CN116240431A - Square shell of power battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Square shell of power battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116240431A
CN116240431A CN202211648456.XA CN202211648456A CN116240431A CN 116240431 A CN116240431 A CN 116240431A CN 202211648456 A CN202211648456 A CN 202211648456A CN 116240431 A CN116240431 A CN 116240431A
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aluminum alloy
equal
percent
less
power battery
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丁小理
邓军
李信
李建湘
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Guangdong Hoshion Industrial Aluminium Co ltd
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Guangdong Hoshion Industrial Aluminium Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211648456.XA priority Critical patent/CN116240431A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The square shell comprises 0.05-0.18% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.70% of Fe, 1.00-1.20% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60% of Si, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mg+Zn+Li, less than or equal to 0.05% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, and further the square shell with equal walls or unequal walls is prepared by the processes of aluminum alloy melting, casting, homogenizing, extrusion, drawing and the like, wherein the diameter of an circumscribed circle of the square shell prepared by the method is more than or equal to 100mm, the ratio of a long side to a short side is 2-5:1, the wall thickness is more than or equal to 0.3mm, in addition, the square shell with the power battery prepared by the method remarkably improves the welding performance of the shell, obviously reduces the growth and the aperture of pores in the welding process, and simultaneously has good extrusion and drawing performances and good adaptability.

Description

Square shell of power battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical materials, and particularly relates to a square shell of a power battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thinning of the square power battery shell of the aluminum alloy is an important way for realizing weight reduction and improving the space utilization rate and the charging amount. Based on the requirements of the use occasions, the material is 3003, and the material has good corrosion resistance, excellent heat conduction performance, laser weldability, certain strength and certain hardness. The diameter of the circumscribing circle is more than 100mm, the length-width ratio is 2-5, the thinnest wall thickness of the square battery case with equal walls or unequal walls is 0.3mm, and the wall thickness precision is required to be +/-0.08 or even more severe.
The aluminum alloy power battery case (round or square) manufactured by the prior manufacturing technology has the following steps: the first is to select 3003 material or improved alloy, roll into sheet material, cut and then deep-draw; the second is to select 3003 material or improved alloy, extrude the material into plate, cut and then back extrude the plate; and thirdly, 3003 material or modified alloy is selected and obtained by cold drawing a hot extrusion blank. The first and second methods have the advantages that the length of the finished product is limited and the longest length cannot exceed 500mm because the friction force of deep drawing or back extrusion and the stripping difficulty are greatly increased along with the length increase; the finished length of the third method is not limited. The prior art is advantageous in manufacturing a battery case with round walls, because a blank for drawing (namely an extrusion product) is round, according to the principle of concentric circles in the center of an extrusion die, extrusion difficulty is low, meanwhile, the extrusion blank is round, drawing is round, deformation amounts are consistent everywhere, conditions such as drawing fracture, drawing product wrinkling and the like caused by non-synchronization due to non-uniformity of deformation hardly exist, and when the battery case with four sides and the like is manufactured, when the battery case with four sides and the like is used for manufacturing a battery case with four sides and the like, the wall thickness of the four sides and the like is more than 0.7mm, the battery case with square battery case with four sides and the like or the wall and the like (and the minimum wall thickness is less than 0.7 mm) is difficult to realize, and main problems of the battery case include: 1) The drawn blank (namely a hot extrusion finished product) is extremely unstable in size, and as is well known, in the hot extrusion process, due to the influence of temperature fluctuation of a casting rod and the influence of friction temperature rise in the extrusion process of an extrusion die, the extruded finished product can change in the same cross section size, the head and tail parts of the extruded finished product can also change, and have no regularity, when the wall thickness of a cold drawn finished product is smaller (the wall thickness is smaller than 0.7 mm), the wall thickness of the drawn blank corresponding to the cold drawn finished product also synchronously changes, at the moment, the wall thickness of the drawn blank changes relatively, the difference of drawing deformation degrees is large, and the drawing cannot be performed due to the fact that moire, wrinkling and even stretch-breaking often occur at the wall thickness difference. Chinese patent CN110983115A discloses an improved 3003 aluminum alloy strip and a preparation method thereof, wherein the patent technology controls the aluminum alloy composition to be Si 0.5-0.7%, fe 0.6-0.8%, cu 0.05-0.2%, mn 1.0-1.5%, mg 0-0.02%, zn 0-0.02%, mg+Zn < 