CN116219271B - 一种铝硅镀层钢板、热成形部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种铝硅镀层钢板、热成形部件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116219271B CN116219271B CN202210869048.0A CN202210869048A CN116219271B CN 116219271 B CN116219271 B CN 116219271B CN 202210869048 A CN202210869048 A CN 202210869048A CN 116219271 B CN116219271 B CN 116219271B
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- aluminum
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- plated steel
- steel sheet
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[5-[[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC1CC(=NO1)C1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1 LLQHSBBZNDXTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009503 electrostatic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其包括钢基板以及镀覆于钢基板表面的铝硅镀层,且所述铝硅镀层的表面还覆有涂层,所述涂层含有C、H、O、N、Si元素且不含有P元素,且涂层中Si元素含量为10‑1000mg/m2。相应地,本发明还公开了该铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法以及利用该铝硅镀层钢板所制备的一种热成形部件,所述铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法包括步骤:炼钢,热轧,冷轧,热镀,平整,涂覆涂料以形成所述涂层;而所述热成形部件的制造方法具体包括步骤:(1)将铝硅镀层钢板切割成坯件;(2)在炉内进行热处理:控制坯件从室温至700℃的加热速率为8‑30℃/s,700‑900℃的加热速率为1‑10℃/s;(3)将坯件转移至模具中进行热冲压或辊压成形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢板、热成形部件及其制造方法,尤其涉及一种镀层钢板、热成形部件及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着汽车行业的迅速发展,市场和用户对于车辆的要求也越来越高,轻量化已经逐渐成为了未来汽车行业的发展趋势。
当前,为了满足车辆轻量化的要求,常采用热成形钢来制备汽车结构件和安全件,其在市场的应用量也变的越来越大。然而,目前所制备的无镀层热成形钢由于脱碳、氧化皮喷丸、尺寸精度、耐蚀性能不佳等问题,并不能满足用户需求。
因此,考虑到上述无镀层热成形钢所存在的缺陷,本领域研究人员设计并开发了一种表面镀覆有铝硅镀层的热成形钢。所设计的这种铝硅镀层钢板由于自身的铝硅镀层所具备优良的耐热、耐腐蚀性能和抗高温氧化性能,在热成形钢领域得到普遍的应用。
目前国内对这种铝硅镀层热成形钢的需求大概在80万吨/年,但是发明人研究发现,这种铝硅镀层热成形钢所镀覆的铝硅镀层也或多或少的存在着一定的问题,比如:铝硅镀层在热冲压过程中所存在的粘辊问题。
针对这一粘辊问题,当前研究人员通常通过优化镀层厚度、升温曲线等方式来解决这一问题。
例如:公开号为CN101910426A,公开日为2010年12月8日,名称为“冲压产品的制造方法及由其制造的冲压产品”的中国专利文献,在该技术方案中,为了改善镀层粘辊,需要控制加热速率,尤其是从室温至700℃的加热速率是4~12℃/s,按此推算,钢板从室温加热至700℃一般需要1~3min,奥氏体化温度在840℃以上,完成奥氏体化还需要保温一段时间,因此基板从室温到完成奥氏体化一般需要3~6min。
又例如:公开号为CN106164184A,公开日为2016年11月23日,名称为“以高生产率生产经压制硬化并涂覆的钢部件的方法”的中国专利文献,公开了一种带聚合物层的热冲压钢,其在铝硅镀层基础上加了聚合物层,可以提升铝硅镀层的加热速率,但聚合物层在2~30微米,同时铝硅镀层一般在20微米以上,如此厚的聚合物层和镀层给生产卷取带来极大挑战,同时聚合物层在后续热处理过程中产生大量分解物,会对炉内气氛管控及产品表面质量和延迟开裂问题带来影响。
