CN107370471B - PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator and calibration method thereof - Google Patents

PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator and calibration method thereof Download PDF

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CN107370471B
CN107370471B CN201710511227.6A CN201710511227A CN107370471B CN 107370471 B CN107370471 B CN 107370471B CN 201710511227 A CN201710511227 A CN 201710511227A CN 107370471 B CN107370471 B CN 107370471B
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programmable
path
attenuation
relay
amplification
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CN107370471A (en
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焦志超
李维亮
张宁
邱畅
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CETC 41 Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03HIMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H11/00Networks using active elements
    • H03H11/02Multiple-port networks
    • H03H11/24Frequency-independent attenuators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03FAMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a programmable amplification/attenuator of a PCI extension for Instrumentation (PCI) bus and a calibration method thereof, belonging to the field of microwave signal conditioning.

Description

PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator and calibration method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microwave signal conditioning, and particularly relates to a PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator and a calibration method thereof.
Background
The microwave signal amplifier and the attenuator are applied to the measurement process of radio frequency and microwave signals so as to improve the dynamic range of the microwave measuring instrument. The invention aims to adopt a single 3U single-groove PXI module to simultaneously realize programmable amplification and attenuation functions in a wide frequency band range, occupy smaller volume and fewer grooves, increase the dynamic range of a microwave measuring instrument and enable the measurement of microwave signals to be more flexible and accurate.
At present, microwave signal measuring instruments are widely used, and in order to improve the dynamic range of the microwave measuring instruments, microwave signal amplifiers and attenuators are also used in the measuring process of radio frequency and microwave signals. For example, it may be combined with a signal source to increase its power, and a signal analyzer to measure smaller signals. The PXI bus test instrument is widely applied due to the characteristics of small volume and flexible collocation, and the PXI bus programmable amplifier and the attenuator matched with the PXI bus test instrument also play an important role.
The working mode of the existing PXI bus amplification and attenuation conditioning module is shown in fig. 1. The upper computer selects different kinds of programmable amplifying and attenuator modules or switch amplifying and attenuator networks according to different applications. When the application occasion changes, different amplifying and attenuating modules are replaced, and when one module cannot meet the requirement, the signal conditioning requirement is met by cascading a plurality of modules.
The prior art has the following defects:
1. the amplification and attenuation of signals are not convenient and flexible enough.
In the existing signal conditioning system, different PXI bus amplification and attenuation conditioning modules are selected according to specific function requirements. When the functions are changed, different amplification or attenuation modules need to be replaced, and when the adjustment range of a single amplification or attenuation module is not large enough, a plurality of modules need to be cascaded, so that the number of slots occupied by the amplification and attenuation modules is increased under the condition that the number of slots of the PXI chassis is constant, the hardware resources are increased, and meanwhile, the power consumption and the cost are increased.
2. The power control of the signal is not accurate enough.
In the wide frequency range of 100KHz-8GHz, the amplification and attenuation of the signal passing through the conditioning channel have large errors. And the actual amplification and attenuation of the conditioning channel in different temperature ranges are also greatly different from the set value of the user.
3. The calibration of the signal is not accurate enough.
In the general method, a programmable amplification/attenuation path adopts a single programmable amplifier or attenuator to adjust the amplitude, or two programmable amplifiers or attenuators are simply combined to finish the amplitude calibration under a single frequency point, and the amplitude calibration and the flatness compensation are not finished by two amplifiers or attenuators through reasonable distribution in a wide frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator and the calibration method thereof, which have reasonable design, overcome the defects of the prior art and have good effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a PXI bus programmable amplification/attenuator comprises a PXI interface control unit, a power management unit and a signal conditioning access unit; the PXI interface control unit, the power management unit and the signal conditioning access unit are interconnected through a circuit;
the PXI interface control unit comprises a PXI interface circuit, an FPGA control circuit and a memory; the PXI interface circuit, the FPGA control circuit and the memory are sequentially connected through a circuit;
the signal conditioning access unit comprises two input/output channels of a channel 0 and a channel 1;
the channel 0 comprises a first relay, a second relay, a programmable amplification path and a fixed attenuation path, wherein a common end formed by one end of the programmable amplification path and one end of the fixed attenuation path is connected to the first relay, and a common end formed by the other end of the programmable amplification path and the other end of the fixed attenuation path is connected to the second relay;
the channel 1 comprises a third relay, a fourth relay, a programmable attenuation access and a fixed amplification access, wherein a common end is formed by one end of the programmable attenuation access and one end of the fixed amplification access and connected to the third relay, and a common end is formed by the other end of the programmable attenuation access and the other end of the fixed amplification access and connected to the fourth relay.