0.03%, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, and the strip with the thickness of 1.8-3.5 mm is obtained through the steps of casting, ingot homogenization treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling, stretching bending straightening, cutting and the like, so that the technical scheme cannot be used for preparing a thin-wall battery shell with excellent performance in the process of preparing the power battery shell; chinese patent CN112662915A discloses an aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, the technology adopts aluminum alloy materials with specific metal content, controls Mn and Fe content, further adopts three-section homogenization treatment and one-time cold drawing (deformation amount is 15-30%) to obtain a thin-wall square battery shell with limit wall thickness of 0.4-0.55 mm and circumscribed circle diameter of 138.5-140 mm, but the technical scheme of the patent is suitable for preparing battery shells with thicker wall thickness (the thinnest wall thickness of 0.5mm of an extruded material and the thinnest wall thickness of 0.4mm of a finished product) due to the fact that the alloy shell contains a certain amount of Mg elements, and the defects of welding pores and the like are easy to volatilize in a welding process due to a certain amount of Mg elements with low melting point.
In summary, the preparation of a thin-walled (equal-walled or unequal-walled) square battery shell with excellent performance cannot be achieved in the prior art, so that the development of an aluminum alloy for preparing the thin-walled square power battery shell and a preparation process thereof have very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a square shell of a power battery and a preparation method thereof, and the square shell of the power battery is realized by accurately controlling the size of an extrusion (drawing blank) through alloy component design and extrusion control process, controlling the drawing deformation and matching with a drawing manufacturing process.
In a first aspect, the invention provides an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.18 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Fe, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mg+Zn+Li, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further preferably, the aluminum alloy has a composition, in mass percent, of: 0.10 to 0.18 percent of Cu, 0.36 to 0.45 percent of Fe, 1.05 to 1.20 percent of Mn, 0.06 to 0.18 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mg+Zn+Li, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further, the single content of the unavoidable impurities in the aluminum alloy composition is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an application of the aluminum alloy in a square shell of a power battery.
Further, the square shell is of equal walls or unequal walls.
Further, the diameter of the circumcircle of the square shell is more than or equal to 100mm, the ratio of the long side to the short side is 2-5:1, and the wall thickness is more than or equal to 0.3mm.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a square shell of a power battery, comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy, and melting and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B;
s3, extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot B to obtain an aluminum alloy C;
s4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation is controlled to be less than or equal to 25%, the drawing deformation of the long side and the short side is reduced from the central points of the long side and the short side to the two sides of the long side and the short side, and the deformation of the central positions of the long side and the short side exceeds 0-10%, preferably 2-7%, of the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
Further, in the step S1 of the preparation method of the square shell of the power battery, an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter are adopted for melt purity treatment, and the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy cast ingot A is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100g.Al.
Further, the square power battery shell prepared in the step S4 of the preparation method of the square power battery shell is equal in wall or unequal in wall.
Further, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the square shell prepared by the preparation method of the square shell of the power battery is more than or equal to 100mm, the ratio of the long side to the short side is 2-5:1, and the wall thickness is more than or equal to 0.3mm.
In a fourth aspect, the square power battery shell provided by the invention can be applied to but not limited to the fields of new energy sources, capacitance and electricity and the like.
3003 Mn is the main alloying element, mn forms MnAl with Al 6 The strength of the phase rises along with the increase of Mn, the increase of Mn content causes large extrusion deformation resistance and seriously worsens extrusion performance, and the Mn content is controlled within the range of 1.00-1.20 percent in order to ensure the extrudability of the alloy, and good weldability, heat conductivity and corrosion resistance.
In addition to the solid solution strengthening effect of Cu in aluminum alloy, the strength of the aluminum alloy is enhanced, the higher the Cu content is, the strength of the aluminum alloy is also increased, but the increased alloy content causes large extrusion deformation resistance, seriously worsens extrusion performance, and simultaneously, the potential difference between grain boundaries and crystals is enlarged, so that the stress corrosion and the sensitivity of grain boundary corrosion are increased, and the Cu content is controlled within the range of 0.05-0.18%.
