CN1162296A - Panels in particular for floor, wall, ceiling or furniture coverings or components, method of manufacturing such panels or components and a retaining element for such panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns panels in particular for floor, wall or furniture coverings or components, made in particular from magnesia cement and preferably with a frame; a process for manufacturing such panels or components; an accessory device for transporting such panels during the manufacturing process; and a retaining element for such panels.

Description

Be specifically designed to the flat board or the building slab of ground, wall, top or furniture clad can, be used to produce the method for these flat boards or building slab, its mounting block

Present patent application to as if a kind of novel plate shaped clad can or goods, say exactly this to as if the rigid gum material of water make, preferentially select the magnesite cement material for use, be used for producing a kind of can ready-formed thin plate (about 1cm) and the raw material ratio and the pre-treatment of plate shaped ground, wall, furniture clad can.It should be processed easily, and can be polished and polishing reaches final quality.It should present a kind of immaculate, fine and close and attrition resistant, highly attractive in appearance as far as possible, exquisite clad can in use.

Getting in touch between magnesite cement and the production flat board is well-known.At first it is used to produce building slab, yet because it has unsafty intensity, it is not suitable for being used for ground.Introduced an example of this building slab among the AT-B-358454.Can also find in this external this part incident according to the disclosed a series of known technologies of prior art, it is considered as open ( page 2,5～46 row) at this application has.

AT-B-317074 has narrated kapok light-weight building flat board.DE-C-3340949 discloses the mineral fibre top ceiling, and US-A-4419133 and US-A-5049197 have related to magnesia agglutinating plate structure, though they in theory also can be used as the floor, the performance that it reaches by various compounds is its weather resistance aspect particularly, live and the field, kitchen in be not very desirable.

The weather resistance that not only wants in this external dwelling house scope, and more to consider the aesthetic that should reach by suitable technical measures.

Be widely known by the people over nearly 100 years, manufacture the magnesite cement concrete both can with or without organic filler, wood wool (wood chip magnesium cement) for example, also can with or without mineral filler, for example stone flour, mineral powder and particle.Its basis is by activated magnesia and magnesium chloride, sal epsom, magnesium bromate etc., the preferential a kind of gelling material formed with magnesium chloride selected.Because magnesium and 12,7,6,1 H ₂O forms very different salt, also has and 2,4,6 H in addition ₂The unstable salt that O forms is mixed so these salt can not do in most cases, but is formulated into solution, promptly so-called alkali lye.That is mainly used has 7 H ₂The magnesium chloride of O sal epsom (Epsom salts) always is easy to weathering, so the density of solution is counted as the metering of additive, at this moment by with BE (degree Beaume) or g/l classer's description.

People know, the setting and harden process comprise oxide compound in alkali lye dissolving and after this molecular formula be 3MgOMgCl ₂11H ₂The hydration oxychlorination magnesium crystallization of O.Owing to be subjected to the restriction of impurity, dissolve body biology etc., at this moment may be bad certainly, the clad can that can copy.If supposing this oxychlorination magnesium is the major item of setting and harden technology, the stoichiometric compositions of magnesite cement is approximately MgO 33.9%, MgCl so ₂16.7%, water 52.3%.Therefore this is equivalent to MgO and MgCl ₂Ratio be approximately 1: 2.Rule of thumb this ratio is superfluous slightly.Like this with the Mg of the strong moisture absorption of its residue ²⁺, would rather have a spot of MgO remaining.This reality in water of MgO is not dissolved, and changes magnesium hydroxide in the meantime into, it oneself again with to (it is influential) Carbon Dioxide in Air generation carburizing reagent, and form magnesiumcarbonate.Hydration oxychlorination magnesium is slightly soluble in water, so with this well-known mixture, magnesite cement is also non-watertight.Improve water-proof test according to AT-B-374133, this patent recommends to add the ethyl silicon ester.This mixture was compared with former mixture, though possessed the water tolerance of improving, this also is not best.And can not ignore be, bring the maturing process of the magnesite cement of original desired aesthetic, may be subjected to the disadvantageous effect of admixture two basic silicon ester.

Hydration oxychlorination magnesium has structure and the similar character almost similar to terra alba, yet obviously harder than the latter again.When water and magnesite cement are had an effect, at first on the seamed edge of each crystal grain and contact surface, produce dissolving, so originally firm congealed solid may be dissolved is granular glomeration.

Crystallisation process and the MgO dissolving in alkali lye all is an exothermic process, and at this moment many unexpected factors are arranged, and not only influences dissolving but also influence crystallization, so a large amount of patent documentations is arranged, has proposed the difference suggestion of stable process of setting.

As previously mentioned, the purpose of a large amount of patent and publication all is this unfavorable phenomenon of the low water tolerance of magnesite cement is reduced to minimum.

As everyone knows, magnesite cement all has outstanding adhesion property to all no fat, no wax material, and for example silicate or silicate rock also have carbonate and carbonate rock, glass, and metal also often has organic substance, for example timber.Yet all methods of knowing so far do not allow to manufacture flat board with magnesite cement so far yet.It has for example good like this water tolerance, and floor or congener are used to mat formation.So the present invention based on following task, promptly finds suitable method,, and reach best volume filling so that improve the stability of traditional magnesite cement.Its purpose is to find best composition combination and reactive mode, and it can produce a kind of plate shaped clad can that has better practicality and character attractive in appearance, can produce satisfactorily.

The inventor finds that necessary water-repellancy with traditional magnesite cement reaches optimizing, that is to say, should have the space, free hole of trying one's best few, and the space, hole that the moisture content of saying so exactly can freely enter is the smaller the better.Owing to seldom can reach absolute imporosity, and meanwhile remaining space, hole also wants be filled up by material simultaneously, and the material that is filled has maximum hydrophobic nature, and the swelling process by the surface perhaps said exactly no longer allows the further infiltration of moisture content.

So the product of producing according to the present invention should be like this: under the standard conditions of living space, in fact moisture content can not infiltrate inner, like this moisture can only be along magnesite cement crystal grain, on according to body surface of the present invention, cause dissolving, yet can not infiltrate inside.Therefore stoped particle breakdown.

The inventor recognizes that the magnesite cement share of solidifying is few more on planar surface, this surface dissolution is just more little.According to the present invention, this can realize by the inertia addition material ratio that improves on the planar surface.

Especially; because in order to obtain multiple physicals (weight, heat-insulating property) and reason attractive in appearance; this kind magnesia cement concrete is produced with the composition of wooden cement or part wooden cement or sawdust magnesium cement usually; it is correspondingly pressed and considers that wood substance grain can arrive the surface of plate; it is final owing to grind and polishing; and have exposed kapillary, and it is prefabricated into like this, and promptly water can not penetrate into the inside of plate along these materials.

According to the present invention, can obtain the optimal performance on floor by following method, and the method for preferably working in coordination and using, and each independent method has wherein constituted a kind of invention improvement.In order to realize that this strives the target that reaches, should follow according to prescription of the present invention, the process that may provide certain preparation prescription again reaches raw material to solidify.These scopes are:

MgO and MgCl ₂Ratio be 1: 2.2 to 1: 2.8, be preferably 1: 2.55.

Use the alkali lye of 26 to 30BE (degree Beaume), preferred 28BE (preferred (density) 1.24 is equivalent to 3.11g/l).

Filler and gelling material (MgO+MgCl ₂) between ratio be 1: 0.8 to 1: 2.5, preferred 1: 1.2 to 1: 1.8.

Filler formulation is as follows:

Weight percent is 0 to 60%, preferred weight percent is 15% to 30%, about 0.1 to 3mm the wood chip of wood shavings length or other organic materials and/or

Mineral filler such as stone flour, sand, mineral powder etc.: about 10% to 60%, the preferred weight percent about 30% to 60% of weight percent.Grain size is followed richness and is reined in curve, permitted here to ignore single grain size (richness is reined in curve elliptical particle size) and/or

Pigment: weight percent 0 to 18%.

And/or swelling material: preferred acid excites wilkinite, and weight percent is about 2% to 40%, preferred weight percent about 10% to 30%.

And

Levigate casein, for example Laab casein and/or acidic casein: weight percent about 0.01% to 1%.

And/or

Phosphoric acid ester: weight percent about 0.01% to 1%

And/or

Oleum lini: with about 30% calcium hydroxide mix: weight percent about 0.01% to 3%.

Though be not necessary, interpolation ethyl silicon ester further improves water tolerance and can regard a kind of variant of the present invention as.

It should be noted, in the prior art, provide uniform compound usually as far as possible, for example learn, should make great efforts to stop or the precipitation of the minimum filler that will as far as possible delay to harden as far as possible from DE-C-3031086.

