CN116240458B - High-grade non-oriented electrical steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-grade non-oriented electrical steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116240458B CN116240458B CN202310016155.3A CN202310016155A CN116240458B CN 116240458 B CN116240458 B CN 116240458B CN 202310016155 A CN202310016155 A CN 202310016155A CN 116240458 B CN116240458 B CN 116240458B
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- 229910000565 Non-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-grade non-oriented electrical steel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: casting the raw materials into ingots, forging the ingots into forging stock at 900-1200 ℃, hot rolling at 1000-1050 ℃, wherein the deformation of each pass is 12-20%, the total rolling pass is 6-8 times, obtaining a hot rolled plate, pickling, carrying out repeated cold rolling for multiple times, obtaining a cold rolled plate, and annealing for 3-10min at 900-1000 ℃ to obtain the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel. According to the invention, aiming at the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel, the rolling process parameters and the annealing treatment parameters are regulated, the approximately equiaxial crystal hot rolled structure with the average grain size of 150-400 mu m and micro deformation is obtained after hot rolling, the normalizing treatment procedure is omitted for subsequent processing, and the annealing structure with the average grain size of 90-160 mu m is obtained after cold rolling and annealing treatment, so that the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel with low iron loss and high magnetic induction is prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical steel preparation, in particular to high-grade non-oriented electrical steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
High-grade non-oriented electrical steel is currently mainly used as an iron core material of motors and generators due to its excellent soft magnetic properties. In the service process, due to heating, vibration and other reasons, the electrical steel can consume certain electric energy, so that the iron loss is reduced, and the improvement of the magnetic induction intensity is beneficial to saving energy. Generally, the sum of the silicon and aluminum content of the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel is more than 3.0wt%, the electrical steel realizes iron loss reduction by increasing the resistance of the electrical steel, and the magnetic induction intensity can be improved while the iron loss is reduced by optimizing the processing technology and regulating the structure texture, so that the magnetic performance of the electrical steel is improved. The initial structure before cold rolling has a remarkable effect on the tissue texture evolution in the subsequent processing process, and the normalizing treatment is a simple and effective method for changing the structure before cold rolling through recrystallization, so that the method is commonly used for regulating and controlling the initial structure and optimizing the magnetic performance. The structure with coarse grains is subject to cold rolling to form shear bands that provide nucleation sites for recrystallization of the beneficially oriented grains in a subsequent annealing process, ultimately optimizing magnetic properties by improving texture in the finished sheet. However, the normalizing treatment causes the increase of processing cost, the process flow is simplified on the premise of not deteriorating the magnetic performance, and the normalizing treatment is avoided, and meanwhile, the deterioration of the magnetic performance is avoided, so that the method has important significance for saving the preparation cost of the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel.
The patent CN104404396A discloses a non-oriented silicon steel with high magnetic induction and a production method by using a sheet billet, wherein the alloy components in the method mainly comprise 0.1-1.0 wt% of Si and 0.01-0.15 wt% of Sn and Sb, and the silicon steel with the thickness of 0.50mm and B 50≥1.78T、P15/50 less than or equal to 5.0W/kg is produced by the combination of Sn and Sb, the reduction of the heating temperature of a casting blank and the selection of the curling temperature of a steel coil. The patent omits the normalizing treatment, but the product is mainly concentrated in low-grade silicon steel. In addition, the high-grade silicon steel has high silicon content, the deformation resistance of the blank in the processing process is high, the heating temperature of the casting blank is reduced after Sn and Sb are added, the subsequent processing difficulty is increased, the equipment requirement is higher, and the control of the plate shape is not facilitated. Therefore, the method is not suitable for the production of the silicon steel with low iron loss, high magnetic induction and high grade. Patent CN114990308A discloses a production method of non-oriented silicon steel with high grade (the sum of Si and Als is not less than 3.0 wt%) without normalizing, in the method, the material is subjected to smelting, continuous casting, rough rolling, finish rolling, primary cold rolling, annealing treatment and crimping after rolling to intermediate thickness, and finally the product is rolled to the thickness through secondary cold rolling, wherein the magnetic property iron loss of the obtained finished product is not more than 14.5W/kg, and B 50 is not less than 1.65T. Although the method omits the normalizing treatment after hot rolling, the cold rolling is divided into two steps, and the annealing treatment is introduced between the two cold rolling steps, so that the rolling process is complicated, and the production cost is increased.
In conclusion, as the silicon content in the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel is increased, the processing difficulty is high, and the preparation method for reducing the heating temperature of the casting blank by adding Sn and Sb and avoiding the normalizing treatment can further improve the processing difficulty and has higher requirements on the equipment performance, so that the method is not suitable for preparing the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel. And the introduction of the normalizing treatment to regulate and control the hot rolling structure or the improvement of the magnetic property of the finished product by secondary cold rolling leads to the increase of cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and providing a preparation method of high-grade non-oriented electrical steel.