Mg, zn and Li in the aluminum alloy have low boiling points, are easy to evaporate, have high vapor pressure, are easy to cause defects such as air holes in the welding process, thereby influencing the welding formation and the mechanical properties of the joint, and the invention creatively manages and controls Mg+Zn+Li to be less than or equal to 0.05 percent in consideration of the need of welding the power battery shell with parts such as a cover plate and the like.
Ti is added into the aluminum alloy in the form of an Al-Ti-B alloy rod, is mainly used for refining crystal grains of an aluminum alloy cast ingot, improves the uniformity of structural components of the aluminum alloy, when the addition amount of the Al-3Ti-1B alloy rod is large, the Ti content is more than 0.05 percent, tiB2 particles in the cast ingot are concentrated and grow up, the extruded product is easy to have defects such as white line stripes and the like, and the area of a thin wall is not continuously scraped, so that continuous production is difficult, and when the addition amount of the Al-3Ti-1B alloy rod is small, the Ti content is less than 0.01 percent, the size of crystal grains of the cast ingot is more than 500 microns, the crystal grains are too thick, the uniformity of the cast ingot components and the structure is not facilitated, and the extrusion processing performance and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy are also deteriorated.
Fe capable of forming (FeMn) Al 6 The phase can effectively refine the grains of the extruded material, but the total Fe+Mn content exceeds 1.5 percent, a large amount of coarse flaky (FeMn) AL is formed 6 The ductility of the alloy is reduced, and the Fe content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.7% in consideration of Fe being an unavoidable element; on the other hand, the invention controls the Si content to be less than or equal to 0.6 percent, and Si forms ternary phase T (Al 12 Mn 3 Si 2 ) Can also dissolve Fe to form a quaternary phase (AlFeMnSi), and if Fe and Si exist simultaneously, al is generated 12 Mn 3 Si 2 Therefore, the invention preferably controls the Si content to be 0.06-0.18%, and the Fe content to be 0.36-0.45%, which not only has a certain strengthening effect and fine crystal strengthening effect, but also can avoid weakening the beneficial effect of Fe.
Through systematic research on alloy components, the invention discovers that only when Cu of aluminum alloy is 0.05-0.18%, fe is less than or equal to 0.70%, mn is 1.00-1.20%, si is less than or equal to 0.60%, mg+Zn+Li is less than or equal to 0.05%, ti is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities; the single content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount is less than or equal to 0.15%, the extrusion formability can be balanced, the laser welding performance and the applicable strength are good, and the laser welding performance and the applicable strength are particularly suitable for manufacturing square shells with walls such as power batteries or unequal walls by matching with the subsequent drawing process, the diameter of an external circle is more than or equal to 100mm, the ratio of side length to side width is 2-5:1, and the thinnest wall thickness is more than or equal to 0.3mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The aluminum alloy designed by the invention is successfully applied to the square shell of the power battery, the air holes of the square shell of the power battery prepared by the invention are obviously reduced in the welding process, the maximum size of the welding air holes and shrinkage cavities is only 0.05-0.08 mm, the projection area of the welding air holes and shrinkage cavities is only 0.5-1.0%, and compared with the square shell in the prior art, the welding performance is obviously improved.
(2) The invention adopts a special drawing process, can realize the preparation of equal-wall and unequal-wall square shells, and simultaneously, the prepared shells have the circumcircle diameter of 110mm, the thin-wall thickness of 0.35mm and the thick-wall thickness of 1.4mm, and compared with the thinnest 0.4mm in the prior art, the circumcircle diameter of about 130mm has obvious progress.