As explaining after a while, the inventor recognizes, when adopting according to the special form of implementation of minority of the present invention dull and stereotyped, this way is favourable not equal to fraud is arranged.

Have only material of the present invention is combined, just can make us improving magnesite cement and the performance of the flat board manufactured by it with deep impressionly.And the desired performance attractive in appearance of user here is not exceeded.

Preparation according to raw material of the present invention is undertaken by following method:

1,, the hot oleum lini dipping wood chip that be mixed with lime about 0.2% with weight percent.

2, at first Sheng is got compound and need be used 10% of alkali lye, stirs up to dissolving with poly-phosphate.

3, the agitator hybrid pigment of handy fast turn-around.

4, inject whole alkali lye.

5, inject casein carefully, it is as clear as crystally dissolved in ammonia in advance.

6, add mineral filler.

7, add the swelling material.

8, add organic filler.

9, mixing also preferably by vacuum pump, is preferably the vacuum oil pump whole raw materials is vacuumized.

And then these materials can be injected in the mould now or be poured on the flow process travelling belt, perhaps are extruded under stiff denseness.For all materials that can pour into a mould or just can also pour into a mould, come simply to shake at inorganic insoluble inert solid preferably, can preference such as high frequency shakes, the heavier component of its result's part sinks to the bottom, and producing the intensive of inertia insoluble solids in the bottom surface, it is used as use face and/or wearing surface at last.This also harder under normal conditions material has improved finished product enduringly by their character.

So generally speaking, the present invention relates to a certain prescription.With the method for these prescription slurries of preparation, particularly after using this material by reducing pressure and using for example high-frequency vibration.

According to another kind of improved procedure, after also can heating, material is applied on the cold or same preheated base plate.According to another specific embodiment, flat board also can just be straightened just stiff later, as also will explaining in detail after a while, does not have the drying process of delay in both sides.The drying here should be carried out under about 95% to 100% the indoor humidity of relative humidity when the fs begins, and preferably drops to relative humidity about 60% then lentamente.

Solidify and dry epoch between the environment initial temperature can adopt about 30 ℃, drop to about 25 ℃ of outlet temperature again.So just produced extraordinary condensation cure.Obviously, magnesite cement admixture that is disclosed and method also can be used to manufacture needn't ready-formed jointless floor type the floor clad can.It is the same with traditional magnesite cement jointless floor, self moulding and cutting apart equally well.As variant, stipulate MgCl according to the present invention to said mixture ₂By MgSO ₄Replace, what its content can be with reference among the AT-B-345149 is described, and it is about determining MgSO ₄This point of volume is counted as ostensible.

The present invention relates to a kind of flat board in addition, a kind of plane building slab of saying so exactly, and for example board, panel component, elevation of building member or congener, but it not necessarily must be manufactured with said mixture.

The shortcoming that the well-known building slab of this type is such, they are very easy to be damaged on their arris, and it is to fracture in these positions as a result.Another shortcoming of the building slab that these have been known is, the starting material that are suitable for producing are selected to be restricted, and this is because some starting material drastic deformation in the mould at them in the process of this production planar shaped building slab, for example because its warpage.

Therefore task of the present invention provides a kind of building slab in addition, can not occur arris easily and damage concerning it, and multiple starting material can be used to produce, and especially those are unsuitable for the starting material that are used to produce originally owing to lack arris intensity usually.A kind of like this building slab also should be provided, and it can eliminate surperficial scratch and hole simply by polishing when prefabricated.

The plane building slab of the kind of mentioning when beginning for employing according to the present invention, above-mentioned task realizes like this, be that it is made up of framework and packing material, and framework and packing material can not be thrown off, shape sealing, be prefabricated in the factory, be connected to an integrated member especially.

Packing material is prevented to damage by frame protection on arris like this, and has kept its profile, so also can use the packing material that forms warpage usually in process of setting.Lip-deep peel off with scratch can by to building slab simply polish removing, at this moment framework and packing material can be polished simultaneously.

In the other form of the present invention, can provide, in packing material, mix coloured pigment.

So just realized the continuous dyeing of packing material, so scratch is arranged on the surface and peel off and when building slab polished, the color on packing material surface still kept.

Another feature of the present invention is that framework has well-regulated geometrical shape, for example square.

Therefore building slab can be produced and use in omnifarious mode simply.

Another variant of the present invention is that framework has the groove of one employing tongue-and-groove form from cross section in the side towards packing material.

This groove has improved the contact area between framework and the packing material, thereby produces firm carried of connection, and packing material is seldom fractureed on arris easily.

The groove semicircular in shape is provided in another kind of form of the present invention.

Thereby can realize exceptionally close connection between framework and packing material, so the separation that is caused by the working load between is avoided reliably.

Another kind of form of the present invention is content with following: promptly groove can be triangular in shape.

Can between packing material and framework, form equally in this way closely and connect.

Provide in addition, inserted mounting block at framework towards the side of packing material, it is outstanding towards packing material.

Realized the particularly advantageous raising of contact area between packing material and the bearing frame in this way.Load in framework and packing material junction can thereby be absorbed.

Another kind of form of the present invention is that mounting block is by constituting around the ripple steel band of installing on the side of packing material.

Thereby can realize additional enhancing to connecting between framework and the packing material by simple mode.

A feature of the present invention is that mounting block is by forming towards the lateral pin metal or other suitable material system of packing material apart from one another by arranging, insert framework.

Mounting block can be installed by a kind of simple mode like this, and it is for the reinforced effects that is connected with between framework and the packing material.Pin can be cylindrical, perhaps also can have structured surface, for example turns round by hinge, thereby produce well contact between packing material and steel pin nail.

Another kind of feature of the present invention can be to imbed fine-structure mesh at framework towards the side of packing material, its whole framework interior region extension in packing material.

Obtained connection firm between framework and packing material in this way, and self the strengthening of packing material, so can realize the raising of supporting capacity.Net or reticulin fiber or congener preferentially are laid in dull and stereotyped tension side, for example at downside 1/3rd places of dull and stereotyped total thickness.

According to another embodiment of the invention, framework can be made up of different materials with packing material again, thereby may obtain by swelling properties that compensate or desirable in the face of humidity changes.

Secure bond between packing material and the framework can be by the cast of packing material in framework, also can be undertaken by the bonding of framework on prefabricated packing material, say so exactly by in thin packing material flat board or the framework of weighting material on base plate or bonding or cast in a prefabricated flat board carry out.For timber and the matrix material that for example wood chip magnesium cement is suitable can be: magnesite cement, water glass-casein binding agent, zinc cement PU binding agent and analogue.

According to another kind of form of the present invention, packing material is by concrete, and for example light weight concrete constitutes.

Thereby can produce according to building slab of the present invention by low-cost mode.

Provide in addition, packing material is made of plastics.

Building slab is modified especially easily like this, and when corresponding material is selected, outstanding with extraordinary wear resistance.

The content of another variant of the present invention is that packing material is made of sawdust concrete.

So just produced a kind of good especially adiabatic light-weight building member.This material that damages on arris is especially easily protected well by framework, and guarantees to prevent warpage.

Another kind of form of the present invention is that packing material is made of sawdust magnesium cement.

The character of this like this material just can come into operation well as high thermal insulation and high strength.The warpage that has stoped the building slab of common appearance by the framework around the packing material.Sawdust magnesium cement filler can be polished in addition well, so that remove the surperficial scratch or the hole of building slab.Stoped fractureing of arris in addition.

Provide in another kind of form of the present invention, framework and packing material are made of timber.

So at first for to have created prerequisite good, that meet architectural biology according to building slab of the present invention, this is to be caused by the thermal insulation of timber and the performance of adjusting humidity.

Another feature is that framework is made of metal or stone material.

By this method, can manufacture very firm building slab, its framework also can be manufactured out particularly under situation about manufacturing with metal by integral body easily.

The content of last another variant of the present invention is that framework is made of plastics.

Very wear-resisting according to framework of the present invention like this, and can manufacture out in mode simply and cheaply.

Explain this patent in detail by means of embodiment and Tu below.Shown in the figure be:

A kind of orthographic plan of Figure 17 according to building slab form of implementation of the present invention;

Figure 18 another kind is according to the transverse section of form of implementation of the present invention;

Figure 19 another kind is according to the transverse section of form of implementation of the present invention;

Figure 20 another kind is according to the transverse section of form of implementation of the present invention;

Figure 21 another kind is according to the transverse section of the invention process form;

Figure 22 another kind is according to the orthographic plan of form of implementation of the present invention.