The invention also aims to provide the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the preparation method.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of high-grade non-oriented electrical steel comprises the following steps:
1. smelting: fully mixing raw materials and casting into ingots; the cast ingot comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si:3.0 to 4.0 percent, mn is less than or equal to 0.017 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.0030 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.0090 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.0090 percent, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities;
2. Forging: forging the cast ingot in the step1 into a forging stock at 900-1200 ℃;
3. and (3) hot rolling: hot rolling the forging stock in the step 2 at the temperature of 1000-1050 ℃, wherein the deformation of each pass is 12-20%, and the total rolling pass is 6-8 times, so as to obtain a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 mm;
4. cold rolling: repeatedly cold-rolling the pickled hot-rolled plate for multiple times to obtain a cold-rolled plate with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm;
5. annealing: annealing at 900-1000 ℃ for 3-10min to obtain the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel.
Preferably, the temperature of the cast ingot in step 1 is 1450-1550 ℃.
Preferably, the forging in the step 2 adopts a free forging mode to repeatedly upsetting and drawing.
Preferably, the thickness of the forging stock in the step 2 is 20-30mm.
Preferably, in the hot rolling process in the step 3, the forging stock is subjected to hot rolling after being kept in a heating furnace at 1000-1050 ℃ for 20-40min, and the hot rolling is performed by furnace returning and heat preservation for 5-10min for each two passes of rolling.
Preferably, the acid washing in step 4 adopts hydrochloric acid solution.
Preferably, the temperature of the cold rolling in the step 4 is room temperature.
Preferably, the cold rolling in step 4 is: the deformation of the first cold rolling is more than or equal to 20%, and then the deformation of each pass is 5-15% after repeated cold rolling for multiple passes.
Preferably, the annealing treatment in step 5 is performed under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere.
The high-grade non-oriented electrical steel is prepared by the preparation method.
The hot rolling temperature is required to be kept at a higher temperature, on the one hand, because the deformation resistance of the high-grade electrical steel is high, the requirement on equipment in the processing process is higher, and the deformation resistance in the hot processing process can be obviously reduced at a high temperature; on the other hand, the hot rolling temperature is kept above the recrystallization temperature, and reasonable pass reduction is combined, so that the hot rolling structure is regulated and controlled to obtain micro-deformation large-size equiaxed crystals, and the proper average grain size is an important factor for improving the magnetic performance, so that the method has important significance for optimizing the texture in the subsequent processing process. The hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal, and the grain size is 150-400 mu m. After annealing treatment, the initial cold-rolled structure disappears, and the initial cold-rolled structure is completely recrystallized, wherein the average grain size is 90-160 mu m. The iron loss value P 15/50≤3.0W/kg,P10/400 of the finished electrical steel plate is less than or equal to 19W/kg, and the magnetic induction intensity B 50 is more than or equal to 1.67T.
It should be noted that the steps in the process are integrated, for example, the rolling process parameters and the annealing process parameters need to be combined within a reasonable range, and the grain size of the hot rolled sheet and the annealing structure of the cold rolled sheet both affect the magnetic properties of the final product.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The preparation process of the invention is aimed at high-grade non-oriented electrical steel, and the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel with low iron loss and high magnetic induction is prepared by adjusting hot rolling process parameters and annealing process parameters, obtaining a nearly equiaxial crystal hot rolled structure with micro deformation after hot rolling, omitting a normalizing process for subsequent processing, and obtaining an annealing structure with the average crystal grain size of 90-160 mu m after cold rolling and annealing. The process is implemented for the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel, solves the problem that the prior high-grade non-oriented electrical steel needs to be subjected to complicated process flows such as normalizing or secondary cold rolling after hot rolling, simplifies the preparation process, and reduces the cost.
2. The Si element is adopted, so that lower iron loss and higher magnetic performance can be realized without adding other elements, and the raw material cost of the non-oriented electrical steel is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a golden phase diagram of a hot rolled structure of a hot rolled sheet in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials according to a proportion, heating to 1500 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 3.0% of Si, 0.016% of Mn, 0.0029% of S, 0.0085% of P, 0.0080% of C, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the machining range of 900-1000 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: the forging stock is subjected to hot rolling after being subjected to heat preservation for 30min in a heating furnace at 1000 ℃, and is subjected to furnace return heat preservation for 10min in each rolling two passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is about 13%, the total rolling pass is 7 times, and the thickness of a finally obtained hot rolled plate is 1.6mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal with the grain size of 152 mu m (figure 1) detected by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 9%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.27 mm;
(5) Annealing: and (3) carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 5min, so as to obtain the finished electrical steel sheet. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared, completely recrystallized, and the average grain size was 115 μm as measured by Axio Image A2m optical microscope. The finished product has good magnetic performance, and P 15/50＝2.986W/kg,P10/400＝18.797W/kg,B50 =1.673T.
