CN116253805B - 一种多肽、水凝胶和用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,公开了一种多肽,所述多肽为如下任一种:(I)、如SEQ IDNo.1所示的氨基酸序列;或(II)、(I)所示序列中缺失、取代或添加1个或2个氨基酸而得的氨基酸序列,且与(I)所述的氨基酸序列功能相同的氨基酸序列;(I)和/或(II)所示的氨基酸序列中至少一个氨基酸为D型氨基酸。本发明实现肿瘤细胞的杀灭的原理在于:通过自组装多肽在溶酶体内聚集形成纳米纤维,通过溶胀的作用破坏溶酶体膜的通透性;实现该原理需要多肽具有部分正电荷、能够在溶酶体内富集的功能、能够不被轻易的被溶酶体内的酶分解。经过反复筛选,得到本发明的多肽。同时,本发明还提供了该多肽的用途以及水凝胶。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种多肽、水凝胶和用途。
背景技术
癌症死亡原因的50%~60%为肿瘤多药耐药(multidrug resistance,MDR)所致,虽然纳米药物载体在抗肿瘤治疗方面已取得许多重大发现,但目前仍存在静脉给药大部分在肝、脾等脏器积累、肿瘤靶向性差等现状。有研究证实,纤维形载体可明显减少纳米载体的肝、脾积累,延长其体内循环时间。
多肽本身是由一些天然氨基酸组成,其暴露的氨基,羧基,巯基易于修饰,自可组装形成纳米纤维,因其良好的生物相容性、易于合成、可降解等优点在生物医学研究领域受到的广泛关注,具有良好的应用前景,已被用做三维细胞培养基质、组织工程以及药物的缓控释载体,抗肿瘤治疗等。
天然氨基酸一般为L型,而生物体内存在大量的蛋白酶,可以识别并降解由天然的L构型氨基酸所组成的多肽和蛋白,因此会造成由L构型氨基酸在体内容易降解,稳定性差,导致了L型多肽应用具有一定的局限性。部分科研工作者已将L型氨基酸替换为D型氨基酸,从而抵抗体内蛋白酶降解,已用于构建能够有效抵制体内蛋白酶降解和实现体内药物缓释的生物医用材料。例如,Xu课题组已经开发了D型氨基酸的水凝胶,与相应的L构型的水凝胶相比,在大鼠腹腔注射后持久的释放,表现出更好的抗肿瘤疗效。
CN115252819A公开了一种碱性磷酸酶响应兼具主动靶向型的自组装神经肽Y类似肽复合物及其制备方法和应用。该发明所提供的L型和/或D型磷酸基团修饰的碱性磷酸酶响应兼具主动靶向型自组装神经肽Y类似肽复合物,具有肿瘤靶向治疗效果,通过改造现有抗癌纳米制剂,通过配体的优化提高了靶向分子体内的稳定性,以及对肿瘤组织的选择性,实现了药物的定向输送、逐步释放,改善了药物的代谢动力学和理化性质,降低了药物的毒副作用;
其说明书记载:传统多肽配体具有低毒性、低免疫原性、高组织渗透性和易合成修饰等优势,但是作为成像或治疗剂的靶向分子,多肽配体必须保持稳定并具有与受体结合的活性。不稳定的配体可能会导致药物输送系统脱靶。多肽通常对酶促微环境(例如在血液循环和溶酶体中)敏感,并且易于降解,这严重限制了其在靶向药物递送中的应用。使用非天然氨基酸作为构建基来设计稳定肽的有用方法。
D型多肽是天然L型多肽的对映异构体,不易被体内酶降解,且D型多肽由于空间立体结构的优势,能够实现形成更为稳定的自组装体。多肽在体内循环时易被体内酶降解而D型多肽由于空间立体结构的优势,能够实现更为稳定的自组装。当磷酸化修饰多肽后,修饰的多肽在肿瘤部位遇到碱性磷酸酶,会发生去磷酸化,进行自组装,形成纳米纤维,提高肿瘤的治疗效率。
由此可见,多肽的构型的变化可使多肽不易在细胞内被酶解。
多肽在溶酶体富集或减少富集从理论上来说,都可以达到抑制肿瘤的目的,但是两者是完全不同的策略。
策略1:通过溶酶体对多肽进行降解,实现作用于肿瘤的有效成分能够进入到细胞,达到杀灭肿瘤细胞的目的。
具体可见:WO2021068890A1的背景技术记载:
ADC药物发挥作用需要抗体与细胞表面抗原特异性识别并结合,然后通过抗原介导的方式发生内吞。当ADC药物内化进入细胞后,理想的ADC药物会通过内涵体-溶酶体胞内途径释放出细胞毒性小分子药物,然后细胞毒性小分子药物到达作用靶标(常见的有微管蛋白和DNA)发挥作用并且引发细胞死亡;
