CN116217143A - Dynamic adjustment-based cemented sand and gravel mix proportion design method - Google Patents
Dynamic adjustment-based cemented sand and gravel mix proportion design method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D11/00—Control of flow ratio
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00198—Characterisation or quantities of the compositions or their ingredients expressed as mathematical formulae or equations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cement sand gravel mix proportion design method based on dynamic adjustment, which is characterized in that a fly ash mix proportion and a water-cement proportion are selected according to experience, different mortar margin and strength relation curves under different sand rates (two to three of coarsest, average, thinnest, interpolation or extension) are carried out, the relation between the mortar margin and strength under different sand rates is obtained, and the mix proportion (mortar margin, sand rate and water-cement proportion) is selected from the curve interpolation, so that the relation between the sand rate, water consumption and cementing materials of cement gravel stones with different gradations is obtained, and the purpose of on-site dynamic control of the mix proportion is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a cement sand gravel mix proportion design method based on dynamic adjustment.
Background
The cementing gravel material is a material with certain strength formed by mixing, paving and vibrating rolling by using a cementing material and the gravel material, and the dam construction technology is different from the conventional earth-rock dam and gravity dam, and has the remarkable effects that: greatly reduces the cost, protects the environment, and builds up a high-safety dam with high efficiency and high speed.
The design method of the cementing sand gravel mixing ratio in the existing domestic engineering projects is mainly carried out by referring to the design method of the mixing ratio of the cementing granule dam construction technical guideline (SL 678-2014), and the design principle of the mixing ratio is to determine the mixing ratio control range. According to the preparation strength of the gelled sand and gravel, 2-3 amounts of gelled materials are selected, under the condition of each amount of gelled materials, different water consumption amounts are selected in a wider range for strength test according to the ratio of the sand and gravel with the coarsest grading, the finest grading and the average grading, the relation between the compressive strength, the elastic modulus and the water consumption amount in 28d age and design age under different grading is established, and a proper water consumption amount range meeting the construction VC value requirement and a proper strength range corresponding to the proper water consumption amount range are determined, namely a mixing ratio control range. And finally, selecting the dosage of the cementing material according to the mixing ratio control range under different dosage of the cementing material. Under the dosage of the cementing material, the minimum value of the design age intensity of the average graded cemented sand gravel in the 'mixing ratio control range' shall meet the requirement of the preparation intensity, and the minimum value of the design age intensity of the finest graded cemented sand gravel in the 'mixing ratio control range' shall not be lower than the design intensity.
In practice, the cemented sand gravel is a semi-rigid material, and the internal voids often cannot reach a fully encapsulated state, thus causing problems with the blend design approach:
1. the full package theoretical design increases the slurry dosage and can not fully exert all the advantages of the cemented gravel.
2. In order to meet the design requirements of the properties of the cemented sand and gravel in the finest, average and coarsest grading envelope, the same cementing material is adopted in different grading recommended mixing ratios, and after wet screening forming, the strength and the elastic modulus of the three grading cemented sand and gravel are greatly different, so that the imbalance phenomenon of the integral deformation characteristics of the cemented sand and gravel can be caused, and the construction quality control in future is also not facilitated.
