CN116220867A - Exhaust gas treatment system for ammonia fuel engine and ammonia fuel engine - Google Patents

Exhaust gas treatment system for ammonia fuel engine and ammonia fuel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116220867A
CN116220867A CN202310411886.8A CN202310411886A CN116220867A CN 116220867 A CN116220867 A CN 116220867A CN 202310411886 A CN202310411886 A CN 202310411886A CN 116220867 A CN116220867 A CN 116220867A
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ammonia
exhaust gas
treatment system
engine
flow path
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Inventor
蒋玉琳
邹鹏
魏凯
龚泽儒
牛涛
郑艳丽
王晓娜
冯志进
李彩华
任国艳
王妍
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Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
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Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310411886.8A priority Critical patent/CN116220867A/en
Publication of CN116220867A publication Critical patent/CN116220867A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine and an ammonia fuel engine, the exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine comprising: a denitration reactor (5) comprising an exhaust gas input for introducing exhaust gas to be treated; a plasma generating device (4) connected to the denitration reactor (5) and configured to supply a plasma for denitration to the denitration reactor (5); the washing tower (7) comprises a shell (12), an exhaust gas inlet which is arranged on the shell (12) and connected with the exhaust gas output end of the denitration reactor (5), and a first spraying component (13) which is arranged in the shell (12) and used for spraying washing liquid for absorbing ammonia gas, so that nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be removed, and ammonia gas in the exhaust gas can be removed.

Description

Exhaust gas treatment system for ammonia fuel engine and ammonia fuel engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine exhaust gas treatment, in particular to an exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine and the ammonia fuel engine.
Background
With the rapid development of maritime, the global greenhouse gas emission is gradually increased, the international maritime organization in 2018 proposes a greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy in the maritime industry, and the global greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy is based on the annual total emission of the greenhouse gas in 2008, is reduced by 50% from the annual total emission of the greenhouse gas in 2050, and goes forward to the green zero-carbon emission target, and corresponding emission reduction measures are adopted in all countries. The energy is the main body, and the transition from low-carbon and zero-carbon energy to China is urgent. Ammonia is an ideal carbon-free fuel and from a unit mass energy storage point of view, the energy density of ammonia is even higher than that of a battery, approaching fossil fuels, so good energy storage capacity and transportation safety are great advantages of ammonia as a fuel. Under the push of the 'two carbon' policy, the ammonia engine is expected to become a main power device of a ship, and the pure ammonia engine can avoid the emission of pollutants such as CO2, SOX and the like, but can generate the problems of NO, NO2 and ammonia escape.
At present, a single pollutant removal technology for removing nitrogen oxides by adopting an SCR technology on a ship is mature, and has the advantages of high efficiency, good reliability and the like. However, the biggest problem restricting the development of the SCR technology at present is the use of the catalyst, and the catalyst of the SCR system needs to be replaced and maintained regularly, so that the use cost is increased, and the economic benefit is reduced; and the gas composition in the exhaust gas of the pure ammonia engine is changed, and as the pure ammonia engine can generate ammonia escape problem, a certain amount of ammonia gas exists in the exhaust gas, so that the ammonia gas in the exhaust gas needs to be absorbed, and the problems of poisoning and pollution are prevented.
The defects of the existing ship pure ammonia engine exhaust gas treatment technology are mainly characterized in three aspects: when the selective non-catalytic reduction technology (SNCR) is adopted to treat NOX, ammonia is corrosive, and a large amount of ammonia is sprayed into an engine to generate stress corrosion, so that the engine work and the service life are affected to a certain extent; secondly, when a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology is adopted, the catalyst in the SCR system needs to be maintained and replaced regularly, so that the use cost is increased; and thirdly, when the ammonia engine is used as a power source, the ammonia escape problem can be generated, a certain amount of ammonia is contained in the waste gas, and the ammonia needs to be treated in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide an exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine and an ammonia-fueled engine that effectively remove nitrogen oxides and ammonia gas of the ammonia-fueled engine.