Example 2
(1) Smelting: fully mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, heating to 1450 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 3.5% Si, 0.014% Mn, 0.0025% S, 0.0072% P, 0.0050% C, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the machining range of 900-1100 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock after heat preservation for 40min in a heating furnace at 1000 ℃, carrying out furnace return heat preservation for 10min in each rolling for two passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 15%, the total rolling passes are 6 times, and the thickness of the finally obtained hot rolled plate is 2.0mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal with the grain size of 161 mu m detected by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 15%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.2 mm;
(5) Annealing: and carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 900 ℃, and the annealing time is 10min, so as to obtain the finished electrical steel sheet. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared, completely recrystallized, with an average grain size of 125 μm, as optically detected by Axio Image A2 m. The finished product has good magnetic performance, and P 15/50＝2.881W/kg,P10/400＝18.374W/kg,B50 = 1.679T.
Example 3
(1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials according to a proportion, heating to 1550 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 4.0% of Si, 0.016% of Mn, 0.0028% of S, 0.0081% of P, 0.0061% of C, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the processing range of 1100-1200 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by a mode of repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock after the forging stock is kept warm for 20min in a heating furnace at 1050 ℃, carrying out furnace returning and heat preservation for 10min in each rolling two passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 15%, the total rolling passes are 6 times, and the thickness of the finally obtained hot rolled plate is 2.2mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal, and the grain size is 158 mu m, detected by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 5%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.3 mm;
(5) Annealing: and (3) carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 10min, so as to obtain the electrical steel. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared and completely recrystallized as measured by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope, and the average grain size was 152.5 μm. The finished product has good magnetic performance, and P 15/50＝2.382W/kg,P10/400＝15.328W/kg,B50 = 1.674T.
Comparative example 1
(1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials according to a proportion, heating to 1500 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 3.0% of Si, 0.016% of Mn, 0.0029% of S, 0.0085% of P, 0.0080% of C, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the machining range of 900-1000 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: the forging stock is subjected to hot rolling after being kept warm for 30min in a heating furnace at 1000 ℃, is subjected to furnace return and heat preservation for 10min after being rolled for 2 times, is subjected to rolling for 2 times, is subjected to total rolling for 4 times, and has the deformation of 23% in each time, and finally the thickness of the obtained hot rolled plate is 1.6mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is layered, coarse and elongated grains are arranged in the middle of the hot rolled plate, and fine equiaxed crystals with the average grain size of about 10 mu m are arranged on the surface layer of the hot rolled plate through detection of an Axio Image A2m optical microscope;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 9%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.27 mm;
(5) Annealing: and (3) carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 5min, so as to obtain the electrical steel. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared as measured by Axio Image A2m optical microscope, and the average grain size was 153 μm. Finished product P 15/50＝3.745W/kg,P10/400＝21.120W/kg,B50 = 1.625T.
Comparative example 2
(1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials according to a proportion, heating to 1500 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 3.0% of Si, 0.016% of Mn, 0.0029% of S, 0.0085% of P, 0.0080% of C, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the machining range of 900-1000 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock after the forging stock is kept warm for 30min in a heating furnace at 800 ℃, carrying out furnace return heat preservation for 10min in each rolling for two passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 18%, the total rolling pass is 5 times, and the thickness of the finally obtained hot rolled plate is 1.6mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal detected by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope, and the average grain size is 101 mu m;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 9%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.27 mm;
(5) Annealing: and (3) carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 5min, so as to obtain the electrical steel. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared as measured by Axio Image A2m optical microscope, and the average grain size was 155 μm. Finished product P 15/50＝3.230W/kg,P10/400＝18.816W/kg,B50 = 1.669T.
Comparative example 3
(1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials according to a proportion, heating to 1500 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 3.0% of Si, 0.016% of Mn, 0.0029% of S, 0.0085% of P, 0.0080% of C, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the machining range of 900-1000 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock after the forging stock is kept warm for 30min in a heating furnace at 800 ℃, carrying out furnace return heat preservation for 10min in each rolling for two passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 13%, the total rolling pass is 7 times, and the thickness of the finally obtained hot rolled plate is 1.6mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal, and the grain size is 121 mu m, detected by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 10%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.27 mm;
(5) Annealing: and (3) carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 5min, so as to obtain the electrical steel. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared and completely recrystallized as measured by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope, and the average grain size was 131 μm. Finished product P 15/50＝3.152W/kg,P10/400＝18.788W/kg,B50 = 1.649T.