再例如:公开号为CN109518114A,公开日为2019年3月26日,名称为“带铝硅合金镀层的热冲压部件的制造方法及热冲压部件”的中国专利文献,公开了一种热冲压部件的制造方法,其提到采用阶梯式加热方式来改善镀层粘辊,但效果有限。特别是对于厚规格的产品而言,其可能需要更长的时间,而厚规格的热成形钢产品需求越来越多,尤其是新能源电池包、保险杠等都有明确需求。
因此,考虑到当前所提出的现有专利方案并不能很好地解决问题,发明人认为研究如何在提高热成形钢产品的加热效率的同时,改善镀层粘辊问题,具有很现实的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,该铝硅镀层钢板可以有效用于制备热成形产品,其不仅可以有效解决铝硅镀层粘辊的问题,还可以有效提高在制备热成形产品的加热效率,其具有,具有良好的推广前景和应用效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其包括钢基板以及镀覆于钢基板表面的铝硅镀层;所述铝硅镀层的表面还覆有涂层,所述涂层含有C、H、O、N、Si元素且不含有P元素,其中所述涂层中Si元素含量为10-1000mg/m2。
在本发明上述技术方案中,铝硅镀层的表面涂覆的涂层含有Si元素且不含有P元素。其中,P元素容易在表面残留,并会对后续的涂装液产生影响。
相应地,在本发明所设计的涂层中,添加适量的Si元素所起到的主要作用是增加涂层附着力,同时并不会在表面残留。需要注意的是,当涂层中的Si元素含量太低时,则无法发挥Si元素的有益效果;当涂层中的Si元素含量太高时,则容易在表面产生残留。因此,在本发明中,必须严格控制涂层中的Si元素的含量,并具体将涂层中Si元素含量控制为10-1000mg/m2。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述涂层的厚度不超过2微米,并且不超过铝硅镀层厚度的十分之一。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述铝硅镀层的厚度为10-30微米。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述钢基板的表面粗糙度Ra为0.5-1.5,Rpc为50-100。
在本发明上述技术方案中,可以优选地控制带涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的钢基板的表面粗糙度Ra为0.5-1.5,Rpc为50-100。其中,RPc的定义为标准定义,其表示为单位长度内连续穿过规定的上轮廓截止线c1和下轮廓截止线c2的粗糙度轮廓元素的数量。
在本发明中,将表面粗糙度Ra控制在0.5-1.5之间,主要是为了进一步增强涂层的附着力,同时为了增大吸热面积,可以进一步提升加热速率。
相应地,将Rpc控制在50-100之间,主要是为了改善表面的轮廓,提升涂层附着力,从而进一步增大吸热面积。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述钢基板的化学元素质量百分含量为:
C:0.05~0.5%,Si:0.01~2.0%,Mn:0.3~3.0%,Al:0.005~0.3%,Ti≤0.1%,B≤0.1%,Cr≤0.5%,Nb≤0.1%,V≤0.1%,Ni≤0.5%,Mo≤0.5%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述钢基板的不可避免的杂质中,P≤0.3%,S≤0.1%。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述铝硅镀层含有Al和不可避免的杂质,此外还含有:Si:8-11wt%,0<Fe≤4wt%。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述铝硅镀层还含有Mg和/或Zn元素。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板中,所述涂层的表面还可以覆有涂油层。
在本发明上述技术方案中,还可以在涂层的表面进一步涂覆有涂油层,带涂层的铝硅镀层钢板表面涂油可以进一步减少钢板之间的摩擦,从而保护涂层完整性。
相应地,本发明还公开了上述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其具体包括步骤:炼钢,热轧,冷轧,热镀,平整,涂覆涂料以形成所述涂层。
需要说明的是,在具体实施本发明上述的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法时,在涂覆涂料以形成所述的涂层时,可以具体利用辊涂、刷涂或静电涂的多种方法涂覆涂料。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,所述涂料的有效成分的质量百分配比为:
