CN116221735A - Oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method - Google Patents

Oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116221735A
CN116221735A CN202310319002.6A CN202310319002A CN116221735A CN 116221735 A CN116221735 A CN 116221735A CN 202310319002 A CN202310319002 A CN 202310319002A CN 116221735 A CN116221735 A CN 116221735A
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oil
gasification melting
slag
plasma
drill cuttings
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Inventor
于海龙
吴徐磊
段欣滢
王海博
陈海飞
王超前
胡骏
孙运兰
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Changzhou University
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Changzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dangerous waste incineration, in particular to an oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and an oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method, comprising a furnace body, wherein a gasification melting chamber and a slag discharge port are arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom; slag in the gasification melting chamber flows into the chilling pool through the slag discharging port to form a glass body. The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace solves the problems that the traditional oil-based drilling cuttings treatment mode is not thorough in treatment, secondary pollution is easy to generate, the treatment efficiency is low, the environmental protection performance is poor, and the like.

Description

Oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dangerous waste incineration, in particular to an oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and an oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method.
Background
The drilling oil-based drilling cuttings are incorporated into HW08 hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste list, and the whole life cycle of transportation, disposal and the like of the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings is managed according to the hazardous waste. The components of the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings are quite complex, and the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings are generally mainly composed of oil substances, water, rock fragments, macromolecular organic matters and other impurities, and have toxicity, wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon substances are difficult to degrade in the environment, and a large amount of accumulation can have great influence on the environment. Therefore, it must be treated before it can be discharged.
Currently, the treatment technology of oil-based drilling cuttings is mainly divided into physical, chemical, biological and multi-mode composite treatment modes, wherein physical methods comprise centrifugation, dehydration, landfill, reinjection and the like, physical and chemical methods mainly comprise surfactant washing, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, supercritical subcritical water treatment and the like, chemical methods comprise pyrolysis methods, incineration methods, microwave heating treatment and the like, and biological methods comprise composting, land cultivation and the like. Several conventional treatments have their own advantages and disadvantages as shown in table one:
treatment method Advantages are that Disadvantages
Curing Simple process and low cost Crude oil is not recovered, and has hidden environmental pollution
Drying method Crude oil recovery, simple equipment Foreign equipment is not rented and sold and only serves as technical service
Pyrolysis at high temperature Recovering crude oil and degrading thoroughly High energy consumption and high investment
Incineration of Waste is thoroughly reduced and treated High investment and treatment cost and secondary pollution
Physical and chemical separation Crude oil is recovered, and the energy consumption of equipment is low Limited separation effect and difficult subsequent water treatment
Microbial treatment Thoroughly degrade and has low treatment cost Long treatment period and large occupied area
List one
Obviously, the oil-based drilling cuttings are generally treated in a short time, so that the problems of high energy consumption, easiness in causing secondary pollution, low comprehensive utilization efficiency and the like are generally solved. Therefore, how to clean and efficiently perform innocent treatment and recycling on oil-based drill cuttings generated on a large scale becomes a major concern for the petrochemical industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the method aims at solving the technical problem of serious environmental pollution of the traditional drilling oil-based drilling cuttings treatment mode. The invention provides an oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace, which solves the problems of incomplete treatment, easy secondary pollution generation, low treatment efficiency, poor environmental protection and the like of the traditional oil-based drilling cuttings treatment mode, can effectively avoid the generation of gas pollutants such as dioxin and the like through gasification and melting treatment of high-temperature plasmas, and can seal solid harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like in glass bodies to avoid secondary pollution. The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein a gasification melting chamber and a slag discharge port are arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom, a chilling pool is arranged below the furnace body, and the chilling pool is connected with the furnace body;
the side wall of the gasification melting chamber is provided with a feed inlet and a gasifying agent inlet, oil-based drill cuttings in a slag form enter the gasification melting chamber through the feed inlet, a high-temperature plasma torch is arranged in the gasification melting chamber, the temperature in the gasification melting chamber is 1000-1850 ℃, a crucible is arranged in the gasification melting chamber, a diversion groove is arranged at the periphery of the crucible, an exhaust port is arranged at the upper side of the gasification melting chamber, and the exhaust port is connected with a quenching purification device through an exhaust pipe;
the slag discharge port is connected with the gasification melting chamber through a flow guide groove, the oil-based drilling cuttings in a molten state flow into the slag discharge port through the flow guide groove, a semicircular groove with an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees is arranged in the slag discharge port, and an anti-slagging plasma torch is arranged on the side wall of the slag discharge port;
the chilling pond is connected with the slag discharging port, and slag in the gasification melting chamber flows into the chilling pond through the slag discharging port to form a glass body.