In order to solve the problem, a new mix proportion design method is sought to ensure the strength balance of the cemented sand and gravel at different stages as much as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a dynamic adjustment-based cemented sand and gravel mix proportion design method, which has more balanced mix proportion strength than different mix proportion designed by the existing method, and is more scientific and reasonable in designed mix proportion and ensures construction quality by indoor simulation of an on-site molding process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the main principle is a slurry filling margin method: according to experience, a fly ash mixing amount and a water-cement ratio are selected, curves of relation between different mortar margins and strength under different sand rates (two to three of coarsest, average, thinnest, interpolation or extension) are carried out, the relation between the mortar margins and strength under different sand rates is obtained, and a mixing ratio (mortar margin, sand rate and water-cement ratio) is selected from the curve interpolation, so that the relation between the sand rate, water consumption and cementing materials of the cementing gravel stones with different gradations is obtained, and the purpose of dynamically controlling the mixing ratio on site is achieved. Specifically comprising:
a method for designing a cementitious sand gravel mix based on dynamic adjustment, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting different sand rates and different mortar margins, and performing compressive strength tests under different combinations;
s2: establishing a relation diagram of different mortar margins and cemented sand gravel strength under different sand rates;
s3: according to the relation diagram of different mortar margins and the strength of the cemented sand gravel, the mortar margin of the minimum cementing material meeting the design strength requirement under each sand distribution rate is found out, and the mixing ratio parameter is obtained through calculation;
s4: establishing a relation curve which meets the requirements of different sand rates and the total amount and water consumption of the cementing material under the designed strength grade;
s5: through the test, the relationship of the mixing ratios of the same design strength and different sand rates is obtained, and the mixing ratios are searched on site according to the sand rates, so that the dynamic adjustment of the mixing ratios is carried out.
Preferably, in the step S1, the sand ratio ranges from 10% to 40%, the sand ratio includes the coarsest, average and finest graded sand ratio, and the mortar margin ranges from 0.6 to 2.6.
Preferably, in the step S1,
mortar margin: mortar occupies the volume ratio of sand voids;
α＝(1-m sand and sand /γs-m Stone /γg)/(m Sand and sand /γg Vibration device -m Sand and sand /γs)
Wherein: alpha: mortar margin;
m stone : the mass of the stone in each material, kg/m 3 ；
m Sand and sand : the mass of sand in each material, kg/m 3 ；
Gamma g, apparent density of stoneDegree, kg/m 3 ；
γs: apparent density of sand, kg/m 3 ；
γg Vibration device Tap density of stone material, kg/m 3 ；
γs Vibration device : vibration density of sand material, kg/m 3 。
Preferably, in the step S1, the cement ratio and the mortar margin should be such as to cover the recommended blending ratio in the different blending ranges under the design level in the compressive strength test.
Preferably, in the step S1, the principle of the grading treatment by the sand gravel mixing method is as follows: firstly, a similar grading method is used, a proper similar mould ratio is used, the sand rate change before and after the shrinkage is ensured to be 4.5-5.5% as far as possible, and the particle content of more than 40mm is ensured to be less than 40% so as to enable the particles to meet the application condition of an equivalent substitution method, and then the equivalent substitution method is adopted.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the compressive strength test is performed in a room, the sand gravel grading treatment is performed by a mixing method, the size is reduced to a particle size of 40mm or less, and the molding is performed by a vibratory compaction method.
Preferably, in the step S3, the blending ratio parameter includes a unit water consumption, a cement consumption or a fly ash consumption.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The unit water consumption is reduced by adopting a vibration compaction method close to the field construction process.
2) The sand gravel frame structure with the maximum grain diameter of 200mm is reduced to 40mm by adopting a grading simulation method (mixing method), the original grading is kept unchanged, the filling rate (mortar margin) is unchanged, and the result is more real.
3) By calculating the mortar margin, the relation between different sand rates and the mortar margin is found out, and then the proportion design is carried out through regression, so that the proportion strength designed under different proportions of sand is guaranteed to be close, the cement sand and gravel performances of different proportions are guaranteed to be balanced, the cement materials are added to the graded sand and gravel with small filling rate, and the cement materials are reduced to the graded sand and gravel with large filling rate.