ADC药物能否有效内化并进入溶酶体对其发挥药效至关重要。只有当ADC药物经溶酶体降解并释放出细胞毒性小分子,通过细胞毒性小分子与靶标(常见的有微管蛋白和DNA)相互作用,最终才能达到有效杀死肿瘤细胞的效果。
策略2:避免进入到溶酶体内被分解,可见如下对比文件:
CN113880913A公开了一种新型脑靶向穿膜肽及其在脂质体中的应用。本发明提出了一种与血脑屏障上乙酰胆碱受体有强结合能力的脑靶向多肽,将其命名为RVGP;在此基础上,发明了一种新型脑靶向穿膜肽,将其命名为PTB;以及PTB在递药系统中的应用,包括但不限于脂质体递药系统。在PTB修饰的脂质体递药系统中,PTB最优密度分别为2%,偶联PTB的聚乙二醇分子量为2000Da~5000Da,优选3400Da。本发明所提出的新型脑靶向穿膜肽具有全新的小窝蛋白和受体介导的细胞内化机制和内质网转运途径,有效避开了溶酶体途径的降解,在中枢神经系统疾病,尤其脑胶质瘤治疗的药物中具有光明的应用前景。
策略3:通过在溶酶体内聚集,通过溶酶体的组织蛋白酶水解多肽,实现小分子多肽对于肿瘤细胞的溶酶体的灭活和发光,实现肿瘤细胞的杀灭和标识。
如CN113429461B公开了一种具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质的多肽胶束型诊断试剂AGPR及其在近红外区域生物成像中的应用。所述诊断试剂AGPR是由两亲性小分子功能肽ACBT-GGFLG-PEGn-R8GD,4≤n≤20,在水溶液中自组装形成的球型多肽胶束。本发明设计合成的新型AIEgen化合物ACBT是线性D-A-A分子,其发射峰值位于近红外一区,本发明进一步用多功能嵌合肽GGFLG-PEG8-R8GD对该ACBT分子进行改性,实现AIEgen分子(ACBT)高效富集于肿瘤部位,并在富含Cathepsin B的细胞溶酶体/内涵体中具有明显增强的荧光强度,成像效果优异,因此有望应用于肿瘤细胞特异性示踪。
其说明书记载:所述功能嵌合肽GGFLG-PEG8-R8GD是由四种功能性多肽序列构成,分别为能与肿瘤细胞发生特异性粘附的肿瘤靶向肽序列RGD,能快速跨膜进入细胞的细胞穿膜肽序列R8,容易被溶酶体中组织蛋白酶(Cathepsin B)水解断裂的酶敏感性多肽序列GGFLG,及亲水性聚乙二醇(PEG),赋予了聚集诱导发光多肽胶束型诊断试剂较好的水溶性、主动靶向肿瘤细胞、快速穿膜进入细胞以及酶刺激响应性四种不同功能。
如WO2021068890A1公开了一种溶酶体靶向的抗体-药物偶联物及其应用,所述抗体-药物偶联物的结构为Dr n1AbO n2;其中,Dr为药物,Ab为抗体,O为溶酶体靶向型小分子或用于增加所述抗体-药物偶联物的溶酶体靶向能力的功能性多肽;n1、n2为大于或等于1的整数,n1和n2相同或不同;
该技术通过溶酶体靶向型小分子或功能性多肽对抗体-药物偶联物中的抗体部分进行修饰,提供了一种简单且具有普适性用于引导抗体-药物偶联物进入溶酶体从而有效释放细胞毒小分子的方法,能成为提高ADC药物疗效的独特且高效的策略,以提高抗体-药物偶联物在溶酶体内的富集、增强抗体-药物偶联物的细胞内化能力、提高抗体-药物偶联物的内化速率以及溶酶体富集程度,从而提高了抗体-药物偶联物的治疗效果。
所以,本案解决的技术问题是:如何通过研发一种新的方向,实现多肽对于肿瘤细胞的靶向杀灭和控制。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种多肽,该多肽具有正电荷,可能有助于它们与带负电荷的癌细胞膜的相互作用有利于进入细胞,提高了细胞摄取效率;本发明设计的多肽可以选择性的在溶酶体内富集并且破坏溶酶体,发挥抑制肿瘤细胞生长的效果;本发明的多肽经过构型转换,在溶酶体内可避免被过快降解,提高肿瘤杀灭效果。
综合来说,实现肿瘤细胞的杀灭的原理在于:通过自组装多肽在溶酶体内形成自组装凝胶,通过溶胀的作用破坏溶酶体;实现该原理需要多肽具有部分正电荷、能够富集在溶酶体内的功能、能够不被轻易的被溶酶体内的酶分解。
经过反复筛选,得到本发明的多肽。