Showed a kind of a kind of embodiment according to planar shaped building slab 1 of the present invention in Figure 17, it can be used as board, panel component, furniture component, door member, elevation of building member or analogue.Framework 2 surrounds packing material 3, and framework 2 here and packing material 3 are connected to an integrated member with can not be split.A kind of building slab of manufacturing by this form can be mated formation to the plane of very wide scope in common mode according to the characteristic of packing material and framework.Be foursquare building slab here and can be other different shapes within the scope of the invention, for example rectangular, n dihedral, adopt circular, oval or other various planeforms.

The present invention has also comprised the marquetry of differing materials in a kind of packing material that is surrounded by framework.So be positioned at outer peripheral around the seamed edge of framework on the connection comparability, by means of being rigidly connected reliably, inlaid material and shape can well keep.

The starting material that are used for framework and packing material at first are carried out different selections, but still may be similar, more tough and tensile, the material that resistivity is arranged of the functional requirement of framework under normal conditions, this also for as arris protection use.

The material that is used for framework can be that timber, metal, plastics, stone material or other are various to its suitable starting material.Framework oneself can become as a whole according to material therefor, perhaps for example uses timber, is made up of several parts that are assembled in together.

Packing material both can be a ready-formed flat board, but can be made up of a series of materials that can pour into a mould too, and it solidifies in framework.This for example concrete, gypsum, plastics, sawdust concrete or sawdust magnesium cement can be used as packing material.

Particularly advantageous to this application is the sawdust concrete material, and as the described sawdust magnesium cement board of beginning, they also because they are similar to the heat-insulating property of timber, satisfy very high architectural structurology requirement as material of construction.These materials are outstanding because of very high intensity and hardness in addition, so they also can be come into operation under harsh conditions.What be specially adapted to sawdust magnesium cement and sawdust concrete is; if these materials do not have the protection of arris to fracture easily; and be easy to warpage by what flat type was produced, so according to professional's view, they are unsuitable for producing common plate or elevation of building member.Be prevented from by the frame warpage that centers on, arris is protected.The material of this outside framework can be selected like this, and it is compared with packing material and is easier to process (for example tenon and tongue-and-groove are used for lateral interconnecting between the adjacent architectural member, and this can make comparisons with traditional felder).Timber is a kind of material that is particularly well suited to this purpose.

According to a kind of variant of the present invention, can in packing material, mix pigment, thereby the latter can have color, and therefore when polishing its color can not lose.If should remove surperficial scratch and hole, because the color on packing material surface keeps identical after polishing, this is especially beneficial.The material that is generally used for this purpose can be used as pigment.

Connection for packing material and framework can not be split can provide a kind of like this method, and it helps between to produce bonding as far as possible closely.A kind of content of distinguishing possibility of the present invention is, groove is provided one on the side of packing material in the framework cross section, and packing material has just had the contact area bigger with framework like this, and thereby is in reliable coupled situation with framework.

Drawn the cross section according to the another kind of form of implementation of building slab of the present invention in Figure 18, the cross section of the framework 20 here has leg-of-mutton groove 40 together, and it preferably is arranged in all frame parts, preferably in a kind of successive mode.Packing material 3 has been clogged this road groove 40 fully.

In other form, can on the side of packing material 3, provide semi-circular recesses 41 one at framework 21, packing material embeds this road groove like this, and can strengthen and framework 21 rigidly connected contacts (Figure 19).

In the rectangular frame 2 in Figure 20, provide a kind of mounting block that adopts corrugated metal lath 5 shapes, it, and plays there and strengthens the effect that framework 2 is connected with packing material 3 in the side of packing material 3 is projected into packing material 3 from framework 2.Laths of metal can certainly be other structure or flat, and it also may use other material, and for example plastics or fibrous reticulum or congener replace as lath.

Also showed metal pin 50 among this external Figure 21, it is inserted in the framework 2 around the compartment of terrain, and is projected in the packing material 3, is used for the close-coupled of packing material 3 and framework 2 equally.Metal pin 50 can be cylindrical, perhaps for example turns round by hinge to be burr shape surface, produces extraordinary contact like this between packing material and steel pin nail.Other pin with certain intensity can use by the substituted metal pin.

Can find out other possibility of support and connecting frame and packing material from Figure 22.Fine-structure mesh 7 is embedded in framework 2 in the side of packing material 3, and it extends in packing material 3 inside with at whole framework interior region.The additional so bigger soundness of packing material 3 self that realized.So for example concrete or sawdust magnesium cement cement packing material are strengthened in this way by steel fiber or glass fibre or plastic pin.If framework is assembled as sandwich type, and fine-structure mesh or the clamping or fixing between frame parts of congener quilt, a variant just produced.

Another kind of form of the present invention has caused a kind of new, practical method for paving, at this moment fine-structure mesh or to surpass the skeleton construction of sandwich type with class formation outwards outstanding, like this, the interval is also interconnection with the fine-structure mesh that encirclement is outwards exposed at interval by means of packing space together by the sandwich subassembly of arranging, also may be connected with base plate.Suitable filling or adhesive material are familiar with by the professional.Preferably adopt the composition of magnesite according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a kind of new Technology in addition, it is used in with being successful on the whole, but but with the consolidating material of mobile up to heavy-gravity consolidating material, the particularly hydraulicity, for example magnesia binding agent, particularly use the sawdust magnesium cement of magnesite cement, white cement, concrete or congener are manufactured the plane building slab, so it does not have designated mixture and the flat board of narrating when being used to begin, and can relate to other material and flat board yet.Be familiar with by the people with the base plate clad can that magnesite cement is manufactured.It is similar to the jointless floor and directly paves on construction location, and sclerosis in time there.For prefabricated this base plate clad can some unsafty suggestions are only proposed up to now.Above the described dull and stereotyped invention thought of frame protection that is subjected to a better beginning is provided.

Form by framework according to novel flat-plate of the present invention, framework as mentioned above, with the packing material of forming by magnesite cement or magnesia agglutinating sawdust magnesium cement securely, be rigidly connected to.The production of this member and transportation, a problem especially when also not parching fully, packing material is proposed, especially because for example sawdust magnesium cement is used as the moist material adding of pasty state and at first must hardens in time, can transport and further processing up to it.This brings several problems, because moisture content may secrete from material, and in for example wood frame with keep flat in the seam between the placement plane of framework and infiltrate.Here comparatively disadvantageous one side is that pigment may be rinsed out, may damage the timber that framework is used on the other hand, for example dyes dirty.And lost the water that spills out like this and may be dissolved in the material of the mixture in the water, so just may produce defective condensation cure, nonuniformity or other defective for packing material.

Require prefabricated flat board to solidify simultaneously in addition in two sides and smooth evenly.Use traditional method to manufacture the base plate overlay that people know, this can not realize that this is because of the surface of moisture content from the pasty state compound, than evaporating sooner from bottom surface basic and that the space is isolated.

Task of the present invention is to create a kind of method, and making in this way can be with the material manufacturing mentioned above flat board of economy as far as possible.Simultaneously a kind of like this possibility should be found, the planar shaped building slab of homogeneous, the best and indeformable the solidifying that can realize packing material here can be made by its people.

By the another kind of form of present method, also should preferably on building slab, bring raised pattern by simple method.

In addition should be in an irrelevant therewith invention step, find work in-process flat board in the manufactory to be transported to the solution of next station from a station.

This task is solved by following method steps: when manufacturing the plane building slab, packing material is poured in the horizontally disposed framework.If different chemical coagulation reaction and different setting rates by carry out on the upper and lower surface of flat board have stoped material warp limitedly, so just realized best condensation cure.This framework that has benefited from having packing material is in the moment as far as possible early, is erected to a subvertical at least position from its horizontal positioned face.This best time appears at after (chemistry) process of setting first time according to the present invention, and at this moment plate shaped material has been realized enough self stabilities for the first time, so that not redeformation when standing vertically.According to the present invention, at this moment by means of a division plate, especially one between framework and packing material and their placement plane, with the way-board that resilient material is manufactured, avoid packing material and place the plane bonding.At this moment the elasticity of division plate by the pasty state packing material or by contained liquid in the pasty state packing material, cause the interior arris of framework and the sealing of placed side, and this is because framework embeds in the division plate slightly by suitable fixation pressure.So above-mentioned shortcoming is exceeded the liquid loss of framework arris and avoids.

Remove this piece division plate after standing vertically, so even air ground arrives the two sides of packing material, thereby they can be dry equably.The process of setting second time (drying) on the vertical position afterwards, dull and stereotyped being polished, then with varnish, oil, synthetic resins or congener dipping, and be preferably in immersion cell or in high-pressure impregnation equipment, carry out, may adopt VP1 technology (technique of vacuum pressure for dipping electrical).