According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine, the exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine including:
the denitration reactor comprises an exhaust gas input end for introducing exhaust gas to be treated;
a plasma generating device connected to the denitration reactor and configured to supply a plasma for denitration to the denitration reactor; and
the washing tower comprises a shell, an exhaust gas inlet which is arranged on the shell and connected with the exhaust gas output end of the denitration reactor, and a first spraying component which is arranged in the shell and used for spraying washing liquid for absorbing ammonia gas.
In some embodiments, the plasma generating device comprises an arc plasma generating device.
In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine further comprises an ammonia fuel tank connected to the plasma generation device to provide ammonia gas to the plasma generation device for exciting ionization.
In some embodiments, an ammonia fuel tank is coupled to an engine block of an ammonia fuel engine to provide fuel to the engine block.
In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine further comprises a first heat exchanger comprising an ammonia-fueled flow path and a first exhaust flow path in heat exchange relationship with the ammonia-fueled flow path, an inlet end of the first exhaust flow path being connected to an exhaust port of an engine block of the ammonia-fueled engine, an outlet end of the first exhaust flow path being connected to an exhaust gas input end of the denitration reactor, an inlet end of the ammonia-fueled flow path being connected to an ammonia fuel tank, an outlet end of the ammonia-fueled flow path being connected to at least one of the plasma generating device and the engine block.
In some embodiments, the scrubber further comprises a second spray member disposed above the first spray member.
In some embodiments, the first spray member comprises a plurality of first nozzles and the second spray member comprises a plurality of second nozzles, the first nozzles being offset from the second nozzles.
In some embodiments, the plurality of first nozzles are arranged along a circle and the plurality of second nozzles are arranged along a circle.
In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine further comprises a wash tank and a second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger comprising a wash liquid flow path and a second exhaust flow path in heat exchange relationship with the wash liquid flow path, an inlet end of the second exhaust flow path being connected to an exhaust port of the engine block of the ammonia-fueled engine, an outlet end of the second exhaust flow path being connected to an exhaust gas input end of the denitration reactor, an inlet end of the wash liquid flow path being connected to the wash tank, an outlet end of the wash liquid flow path being connected to at least one of the first spray member and the second spray member.
In some embodiments, the wash solution comprises an oxidizing solution or a sodium persulfate solution.
In some embodiments, the plasma generating device includes a plasma generating device body and a water cooler for cooling the plasma generating device body, the water cooler for circulating the de-salted chemical water.
In some embodiments, the housing of the scrubber is further provided with an outlet for outputting the exhaust gas, the outlet being provided with a mist eliminator.
In some embodiments, the mist eliminator is a corrugated plate mist eliminator.
In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine further comprises a filter and/or drying device connected between the ammonia fuel tank and the plasma generating device.
In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine further comprises a compression device and a voltage regulator device coupled between the ammonia fuel tank and the plasma generation device.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an ammonia-fueled engine, characterized in that the ammonia-fueled engine comprises the exhaust treatment system of the ammonia-fueled engine described above.
By means of the technical scheme, the exhaust gas exhausted by the engine body of the ammonia fuel engine is firstly subjected to removal of nitrogen oxides in the denitration reactor, the exhaust gas treated by the removal of the nitrogen oxides enters the washing tower again, the first spraying component sprays washing liquid to the exhaust gas so that ammonia in the exhaust gas is dissolved in the washing liquid, and therefore the purposes that nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be removed and ammonia in the exhaust gas can be removed are achieved.
Other features of the present invention and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine of the present embodiment includes a denitration reactor 5, a plasma generating device 4, and a scrubber 7. The denitration reactor 5 includes an exhaust gas input for introducing exhaust gas to be treated; the plasma generating device 4 is connected with the denitration reactor 5 and configured to supply a plasma for denitration to the denitration reactor 5; the scrubber 7 comprises a housing 12, an exhaust gas inlet provided on the housing 12 and connected to the exhaust gas output of the denitration reactor 5, and a first spray member 13 provided in the housing 12 for spraying a scrubbing liquid that absorbs ammonia.