According to the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace, the exhaust port is arranged on the plasma gasification melting furnace, so that the plasma gasification melting furnace is connected with the quenching purification equipment, the long-time stay of the synthesis gas in the temperature range of 200-800 ℃ is avoided, and the secondary pollution of dioxin, heavy metals and the like to the environment in the oil-based drilling cuttings treatment process is avoided.
Further, a five-layer fireproof heat-insulating and supporting structure is adopted, the furnace wall of the plasma gasification melting furnace adopts five-layer fireproof heat-resisting materials, the inner layer adopts high chrome bricks as furnace lining fire-facing fireproof materials after electric melting treatment, the second layer on the inner side adopts a whole chrome corundum brick as backing fireproof materials and is used as a furnace wall supporting structure layer, and the third layer on the inner side adopts Al 2 O 3 The hollow ball brick is used as a heat insulation material, the fourth layer on the inner side is high Wen Yanmian as a filling heat insulation material, and the outermost layer is 304 stainless steel as a shell supporting material.
Further, the feeding pipeline is arranged to be an auger conveyor, an outlet of the auger conveyor is connected with the feeding port, and a baffle sealing device is arranged at the feeding port to prevent the synthesis gas from overflowing outwards from the feeding port.
Further, a crucible is arranged below the high-temperature plasma torch, the crucible is loaded with slag-flowing oil-based drill cuttings entering the gasification melting chamber through the feeding pipe, under the high temperature of a plasma hot flow of the high-temperature plasma torch, the oil-based drill cuttings are rapidly melted into a molten state in the crucible, a spout-shaped overflow port is arranged at the upper right of the crucible, and the molten oil-based drill cuttings overflow and flow into a diversion groove connected with the overflow port.
Further, the side wall of the slag discharge port is provided with a plurality of anti-slagging plasma torches, the anti-slagging plasma torches are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the side wall of the slag discharge port, and the anti-slagging plasma torches are equidistantly arranged.
Further, the anti-slagging plasma torches are arranged up and down and are distributed on the same side, the top end and the bottom end of the side wall of the slag discharge port are arranged at set intervals, plasma jet generated by the anti-slagging plasma torches provides heat of oil-based drill cuttings in a molten state, the temperature of slag is ensured to be more than 1450 ℃, and slag is ensured not to be slagging when flowing in the semicircular channel.
Further, after overflowing, the molten oil-based drill cuttings flow into diversion grooves arranged at the periphery and the right end of the crucible, and flow into a chilling pool under the furnace body through the semicircular groove, and cooling water in the chilling pool rapidly cools and solidifies molten liquid to form inert and stable glass bodies to wrap toxic substances inside.
Further, the semicircular channel is connected with the chilling pond through the slag discharge port, the chilling pond is provided with a conveying belt connected with the vitreous body collecting pond, the conveying belt conveys the vitreous body formed after chilling into the vitreous body collecting pond, and the chilling pond is connected with the circulating water pump.
Further, the oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace is removably mounted on a 2 x 4m plate with a syngas treatment system. The oil-based drilling cuttings can be sent into a freight car to be transported to an oil well exploitation site to treat the oil-based drilling cuttings by additionally arranging a protection around the oil-based drilling cuttings, and meanwhile, all equipment can be detached from the steel plate, and the position of the equipment is adjusted according to the condition of the treatment site.
Further, the synthesis gas generated by the plasma gasification melting furnace is collected and utilized after being quenched, dedusted and sprayed in the synthesis gas treatment system, and is directly used by being introduced into a thermal power plant or a heat exchanger is arranged in the flow so as to recycle the waste heat of the synthesis gas. The secondary combustion chamber is not additionally arranged, the synthesis gas is collected and utilized after passing through the synthesis gas treatment system and is directly used by being introduced into a thermal power plant, or a heat exchanger is arranged in the flow, so that the waste heat of the synthesis gas can be recycled, and the energy utilization rate of the whole device is further improved. Compared with the traditional high-temperature plasma gasification system, the system reduces
Figure BDA0004150956210000041
The damage accords with the national development strategy of energy conservation and environmental protection.