Be used to realize above-mentioned technology, that is to say the device that is used at the filling process control framework, at first come from a cover vacuum suction disc device, it holds framework and framework is pressed to the placement plane, so between division plate and inner frame arris, the sealing effectiveness that occurs as described above.This suction disc device is made up of material hard, that can carry, for example metal and GFK or carbon strongthener, and the space object and the one flat plate that can vacuumize have equally distributed suction hole at the upper surface of flat board.This upper surface also can for example replace for example rubber with coated elastic layer, and the rigid surface of the suction disc device here comprises coat, is beaten communicating pores.In operating process, be placed on the punching flat board of first variant at framework before, place a rubber plate, it bears the function of division plate on the one hand, on the other hand only by cutting in placing the scope of framework, if place the framework (frame garnish bar) of a parafacies correspondence like this, all limits, its bottom surface keep flat on rubber separator, by remaining cavity in the rubber plate, by means of vacuumizing from the hole, framework is held, and is forced on the rubber plate.Accurately being consistent by being projected on how much of the position of cutting and framework, being allowed just not exceed the arris of framework by the position of cutting, though these are beneficial, is not imperative.For example also can imagine, in the scope of framework on rubber plate the bigger hole of punching out only.Can certainly select any other resilient material to replace rubber.Soft plastics and soft plastic film also can be selected as disposable film.And rubber plate should be recovered use for the cost reason.

Under the situation of the second kind of variant that uses rubber diaphragm, second kind of Elastic Film is provided, and cut out there or as mentioned above, perhaps got bigger by cutting.Framework can be placed on the position that cuts fully like this.On rubber, place rubber and cause good sealing effectiveness.For this variant, framework is placed on the rubber diaphragm, and then in framework, put into from above one thin, corresponding to the film of framework interior dimensions as division plate or demarcation membrane, just enough.

In order to improve the sealing between division plate and framework, to the latter also can be according to another kind of thinking of the present invention, at first with varnish or congener, for example shellac dipping or brushing, so just had one smooth, the fine surface that holds of the enough vacuum of energy.Dipping has stoped moisture content and water-soluble pigment in addition from filler penetrates into framework wooden.

Be placed on the rubber plate or the division plate of top layer, can be in frame area indent slightly.Perhaps preferably have such elasticity, framework be pressed into deeply and fill material with respect to framework therefore and resilience slightly.If packing material is sagging so slightly with respect to framework, the coated and material of having avoided so best occurring between division plate and framework overflows.This has also produced one for accurately polishing necessary reference plane.So polish in the process back to back, between packing material and framework, form fastidious transition zone.Therefore liquid loss along framework is avoided too.

Division plate can have raised pattern or congener, purpose in the zone of stopping composition be the plate surface that obtains an embossment shape.Certainly raised pattern also can be understood as fabric burl, groove and perforation.

Use the vacuum suction disc equipment narrated, can be transported to next station to framework that keeps flat or the flat board of having finished cast from a station without a doubt.The benefit of doing like this is, if the cavity that can vacuumize can outwards be completely cut off by means of draught excluder, like this even when it is removed under the vacuum connection state for the transportation purpose, still keeps the state that is evacuated.

When manufacturing flat board, also solidify gluing at packing material, that is to say and the moment that also has moisture and moisture just take division plate off carefully and benefit.This reaches after the chemocoagulation in the first time constantly.

About 0.7 to 1mm silicone resin of thickness or natural rubber film can be suitable for well.The film production that is used for the magnesite cement board usually is widely known by the people substantially, yet film is used to manufacture compound slab there, and at this moment film is stayed on the cement.These obtain narration in DE-B-2522515.

Yet flat board of the present invention is manufactured can not be limited to use hard, be retained in the framework on the flat board.It also can provide replaceable framework, is used to manufacture the flat board of homogeneous.

Figure 23 has showed the stationary installation part of framework, and vacuum suction disc device has the casting plate that is positioned over top layer;

Figure 24 a and 24b have showed two variants that are tiled in the rubber plate on the vacuum suction disc device according to Figure 23;

Figure 25 has showed from filling the pasty state still be in pasty state and has filled the algorithm diagram of expecting dipping;

Figure 26 a has showed the example of a replaceable frame, and Figure 26 b and c have showed details wherein;

Figure 27 has showed a kind of optimum variant that has the suction disc device in sieve shape hole, and these holes substantially also can be arranged according to less aperture and bigger frequency, only come clamping frames with an elasticity division plate, and represent with the poroid depression of different plane formulas.

Figure 28 has showed a kind of not isostructure of independent invention, insert sawdust magnesium cement or congener system fill material 7 among the wood frame 6a (may adopt the sandwich mode) continuously, be used for a kind of clamping flat board or the building slab that in Architectural Construction, can finely install, have good noise elimination, uninflammability energy, it also can be made without aforesaid method, and this is because it only must be flat at a side grinding.

Figure 23 has showed the part above the vacuum suction disc device, and it has a hollow object or cored slab, places a framework on it and is wherein advanced raw material by cast.Downside dull and stereotyped 1, the cavity seal cavity that comes that do not draw is made up of vacuum tunnel and draught excluder, and dull and stereotyped 1 has been capped elastic layer 2, for example a rubber plate.The flat board 1,2 that covers has the boring 3 of distribution in whole plane.So just produce vacuum 4 at the downside of flat board and the inside of hollow body.For example therefore object such as sheet glass, rubber plate and division plate or framework 6 is held.By moving whole gripping unit, just can transport a kind of like this member without a doubt.

For the pouring plate member, only allow framework 6 to be held.For this purpose, another piece rubber plate 5 (Figure 24) that on elastic layer 2, tiles again, it only has boring 8 in the zone of framework 6, perhaps cut out with like the frame clsss there.Rubber plate and also as the plate 5 of division plate is placed on uppermost framework 6 equally in addition, by from the inner tight of stationary installation hold and provide sealing.Packing material 7 just can have been poured into a mould.

Figure 24 has showed 5 two different variants of rubber plate, and (5a b), is keeping flat framework 6 above.The diversity of variant can't be estimated, and this is because the rubber plates 5 in the filled band 10 can be manufactured to such an extent that have decorative pattern or not wounded in the battle line 11.Can have a lot of patterns for raised pattern.The shape of framework 6 can be pressed required change arbitrarily equally, also is like this so be used to place the shape in the vacancy 9 of framework 6.Have boring 8 in order to hold the rubber plate that framework 6 cures or be stuck in its placed side 9, they are consistent with the boring 3 of stationary installation.

In Figure 27, showed a kind of embodiment that is modified, the metal sheet has here been abandoned rubber covering layer, an independent like this rubber plate is just enough, because it is made into concavity in the zone of framework, so frame parts seamlessly is placed on the rubber plate, be close to the zone below the framework and the perforation of metal sheet and be in the vacuum contact status, so they are held.

Figure 25 has showed that algorithm according to necessity is up to the flow process of finishing the plane building slab.

I still is in the material 7 of pasty state, for example sawdust magnesium cement or analogue, and it is anti-to be poured into the framework 6 that is fixed on the stationary installation.

II carries out (chemistry) condensing process (symbolic time representation 12) for the first time on level attitude after applied or vibration material.

After the III condensing process first time, building slab is holded up from horizontal direction, for example is brought on the vertical position, and division plate 5 is peeled (14).

The second time condensing process (symbolic time representation 13) of IV on the vertical position.

V solidify the building slab that finishes by at least a side, also polished (can not damage the raised pattern that may exist) sometimes two sides.

VI is with varnish, varnish oil, synthetic resins or congener dipping construction materials, is preferably in immersion cell or carries out in high pressure steeping device, adopts VP1 technology if possible.

Algorithm V and VI also can be exchanged sometimes.

Figure 26 has showed the example of manufacturing even matter flat board with replaceable wood frame, that is to say that after packing material condensed for the first time, replaceable framework was taken away.Replaceable framework is by two kinds of framed 15,16 forming much at one, and their difference only is, the inside of the tongue-and-groove that is used for the moulding packing material towards 15, and the outside towards 16 is to guarantee the assemble ability of monolithic flat board.Four framed 15,16 installation is free.Framed 15,16 are fixed with a planchet 17 and two screws 18, clamp type latching member or congener on the angle, so that temporary transient steadiness to be provided to framework.Frame parts also can be slotted on the oblique angle.Metal or plastic frame are also arranged within the scope of the present invention, and they for example also are to tighten jointly along their periphery with quick lock by means of metal or plastic tape.

Also have other frame shape, and the possibility of fixing them, for example elastic, coated replaceable framework has just produced sealing effectiveness by framework oneself like this.