In this embodiment, the exhaust gas discharged from the engine body 1 of the ammonia fuel engine firstly removes nitrogen oxides in the denitration reactor 5, and the exhaust gas treated by removing nitrogen oxides enters the washing tower 7 again, and the first spraying component 13 sprays the washing liquid to the exhaust gas so that ammonia in the exhaust gas is dissolved in the washing liquid, thereby realizing removal of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas and removal of ammonia in the exhaust gas.
In some embodiments, the plasma generating device 4 comprises an arc plasma generating device.
In some embodiments, the exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine further comprises an ammonia fuel tank 3, the ammonia fuel tank 3 being connected to the plasma generating device 4 to provide ammonia gas for exciting ionization to the plasma generating device 4. The exhaust gas treatment system ionizes the reducing agent ammonia gas into a plasma state by using an arc plasma generating device 4 using ammonia gas as carrier wind, and introduces the generated plasma ammonia gas into a denitration reactor and NO in the exhaust gas of a pure ammonia engine X (Nitrogen oxides) reductionGenerating N2 (nitrogen) by reaction, realizing NO in waste gas X Is removed.
In some embodiments, the wash liquor comprises an oxidizing solution, preferably the wash liquor comprises a sodium persulfate solution.
A washing tower 7 is arranged at the downstream of the denitration reactor 5, and the washing tower 7 not only can further remove the NOx which is not completely reacted in the denitration reactor 5, but also can improve the NO of the whole system X The removal efficiency can also utilize the characteristic that ammonia is very soluble in water, utilize the washing liquid to absorb the ammonia of escape, prevent that ammonia from discharging, cause the poisoning danger.
In some embodiments, the ammonia fuel tank 3 is connected with the engine block 1 of the ammonia fuel engine to provide fuel to the engine block 1.
The exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia-fueled engine further includes a first heat exchanger 11, the first heat exchanger 11 including an ammonia-fueled flow path and a first exhaust flow path exchanging heat with the ammonia-fueled flow path, an inlet end of the first exhaust flow path being connected with an exhaust gas port of the engine body 1 of the ammonia-fueled engine, an outlet end of the first exhaust flow path being connected with an exhaust gas input end of the denitration reactor 5, an inlet end of the ammonia-fueled flow path being connected with the ammonia-fueled tank 3, an outlet end of the ammonia-fueled flow path being connected with at least one of the plasma generating device 4 and the engine body 1.
The liquid ammonia in the ammonia fuel tank 3 is conveyed into the first heat exchanger 11 through a pipeline to exchange heat by using waste heat of waste gas, and most of the ammonia obtained after heat exchange vaporization is used as fuel of the ammonia engine body 1 for combustion, and the small part of the ammonia is used as carrier wind of a generator in the arc plasma generating device 4. In the generator, ammonia gas is excited and ionized into a plasma state by a high-temperature electric arc, and a large amount of positive ions, negative ions, free radicals, electrons and the like are generated.
In some embodiments, the scrubber tower 7 further comprises a second spray member 14 disposed above the first spray member 13.
In some embodiments, the first spray member 13 comprises a plurality of first nozzles and the second spray member 14 comprises a plurality of second nozzles, the first nozzles being offset from the second nozzles.
The first spraying part 13 mainly plays roles of cooling and absorbing ammonia gas, and the strong oxidizing property in the sodium persulfate solution sprayed out by the second spraying part 14 is free and the NO in the waste gas is unreacted completely X The oxidation reaction is carried out to generate nitrate and sulfate, the treated waste gas is defogged by a defogger in the washing tower 7 and then is directly discharged into the atmosphere through an upper waste gas outlet, and the rest waste liquid is discharged from a lower outlet of the washing tower and enters a waste liquid storage tank 8.
