Self-compensating radar system |
| CN109787693A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-05-21 | 成都仕芯半导体有限公司 | The parameter calibrating method of multichannel phased array system interchannel |
| CN109787693B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-03-30 | 成都仕芯半导体有限公司 | Parameter calibration method between channels of multi-channel phased array system |
| CN109557519A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | A kind of extensive phased array multichannel calibration circuit based on distribution mode |
| CN111337889A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-06-26 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Receiver power calibration device and calibration method thereof |
| CN111337889B (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2022-03-29 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Receiver power calibration device and calibration method thereof |
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