填料:0.5~30%;
树脂:10~50%;
余量为溶剂;
其中所述填料包括碳材料和硅烷偶联剂。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,其中碳材料与硅烷偶联剂的质量比例为:0.1~1。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,所述碳材料至少包括石墨、石墨烯和活性炭的至少其中之一。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,所述树脂包括聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂和聚丙烯酸树脂的至少其中一种。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,所述溶剂为水、乙醇或酯类。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,在平整步骤中,控制平整率为0.8-3%。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法中,在涂覆涂层步骤后还可以包括涂油,其中控制涂油量为300-1000mg/m2。
此外,本发明的另一目的在于提供一种热成形部件,该热成形部件的制备过程相当简便,且其并不会出现粘辊问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种热成形部件,其采用本发明上述的铝硅镀层钢板制得。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种热成形部件,其采用本发明所述的制造方法制得的铝硅镀层钢板制得。
进一步地,在本发明所述的热成形部件中,其微观组织具有马氏体、贝氏体、铁素体的至少其中之一。
在本发明所设计的这种热成形部件中,其最终所获得的热成形件的显微组织可以具体马氏体、贝氏体、铁素体中的一种或多种,其具体组成含量与钢基板的化学元素成分以及坯件在模具中从800℃到300℃的冷却速率有关。
另外,本发明还公开了上述热成形部件的制造方法,采用该制造方法可以有效将本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板制备成所需的热成形部件。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种上述热成形部件的制造方法,其包括步骤:
(1)将铝硅镀层钢板切割成坯件;
(2)在炉内进行热处理:坯件从室温至700℃的加热速率为8-30℃/s,700-900℃的加热速率为1-10℃/s;
(3)将坯件转移至模具中进行热冲压或辊压成形,其中坯件借助模具进行冷却,坯件在模具中从800℃到300℃的冷却速率不低于25℃/s。
在本发明所设计的这种制造方法中,本发明的铝硅镀层钢板可切割成坯件,并将其输入到热处理炉中进行热处理,并控制坯件从室温至温度700℃的加热速率为8-30℃/s,700-900℃的加热速率为1-10℃/s。
在上述热处理工艺中,将坯件输入到热处理炉中进行热处理,热处理炉温度可以具体控制在700-1000℃,其温度可以是阶梯式升温,可以升降,也可以是一个或多个温度,热处理炉的最高温度可以控制为900-1000℃,坯件进入热处理炉内总停留时间可以优选地控制在1-15min之间。
此外,需要注意的是,在本发明中,发明人还对坯件在模具中的冷却速率进行了控制,其具体控制坯件在模具中从800℃到300℃的冷却速率不低于25℃/s,以确保成品钢材能够获得所需的微观组织。
进一步地,在本发明所述的热成形部件的制造方法中,在步骤(2)中,坯件进入热处理炉内的总停留时间控制为1-15min。
进一步地,在本发明所述的热成形部件的制造方法中,在步骤(3)中,坯件转移至模具的温度不低于650℃,成形同时对模具进行冷却,模具开始接触坯料至坯料成形的冲压速度控制为40-100mm/s。
相较于现有技术,本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板、热成形部件及其制造方法具有如下所述的优点以及有益效果:
(1)相较于传统铝硅镀层钢板,采用本发明所设计的这种铝硅镀层钢板可以在生产制备时,有效减少铝硅镀层粘辊,提升炉子使用寿命。
(2)相较于传统铝硅镀层钢板,在制备本发明所设计的这种铝硅镀层钢板时,其具体可以采用多种加热方式,尤其是适用快速加热模式,特别适用加热初期快速升温模式,在这种模式下仍能保证铝硅镀层完整不粘辊。
(3)相较于传统铝硅镀层钢板,本发明在采用这种铝硅镀层钢板制备热成型部件时,采用的是快速加热模式,其可以减少钢板在热处理炉内总的停留时间。