(3) The square shell of the power battery prepared by the invention has good extrusion and drawing performances, the tensile strength can reach 175-185 MPa, the hardness can reach 50-53 HV, and the adaptability is good.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods of the present invention, in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples, are generally conducted under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various chemicals commonly used in the examples are commercially available.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps is not limited to the elements or modules listed but may alternatively include additional steps not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the square shell of the power battery comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot A comprises the following components: cu0.10%, fe 0.38%, mn1.12%, si0.09%, mg+Zn+Li:0.05%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 10 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 20%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 18%, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
Example 2
The preparation method of the square shell of the power battery comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot components Cu 0.12%, fe0.40%, mn 1.10%, si0.09%, mg+Zn+Li:0.03%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 10 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 485 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.15mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 22%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 18%, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
Example 3
The preparation method of the square shell of the power battery comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot comprises 0.10% of Cu, 0.38% of Fe, 1.18% of Mn, 0.09% of Si, and 0.09% of Mg+Zn+Li:0.015%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 23%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 18%, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
Example 4
The preparation method of the square shell of the power battery comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the components of the gold ingot A are Cu0.10%, fe 0.38%, mn 1.18%, si0.09%, mg+Zn+Li:0.020%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 25%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 18%, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
Example 5
The preparation method of the square shell of the power battery comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot comprises 0.18% of Cu, 0.45% of Fe, 1.20% of Mn, 0.18% of Si, and 0.18% of Mg+Zn+Li:0.025%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 24%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 19%, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the square power battery shell of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot comprises 0.18% of Cu, 0.45% of Fe, 1.20% of Mn, 0.18% of Si, and 0.18% of Mg+Zn+Li:0.025%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, setting the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side to be 15%, setting the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side to be 15%, and enabling drawing to be not carried out normally, wherein the drawing starts to break from the corner part of the profile.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the square power battery shell of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to perform melt purity treatment, melting and casting raw materials to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot A comprises Cu0.18%, fe 0.45%, mn 1.20%, si 0.18%, mg+Zn+Li:0.025%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, setting the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side to be 10%, setting the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side to be 15%, and enabling drawing to be not carried out normally, wherein the drawing starts to break from the corner part of the profile.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the square power battery shell of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the components of the ingot A are Cu0.18%, fe 0.45%, mn 1.20%, si 0.18%, mg+Zn+Li:0.025%, ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 26%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 15%, so that the square shell with the wall of the power battery and the like is prepared.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the square power battery shell of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot comprises 0.18% of Cu, 0.45% of Fe, 1.20% of Mn, 0.18% of Si, 0.10% of Mg, 0.03% of Zn, 0.03% of Li and Ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 24%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 19%, so that the square shell with the wall of the power battery and the like is prepared.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of the square power battery shell of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot comprises 0.18% of Cu, 0.45% of Fe, 1.20% of Mn, 0.18% of Si, 0.03% of Mg, 0.03% of Zn, 0.03% of Li and Ti:0.02 percent, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the total content is less than or equal to 0.15 percent), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100g Al;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 24%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 19%, so that the square shell with the wall of the power battery and the like is prepared.
Comparative example 6
The preparation method of the square power battery shell of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing an aluminum ingot and an alloy according to mass percentage, melting and casting, and carrying out melt purity treatment by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate serial tubular filter to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot A, wherein the ingot comprises 0.18% of Cu, 0.45% of Fe, 1.20% of Mn, 0.18% of Si, 0.10% of Mg, 0.03% of Zn, 0.01% of Li, 0.02% of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities (the single content of the unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount is less than or equal to 0.15%), and the hydrogen content is 0.10ml/100gAl;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B, wherein the homogenization conditions are as follows: heating to 620 ℃ within 3 hours, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature by air fog;
s3, performing section-type heating extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot B, wherein the front section is 500 ℃, the middle section is 490 ℃, the tail section is 475 ℃, nitriding treatment is performed before the extrusion die is used, the nitriding process is that the temperature is raised to 520 ℃, the heat is preserved for 6 hours, and the extrusion rod propulsion speed is 3.5mm/S, so that aluminum alloy C is obtained;
and S4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation of the center points of the long side and the short side is 24%, and the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side is 19%, so that the square shell with the wall of the power battery and the like is prepared.