In some embodiments, the plurality of first nozzles are arranged along a circle and the plurality of second nozzles are arranged along a circle.
Two layers of atomizing nozzles are arranged in the washing tower 7, each layer is in annular arrangement, the position of the lower layer of nozzles is rotated 45 degrees clockwise compared with the position of the upper layer of nozzles, the positions of the upper and lower nozzles are staggered, the angle of each layer of adjacent nozzles is 30 degrees, the liquid coverage rate is ensured to be 200%, and the liquid-gas ratio is kept at 12L/m < 3 >.
The exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine further comprises a washing liquid tank 2 and a second heat exchanger 6, the second heat exchanger 6 comprises a washing liquid flow path and a second exhaust gas flow path for exchanging heat with the washing liquid flow path, an inlet end of the second exhaust gas flow path is connected with an exhaust gas port of the engine body 1 of the ammonia fuel engine, an outlet end of the second exhaust gas flow path is connected with an exhaust gas input end of the denitration reactor 5, an inlet end of the washing liquid flow path is connected with the washing liquid tank 2, and an outlet end of the washing liquid flow path is connected with at least one of the first spraying part 13 and the second spraying part 14. The waste heat of the waste gas of the pure ammonia engine is used for respectively exchanging heat with the washing liquid, so that a large amount of strong oxidative free radicals can be generated after the washing liquid is heated and activated, the oxidation capacity is increased, the reactivity of the pure ammonia engine is improved, and the reaction capacity with NOX is enhanced.
In some embodiments, the plasma generator 4 includes a plasma generator body and a water cooler for cooling the plasma generator body, the water cooler for circulating the de-salted chemical water.
In some embodiments, the housing 12 of the scrubber 7 is further provided with an outlet for the output of the exhaust gas, at which outlet a demister is provided.
In some embodiments, the mist eliminator is a corrugated plate mist eliminator. The corrugated plate type demister is made of high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials.
In some embodiments, the exhaust treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine further comprises a filter and/or drying device connected between the ammonia fuel tank 3 and the plasma generating device 4.
The exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine further comprises a compression device and a voltage stabilizing device connected between the ammonia fuel tank 3 and the plasma generating device 4. The ammonia gas entering the plasma generator 4 must be subjected to purification treatment such as compression, filtration, drying, etc., and then is delivered to the vicinity of the plasma generator after being depressurized and stabilized by a generator gas supply main pipe depressurization valve.
The exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine comprises an engine body 1 taking pure ammonia as fuel, a washing liquid tank 2 storing sodium persulfate solution or other oxidizing solution, an ammonia fuel tank 3 storing liquid ammonia, a plasma generating device 4, a denitration reactor 5, a first heat exchanger 11, a second heat exchanger 6, a washing tower 7, an exhaust gas storage tank 8 and a four-way control valve 9. The waste gas output end of the pure ammonia engine 1 is connected with the waste gas input end of the heat exchanger 6 and the waste gas input end of the denitration reactor 5, the waste gas output ends of the heat exchanger 6 and the denitration reactor 5 are connected with the four-way control valve 9 close to the denitration reactor, the four-way control valve 9 is connected with the waste gas input end of the denitration reactor 5, the waste gas output end of the denitration reactor 5 is connected with the waste gas inlet of the washing tower 7, and the waste liquid outlet at the lower part of the washing tower 7 is connected with the waste liquid storage tank 8.
The outlet of the washing liquid tank 2 is connected with the washing liquid input end of the second heat exchanger 6, and the washing liquid output end of the second heat exchanger 6 is connected with two layers of spraying components of the washing tower 7.
The outlet of the ammonia fuel tank 3 is connected with the liquid ammonia input end of the first heat exchanger 11, the ammonia output end of the first heat exchanger 11 is respectively connected with the ammonia input end of the pure ammonia engine 1 and the input end of the plasma generating device 4, and the output end of the plasma generating device 4 is connected with the electric arc input end of the denitration reaction device.
The exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine of the present embodiment operates as follows:
a. the exhaust gas discharged from the pure ammonia engine 1 enters the four-way control valve 9 through an exhaust pipeline, and the exhaust gas is split into three parts in the four-way control valve 9. The first part of waste gas enters the bellows type flue of the second heat exchanger 6 to provide heat energy for reinforcing activation of sodium persulfate, and after a series of heat exchanges, the waste gas is discharged from the bellows type flue of the second heat exchanger 6 and is converged into the four-way control valve 9 in front of the denitration reactor 5; the second part of waste gas is directly led into a four-way control valve 9 in front of the denitration reactor 5; the third part of waste gas enters the bellows type flue in the first heat exchanger 11, the waste heat of the waste gas is utilized to provide the heat of vaporization of the liquid ammonia, and then the waste gas is discharged from the bellows type flue of the heat exchanger 6 and is converged into the four-way control valve 9 before the denitration reactor 5.
b. Three waste gases which are converged in a four-way control valve 9 in front of a denitration reactor 5 enter the denitration reactor 5, ammonia gas which is excited to ionize by an arc plasma generating device 4 exists in the denitration reactor 5, a large amount of positive ions, negative ions, free radicals, electrons and the like exist in the ionized ammonia gas, strong elastic and inelastic collision occurs between the ionized ammonia gas and the waste gases, the activity of each gaseous component is enhanced in the process, and simultaneously NH is improved 3 With NO X The rate at which the reduction reaction occurs.
c. The denitration reactor 5 realizes most NO through reduction reaction X The removed waste gas enters a washing tower 7, two spraying layers are arranged in the washing tower 7, the lower spraying layer mainly plays roles of cooling and absorbing ammonia gas, and the strong oxidizing property in the sodium persulfate solution sprayed out of the upper spraying layer is free and the NO in the waste gas is unreacted completely X The oxidation reaction occurs to generate nitrate and sulfate, the treated waste gas is defogged by a defogger in the washing tower 7 and then is directly discharged into the atmosphere through an upper waste gas outlet, and the rest waste liquid is discharged from a lower outlet of the washing tower and enters a waste liquid storage tank 8. The reactions occurring in the scrubber 7 are:
S 2 O 8 2- →2SO 4 2-
Figure SMS_1
OH - +NO→H + +NO 2 -
Figure SMS_2
S 2 O 8 2- +H 2 O+SO 2 →2HSO - +H 2 SO 4
Figure SMS_3
d. the sodium persulfate solution provided by the washing liquid tank 2 enters the heat exchanger 6 to exchange heat with the pure ammonia engine waste gas, so that the activation strengthening process of the sodium persulfate solution is realized, and a large amount of oxidative free radicals can be generated in the heated sodium persulfate solution. The activated sodium persulfate solution is sent to two layers of atomizing nozzles in the washing tower 7 through a pipeline and is fully contacted and mixed with the waste gas.
e. The liquid ammonia in the ammonia fuel tank 3 is conveyed into the heat exchanger 6 through a pipeline to exchange heat by using waste heat of waste gas, and most of the ammonia obtained after heat exchange vaporization is used as fuel of an ammonia engine for combustion, and the other part of the ammonia is used as carrier wind of a generator in the arc plasma generating device 4. In the generator, ammonia gas is excited and ionized into a plasma state by a high-temperature electric arc, and a large amount of positive ions, negative ions, free radicals, electrons and the like are generated.
The main technical points of the exhaust gas treatment system of the ammonia fuel engine of the present embodiment are as follows:
consists of an engine body 1, a plasma generating device 4, a denitration reactor 5 and a washing tower 7, and can remove most NO in the waste gas of the engine body 1 X And NH 3 。
(2) NO in exhaust gas in denitration reactor X Can react with ionized ammonia to generate N under the condition of no catalyst 2 The use of the catalyst is reduced.