需要说明的是,在本发明的这种技术方案中,其核心改进点在于设计了一种新的涂层,其涂层的热反射系数不同,更有利于热量的吸收,从而可以实现钢板温度的快速升温,进而避免刚基板表面的铝硅镀层融化,并有效减少粘辊。
此外,本发明所设计的铝硅镀层钢板经过热处理后,除Al,Si,Fe,O外,没有在新增额外成分或者成分残留。该铝硅镀层钢板在经过热处理后所制备的热成形部件的外观颜色更加均匀一致,且无明显色差。
另外,本发明所设计的这种铝硅镀层钢板的涂层厚度薄,其输入到热处理炉内分解产生的气体少,对炉内露点影响小。
本发明所涉及的铝硅镀层钢板可以减少铝硅镀层在过热过程中的融化,从而减少熔融铝与炉内水蒸气的反应,减少氢原子的产生,可以降低零部件的氢含量,降低氢致延迟开裂风险。
附图说明
图1示意性地显示了本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板与传统铝硅镀层钢板在热处理炉内加热至900℃的升温曲线的示意图。
图2为实施例1的铝硅镀层钢板在经过热处理后的表面形貌照片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合说明书附图和具体的实施例对本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板、热冲压部件做进一步的解释和说明,然而该解释和说明并不对本发明的技术方案构成不当限定。
实施例1-6和对比例1
表1列出了实施例1-6和对比例1的热成形部件所对应使用的铝硅镀层钢板的钢基板中各化学元素的质量百分配比。
表1.(wt%,余量为Fe和除P、S以外的其他不可避免的杂质)
在本发明中,实施例1-6和对比例1所制备对应的铝硅镀层钢板的具体工艺步骤如下所述:
实施例1:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、辊涂、涂油以得到铝硅涂层钢板。其中,平整率为0.8%,铝硅镀层厚度为20微米,涂层厚度为2微米,涂油量为300mg/m2。
实施例2:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、辊涂得到铝硅涂层钢板。其中,平整率为1.4%,铝硅镀层厚度为10微米,涂层厚度为0.5微米。
实施例3:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、辊涂、涂油以得到铝硅涂层钢板。其中,平整率为1.8%,铝硅镀层厚度为27微米,涂层厚度为1.9微米,涂油量为600mg/m2。
实施例4:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、辊涂、涂油以得到铝硅涂层钢板。其中,平整率为3%,铝硅镀层厚度为30微米,涂层厚度为1.9微米,涂油量为800mg/m2。
实施例5:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、辊涂、涂油以得到铝硅涂层钢板。其中,平整率为1.2%,铝硅镀层厚度为24微米,涂层厚度为1.8微米,涂油量为800mg/m2。
实施例6:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、辊涂、涂油以得到铝硅涂层钢板。其中,平整率为1%,铝硅镀层厚度为23微米,涂层厚度为1微米,涂油量为1000mg/m2。
对比例1:按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比经过炼钢、热轧、冷轧、热镀、平整、涂油以得到铝硅镀层钢板。其中,平整率为0.8%,铝硅镀层厚度为20微米,没有涂层,涂油量为300mg/m2。
为了详细说明在本发明所制备出的实施例1-6的铝硅镀层钢板的各项参数,发明人还进一步将实施例1-6和对比例1的铝硅镀层钢板的基本参数列于下述表2之中。
表2列出了本发明所制备的实施例1-6和对比例1的铝硅镀层钢板的基本参数。
表2.
在实际制备实施例1-6的铝硅镀层钢板时,其在热镀过程中需要具体使用到镀液,以在钢基板的表层形成“铝硅镀层”。同样地,在形成铝硅镀层后,还需要再进一步地涂覆涂料,以在铝硅镀层的表面涂覆一层涂层。由此,不难看出,在实际制备各实施例的铝硅镀层钢板时,所采用的镀液的化学成分设计以及涂料的化学成分设计也非常重要,相关镀液及涂料的化学成分设计结果分别列于下述表3-1和表3-2之中。
表3-1列出了实施例1-6的镀液及镀层的化学成分设计。
表3-1.
编号 | 镀液 |
实施例1 | 8%Si,2%Fe,其余铝 |
实施例2 | 9%Si,2.4%Fe,其余铝 |
实施例3 | 10%Si,2%Fe,其余铝 |
实施例4 | 8%Si,1%Mg,2%Zn,1%Fe,其余铝 |
实施例5 | 6%Si,0.5%Mg,5%Zn,0.1%Fe,其余为铝 |
实施例6 | 9%Si,2.4%Fe,其余铝 |
表3-2列出了实施例1-6所采用的涂料的化学成分设计。
表3-2.