Figure 27 has showed the optimum variant of Figure 23, and it is only just enough with an elasticity division plate.The perforation of the top of vacuum suction disc device has been spread a rubber plate 19 that may be used as division plate simultaneously, and one applies mechanically the framework 6 that long and short dash line is represented.A cavity seal cavity that does not show of hollow slab 1 downside is made up of vacuum tunnel and draught excluder, so just can be this space, say so exactly is not subjected to vacuum source to transport a segment distance having the flat board that seals vacuum with influencing, hollow slab has sieve shape equally distributed in whole plane, only symbology hole 3.Downside at flat board has just produced vacuum 4 like this.For example therefore object such as sheet glass or framework 6 can be held.

For the pouring plate member, only allow framework 6 to be held.For this purpose, rubber plate 19 is tiled on the metal sheet 1, and metal sheet 1 also can be manufactured with the material of other size constancy shape.This piece rubber plate has a slice successive depression (there is demonstration top and bottom) or hole series, the two processed must be narrower a little than framework 6, it has also exposed and has been positioned at following hole.Therefore being close to the periphery that does not have to cave in is that framework 6 is around having formed a placed side.Rubber plate 19, be placed on equally in addition uppermost framework 6 by from the inner tight of stationary installation hold.Packing material 7 can have been poured into a mould.Sometimes may also will spread an additional division plate between rubber plate 19 and packing material 7, when keeping flat many frameworks simultaneously, this is best mode.Division plate is only preferably selected thin, cheap plastics film.

The plate of being showed 19 can have raised pattern in the zone of stopping composition.For the building slab according to Fig. 6, raised pattern can be brought on its upper surface when packing material 7 still is in the dough/pasta state by punch die punching press or congener.

The REFERENCE NUMBER LIST of Figure 23 to 28

1 flat board, for example metal plate

2 elastic layers, for example rubber

3 holes

4 produce vacuum

5 rubber plates or sheet, division plate

6 frameworks

7 packing materials

8 borings

The placed side of 9 frameworks

10 fill plane (filled band)

11 raised patterns

12 condensing processes for the first time

13 condensing processes for the second time

14 peel off rubber plate (5)

15 is framed

16 is framed

17 sheet metals

18 screws

19 are used to cover the monolithic rubber plate of boring 8, simultaneously to the sealing function that has of framework 6.

That was narrated up to now as an alternative manufactures other approach of dull and stereotyped method with sawdust magnesium cement, as described in the US-A-4312674, also appears in a kind of series product technology that has been widely known by the people itself.For fear of unnecessary duplicate message, the disclosed part of US patent is received to be regarded as fully in the application's scope.This refers more particularly to figure and accessory figure explanation, according to the present invention in the conversion process of these famous technologies, approximately 38 also can be with a vibration device in the position, as previously mentioned, purpose is to reach packing material deposition to a certain degree, so hard, closely knit, as to improve surface packing material is for example separated timber or the congener from other.For the floor, hard one side is preferably polished and it faces up.Former for wall and top ceiling, flat board on the contrary therewith may receive an acclaim, and purpose is to utilize lightweight, porous material to be similar to for example performance of timber, particularly noise elimination property.

In addition the present invention also relates to a kind of preferable mounting block, and especially for two blocks of adjacent panels or many-sided building slabs corresponding to foregoing, and according to the dull and stereotyped floor system of forming of the present invention, it has a mounting block according to the present invention.

When mating formation the building slab of plane formula,, need such mounting block in order to fix.

The present invention's purpose on the other hand is, mentions the mounting block of type when creating a kind of the beginning, the interval of stipulating between its assurance building slab.Purpose in this respect of the present invention is, a kind of like this possibility is provided, thereby the structural part of plane formula is fixed in invisible mode by the bonding seam, for example, fixing at least several not with basic unit's bonding or the building slab otherwise controlled.Task especially is, mats formation for the equal level in plane formula zone, it doesn't matter be wet be dried, create a kind of mounting block, it is for the viewer, even for the visible surface of plane formula building slab, it is very hidden that mounting block still can keep.In addition, mounting block should be finished such task, promptly supports securely or the fixed building member, and generally they have free clearance in their dilatational strain, and can not damage adjacent building slab.The building slab that occurs during the wet building slab of mating formation in tack coat or screed sinks, and should can be stoped by this mounting block equally.At first, produced the application possibility useful to the novel floor scheme for the novel flat-plate of sawdust magnesium cement system with or without framework.The present invention can certainly have nothing to do therewith, is used for the building slab of other writing board shape suitably.

Purpose of the present invention realizes that so promptly cross section sees that mounting block has a middle part, from it two ends, towards different directions, with its substantially vertically discrete leg.Measure by recommending can realize the spacing that the plane formula building slab is very stable.At this moment mounting block can extend beyond the whole length of side of plane formula building slab, is perhaps only partly used.Mounting block can be coherent crossbeam or independent part, and the latter's length is significantly less than the side length of side of planar shaped building slab.By means of according to the special shape of mounting block of the present invention, stoped the sinking (level decline) of building slab in the building slab pavement process.In addition, a building slab can be thrown off with adjacent building slab by means of the mounting block relevant with its dilatational strain, and like this, the stress of appearance can not be passed to adjacent member and get on.

The present invention relates to use in addition, and it has mounting block according to the present invention according to the structure of plane formula building slab of the present invention, for example floor cover, revetment panelling, elevation of building plate or congener, each free identical or different material of the building slab is here formed.

For this structure, the plane formula building slab is mated formation in a plane, the together free seam between each adjacent building slab at this moment, with the stress of avoiding causing by expansion wet, the heat condition decision, it otherwise may cause the damage of structure.Another kind of often inevitably situation be that the building slab that differing materials is manufactured not only is separated from each other, and building slab keeps a segment distance with basic unit, with the effect of the building slab of prevention bulging force.The measure that is widely known by the people so far or dissatisfied, perhaps too expensive.

Target of the present invention is to prepare a kind of frame mode of top described type, it can simply be mated formation, even if at this moment for the big coefficient of expansion of building slab, can not have the danger that damages them, and the building slab mutual spacing here can not be changed at the on period of mating formation yet.Especially should on the visible horizon surface of building piece, mounting block can not be seen in a simple manner.

According to the above-mentioned such realization of the present invention, if promptly the middle part is between the end face of building slab, and a leg of all mounting blocks is installed in the common surface than another leg and building slab, for example installs in the littler distance in surface.

By these measures, a building slab can be caught another one by one, thereby can avoid the sinking of individual building elements.It can also determine the seam of building slab leg in a simple manner, and guarantees to prevent to move, and can not go out mounting block to the eye.In addition, building slab and basic unit to keep at a distance be feasible.

Can provide in another kind of form of the present invention, the position is inserted in the end face of building slab apart from the common nearer leg of coverage rate at least, preferably inserts groove, for example blind hole, tongue-and-groove or congener.

Thereby to be connected especially simply, rapidly between mounting block and the plane formula building slab be possible.

The content of another one feature of the present invention is that the position is fixed in the basic unit away from the leg of common coverage rate.

Mounting block is fixed in the basic unit by a leg, thereby other leg of mounting block can be born the separation function with the adjacent architectural member.

Last another kind of implementation content of the present invention is, is concave at the end face of the building piece of leg supporting zone.

Can obtain dilatation joint one in a kind of simple especially mode like this.The guiding that has produced mounting block is in addition improved and building slab prevents the bigger steadiness that sinks.Same the part of its cross section is covered by building slab for the mounting block of manufacturing by this type, thereby even very little gap also can be in sight between building slab.

Can provide in addition, the position has passage away from the leg of common coverage rate.

Thereby when mating formation, mortar can embed in these passages, so this of mounting block leg is in the close-coupled state with screed.

In the other form of the present invention, can provide, an end face of plane formula building slab is equipped with groove one, the leg of a mounting block is inserted into wherein, the leg that is installed in another mounting block on the adjacent architectural member end face also can insert in this groove, so the superimposed installation of mounting block.

Thereby when using different building slabs, promptly use identical mounting block usually, also can realize joint gaps different between building slab.

Another kind satisfies the task of the present invention's proposition, the mounting block of the described type of beginning can be realized like this, be that mounting block has been seen a middle part from cross section, from its end, towards different directions, roughly with its discrete perpendicularly first and second leg, from its another end, promptly roughly with two other leg in discrete abreast another leg.

Two steadiness that the adjacent architectural member connects have been improved in this way.Particularly thereby in than plane formula, guaranteed the level of two building slabs.