Preferably, a shielding box is arranged outside the signal conditioning access unit, and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the signal conditioning access unit is arranged in the shielding box.
Preferably, the programmable amplification path of channel 0 and the fixed amplification path of channel 1 may be used in cascade.
Preferably, the fixed attenuation path of channel 0 and the programmable attenuation path of channel 1 may be used in cascade.
Preferably, the programmable amplifying path and the fixed attenuation path have a gain adjustment step of 0.5dB, and two signal paths are switched and selected through the first relay and the second relay according to different application occasions.
Preferably, the programmable attenuation path and the fixed amplification path have a gain adjustment step of 0.5dB, and two signal paths are switched and selected through the third relay and the fourth relay according to different application occasions.
Preferably, the programmable amplification path is composed of two programmable amplifiers, the programmable attenuation path is composed of two programmable attenuators, and the programmable amplification path and the programmable attenuation path are used for completing amplitude adjustment and flatness compensation in a wide frequency band.
In addition, the invention also provides an amplitude calibration method of the PXI bus programmable amplification/attenuator, which adopts a signal source and a frequency spectrometer and comprises the following steps:
step 1: judging whether to continue calibration or recalibrate after starting;
if: if the judgment result is that the calibration is continued, executing the step 2;
or if the judgment result is recalibration, executing the step 3;
step 2: reading a calibration data file;
and step 3: setting signal source output to-30 dBm;
and 4, step 4: obtaining a calibration frequency starting point f _ start;
and 5: setting the initial attenuation amount of an attenuator or the initial amplification amount of an amplifier to be d equal to 0 dBm;
step 6: setting the center frequency of a signal source and a frequency spectrograph to be f;
and 7: reading a peak value Pout of a frequency spectrograph;
and 8: storing the attenuation value of each attenuator, the frequency of a signal source and the peak value Pout of the frequency spectrograph;
and step 9: setting the center frequency of a signal source and a frequency spectrograph as f ═ f + f _ step, wherein f _ step is a calibration frequency interval;
step 10: judging whether the center frequency f is greater than f _ stop, wherein f _ stop is a termination frequency;
if: if the judgment result is that f is larger than f _ stop, executing step 11;
or if the judgment result is that f is not more than f _ stop, executing the step 6;
step 11: setting the attenuation amount of an attenuator or the amplification amount of an amplifier as d ═ d + d _ step, wherein d _ step is attenuation amount stepping or amplification amount stepping;
step 12: judging whether the attenuation or amplification d is greater than d _ stop, wherein d _ stop is the maximum attenuation or the maximum amplification;
if: if the judgment result is that the attenuation or amplification d is larger than d _ stop, quitting;
or the judgment result is that the attenuation amount or the amplification amount d is less than or equal to d _ stop, then step 6 is executed.
Preferably, in step 11, d is the sum of the attenuation amounts of the two attenuators or the amplification amounts of the two amplifiers.
And respectively calibrating the amplitude value corresponding to each gear with the same phase of the two amplifiers or attenuators and the amplitude value corresponding to each gear with the phase difference d _ step of the two amplifiers or attenuators. The method not only controls the amplitude value of a single frequency point of two amplifiers or attenuators in the programmable amplifying or attenuating channel, but also compensates the flatness in the working frequency band. And the two amplifiers or attenuators are equally distributed or differ by the amplitude control value assumed by d _ step to prevent the linearity of a certain amplifier or attenuator from being deteriorated. When two programmable amplifiers or attenuators are distributed, the set gains are respectively compared, the two amplifiers or attenuators are set to be the same value, the set gains are set to be different values, and finally the minimum value is found out to obtain a proper distribution combination.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention adopts a single 3U single-slot PXI module to simultaneously realize the maximum programmable amplification and attenuation functions of 80dB in a wide frequency band, saves hardware resources, increases the adjustment range of signal amplitude by flexible collocation and cascade of different signal conditioning channels, and calibrates the power of the channels under different temperatures and frequencies, so that the measurement of microwave signals is more flexible and accurate. Two programmable amplifiers or attenuators are adopted in a programmable amplifying or attenuating path to distribute amplitude and compensate flatness, so that amplitude adjustment in a large range and good flatness in a wide frequency band are completed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an operation mode of an amplification/attenuation conditioning module of a conventional PXI bus.
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator hardware.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a signal conditioning path.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an amplifier path cascade application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an attenuator path cascade application.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a programmable path.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of amplitude calibration for a programmable attenuation path.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
the invention is based on PXI bus transmission protocol, the module is divided into a PXI interface control unit, a power management unit and a signal conditioning access unit, and the hardware structure is shown in figure 2. And the PXI zero slot controls and monitors the signal conditioning access unit through the PXI interface and the control circuit. The PXI interface control unit is realized by an FPGA and an auxiliary circuit, and an external storage of the FPGA is used for storing calibration data.