将表3-2中的涂料涂覆在铝硅镀层表面就形成了涂层。涂层中的N元素来自于涂料中的树脂,涂层中的C,H,O,N元素来自涂料中的树脂、溶剂和硅烷偶联剂。本案中的涂层不含有P元素。在本技术方案中,涂层中Si元素含量控制在10-1000mg/m2之间是通过硅烷偶联剂的配比和含量来实现的。
需要说明的是,虽然上述实施例1-6中的碳材料均采用的是单一的碳材料,但是在其他实施方式中,将石墨、石墨烯和活性炭组合使用也是可行的。
在本发明中,实施例1-6的热成形部件均采用以下步骤制得:
(1)按照上述表1所示各化学元素的质量百分配比通过炼钢,热轧,冷轧,热镀,平整,涂覆涂料以形成对应涂层的工序,以制造得到对应的铝硅镀层的表面涂覆有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板。
(2)根据所需部件形状,将对应制备的铝硅镀层钢板切割成坯件。
(3)将获得坯件输入到热处理炉中,并在炉内进行热处理:将加工成的坯件放入热处理炉,控制坯件从室温至700℃的加热速率为8-30℃/s,700-900℃的加热速率为1-10℃/s;其中,热处理炉设定温度是700-1000℃,温度可以是阶梯式升温,可以升降,可以是一个或多个温度,最高温度为900-1000℃,控制坯件进入热处理炉内的总停留时间控制为1-15min。
(4)将坯件转移至模具中进行热冲压或辊压成形:控制坯件转移至模具的温度不低于650℃,并在成形同时对模具进行冷却,坯件在模具中从800度到300度的冷却速率不低于25℃/s,并将模具开始接触坯料至坯料成形的冲压速度控制为40-100mm/s
需要说明的是,在本发明中,所设计的实施例1-6的铝硅镀层钢板、热成形部件及其相关制造工艺均满足本发明所设计的要求。
表4列出了实施例1-6的热成形部件的制造方法的相关工艺参数。
表4.
需要说明的是,在本发明上述表4中,实施例1-6在步骤(2)中的热处理工艺中的热处理温度均为范围值而非单点值,这是因为热处理炉通常分为分段控制,各段温度可以单独控制,各段温度可以不同,本发明所述的温度范围是各段所有温度的分布范围。
在本发明上述的技术方案中,在进行制备时,发明人特地观察并研究了各实施例和对比例的铝硅镀层钢板在制备热成形部件时是否出现“镀层粘辊”的现象,若出现“镀层粘辊”的现象,则标记为“有”;若没有出现“镀层粘辊”的现象,则标记为“无”。相关观察结果列于下述表5之中。
表5.
编号 | 镀层粘辊 |
实施例1 | 无 |
实施例2 | 无 |
实施例3 | 无 |
实施例4 | 无 |
实施例5 | 无 |
实施例6 | 无 |
对比例1 | 有 |
从上述表5之中可以看出,基于本发明这种设计所获得的实施例1-6的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板在制备成热成形部件时,均不会出现“镀层粘辊”的现象。而对比例1所制备的对比铝硅镀层钢板在制备成热成形部件时,则会出现“镀层粘辊”的现象。
相应地,基于各实施例和对比例的铝硅镀层钢板所最终制备的成品热成形部件,对实施例1-6和对比例1制备的成品热成形部件分别进行取样,并对各实施例和对比例部件的微观组织进行检测,相关检测结果列于下述表6之中。
表6.
编号 | 微观组织 |
实施例1 | 铁素体 |
实施例2 | 铁素体+贝氏体 |
实施例3 | 马氏体 |
实施例4 | 马氏体 |
实施例5 | 马氏体 |
实施例6 | 马氏体 |
对比例1 | 马氏体铝硅镀层钢板 |
从上述表6之中,可以看出,在本发明中,所制备的实施例1-6的成品热成形部件的微观组织具有马氏体、贝氏体、铁素体的至少其中之一。
图1示意性地显示了本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板与传统铝硅镀层钢板在热处理炉内加热至900℃的升温曲线的示意图。
如图1所示,图1所示“实线”表示的是本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板,图1所示的“虚线”表示的是传统铝硅镀层钢板。
在图1的这种测试中,本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板与传统铝硅镀层钢板的厚度均具体采用为2.0mm。经过对比不难看出,本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板的升温速率要明显高于传统铝硅镀层钢板,尤其是室温至700℃之间的升温速率。
图2为实施例1的铝硅镀层钢板在经过热处理后的表面形貌照片。
如图2所示,在本发明所设计的实施例1的这种实施方式中,本发明所述的铝硅镀层钢板在经过本发明制造方法的步骤(2)的热处理工艺后,其表面呈凹凸不平的轮廓。
需要说明的是,本案中各技术特征的组合方式并不限本案权利要求中所记载的组合方式或是具体实施例所记载的组合方式,本案记载的所有技术特征可以以任何方式进行自由组合或结合,除非相互之间产生矛盾。
还需要注意的是,以上所列举的实施例仅为本发明的具体实施例。显然本发明不局限于以上实施例,随之做出的类似变化或变形是本领域技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接得出或者很容易便联想到的,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (23)
1.一种具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其包括钢基板以及镀覆于钢基板表面的铝硅镀层;其特征在于,所述铝硅镀层的表面还覆有涂层,所述涂层含有C、H、O、N、Si元素且不含有P元素,其中所述涂层中Si元素含量为10-1000mg/m2;
所述涂层由涂敷的涂料形成,所述涂料的有效成分的质量百分配比为:
填料:0.5~30%;
树脂:10~50%;
余量为溶剂;
其中所述填料包括碳材料和硅烷偶联剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述涂层的厚度不超过2微米,并且不超过铝硅镀层厚度的十分之一。