4) Compared with the existing cementing sand gravel method, the method has the advantages that various performance tests are conducted, the method is more reasonable and scientific, the investment of materials and human resources is reduced, and the cost is lowered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of mortar margin versus 90 day compressive strength at different sand rates;
FIG. 2 sand ratio versus cement;
FIG. 3 sand rate versus water usage.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
A method for designing a cementitious sand gravel mix based on dynamic adjustment, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting different sand rates and different mortar margins, and performing compressive strength tests under different combinations;
s2: establishing a relation diagram of different mortar margins and cemented sand gravel strength under different sand rates;
s3: according to the relation diagram of different mortar margins and the strength of the cemented sand gravel, the mortar margin of the minimum cementing material meeting the design strength requirement under each sand distribution rate is found out, and the mixing ratio parameter is obtained through calculation;
s4: establishing a relation curve which meets the requirements of different sand rates and the total amount and water consumption of the cementing material under the designed strength grade;
s5: through the test, the relationship of the mixing ratios of the same design strength and different sand rates is obtained, and the mixing ratios are searched on site according to the sand rates, so that the dynamic adjustment of the mixing ratios is carried out.
Preferably, in the step S1, the sand ratio ranges from 10% to 40%, the sand ratio includes the coarsest, average and finest graded sand ratio, and the mortar margin ranges from 0.6 to 2.6.
Preferably, in the step S1,
mortar margin: mortar occupies the volume ratio of sand voids;
α＝(1-m sand and sand /γs-m Stone /γg)/(m Sand and sand /γg Vibration device -m Sand and sand /γs)
Wherein: alpha: mortar margin;
m stone : the mass of the stone in each material, kg/m 3 ；
m Sand and sand : the mass of sand in each material, kg/m 3 ；
Gamma g, apparent density of stone material, kg/m 3 ；
γs: apparent density of sand, kg/m 3 ；
γg Vibration device Tap density of stone material, kg/m 3 ；
γs Vibration device : vibration density of sand material, kg/m 3 。
Preferably, in the step S1, the cement ratio and the mortar margin should be such as to cover the recommended blending ratio in the different blending ranges under the design level in the compressive strength test.
Preferably, in the step S1, the principle of the grading treatment by the sand gravel mixing method is as follows: firstly, a similar grading method is used, a proper similar mould ratio is used, the sand rate change before and after the shrinkage is ensured to be 4.5-5.5% as far as possible, and the particle content of more than 40mm is ensured to be less than 40% so as to enable the particles to meet the application condition of an equivalent substitution method, and then the equivalent substitution method is adopted.
Preferably, in the step S1, when the compressive strength test is performed in a room, the sand gravel grading treatment is performed by a mixing method, the size is reduced to a particle size of 40mm or less, and the molding is performed by a vibratory compaction method.
Preferably, in the step S3, the blending ratio parameter includes a unit water consumption, a cement consumption or a fly ash consumption.
Application instance
Design indexes of cemented sand and gravel in a mold-adding area on the back side of a high toe pier of a certain project are as follows: compressive strength at 90d age is 10MPa, and strength guarantee rate is 80%; and (3) cement: the ratio of fly ash (reference value 4:6), and the ratio of sand and gravel of the coarsest gradation, the finest gradation and the average gradation are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 proportion of each gradation of the sand gravel material for the blending ratio test
During the indoor test, the sand gravel grading treatment adopts a mixing method, and the size is reduced to below 40 mm. The molding adopts a vibration compaction method, the water-cement ratio is fixed to be 0.50, and the curves of different mortar margins (0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2 and 2.6) and strength relation are carried out under the conditions of different sand rates (10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%) of the cemented sand gravel. The water-cement ratio and the mortar margin should be selected empirically to cover as much as possible the recommended mix in the grading range. During the indoor test, the sand gravel grading treatment adopts a mixing method, and the size is reduced to below 40 mm. The forming adopts a vibration compaction method. The relation test of mortar margin and the strength of the cement sand gravel in the designed age under different sand rates is shown in the table 3 and the figure 1.
The concrete method for grading treatment by the sand-gravel mixing method comprises the following steps:
principle: firstly, a similar grading method is used, a proper similar mould ratio is used, the sand rate change before and after the shrinkage is ensured to be about 5 percent as much as possible, and the particle content of more than 40mm is ensured to be less than 40 percent so as to meet the applicable condition of an equivalent substitution method, and then the equivalent substitution method is adopted.