Can realize like this another kind of structure of plane building slab according to the present invention with this mounting block, be that the middle part is installed between the end face of building slab, and first and second legs of all mounting blocks all are installed in than other legs of all mounting blocks common outside surface from building slab, for example in the distance that the visible surface of structure is littler.

Thereby can stop the sinking of plane formula building slab in screed or tack coat when mating formation, and it is identical therefore to reach the level of individual building elements.Can create uniform distance for the seam between building slab in addition.After the jointing, mounting block no longer can be found out.

Can stipulate that under this situation the position is inserted among the end face of adjacent architectural member apart from the common first and second nearer legs of coverage rate at least, inserts groove at last, for example in blind hole, tongue-and-groove or the congener.

Thereby can realize a kind of very fast pavement technique of carrying out, each first leg of the mounting block here must only be introduced in the groove of building slab, so that the building slab of back is inserted in each second leg then.

The content of another kind of variant of the present invention is that the position is fixed in the basic unit of this structure away from the leg of common coverage rate.

Thereby it is more reliable fixing to carry out building slab.

Can provide in addition, the end face of building slab is recessed shape in the contact area of leg.So also can produce one dilatation joint in a simple manner.

In this way, leg can not be projected into the outside of building slab, this inevitable height control that can not cause other.

The embodiment content of last a kind of preferential selection of the present invention is that the position has the duct away from the leg of common coverage rate.

Thereby it is better fixing to be fixed part in screed or tack coat.

Embodiment by means of performance in the accompanying drawings explains the present invention in detail now.

Be depicted as:

Fig. 1 is for the cross section of the mounting block of the present invention of flat board of the present invention;

The sectional view of Fig. 2 structure of the present invention;

The cross section of structure among Fig. 3 Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 presses the thin portion of Fig. 3 of magnification ratio;

The orthographic plan of mounting block of the present invention among Fig. 5 Fig. 3;

The cross section of the another kind of embodiment of Fig. 6 structure of the present invention;

Fig. 7 A another kind is according to the orthographic plan of structure of the present invention;

The cross section of Fig. 7 B Fig. 7 A structure

Fig. 7 C another kind is according to the cross section of structure of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is according to the thin portion of the another kind of embodiment of structure of the present invention;

Fig. 9 to Figure 14 another kind is according to the embodiment cross section of structure of the present invention;

Figure 14 another kind is according to mounting block of the present invention;

Figure 15 and Figure 16 adopt Figure 14 structure according to embodiments of the invention.

Showed a kind ofly according to mounting block 4 of the present invention in Fig. 1 with cross section, it is used in particular for two blocks of adjacent planar formula building slabs, for example according to paving, floor of the present invention flat board, revetment panelling, elevation of building shell or congener.A middle part 5 is arranged on the mounting block, from its two ends, even if towards different directions discrete perpendicularly leg 6 and 7.Therefore in this patent scope, has this mounting block embodiment far from it.So can realize linking up, have bar shaped mounting block 4 at section shown in Figure 1, also have very big variation about material therefor here, it can be looked desired intensity and be made by metal, plastics or timber.But mounting block 4 also can be only by flat for example wire bending, adopts conspicuous shape moulding in Fig. 1, and several this mounting blocks use along the end face of plane formula building slab.

Mounting block also can constitute on its length extending direction like this, and promptly it only extends on the local end face of building slab.

For the form of implementation according to structure of the present invention of in Fig. 2, showing, plane formula building slab 1, for example floor wrapper plate, revetment panelling, elevation of building or congener are mated formation in a plane.Respectively establish free seam 11 between independent building slab one, its width is determined by the thickness of the middle part 5 of mounting block 4.But this road seam also can be left out when plate suffers plate and mats formation, and the end face of plane formula building slab 1 is directly continuous mutually like this.

As the square section to Fig. 2 that can see from Fig. 3, building slab 1 is fixed in screed, binding agent or the analogue.Also fixed mounting block 4 in this screed 3, the middle portion of each mounting block 5 is installed between the end face of building slab 1.Therefore consequent baste only allows conditional dilatational strain in the structural plan.A leg 7 of mounting block 4 is installed in than another leg 6 of mounting block 4 in the littler distance range of visible surface 10, and the common outside surface of building slab has been represented on this surface.Realized another variant of the present invention so in the present embodiment, wherein the position is inserted in the end face of building slab 1 apart from the nearer leg 7 of common surface, preferably inserts groove, for example in the tongue-and-groove 9 (Fig. 4) here.Can relate to blind hole or other groove according to the shape of mounting block 4 in this case just the samely.Can will be appreciated that another kind of variant of the present invention mutually among this external Fig. 3, promptly the position is fixed in the basic unit that is used for installing apart from the leg 6 of common coverage rate, is fixed in this example in the screed 3.Mounting block 4 is just by on the position that has been fixed on it well like this.This result who causes is, limited during mating formation since building slab sink to causing up to decline.The leg 6 of mounting block 4 also can be fixed on the base material by screw, nail or other connector, so each another leg 7 of 4 can remain on adjacent architectural member 1 on the identical level between fixing.

As from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 as can be seen, leg 6 can be furnished with duct 8 for this reason in addition, so even in being embedded into moist screed 3 time, mortar can pass from duct 8, purpose is at screed 3, produces tight, firm especially contact between floor and the mounting block.

According to another form of the present invention, the end face of member 1 with the contact area of leg in be recess, so just produced improve (Fig. 4) to 4 guiding between fixing.Enter with regard to the building slab 4 end faces degree on the top with regard to the middle part 5 of mounting block 4 is at this moment outstanding, and for determining that desirable joint gap between the adjacent panels 1 adapts to its requirement.When the middle part 5 of mounting block 4 enough embeds end face deeply, also can create one dilatation joint between building slab 1 here, like this, the expansion of building slab can here be offseted.

Fig. 6 has showed the another kind of embodiment according to structure of the present invention, here mounting block 4 leg 6 always is installed in the end face of adjacent architectural member 1, and its another leg is installed in the end face of another piece adjacent architectural member 1, middle part 5 has kept the free seam 11 between building slab, certainly clearly it only as seam.

Fig. 7 A has showed a kind of according to frame mode of the present invention, and a long and narrow planar shaped building slab 2 and 2 ' at this moment is installed between per two blocks of plane building slabs 1.

These long and narrow bars 2 and 2 ' all center on a building slab 1, have so just produced a surface tissue attractive in appearance.These two kinds of building slabs are made from a variety of materials, so routine plane formula face building slab 1 can be by stone material, for example marble, grouan or analogue make, surround it building slab 2 and 2 ' can by other material for example timber make.Can create many combinations with different materials in this way, they for example can be used for wall or ground plate moulding.The problem of this structure is, for example when heat or hygral expansion, and building slab 1 and 2,2 ' the very different material character.So such thing may take place.Promptly for this lay structure formation, wooden building member 2 and 2 ' is under bigger humidity, because in building slab 1 and 2, wet the rising between 2 ' during enough not big dilatation joint makes building slab 1 explosion made of stones.For stoping this situation, mounting fixing parts 4 between building slab, and its leg 7 is inserted into building slab 2, and in 2 ', and its another leg 6 is placed on the downside of building slab 1.The content of another problem is that timber is fixed on the floor with concealed manner, and does not paste, and is resolved equally by this frame mode problem.

The square section of structure among Fig. 7 A that in Fig. 7 B, can see.Planar shaped building slab 1 for example bonds with basic unit in screed or tack coat like this, and promptly it holds the leg 6 that mounting block 4 has duct 8 between basic unit and tack coat, and is firmly bondd with basic unit simultaneously.Another leg 7 of mounting block 4 always injects building slab 2, in 2 ' the groove, for example in one tongue-and-groove, building slab 2 like this, and 2 ' remains on its position with regard to fixture 4, but building slab 2,2 ' directly is flat in the basic unit, and does not have therebetween adhered layer or screed.Middle part 5 by means of mounting block 4 is positioned at the seam between building slab 1 and 2 or 2 ', is adjusted setting with outside banded form.

In Fig. 7 C, middle part 5 is manufactured so elongatedly with a kind of form of implementation of change slightly, so that it does not surpass the end face of building slab 2, just obtains the seam that connects together like this between building slab 1 and 2.But in building slab 1, also may provide this sunken recess just the samely.Lack connection by means of this road seam 11 and building slab 2 and basic unit, a kind ofly for example produce without restriction, thereby the execution of this distortion can not work by heat and moisture-induced dilatational strain.Therefore at first be disconnected by the shearing strain that produces between basic unit and building slab of expanding, so just the adjacent architectural member that can not occur has the resistance of harm.