The invention also provides a treatment method of the oil-based drilling cuttings, which adopts the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and comprises the following steps:
step 1: pretreating the collected drilling oil-based drill cuttings, and continuously feeding the pretreated slag-shaped oil-based drill cuttings into a gasification melting chamber of a high-temperature plasma melting furnace through a timing and quantitative feeder.
Step 2: the slag-flowing oil-based drilling cuttings fall into a crucible arranged in a gasification melting chamber, a large amount of heat energy is generated by a high-temperature plasma torch, the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings in the crucible are continuously heated and melted, the average internal temperature of a hearth is between 1000 ℃ and 1500 ℃, most toxic and harmful substances in the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings can be destroyed, and the organic part in the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings is rapidly gasified to generate H-shaped drilling cuttings 2 And the combustible synthesis gas mainly containing CO, after the inorganic part and the residual toxic and harmful substances are melted, the molten synthesis gas flows into a chilling pond through a well-arranged semicircular channel and is cooled to form an inert stable glass body.
Step 3: after the slag-flowing oil-based drilling cuttings are thermally cracked in the high-temperature plasma melting furnace, the generated synthesis gas sequentially enters a quenching purification device, a condenser and a washing tower through a synthesis gas pipeline arranged at the top of the gasification melting chamber side to remove dust, cool and wash, and the H2 and CO-based combustible synthesis gas can be directly communicated into a power plant to burn and generate electricity, so that the resource waste is avoided.
The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace has the beneficial effects that the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace is compact in core equipment structure, and a crucible is arranged in a hearth, so that continuous or indirect feeding can be realized, and the waste oil-based drilling cuttings to be treated can be fully reacted. The bottom of the hearth is provided with the chilling pool, so that the phenomenon that molten substances are cooled not rapidly enough is prevented, secondary pollution is caused, and meanwhile, energy loss is reduced. The semicircular channels are arranged on the periphery below the crucible and above the chilling pool and used for controlling the flow direction of molten liquid substances, so that the treatment efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the probability of slag bonding in the furnace is reduced.
A plurality of plasma torches are arranged in the slag discharge port, slag is effectively prevented from being bonded in the semicircular channel, equipment, pipelines and valves are prevented from being blocked and corroded due to scaling, and when serious, replacement treatment is carried out, so that the service life of the equipment is prolonged. Slag is not bonded in the semicircular channel, so that the quenching amount entering the quenching pool is increased, the formation amount of glass bodies is increased, and the resource utilization rate is increased.
The melted inorganic matters and the residual toxic and harmful matters are discharged into a chilling pond through a discharge port to form inert and stable glass bodies, the strength of the glass bodies meets the specified requirements of building materials, and the glass bodies can be used as roadbed and building materials, and effectively utilize resources.
The conveyer belt in auger conveyer and the chilling pond is used, so that the whole plasma gasification melting process is guaranteed to be continuously carried out, the long-period safe and stable operation of the gasification melting furnace is guaranteed, the whole system is semi-automatically controlled, the labor cost is reduced, and the safety and the treatment efficiency of treating oil-based drilling cuttings can be improved through data analysis operation.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overflow and flow guiding grooves of the oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the in-feed pipe auger delivery apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a plasma torch of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a timing and dosing machine; 2. a feed pipe; 3. a feed inlet; 4. a furnace wall; 5. a high temperature plasma torch; 6. a gasification melting chamber; 7. an exhaust port; 8. a temperature measuring point; 9. a pressure measuring point; 10. an exhaust pipe; 11. a crucible; 12. a flow guiding groove; 13. a reserved port of a temperature thermocouple probe; 14. a gasifying agent inlet; 15. an anti-slagging plasma torch; 16. a slag discharge port; 17. a semicircular channel; 18. a chilling pool; 19. a conveyor belt; 20. a circulating water pump; 21. an overflow port; 22. a motor; 23. an auger conveyor inlet; 24. a spiral channel; 25. a sealing baffle; a. a cathode joint; b. a cathode; c. an anode joint; d. an anode; e. a plasma gas channel; f. restraining the helical magnetic coil.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure of the invention and therefore show only the structures which are relevant to the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, features defining "first", "second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein a gasification melting chamber 6, a slag discharging port 16 and a chilling pool 18 are sequentially arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom.