Each input/output channel includes two signal paths. The signal conditioning path is shown in fig. 3. Channel 0 includes a programmable amplification path, a fixed attenuation path, and channel 1 includes a programmable attenuation path and a fixed amplification path. The programmable amplification and attenuation paths have 0.5dB gain adjustment step, and two signal paths are switched and selected through a relay according to different application occasions. The amplification function and the attenuation function are realized by one PXI module. In order to increase the anti-interference performance of the signal conditioning path, a shielding box is additionally arranged on the signal conditioning path. The shielding box is internally provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the signal conditioning passage. The amplitude of the signal is calibrated at different temperatures to increase the accuracy of the signal conditioning path power control.
Each signal conditioning channel can be independently applied by selecting an input/output port and a relay, and can also be applied by combining two channels so as to improve the adjusting range of the amplification and the attenuator. As shown in fig. 4, the programmable amplification path of channel 0 and the fixed amplification path of channel 1 are applied in cascade, so that the total gain of the amplifier can reach 80 dB. Also, as shown in FIG. 5, the programmable attenuator channel of channel 0 and the fixed attenuator path of channel 1 are used in cascade to achieve a total attenuation of-80 dB for the amplifier.
In order to achieve an ultra-wide frequency range and a high gain, a multi-stage amplifier/attenuator is required to widen the frequency range and increase the gain/attenuation range, as shown in fig. 6. In order to meet the requirement of impedance matching in the wide frequency band of the path, a matching mode of combining lumped parameter devices and distributed parameter devices is adopted in the signal conditioning path. Gain compensation is performed by using a suitable negative temperature coefficient variable attenuator. In order to improve the amplification and attenuation precision under different temperatures and different frequencies, the power of the path is calibrated under different temperatures and frequencies. If the programmable attenuation path gain calibration flow at a certain temperature is shown in fig. 7, the other path calibration flows are the same.
The invention adopts a single 3U single-slot PXI module to simultaneously realize the programmable amplification and attenuation functions of maximum 80dB of a wide frequency band. Compared with the mode of an amplification and attenuation module with single function or a switch amplification and attenuation network, the hardware resource is saved. The flexible collocation cascade of different signal conditioning paths increases the adjusting range of the signal amplitude, and carries out power calibration on the paths under different temperatures and frequencies, so that the measurement of the microwave signal is more flexible and accurate.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator, comprising: the system comprises a PXI interface control unit, a power management unit and a signal conditioning access unit; the PXI interface control unit, the power management unit and the signal conditioning access unit are interconnected through a circuit;
the PXI interface control unit comprises a PXI interface circuit, an FPGA control circuit and a memory; the PXI interface circuit, the FPGA control circuit and the memory are sequentially connected through a circuit;
the power management unit is configured to provide power for the PXI interface control unit and the signal conditioning access unit;
the signal conditioning access unit comprises two input/output channels of a channel 0 and a channel 1;
the channel 0 comprises a first relay, a second relay, a programmable amplification path and a fixed attenuation path, wherein a common end formed by one end of the programmable amplification path and one end of the fixed attenuation path is connected to the first relay, and a common end formed by the other end of the programmable amplification path and the other end of the fixed attenuation path is connected to the second relay;
the channel 1 comprises a third relay, a fourth relay, a programmable attenuation access and a fixed amplification access, wherein a common end is formed by one end of the programmable attenuation access and one end of the fixed amplification access and connected to the third relay, and a common end is formed by the other end of the programmable attenuation access and the other end of the fixed amplification access and connected to the fourth relay.
2. The PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator of claim 1, wherein: and a shielding box is arranged outside the signal conditioning access unit, and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the signal conditioning access unit is arranged in the shielding box.
3. The PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator of claim 1, wherein: the programmable amplification path of channel 0 and the fixed amplification path of channel 1 may be used in cascade.
4. The PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator of claim 1, wherein: the fixed attenuation path of channel 0 and the programmable attenuation path of channel 1 may be used in cascade.
5. The PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator of claim 1, wherein: the programmable amplification path and the fixed attenuation path have 0.5dB gain adjustment stepping, and two signal paths are switched and selected through the first relay and the second relay according to different application occasions.
6. The PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator of claim 1, wherein: the programmable attenuation path and the fixed amplification path have 0.5dB gain adjustment stepping, and two signal paths are switched and selected through the third relay and the fourth relay according to different application occasions.
7. The PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator of claim 1, wherein: the programmable amplifying path consists of two programmable amplifiers, the programmable attenuation path consists of two programmable attenuators, and the programmable amplifying path and the programmable attenuation path are used for completing amplitude adjustment and flatness compensation in a wide frequency band.
CN201710511227.6A 2017-06-29 2017-06-29 PXI bus programmable amplifier/attenuator and calibration method thereof Active CN107370471B (en)

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CN108717987B (en) * 2018-06-14 2020-11-17 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 PXI bus step attenuator
CN109714118A (en) * 2019-02-13 2019-05-03 南京迅测科技有限公司 The system and method for calibration of power processing are realized for the outfield 5G panoramic receiver

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