Can also see another amplification details according to form of implementation of the present invention among this external Fig. 8, at this moment building slab 1 forms depression in a side of the leg 6 that mounting block 4 is arranged, and with the leg 6 that holds mounting block 4, leg 6 keeps flushing with the bottom coverage rate like this.This is especially useful when only use approaches the sticking mortar layer.Duct 8 is provided again in leg 6 here, and sticking mortar can be extruded by them.

Showed in Fig. 9 at the embodiment that adopts dilatation joint according to the structure of Fig. 2, at this moment free seam 11 together is set between each building slab 1, it also allows a kind of dilatational strain.It is similar to Fig. 7 and realizes by following manner, and promptly the middle part 5 of mounting block 4 disappears in the groove of building slab 1, so just provides free seam for dilatational strain.Here the leg 7 of mounting block 4 embeds in another road groove of building slab 1 end face in addition.Also hindered the sinking of building slab 1 in screed 3 by means of mounting block 4 here, the ground unfairness is to the not influence of mating formation of par like this.

Showed a kind of structure to this varied slightly in Figure 10, it has dilatation joint 11, also has simultaneously a space in mounting block 4, so just in middle part 5 with hold between its building slab 1 and vacate seam 12 together.Thereby just produced better payment possibility for dilatational strain.

In contrast, the structure that in Figure 11, shows, carry out to be that a kind of what is called is seamless mat formation, at this moment the end face of plane building slab 1 directly is adjacent to each other, so definitely there is not seam.Be used for the mounting block 4 that level is mated formation, as shown in the figure, in the hidden single face groove that is contained in each adjacent architectural member 1, also can be placed in the groove that provides for adjacent architectural member two sides.

Figure 12 has showed that according to another embodiment of the invention at this moment each mounting block 40 leg 46 is fixed on the base material, screws down here, and groove 50 interlocks of another leg 47 and building slab 1.Each adjacent architectural member 1 of mating formation is arranged in building slab 1 by means of the mounting block 41 that is fixed on above it, like this leg 46 and 42,45 and 43 and 47 and 44 overlapping placements.Leg 44 and groove 50 interlocks simultaneously, building slab 1 just has been brought on the position of building slab 1 par adjacent with it like this.The seam 11 of corresponding generation shows as outseam.

Figure 13 has showed the variant of a kind of embodiment that shows in Figure 12, the leg 41 of mounting block is received by the face of milling behind here, so just can form narrower together seam 11.

In Figure 14, drawn one according to mounting block 30 of the present invention, it has seen a middle part 34 from cross section, from it an end towards different directions discrete substantially perpendicularly first and second legs 31,33, and from its another end one basic and two other leg discrete abreast another leg 33.Realize the raising of connective stability whereby, even if thereby for heavy and plane building slab 1 plane formula can guarantee that also level is identical.

In Figure 15 and Figure 16 with cross-sectional form showed use according to the mounting block 30 of Figure 14 according to structural section figure of the present invention, at this moment middle part 34 is set between the end face of building slab 1, first and second legs 31 and 32 of all mounting blocks 30 simultaneously all are set in the leg 33 more other than all mounting blocks 30 distance littler with the surface is installed.Producing bright seam according to Figure 15 in 16 embodiment like this, its distance is determined by the thickness of middle part 34.After the jointing, can not find out mounting block 30 again from the visible surface of building slab 1.

According to a kind of variant of the present invention, leg 31 and 32 is inserted in the groove of adjacent architectural member 1 end face.These grooves can be tongue-and-groove, blind hole or analogue.This also depends on the shape of mounting block 30, and mounting block 30 for example can be manufactured to strip shows microscler slightly, perhaps Wan Qu wire unit.The front stands good at this to the criterion of having mentioned according to the mounting block of Fig. 1 about material.So each leg 33 building slab 1 in basic unit's upper support, at this moment leg 31 and 32 and the end face interlock of adjacent architectural member 1 has so just ensured par, and ensured prevent as shown in figure 16, the sinking in screed 3.By the support in this basic unit, the mixed form of basic unit can appear in all forms of implementation of the present invention, for example uses a mortar and a binding agent side by side with rotating, perhaps mortar and hard basic unit etc.By means of according to mounting block of the present invention, irrespectively realized par with used basic unit.

The fixed form of a kind of mounting block of selecting in Figure 15 and 16 is, leg 33 is maintained at the basic unit that is used for structure, and at this moment it is there for example by with screw-driving or be anchored in the screed.From one-sided, for example dot 50, perhaps from bilateral, here can be with a kind of simple especially mode, the seam 11 as dilatation joint is provided with adjusts to such an extent that can't see from the surface of building slab.Have the possibility of embedding leg 33 in addition according to the variant that represents in Figure 16, at this moment provide the duct in leg 33, it is filled up by mortar under the state that mounting block 30 is embedded in, thereby can better connect with the screed generation.

Among this external embodiment according to Figure 15, the end face of building slab 1 is concave shape in the contact area of leg 33, so leg 33 can be not outstanding.

In other form of the present invention, for the form of implementation of narrating previously, building slab in each width of cloth figure right side performance, the building slab 2 among Fig. 7 B and the 7C for example, can not use bed 3 to be layered in the basic unit, perhaps leave basic unit's certain distance, that is to say fluidly and mat formation, this makes according to mounting block scheme of the present invention becomes possibility.

The present invention it many mention several times aspect, the material of narrating when being not limited to begin.So in the invention thinking scope of using framework and packing material, adopt the variant of grafting plate or stone material plate in addition, they are connected and fixed reliably by timber or stick together with timber.Self-evident in addition, claim 8,15,23,24 only dates back to the claim of front especially, and, can not depend on that above-mentioned measure uses relevant object and method.

Claims

Modification according to the 19th of treaty

28, be used for two blocks of adjacent plane building slabs, for example floor wrapper plate, revetment panelling, elevation of building coverboard, as mounting block as described in one of claim of front, it is characterized in that, see that from cross section mounting block (30) has a middle part (34), from its end, towards different directions, substantially perpendicular discrete first and second legs (31,32), from its another end, with in other two legs (31,32) one discrete abreast another leg (33).

29, use mounting block as claimed in claim 28, by installing as claim 1,2, one of 8 to 14 or 23 described plane building slabs, the structure that for example floor covering, revetment panelling, elevation of building or congener are formed, it is characterized in that, middle part (34) is installed between the end face of building slab (1), and first (31) and second leg (32) of all mounting blocks (30) is installed in than another legs (33) of all mounting blocks (30) public outside surface from building slab, the surface for example is installed, in the littler distance.

30, structure as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that, at least with the first and second nearer legs (31 of common surface, 32) be inserted into the end face of building slab (1), the preferential insertion groove of selecting, for example in blind hole, tongue-and-groove or the congener, at this moment especially the position is fixed on the base material of structure apart from common surface leg far away (33).

31, as each the described structure in the claim 9 to 11, it is characterized in that, the end face of building slab (1) is recess-like in the zone of leg (33) contact, and/or leave common overlay planes position leg (33) far away and have duct (38).

32, have as described flat board of one of front claim and at least a floor as one of front claim described mounting block, dull and stereotyped by constituting as the described compound of one of front claim.

Claims (32)

1, be used in particular for ground, wall, furniture coverage rate, with the flat board that magnesite cement makes, adopt following proportioning: MgO: MgCl ₂About 1: 2.2 to 1: 2.8, preferably about 1: 2.55.

Filler and gelling material (MgO+MgCl ₂) about 1: 0.8 to 1: 2.5 of ratio, be preferably 1: 1.2 to 1: 1.8 particularly 1: 1.5.

2, flat board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the compound of following material is provided as filler: wood chip or other organic natural materials, and fragment is about 0.1 to 0.3mm, weight percent 0 to 60%, preferred weight percent 15-30%;

Mineral filler, for example stone flour, sand, mineral powder, scrap metal or congener, the about 10-60% of weight percent, the about 30-60% of preferred weight percent;

Pigment: the about 0-18% of weight percent;

The swelling material: for example acid excites wilkinite, the about 2-40% of weight percent, the about 10-30% of preferred weight percent;

Levigate casein or congener, for example Laab casein and/or acidic casein, the about 0.01-1% of weight percent;

Phosphoric acid ester or congener, the about 0.01-1% of weight percent;

Oil, preferred oleum lini and about 30% calcium hydroxide mix, the about 0.01-3% of weight percent.

3, be used to manufacture the method for mixture as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, use the alkali lye of 26-30BE (degree Beaume), be preferably 28BE, preferred density 1.24 (=be used to produce this mixture under 3.11g/l).