The operation temperature of the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace is 1000-1850 ℃, the temperature in the furnace is high, the environment is bad, and the requirements on refractory materials are high, so the furnace wall 4 is adoptedThe fire-resistant and heat-resistant material is composed of fire-surface refractory material, back-lining refractory material, heat-insulating and heat-preserving material and filling heat-preserving material from inside to outside. The fire facing refractory material adopts high chrome brick and Cr 2 O 3 And the backing refractory material is positioned at the back of the fire-facing refractory material and plays a vital supporting role, the backing refractory material adopts a chrome corundum brick, the chrome corundum brick is a corundum refractory brick containing Cr2O3, an Al2O3 hollow ball brick is used as a heat insulation and heat preservation material, rock wool is used as a filling and heat preservation material, and the outermost layer adopts Q235 steel wrapping furnace wall 4.
The gasification melting chamber 6 is a main place for the plasma gasification melting of oil-based drilling cuttings, a feed inlet 3 and a gasifying agent inlet 14 are arranged on the side wall of the gasification melting chamber 6, the feed inlet 3 is connected with the timing and quantitative feeder 1 through a feed pipe 2, slag-flowing oil-based drilling cuttings are conveyed into the plasma gasification melting furnace, the feed inlet 3 and the gasifying agent inlet 14 are respectively positioned on two sides of the plasma gasification melting furnace, an auger conveyor is arranged in the feed pipe 2 and is used for pushing the slag-flowing oil-based drilling cuttings to carry out spiral conveying, wherein the auger conveyor is driven by a motor 22, the auger conveyor further comprises an auger conveyor inlet 23, the auger conveyor inlet 23 is communicated with one end of a spiral channel 24, the other end of the spiral channel 24 is connected with a sealing baffle 25, a sealing device is arranged at the feed inlet 3 and used for preventing synthetic gas from overflowing outwards from the feed inlet 3, and the gasifying agent inlet 14 is used for adding oxidizing gas to change the gasification atmosphere in the furnace. The top of the gasification melting chamber 6 side is provided with an exhaust port 7, and the exhaust port 7 is connected with an air inlet of the quenching dust remover through an exhaust pipeline 10 and is used for discharging the synthesis gas in the gasification melting chamber 6 into a synthesis gas treatment system for treatment.
The synthetic gas outlet pipeline 10 is also made of refractory and heat-resistant materials, and a temperature measuring point 8 and a pressure measuring point 9 are reserved on the pipeline. A temperature thermocouple probe reserved opening 13 is arranged on the side wall of the gasification melting chamber 6.
The top of the gasification melting chamber 6 is provided with a reserved position for installing the high-temperature plasma torch 5, the high-temperature plasma torch 5 is vertically arranged at the top of the gasification melting chamber 6, the central axis of the high-temperature plasma torch 5 is coincident with the central axis of the plasma gasification melting furnace, and the high-temperature plasma torch 5 is vertically downwards arranged and fixed by a flange.
The structure of the high temperature plasma torch 5 is shown in fig. 4, wherein a is a cathode connector, b is a cathode, c is an anode connector d is an anode, e is a plasma gas channel, and f is a confinement helical magnetic coil. The structure of the high temperature plasma torch 5 is a prior art and will not be described here in detail.
The timing and quantitative feeding machine 1 is connected with pretreatment equipment and is connected with the feeding pipe 2, oil-based drill cuttings are subjected to pretreatment through the pretreatment equipment, the pretreated slag-shaped oil-based drill cuttings are fed into the feeding pipe 2 in a timing and quantitative mode through the timing and quantitative feeding machine 1, fall into a crucible 11 below the high-temperature plasma moment 5 through a feeding hole 3, the oil-based drill cuttings are rapidly melted into liquid state in the crucible 11 under the high-temperature action of a high-temperature plasma hot flow strand, liquid substances overflow when reaching a certain amount, an overflow hole 21 similar to a spout shape is formed in the side top of the crucible 11, the melted oil-based drill cuttings flow into the diversion groove 12 through the overflow hole 21 after overflowing, flow into the slag discharge hole 16 through the diversion groove 12, a semicircular groove 17 with an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees is arranged in the slag discharge hole, and the inlet of the semicircular groove 17 is connected with the outlet of the diversion groove 12.
The side wall of the slag discharge port 16 is provided with an anti-slagging plasma torch 15 for preventing the molten oil-based drill cuttings from slagging again when the semicircular channel 17 flows, the slag discharge port is arranged below the slag discharge port 15, the semicircular channel 17 is connected with the chilling pond 18 through the slag discharge port, the molten oil-based drill cuttings enter the chilling pond 18 through the slag discharge port from the semicircular channel 17, cooling water in the chilling pond 18 rapidly cools and solidifies molten liquid to form an inert stable glass body which wraps toxic substances inside, and the glass body has the characteristics of high strength and high stability and can be used as building materials such as roadbeds and bridges.