(3) EtcThe ion generating device 4 has the advantages of concentrated arc energy, high temperature and good conductivity, can effectively ionize ammonia into plasma, increase mutual collision among substances, strengthen and accelerate the reduction of NOx into N 2 And the reaction conversion rate is improved.
(4) The plasma generating device 4 adopts a water cooling mode to maintain the long-term stable operation of the generator. In order to reduce the corrosion of cooling water to the machine body and prevent high-temperature scaling, the cooling water adopts desalting chemical water
(5) The strong oxidizing solution used for washing firstly passes through the second heat exchanger 6 from the washing liquid tank 2, and exchanges heat with the waste gas discharged by the engine body 1 in the heat exchanger, so that the washing liquid can be activated, the oxidation performance of the washing liquid is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced.
(6) Liquid ammonia firstly passes through the first heat exchanger 11 from the ammonia fuel tank 3, and exchanges heat with waste gas exhausted by the engine body 1 in the first heat exchanger 11, so that liquid ammonia vaporization is realized, and the waste gas waste heat utilization rate is improved.
(7) Two spraying layers are arranged in the washing tower 7, the two spraying layers are staggered, and atomizing nozzles in the two spraying layers are annularly arranged, so that the spraying coverage rate can be improved, and the contact area with washing liquid can be enlarged.
(8) The demister is a corrugated plate type demister and is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, and steam-water separation can be achieved.
(9) The washing liquid adopted in the washing tower 7 is a sodium persulfate solution with strong oxidizing property, so that NOx can be efficiently removed.
(10) The waste liquid storage tank 8 stores the waste solution containing nitrate, sulfate and ammonia in a storage tank, and waits for the ship to land and then to be treated separately.
7. The invention has the following effects:
the device has the advantages that the device can realize denitration and ammonia trapping simultaneously, has high removal efficiency, greatly reduces the consumption of the washing liquid, has small occupied area and is suitable for being used in narrow space on a ship.
Another advantage is that the plasma generating device 4 using ammonia as carrier wind ionizes ammonia into plasma state to form plasmaThe sub-torch contains a large amount of positive ions, negative ions, free radicals, electrons and the like, so that the mutual collision among substances can be increased, and the reduction of NOx to N can be enhanced and accelerated 2 And the reaction conversion rate is improved.
Another advantage is that the plasma generating device 4 and the denitration reaction device can realize the reduction agent and NO under the condition of not adding a catalyst compared with the SCR system x Fast and efficient reaction of (a). The catalyst installation and periodic maintenance replacement cost are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Another advantage is that the washing liquid adopts substances with strong oxidizing property and can be used for completely reacting NO in the denitration reactor X The reaction is carried out, the ammonia is oxidized into high-valence nitrogen oxides, nitrate is finally generated to realize removal, a certain amount of ammonia exists in the waste gas of the engine body 1, the characteristic that the ammonia is very soluble in water can be utilized, the escaped ammonia is absorbed by utilizing the washing liquid, and the ammonia is prevented from being discharged.
The other advantage is that the waste heat of the waste gas of the engine body 1 is used for heat exchange with the washing liquid, so that the heating and the activation of the washing liquid can be realized, thus not only effectively utilizing the waste heat of the engine and generating a large amount of strong oxidative free radicals in the process of heating the washing liquid, increasing the oxidizing capacity, improving the reactivity and enhancing the NO X Is a reaction process of (a).
Another advantage is that the mixed solution of nitrate, sulfate and ammonia water in the scrubber 7 is stored, avoiding the direct discharge of nitrate, sulfate solution and ammonia water into the sea, which would have an adverse effect on the environment.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like which comes within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. An exhaust treatment system for an ammonia-fueled engine, comprising:
a denitration reactor (5) comprising an exhaust gas input for introducing exhaust gas to be treated;
a plasma generating device (4) connected to the denitration reactor (5) and configured to supply a plasma for denitration to the denitration reactor (5); and
the washing tower (7) comprises a shell (12), an exhaust gas inlet which is arranged on the shell (12) and is connected with the exhaust gas output end of the denitration reactor (5), and a first spraying component (13) which is arranged in the shell (12) and is used for spraying washing liquid for absorbing ammonia gas.
2. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuelled engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the plasma generating means (4) comprises an arc plasma generating means.
3. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuelled engine as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an ammonia fuel tank (3), the ammonia fuel tank (3) being connected with the plasma generating device (4) to provide the plasma generating device (4) with ammonia for exciting ionization.
4. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine according to claim 3, characterized in that the ammonia fuel tank (3) is connected with the engine block (1) of the ammonia-fueled engine for supplying fuel to the engine block (1).
5. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine according to claim 3, further comprising a first heat exchanger (11), the first heat exchanger (11) comprising an ammonia-fueled flow path and a first exhaust flow path exchanging heat with the ammonia-fueled flow path, an inlet end of the first exhaust flow path being connected to an exhaust gas port of an engine block (1) of the ammonia-fueled engine, an outlet end of the first exhaust flow path being connected to an exhaust gas input end of the denitration reactor (5), an inlet end of the ammonia-fueled flow path being connected to the ammonia fuel tank (3), an outlet end of the ammonia-fueled flow path being connected to at least one of the plasma generating device (4) and the engine block (1).
6. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the scrubber tower (7) further comprises a second spray member (14) arranged above the first spray member (13).
7. The exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the first spray member (13) comprises a plurality of first nozzles and the second spray member (14) comprises a plurality of second nozzles, the first nozzles being arranged offset from the second nozzles.
8. The exhaust treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine of claim 7, wherein a plurality of the first nozzles are arranged in a circle and a plurality of the second nozzles are arranged in a circle.
9. The exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine according to claim 1, further comprising a wash liquid tank (2) and a second heat exchanger (6), the second heat exchanger (6) comprising a wash liquid flow path and a second exhaust gas flow path exchanging heat with the wash liquid flow path, an inlet end of the second exhaust gas flow path being connected with an exhaust gas port of an engine block (1) of the ammonia-fueled engine, an outlet end of the second exhaust gas flow path being connected with an exhaust gas input end of the denitration reactor (5), an inlet end of the wash liquid flow path being connected with the wash liquid tank (2), an outlet end of the wash liquid flow path being connected with at least one of the first spray member (13) and the second spray member (14).
10. The exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine of claim 1, wherein the scrubbing solution comprises an oxidizing solution or a sodium persulfate solution.
11. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma generating device (4) comprises a plasma generating device body and a water cooler for cooling the plasma generating device body, the water cooler being for circulating de-salted chemical water.
12. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia-fueled engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (12) of the scrubber tower (7) is further provided with an outlet for the output exhaust gas, at which outlet a mist eliminator is provided.
13. The exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine of claim 12, wherein the mist eliminator is a corrugated plate mist eliminator.
14. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine according to claim 3, further comprising a filter and/or drying device connected between the ammonia fuel tank (3) and the plasma generating device (4).
15. An exhaust gas treatment system of an ammonia fuel engine according to claim 3, further comprising compression means and voltage stabilizing means connected between the ammonia fuel tank (3) and the plasma generating means (4).
16. An ammonia-fueled engine comprising the exhaust treatment system of the ammonia-fueled engine of any one of claims 1 to 15.
CN202310411886.8A 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 Exhaust gas treatment system for ammonia fuel engine and ammonia fuel engine Pending CN116220867A (en)

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CN202310411886.8A CN116220867A (en) 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 Exhaust gas treatment system for ammonia fuel engine and ammonia fuel engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310411886.8A CN116220867A (en) 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 Exhaust gas treatment system for ammonia fuel engine and ammonia fuel engine

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CN116220867A true CN116220867A (en) 2023-06-06

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