3.如权利要求1所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述铝硅镀层的厚度为10-30微米。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述钢基板的表面粗糙度Ra为0.5-1.5,Rpc为50-100。
5.如权利要求1所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述钢基板的化学元素质量百分含量为:
C:0.05~0.5%,Si:0.01~2.0%,Mn:0.3~3.0%,Al:0.005~0.3%,Ti≤0.1%,B≤0.1%,Cr≤0.5%,Nb≤0.1%,V≤0.1%,Ni≤0.5%,Mo≤0.5%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
6.如权利要求5所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述钢基板的不可避免的杂质中,P≤0.3%,S≤0.1%。
7.如权利要求1所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述铝硅镀层含有Al和不可避免的杂质,此外还含有:Si:8-11wt%,0<Fe≤4wt%。
8.如权利要求7所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述铝硅镀层还含有Mg和/或Zn元素。
9.如权利要求1所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板,其特征在于,所述涂层的表面还覆有涂油层。
10.如权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:炼钢,热轧,冷轧,热镀,平整,涂覆涂料以形成所述涂层。
11.如权利要求10所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述涂料的有效成分的质量百分配比为:
填料:0.5~30%;
树脂:10~50%;
余量为溶剂;
其中所述填料包括碳材料和硅烷偶联剂。
12.如权利要求11所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,其中碳材料与硅烷偶联剂的质量比例为:0.1~1。
13.如权利要求11所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述碳材料至少包括石墨、石墨烯和活性炭的至少其中之一。
14.如权利要求11所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述树脂包括聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂和聚丙烯酸树脂的至少其中一种。
15.如权利要求11所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为水、乙醇或酯类。
16.如权利要求10所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,在平整步骤中,控制平整率为0.8-3%。
17.如权利要求10所述的具有涂层的铝硅镀层钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,在涂覆涂层步骤后还包括涂油,其中控制涂油量为300-1000mg/m2。
18.一种热成形部件,其特征在于,其采用如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的铝硅镀层钢板制得。
19.一种热成形部件,其特征在于,其采用如权利要求10-17中任意一项所述的制造方法制得的铝硅镀层钢板制得。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的热成形部件,其特征在于,其微观组织具有马氏体、贝氏体、铁素体的至少其中之一。
21.如权利要求18-20中任意一项所述的热成形部件的制造方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(1)将铝硅镀层钢板切割成坯件;
(2)在炉内进行热处理:控制坯件从室温至700℃的加热速率为8-30℃/s,700-900℃的加热速率为1-10℃/s;
(3)将坯件转移至模具中进行热冲压或辊压成形,坯件借助模具进行冷却,坯件在模具中从800℃到300℃的冷却速率不低于25℃/s。
22.如权利要求21所述的热成形部件的制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,坯件进入热处理炉内的总停留时间控制为1-15min。
23.如权利要求21所述的热成形部件的制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,坯件转移至模具的温度不低于650℃,成形同时对模具进行冷却,模具开始接触坯料至坯料成形的冲压速度控制为40-100mm/s。
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WO2022129995A1 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Arcelormittal | Coated steel sheet and high strength press hardened steel part and method of manufacturing the same |
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