The oil-based drill cuttings in the molten state flowing out of the gasification melting chamber 6 can be directly introduced into the chilling pond 18 for cooling, but are easy to cool in the flowing process and slag in the pipeline, so that the pipeline flow is reduced, and the pipeline blockage phenomenon can occur when serious, so that the slag discharge port is blocked, and the oil-based drill cuttings in the molten state cannot be timely introduced into the chilling pond 18 for cooling to form a glass body, thereby influencing the working efficiency of equipment and reducing the service life of the equipment.
Therefore, the invention selects to arrange a slag discharging port 16 for slag diversion below the gasification melting chamber 6, the melted oil-based drilling cuttings from the overflow port 21 of the crucible 11 enter the slag discharging port 16 through a diversion groove with a very short length, a semicircular groove 17 with an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees is arranged in the slag discharging port 16, the inlet of the semicircular groove 17 is connected with the outlet of the diversion groove 12, a plurality of slag-bonding prevention plasma torches 15 which are perpendicular to the side wall and are parallel and equidistant are arranged on the same side wall of the slag discharging port 16, and the slag-bonding prevention plasma torches 15 are arranged between the top end and the bottom end of the slag discharging port at a set interval.
The molten oil-based drill cuttings flow in the slag discharging port 16 through the semicircular channel 17, the molten oil-based drill cuttings are exposed to the outside, a plurality of groups of slag-bonding prevention plasma torches 15 work simultaneously to generate parallel high-temperature jet flows, the parallel high-temperature jet flows sequentially irradiate the surface of the molten oil-based drill cuttings flowing in the pipeline of the semicircular channel 17 from top to bottom, the molten oil-based drill cuttings cannot continue to be pyrolyzed, the slag-bonding prevention plasma torches 15 provide temperature for flowing slag, and the temperature of the slag is ensured to be more than 1450 ℃ so as to ensure that slag bonding cannot be cooled.
The melted oil-based drilling cuttings flow through the semicircular channel 17 and enter the chilling pool 18 through a slag discharge port at the bottom of the slag discharge port, and cold water in the chilling pool 18 can cool the melted oil-based drilling cuttings to form inert and stable glass bodies. The inside conveyer belt 19 that is provided with of quench tank 18, conveyer belt 19 slope setting, the left half of conveyer belt 19 submerges in the cooling water in quench tank 18, and the conveyer belt 19 both sides are provided with the protective cradle, and the conveyer belt 19 surface is provided with the anti-skidding groove, and conveyer belt 19 can continue the operation, and the slag vitreous body after cooling in quench tank 18 is arranged to the slag collecting tank by conveyer belt 19 in waiting to handle, and circulating water pump 20 guarantees that the cooling water in the quench tank 18 is sufficient.
The invention also provides a treatment method of the oil-based drilling cuttings, which adopts the high-temperature plasma gasification melting furnace and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: the collected drilling oil-based drill cuttings are pretreated, and the pretreated slag-like oil-based drill cuttings are continuously fed into a gasification melting chamber 6 of a high-temperature plasma melting furnace through a timing and quantitative feeder.
Step 2: the slag-flowing oil-based drill cuttings fall into a crucible 11 arranged in a gasification melting chamber 6, a large amount of heat energy is generated by a high-temperature plasma torch 5, the drilling oil-based drill cuttings in the crucible 11 are continuously heated and melted, the average internal temperature of a hearth is between 1000 ℃ and 1500 ℃, most toxic and harmful substances in the drilling oil-based drill cuttings can be destroyed, and the organic parts in the drilling oil-based drill cuttings are rapidly gasified to generate H-shaped drill cuttings 2 And CO-based combustible synthesis gas, after the inorganic part and the residual toxic and harmful substances are melted, the molten CO-based combustible synthesis gas flows into a chilling pond 18 through a semicircular channel 17, and is cooled to form inert and stable glass bodies.
Step 3: after the flowing slag-shaped oil-based drilling cuttings are thermally cracked in a high-temperature plasma melting furnace, the generated synthesis gas sequentially enters a quenching purification device, a condenser and a washing tower through a synthesis gas pipeline arranged at the top of the side 6 of the gasification melting chamber to be dedusted, cooled and washed, so that relatively pure H is obtained 2 And the CO is mainly combustible synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas can be directly connected into a power plant for combustion power generation, so that resource waste is avoided.