Comparative example 4
(1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials according to a proportion, heating to 1500 ℃ in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into ingots, wherein the mass percentages of the chemical components of the ingots are as follows: 3.0% of Si, 0.016% of Mn, 0.0029% of S, 0.0085% of P, 0.0080% of C, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: forging in a free forging mode within the machining range of 900-1000 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a forging stock with the thickness of 20mm by repeated upsetting and drawing;
(3) And (3) hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the forging stock after heat preservation for 30min in a heating furnace at 1000 ℃, carrying out furnace return heat preservation for 10min in each rolling for two passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 13%, the total rolling pass is 7 times, and the thickness of the finally obtained hot rolled plate is 1.6mm; the hot rolled structure of the hot rolled plate is micro-deformed equiaxed crystal, and the grain size is 151 mu m, detected by an Axio Image A2m optical microscope;
(4) Cold rolling: pickling a hot rolled plate by using a hydrochloric acid solution, performing cold rolling at room temperature, wherein the deformation of the first pass is 20%, and then performing repeated cold rolling for multiple passes, wherein the deformation of each pass is 10%, so as to obtain a cold rolled plate with the thickness of 0.27 mm;
(5) Annealing: and (3) carrying out final annealing treatment on the cold-rolled sheet under the protection of Ar 2 atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, and the annealing time is 5min, so as to obtain the electrical steel. The initial cold rolled structure disappeared, completely recrystallized, and the average grain size was 62 μm as measured by Axio Image A2m optical microscope. Finished product P 15/50＝4.068W/kg,P10/400＝21.135W/kg,B50 = 1.649T.
The comparison of the above examples and comparative examples shows that hot rolling process parameters such as hot rolling temperature, total rolling pass and deformation of each pass and annealing process parameters have important effects on grain size and texture of high-grade non-oriented electrical steel. The preparation process of the invention is adopted to obtain the near equiaxial crystal hot rolled structure with the average grain size of 150-400 mu m and micro-deformation for the high grade non-oriented electrical steel after rolling, the normalizing process is omitted for the subsequent processing, and the annealing structure with the average grain size of 90-160 mu m is obtained after cold rolling and annealing treatment, thus preparing the high grade non-oriented electrical steel with low iron loss and high magnetic induction. The process is implemented for the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel, solves the problem that the prior high-grade non-oriented electrical steel needs to be subjected to complicated process flows such as normalizing or secondary cold rolling after hot rolling, adopts Si element, can realize lower iron loss and higher magnetic performance without adding other elements, and greatly reduces the raw material cost of the non-oriented electrical steel.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Smelting: fully mixing raw materials and casting into ingots; the cast ingot comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si:3.0 to 4.0 percent, mn is less than or equal to 0.017 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.0030 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.0090 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.0090 percent, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities;
2) Forging: forging the cast ingot in the step1 into a forging stock at 900-1200 ℃;
3) And (3) hot rolling: hot rolling the forging stock in the step 2 at the temperature of 1000-1050 ℃, wherein the deformation of each pass is 12-20%, and the total rolling pass is 6-8 times, so as to obtain a hot rolled plate with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 mm;
4) Cold rolling: repeatedly cold-rolling the pickled hot-rolled plate for multiple times to obtain a cold-rolled plate with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm;
5) Annealing: annealing at 900-1000 ℃ for 3-10min to obtain the high-grade non-oriented electrical steel.
2. The method for preparing high-grade non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 1, wherein in the hot rolling process in step 3, the forging stock is hot rolled after being kept in a heating furnace at 1000-1050 ℃ for 20-40min, and is kept for 5-10min after two times of furnace return for each rolling.
3. The method for producing high grade non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 1, wherein the cold rolling in step 4 is: the deformation of the first cold rolling is more than or equal to 20%, and then the deformation of each pass is 5-15% after repeated cold rolling for multiple passes.
4. The method of manufacturing high grade non-oriented electrical steel of claim 1, comprising at least one of:
the temperature of the cast ingot in the step 1 is 1450-1550 ℃;
And step 2, forging, namely repeatedly upsetting and drawing in a free forging mode.
5. The method for producing high grade non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the forging stock in step 2 is 20-30mm.
6. The method of manufacturing high grade non-oriented electrical steel of claim 1, comprising at least one of:
step 4, pickling with hydrochloric acid solution;
and 4, the temperature of the cold rolling is room temperature.
7. The method for producing high-grade non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 1, wherein the annealing treatment in step 5 is performed under an atmosphere of Ar 2.
8. A high grade non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7.
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