同时,本发明还提供了该多肽的用途以及水凝胶。
为达到此发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种多肽,所述多肽为如下任一种:
(I)、如SEQ ID No.1所示的氨基酸序列;
或
(II)、(I)所示序列中缺失、取代或添加1个或2个氨基酸而得的氨基酸序列,且与(I)所述的氨基酸序列功能相同的氨基酸序列;
(I)和/或(II)所示的氨基酸序列中至少一个氨基酸为D型氨基酸。
在上述的多肽中,所述(I)和/或(II)所示的氨基酸序列由自组装多肽、穿膜肽连接形成;
所述自组装多肽和/或穿膜肽中所有的氨基酸均为D型氨基酸。
在上述的多肽中,所述多肽经PEG修饰、脂肪酸修饰、RGD修饰;
所述脂肪酸优选为C12或C18的脂肪酸。
同时,本发明还公开了一种水凝胶,含有如上任一所述的多肽。
最后,本发明还公开了上述任一所述的多肽作为抗肿瘤药物的活性成分的用途。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的多肽具有正电荷,可能有助于它们与带负电荷的癌细胞膜的相互作用有利于进入细胞,提高了细胞摄取效率;本发明设计的多肽可以选择性的在溶酶体内富集并且破坏溶酶体,发挥抑制肿瘤细胞生长的效果;本发明的多肽经过构型转换,在溶酶体内可避免被过快降解,提高肿瘤杀灭效果。
综合来说,实现肿瘤细胞的杀灭的原理在于:通过自组装多肽在溶酶体内形成自组装凝胶,通过溶胀的作用破坏溶酶体;实现该原理需要多肽具有部分正电荷、能够富集在溶酶体内的功能、能够不被轻易的被溶酶体内的酶分解。
经过反复筛选,得到本发明的多肽。该多肽具有良好的生物相容性,能自组装形成水凝胶,抵抗一些蛋白酶的降解,提高了多肽的稳定性,持续的发挥抗肿瘤作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1提供的多肽序列和分子结构图;
图2A为含WLL的水凝胶的电镜图;
图2B为含WDL的水凝胶的电镜图;
图2C为含WDD的水凝胶的电镜图
图3A为本发明的不同的多肽在不同频率下的储能模量和损耗模量图表;
图3B为本发明的不同的多肽的稳定性图表;
图4A为多肽WLL的细胞毒性;
图4B为多肽WDL的细胞毒性;
图4C为多肽WDD的细胞毒性;
图5A为细胞对不同多肽摄取和细胞核的染色结果照片;
图5B为不同多肽在细胞内与溶酶体的定位图;
图5C为不同多肽的细胞摄取率的对比图表;
图6A为为多肽处理后吖啶橙染色的照片;
图6B为不同多肽对于细胞的坏死/凋亡的影响图表。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1
通过固相合成法合成多肽药物分子,氨基酸序列为分别为:
NapFFKLV-RRVR(简称WLL)
Napffklv-RRVR(简称WDL)
Napffklv-rrvr(简称WDD);
上述三组多肽的具体分子结构可见图1;
备注:FFKLV:代表该自组装多肽全部为L型氨基酸;
RRVR:代表该穿膜肽全部为L型氨基酸;
ffklv:代表该自组装多肽全部为D型氨基酸;
rrvr:代表该穿膜肽全部为D型氨基酸。
利用二氯树脂为载体进行合成,将所需的氨基酸计算称量溶解后放入合成瓶,按照全自动合成仪器的操作进行设置合成,取出树脂切割、沉淀后得到多肽粗品。通过高效液相色谱仪进行纯化及冻干即可得到相应的多肽药物冻干粉。
该多肽中构型为关键影响因素,能够促进多肽进入细胞,从而更好的发挥抗肿瘤作用,该多肽具有潜在的应用价值。
实施例2
制备多肽水凝胶及其表征的方法:
称取2mg的多肽如实施例1所示的多肽成品,加入100μL的纯水,得到多肽水溶液,再加入100μL的PBS(2X),放于37℃即可形成水凝胶,此为1wt%的水凝胶。
将形成的水凝胶利用透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscopy,TEM)检测,结果表明其是一种纳米级的纤维结构,具体参考附图2A,图2B,图2C;
其中图2A代表含WLL的水凝胶的电镜图;图2B代表含WDL的水凝胶的电镜图;图2C代表含WDD的水凝胶的电镜图。