The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method, the oil-based drilling cuttings high-temperature plasma gasification melting furnace can completely convert carbon-based wastes in drilling oil-based drilling cuttings into inert glass bodies and combustible synthesis gas, and is more efficient compared with other technologies.
Compared with the traditional treatment technology, the high-temperature plasma gasification melting furnace for the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings can completely decompose nitrogen oxides, dioxins and other toxic and harmful substances in the drilling oil-based drilling cuttings, and the toxic and harmful substances in ash residues after the oil-based drilling cuttings are melted are cooled by the chilling pond 18 and are stored in the melted inorganic matters to form harmless and stable inert glass bodies.
The exhaust port 7 is arranged on the plasma gasification melting furnace, the plasma gasification melting furnace is connected with the quenching purification equipment, so that the long-time stay of the synthesis gas at the temperature of 200-800 ℃ or above is avoided, and the secondary pollution of dioxin, heavy metals and the like to the environment in the oil-based drilling cuttings treatment process is avoided.
A plurality of groups of anti-slagging plasma torches 15 are arranged in the slag discharge port, so that the temperature of the oil-based drilling cuttings in a molten state is ensured to reach 1450 ℃, slag slagging in a semicircular channel is effectively avoided, the resource utilization rate is increased, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.
The combustible synthetic gas and the vitreous body generated by the high-temperature plasma gasification melting furnace for drilling oil-based drilling cuttings can be recycled, and the overall energy consumption of the system is greatly reduced from the viewpoint of energy utilization.
In conclusion, the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and the oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method solve the outstanding problems of resource waste, high cost, low efficiency, environmental pollution and the like of the traditional oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method. The use of the oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace fundamentally solves the pollution source. The whole furnace adopts semi-automatic control, reduces labor cost, and can improve the safety and the treatment efficiency of treating the oil-based drilling cuttings through data analysis operation. The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace is connected with a synthesis gas treatment system, can recycle waste heat of the synthesis gas, further improves the energy utilization rate of the whole set of device, and compared with the traditional high-temperature plasma gasification furnace, the system reduces
Figure BDA0004150956210000111
Damage.
The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace can run under full load in a severe environment, and is more efficient, safer, more reliable and pollution-free compared with other treatment modes.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined as the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. An oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace comprises a furnace body, and is characterized in that a gasification melting chamber (6) and a slag discharging port (16) are arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom, a chilling pool (18) is arranged below the furnace body, and the chilling pool (18) is connected with the furnace body;
the side wall of the gasification melting chamber (6) is provided with a feed inlet (3) and a gasifying agent inlet (14), slag-shaped oil-based drill cuttings enter the gasification melting chamber (6) through the feed inlet (3), a high-temperature plasma torch (5) is arranged in the gasification melting chamber (6), the temperature in the gasification melting chamber (6) is 1000-1850 ℃, a crucible (11) is arranged in the gasification melting chamber (6), a diversion groove (12) is formed in the periphery of the crucible (11), an exhaust port (7) is formed in the upper side of the gasification melting chamber (6), and the exhaust port (7) is connected with a quenching purification device through an exhaust pipe (10);
the slag discharging port (16) is connected with the gasification melting chamber (6) through the flow guiding groove (12), oil-based drilling cuttings in a molten state flow into the slag discharging port (16) through the flow guiding groove (12), a semicircular groove (17) with an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees is arranged in the slag discharging port (16), and a slag-bonding prevention plasma torch (15) is arranged on the side wall of the slag discharging port (16);
the chilling pond (18) is connected with the slag discharging opening (16), and slag in the gasification melting chamber (6) flows into the chilling pond (18) through the slag discharging opening (16) to form a glass body.
2. The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein a five-layer refractory heat-preserving and supporting structure is adopted, a furnace wall (4) of the plasma gasification melting furnace adopts five-layer refractory heat-resistant materials, an inner layer adopts high-chromium bricks which are subjected to electric melting treatment and serve as furnace lining fire-facing refractory materials, an inner side second layer adopts a whole-piece chrome corundum brick as a backing refractory material and serves as a furnace wall supporting structure layer, and an inner side third layer adopts Al 2 O 3 The hollow ball brick is used as a heat insulation material, the fourth layer on the inner side is high Wen Yanmian as a filling heat insulation material, and the outermost layer is 304 stainless steel as a shell supporting material.