Test example one, performance test
The shells obtained in the examples and the comparative examples were tested for tensile strength by using a universal material tester according to the room temperature test method of part 1 of the GB/T228.1 metal material tensile test, and the test results are shown in Table 1;
the shells obtained in the examples and the comparative examples were tested for hardness by using a digital display Vickers hardness tester according to GB/T4340.1-2009 section 1 of Vickers hardness test of metal materials, and the test results are shown in Table 1;
laser welding is carried out according to ISO 15614-1:2004 "welding process Specification and identification-welding process test of Metal materials", welding holes are rated according to GB/T22085.2 electron beam and quality grading guidelines for the deficiency of laser welding joints, and the rating results are shown in Table 1;
table 1 effects of square housing of power cell
Figure BDA0004010835340000101
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Figure BDA0004010835340000111
As shown by the test results in Table 1, the preparation methods of the embodiments 1 to 5 can be extruded and drawn, the tensile strength of the square shell of the prepared power battery can reach 175 to 185MPa, the hardness can reach 50 to 53HV, the adaptability is good, and the thickness of the thin wall is as follows: 0.30mm; thick wall thickness: 1.4mm, the diameter of the shell circumcircle is 110mm, the air holes of the square shell of the power battery prepared in the examples 1-5 are obviously reduced in the welding process, the maximum size of the welding air holes and shrinkage cavities is only 0.05-0.08 mm, and the projection area of the welding air holes and shrinkage cavities is only 0.5-1.0%; while comparative examples 1 to 2 were not drawn/comparative example 3 was drawn wrinkled, showing that the deformation amount during drawing was greatly affected on the shell forming property, and the composition of the aluminum alloy components in comparative examples 4 to 6 was also significantly affected on the welding property of the shell.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be arbitrarily combined, and in order to simplify the description, all possible combinations of the features in the foregoing embodiments are not described, and those skilled in the art may combine and combine the features of the different embodiments and the different embodiments described in the present specification without contradiction.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An aluminum alloy, characterized in that the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.18 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.70 percent of Fe, 1.00 to 1.20 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.60 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Mg+Zn+Li, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent: 0.10 to 0.18 percent of Cu, 0.36 to 0.45 percent of Fe, 1.05 to 1.20 percent of Mn, 0.06 to 0.18 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Mg+Zn+Li, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy composition has an unavoidable impurity individual content of 0.05% or less and a total amount of 0.15% or less in mass percent.
4. Use of the aluminum alloy according to claim 1 in square housings of power cells.
5. The use of claim 4, wherein the square housing is an equal wall or an unequal wall.
6. The use according to claim 4, wherein the diameter of the circumcircle of the square shell is more than or equal to 100mm, the ratio of the long side to the short side is 2-5:1, and the wall thickness is more than or equal to 0.3mm.
7. The preparation method of the square shell of the power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, melting and casting according to the aluminum alloy composition described in claim 1 to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot A;
s2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the aluminum alloy ingot A to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot B;
s3, extruding the aluminum alloy cast ingot B to obtain an aluminum alloy C;
s4, carrying out drawing treatment on the aluminum alloy C, wherein the drawing deformation is controlled to be less than or equal to 25%, the drawing deformation of the long side and the short side is reduced from the central points of the long side and the short side to the two sides of the long side and the short side, and the deformation of the central positions of the long side and the short side exceeds 0-10% of the deformation of the positions of the two sides of the long side and the short side, so that the square shell of the power battery is prepared.
8. The method for preparing the square shell of the power battery according to claim 7, wherein the melting and casting in the step S1 are carried out by adopting an online box degassing device and a ceramic filter plate series tubular filter to carry out melt purity treatment, and the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy cast ingot A is less than or equal to 0.12ml/100gAl.
9. The method for manufacturing a square power battery casing according to claim 7, wherein the square power battery casing manufactured in the step S4 is equal-wall or unequal-wall.
10. The method for preparing the square shell of the power battery according to claim 9, wherein the diameter of a circumscribing circle of the square shell is more than or equal to 100mm, the ratio of a long side to a short side is 2-5:1, and the wall thickness is more than or equal to 0.3mm.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117340030A (en) * 2023-10-16 2024-01-05 瑞旭实业有限公司 Production method of battery shell for energy storage and battery shell for energy storage

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117340030A (en) * 2023-10-16 2024-01-05 瑞旭实业有限公司 Production method of battery shell for energy storage and battery shell for energy storage

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