通过图2可见,三者的纤维区别均可以形成纳米纤维,无明显差别。
实施例3
利用流变仪进行时间扫描,验证其稳定性。称量2mg的多肽WDD,WDL,WLL冻干粉,加入100μL的纯水(1wt%),进行超声溶解,得到多肽水溶液;冰浴30min后再加入100μL的PBS(2X),混合均匀后,迅速转移到流变仪的平台。设定参数:平台温度设定在37℃,间隙为0.5mm,时间一般设定为3h,频率为6rad/s,应变为0.2%,横坐标为频率,纵坐标G’为储能模量和G”损耗模量,发现构型不同也在一定程度上影响了胶的粘弹性(附图3A,图3A中G’代表储存模量,G”代表损耗模量);进一步测定其稳定性,结果表明由D型氨基酸合成的WDD其稳定高,而L型和D型氨基酸混合合成多肽WDL的稳定性次之,由L型氨基酸合成的多肽WLL稳定性最差(附图3B,图3B中Comp.remained代表化合物随时间变化剩余的量)。
实施例4
细胞毒性的测定:
将多肽WDD,WDL,WLL配置成40mM的母液,对其进行梯度稀释后,加入到提前铺好HCT116,HeLa,A549,HepG2细胞的96孔板中,每孔100μL,每个浓度三个复孔,处理时间分别是3天,后用MTT在572nm处测定OD值,得出的数值经过计算。
结果发现多肽WDD毒性显著增加(附图4A,图4B,图4C;其中图4A代表WLL的细胞毒性;图4B代表WDL的细胞毒性;图4C代表WDD的细胞毒性;其中,Cell Viability代表细胞存活率,Concentration代表多肽浓度)。
实施例5
细胞摄取率的测定:
通过超分辨共聚焦显微镜对细胞摄取进行定性分析,将多肽WDD,WDL,WLL进行荧光标记,使荧光肽和细胞孵育不同的时间,对细胞核进行染色,通过共定位发现,多肽WDD的细胞摄取率最高,而WLL几乎没有进入细胞(附图5A),并且随着时间增加,细胞内多肽WDL的含量增加,24h内多肽WLL其摄取效率远远低于多肽WDD(附图5A)。通过荧光共聚焦研究多肽进入细胞内的定位,结果发现多肽进入细胞后主要在溶酶体内聚集(附图5B)。通过流式细胞仪进行定量分析,发现24h后多肽WDL的细胞摄取率是多肽WLL的158.3倍,多肽WDD的细胞摄取率是多肽WLL的541.9倍(附图5C,Normalized Mean Fl.代表以WLL进行归一化后的平均荧光强度),这一结果进一步证实了多肽的构型会影响细胞摄取率。
实施例6
多肽WDD,WDL抗肿瘤机理的验证:
通过溶酶体染料验证多肽对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力,将多肽WDD,WDL浓度提高到200μM和400μM处理HCT116细胞2h后,对溶酶体进行染色,发现200μM的多肽WDD能在溶酶体内富集并且破坏溶酶体的膜通透性,而200μM的多肽WDL对溶酶体的影响低一些(参考附图6A)。
通过流式细胞仪对细胞的坏死/凋亡进行定量分析:将多肽WDD,WDL分别处理细胞6h和12h,利用PI和Annexin V FITC对细胞进行染色,结果可知多肽WDD对肿瘤细胞的影响最大(参考附图6B,Annexin V FITC代表将Annexin进行荧光素FITC标记,PI代表碘化丙啶是一种核酸染料),统计发现多肽WDD对肿瘤细胞早期凋亡,晚期凋亡或坏死影响较大。
结果表明多肽WDD,WDL能够增加细胞的摄取率,破坏溶酶体功能,具有一定的抑制细胞生长的药效。但是药效有待进一步优化,具有一定的研究应用价值。
Claims (3)
1.一种多肽,其特征在于,所述多肽的氨基酸序列为NapFFKLV-RRVR;所述多肽包括自组装多肽和穿膜肽;所述自组装多肽的氨基酸序列为FFKLV;所述穿膜肽的氨基酸序列为RRVR;
所述自组装多肽的氨基酸全部为D型氨基酸;
所述穿膜肽的氨基酸全部为D型氨基酸或全部为L型氨基酸。
2.一种水凝胶,其特征在于,含有如权利要求1所述的多肽。
3.采用权利要求1所述的多肽制备抗肿瘤药物的用途。
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