3. The oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the feed inlet (3) is communicated with the feed pipe (2), the feed pipe (2) is arranged as an auger conveyor, an outlet of the auger conveyor is connected with the feed inlet (3), and a baffle sealing device is arranged at the feed inlet (3) to prevent the synthesis gas from overflowing outwards from the feed inlet (3).
4. The oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 3, wherein a crucible (11) is arranged below the high-temperature plasma torch (5), the crucible (11) is loaded with oil-based drill cuttings in a slag-flowing state entering the gasification melting chamber (6) through the feeding pipe (2), under the high temperature effect of a plasma hot flow of the high-temperature plasma torch (5), the oil-based drill cuttings are rapidly melted into a molten state in the crucible (11), a spout-shaped overflow port (21) is arranged at the upper right of the crucible (11), and the molten oil-based drill cuttings flow into a diversion groove (12) connected with the overflow port (21) after overflowing.
5. The oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of anti-slagging plasma torches (15) are arranged on the side wall of the slag discharge opening (16), the anti-slagging plasma torches (15) are mutually parallel and perpendicular to the side wall of the slag discharge opening (16), and the anti-slagging plasma torches (15) are equidistantly arranged.
6. The oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of slag-bonding prevention plasma torches (15) are arranged up and down and are distributed on the same side, the top end and the bottom end of the side wall of the slag discharging port (16) are arranged at set intervals, plasma jet generated by the slag-bonding prevention plasma torches (15) provides heat of oil-based drill cuttings in a molten state, the temperature of slag is ensured to be more than 1450 ℃, and slag is ensured not to be bonded when the slag flows in the semicircular channel (17).
7. The oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 6, wherein the oil-based drill cuttings in a molten state overflows and flows into a diversion groove (12) arranged at the periphery and the right end of a crucible (11), and flows into a lower furnace chilling tank (18) through the semicircular channel (17), and cooling water in the chilling tank (18) rapidly cools and solidifies molten liquid to form an inert stable glass body to wrap toxic substances inside.
8. The oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to claim 7, wherein the semicircular channel (17) is connected with a chilling tank (18) through a slag discharge port (16), the chilling tank (18) is provided with a conveying belt (19) connected with a vitreous body collecting tank, the conveying belt (19) conveys the quenched vitreous body into the vitreous body collecting tank, and the chilling tank (18) is connected with a circulating water pump (20).
9. The oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace of claim 1 wherein the oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace is removably mounted on a 2 x 4m plate with a syngas treatment system.
10. A method of treating oil-based drill cuttings using the oil-based drill cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
step 1: pretreating the collected drilling oil-based drill cuttings, and continuously feeding the pretreated slag-like oil-based drill cuttings into a gasification melting chamber (6) of a high-temperature plasma melting furnace through a timing and quantitative feeder (1);
step 2: the slag-flowing oil-based drill cuttings fall into a crucible (11) arranged in a gasification melting chamber (6), a large amount of heat energy is generated by a high-temperature plasma torch (5), the drilling oil-based drill cuttings in the crucible (11) are continuously heated and melted, the internal temperature of a hearth is between 1000 ℃ and 1500 ℃ on average, most toxic and harmful substances in the drilling oil-based drill cuttings can be destroyed, and the organic parts in the drilling oil-based drill cuttings are rapidly gasified to generate H-shaped gas 2 And CO is the main combustible synthetic gas, after the inorganic part and the residual toxic and harmful substances are melted, the molten synthetic gas flows into a chilling pond (18) through a arranged semicircular channel (17) and is cooled to form inert and stable glass body;
step 3: after the slag-flowing oil-based drilling cuttings are thermally cracked in a high-temperature plasma melting furnace, the generated synthesis gas sequentially enters a quenching purification device, a condenser and a washing tower for dedusting, cooling and washing through a synthesis gas pipeline arranged at the top of the gasification melting chamber (6) side, and H is used as a gas source 2 And the CO is mainly combustible synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas can be directly connected into a power plant for combustion power generation, so that resource waste is avoided.
CN202310319002.6A 2023-03-29 2023-03-29 Oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method Pending CN116221735A (en)

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CN202310319002.6A CN116221735A (en) 2023-03-29 2023-03-29 Oil-based drilling cuttings plasma gasification melting furnace and oil-based drilling cuttings treatment method

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