4, be used to manufacture dull and stereotyped as claimed in claim 1 or 2 mixture, MgO: MgCl ₂Be 1: 2.2 to 1: 2.8, preferred 1: 2.55, alkali lye was 26-30BE, is preferably 28BE.Preferred density 1.24 (=3.11g/l); Filler and gelling material (MgO+MgCl ₂) between ratio be 1: 0.8 to 1: 2.5, preferred 1: 1.2 to 1: 1.8, particularly 1: 1.5.

5, be used to manufacture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 dull and stereotyped method, it is characterized in that following processing step with mixture: wood chip by weight percent be 0.2% mix lime deep fat, particularly oleum lini dipping,

Take by weighing for the needed alkali lye of whole mixtures about 10%, with the poly-phosphate mix to dissolving,

Pigment optimization is admixed with the agitator of fast turn-around,

Add whole alkali lye now,

And then add casein, it preferably is dissolved in ammoniacal liquor before this and as clear as crystally is added into then,

Simultaneously or and then add organic or inorganic filler, and according to the swelling material of claim 2 according to claim 2, mix mixture then, the mix here is preferably under the bell vacuum (-tight) housing and carries out.

6, be used to manufacture as claim 1 or 2, the method of the described flat board of claim 5 particularly, it is characterized in that, the mixture that is mixed with filler be injected into framed in, perhaps be poured into the technology conveying belt, after this by means of vibration, for example short period of time, high-frequency vibration, cause inorganic or undissolved, particularly the inert solid material is intensive, then, solidifying, after the drying, polished, dipping and surface treatment and/or polishing as closely knit of the flat board that uses face.

7, as the top described method of arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, mixture is taken between two film conveying belt that run parallel, vibrated there frequently, carrying out for the first time between conveying belt, (chemistry) solidifies, then cut, preferably slough film at last and finish drying, and under pressure and/or heat condition, solidify sometimes by scale.

8, flat board as claimed in claim 1 or 2, or the building slab of plane formula (1), for example board, revetment panelling, elevation of building member or congener, it is characterized in that plane building slab (1) is by framework (2,20,21) and packing material (3) form, framework (2,20,21) and packing material (3) form as a whole part in not connecting discretely of user mode.

9, flat board as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, fusion pigment in the packing material (3).

10, flat board as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, framework (12) is closed circle or n dihedral, particularly square.

11, as the described flat board of claim 8 to 10, it is characterized in that, framework (20,21) from cross section, have for enlarging the groove (40 of contact area in side towards packing material (3), 41) or projection, they for example are semicircle, trilateral, perhaps adopt mounting block (5,50) shape, being projected in the packing material (3) of it, here mounting block is at first for example formed around being installed on the side of stopping composition waveform batten (5) by one, and perhaps the mounting block here is by spaced apart, inserting the pin (5) of framework (2) in the side of stopping composition (3) forms.

12, as one of the claim of front described flat board, it is characterized in that, net (7) be placed in framework (2) by in the side of filler (3) and extend on whole the internal surface in filler (3).

13, as one of the claim of front described flat board, it is characterized in that packing material is made up of the material that can solidify, particularly concrete, plastics, sawdust concrete, sawdust magnesium cement or timber, framework is made of wooden metal, plastics or stone material.

14, as one of the claim of front described flat board, it is characterized in that framework is made up of different materials with packing material.

15, use as claim 3,5 or 6 described hydraulic cementing materials (for example magnesite cement) are manufactured the method for plane building slab, it is characterized in that, separate medium at molding surface upper berth one deck, division plate (5) particularly, put a secondary framework (6) that limits area in the above, being in the material that flow to the thickness state is injected in the framework, and shakeout and/or vibrated, then after reaching enough material property, hold up framework (6), throw off, carry out the process of setting of back in view of the above from separating medium.

16, method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, building slab that is to say when solidifying (12) for the first time, when reaching the self stability of packing material, is in the position near level, is brought to subvertical position after holding up.

17, method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, during process of setting, says exactly during drying, is in two sides of the packing material (7) near the vertical position, is streamed as far as possible equably by air.

18, as the described method of one of claim 15 to 17, it is characterized in that, building slab is solidifying (13) afterwards for the second time, at least on a side, polished, before this or after this and/or, by the surface modification dielectric soak, and/or framework (for example being replaceable framework) is after process of setting for the first time or for the second time, be removed.

19, as one of the claim of front described method, it is characterized in that, for fixed frame (16) and division plate (5,19), their are held by boring by in the inner vacuum that produces of hollow stationary installation, and the preferred elastomeric plate is used as the medium that helps to seal and comes into operation here.

20, be used to implement stationary installation as method as described in the claim 19, it is characterized in that, the plane porous insert that has a vacuum-pumping has on its surface by mat (19) and can be drilled to hole (3) by what select sealing, but and one be used for the valve-off that vacuum connects.

As the described method of one of claim 15 to 19, it is characterized in that 21, framework (6) is waterproof and obtains better aeroseal, for example uses shellac pre-soaked.

22, be used to implement device as method as described in one of claim 15 to 19, it is characterized in that, division plate (5) is made by soft rubber, and/or it is recessed slightly in the zone of framework (16), and/or its surface manufactured to such an extent that texture arranged, saying exactly provides raised pattern, preferentially selects division plate (5) to have in the zone of framework (6) here and inhales hole and groove (8).

23, produce, have at least the furniture flat board or the building slab (6a) that do not have the crooked groove that connects together with timber or the material that is similar to timber, it is characterized in that, this road groove by as claimed in claim 1 or 2, by hydraulic cementing materials, particularly magnesium gelatinous material (7), the packing material formed of sawdust magnesium cement preferably, be filled with close-shaped, and ground to such an extent that keep same level with the surface of flat board.

24, near or be used for as described two blocks of adjacent plane building slabs of one of front claim or flat board, the mounting block of floor wrapper plate, revetment panelling, elevation of building shell or congener for example, it is characterized in that, mounting block (4) is from cross section, have a middle part (5), from its two ends, towards different directions, substantially perpendicular discrete leg (6,7).

25, have mounting block as claimed in claim 1, by as one of the claim of front described plane formula building slab.And it is particularly dull and stereotyped, the structure formed of floor coverage rate, revetment panelling, elevation of building plate or congener for example, it is characterized in that, middle part (5) is set between the end face of building slab (1), a leg (7) of all mounting blocks (4) is set at the common plane than another leg (6) Yu the building slab of all mounting blocks (4), for example in the nearer distance of the visible surface of structure.

26, structure as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, at least the position is inserted in the end face of building slab (1) with common surperficial nearer leg (7), groove of preferred insertion, for example blind hole, tongue-and-groove or congener, at this moment especially the position is left common surface leg far away (6) and is maintained at the basic unit that is used for structure.

27, as claim 25 or 26 described structures, it is characterized in that, the end face of building slab (1) is at leg (6,7) being recess-like in the contact area constitutes, at this moment preferential selected location leaves the leg (6) that common surface far places and has duct (8), and/or in an end face of plane formula building slab (1), provide one groove (50), the leg (47) of mounting block (40) inserts in it, and the leg 44 that is installed in another mounting block (41) on the adjacent architectural member end face also can embed groove (50), so superimposed keeping flat of mounting block (40,41).

28, be used for two blocks of building slabs of plane formula when adjacent, for example board, revetment panelling, elevation of building coverboard, particularly as one of the claim of front described congener, it is characterized in that, mounting block (30) is from cross section, a middle part (34) is arranged, from its end, towards different directions, with its substantially vertically discrete first and second legs (31,32), from its another end, in basic and two other leg (31,32) one discrete abreast another leg (33).

29, tool is with mounting block as claimed in claim 28, by particularly as claim 1,2,8 to 14 or 23 described plane formula building slabs, the structure that for example floor covering, revetment panelling, elevation of building or congener are formed, it is characterized in that, middle part (34) is installed between the end face of building slab (1), first (31) and second leg (32) of all mounting blocks (30), be installed in another leg (33) than all mounting blocks (30) apart from common surface, for example in the distance that the visible surface of structure is littler.

30, structure as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that, at least with the first and second nearer legs (31 of common surface, 32) be inserted into the end face of building slab (1), the preferential insertion groove of selecting, for example in blind hole, tongue-and-groove or the congener, at this moment especially the position is fixed on the base material of structure apart from common surface leg far away (33).

31, as each the described structure in the claim 9 to 11, it is characterized in that, the end face of building slab (1) is recess-like in the zone of leg (33) contact, and/or leave common overlay planes position leg (33) far away and have duct (38).

32, have as described flat board of one of front claim and at least a floor as one of front claim described mounting block, dull and stereotyped by constituting as the described compound of one of front claim.

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