1) Coarsest grading: the sand gravel is firstly reduced to 90mm from 200mm of maximum grain diameter by using a similar mode ratio Mr=2.2222, the content of super grain diameter grains larger than 40mm is 37.8%, and then super grain diameter grains larger than 40mm are treated by using an equivalent substitution method.
2) Average grading: the method comprises the steps of reducing sand gravel from the maximum grain diameter of 200mm to 120mm by using a similar modulus Mr=1.6667, wherein the content of super-grain diameter grains larger than 40mm is 30.0%, and then treating super-grain diameter grains larger than 40mm by using an equivalent substitution method.
3) The finest grading: the sand gravel is firstly reduced to 133mm from 200mm of maximum grain diameter by using a similar modulus Mr=1.5, the content of super grain diameter grains larger than 40mm is 17.5%, and then super grain diameter grains larger than 40mm are treated by using an equivalent substitution method.
Grading non-uniformity coefficient C before and after grading treatment by mixing method u And coefficient of curvature C c Basically keeps unchanged, and presumably can achieve the aim of approaching the performance of the original graded sand gravel after grading treatment according to a mixing method. The proportions of each stage before and after the specific grading treatment are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 table of grit mixing method grading treatment results
TABLE 3 results of mortar margin versus 90d strength at different sand rates (MPa)
The relation between the mortar margin and the strength at different sand ratios is shown in figure 1, and the regression equation of the mortar margin and the 90-day strength at different sand ratios is shown in table 4 according to the 90d strength result at different sand ratios.
The minimum cementing material corresponding mortar margin is selected as the mixing ratio parameter selected by the cemented sand and gravel, the relation between different sand rates and cementing materials under the condition of meeting the designed strength grade is finally obtained as shown in the table 5, and the relation between different sand rates and water consumption is finally obtained as shown in the table 3.
TABLE 4 mortar margin and 90 day strength regression equation table for different sand rates
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cementing sand and gravel mix proportion design method based on dynamic adjustment is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting different sand rates and different mortar margins, and performing compressive strength tests under different combinations;
s2: establishing a relation diagram of different mortar margins and cemented sand gravel strength under different sand rates;
s3: according to the relation diagram of different mortar margins and the strength of the cemented sand gravel, the mortar margin of the minimum cementing material meeting the design strength requirement under each sand distribution rate is found out, and the mixing ratio parameter is obtained through calculation;
s4: establishing a relation curve which meets the requirements of different sand rates and the total amount and water consumption of the cementing material under the designed strength grade;
s5: through the test, the relationship of the mixing ratios of the same design strength and different sand rates is obtained, and the mixing ratios are searched on site according to the sand rates, so that the dynamic adjustment of the mixing ratios is carried out.
2. The method for designing the mix proportion of the cemented sand and gravel based on dynamic adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the sand ratio ranges from 10% to 40%, the sand ratio comprises the coarsest, average and finest grading sand ratio, and the mortar margin ranges from 0.6 to 2.6.
3. The method for designing the mix proportion of the cemented sand and gravel based on dynamic adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1 of the above-mentioned process,
mortar margin: mortar occupies the volume ratio of sand voids;
α＝(1-m sand and sand /γs-m Stone /γg)/(m Sand and sand /γg Vibration device -m Sand and sand /γs)
Wherein: alpha: mortar margin;
m stone : the mass of the stone in each material, kg/m 3 ；
m Sand and sand : the mass of sand in each material, kg/m 3 ；
Gamma g, apparent density of stone material, kg/m 3 ；
γs: apparent density of sand, kg/m 3 ；
γg Vibration device Tap density of stone material, kg/m 3 ；
γs Vibration device : vibration density of sand material, kg/m 3 。
4. The method for designing the mix proportion of the cemented sand and gravel based on dynamic adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, in the compressive strength test, the water-cement ratio and the mortar margin should be capable of covering the recommended blending ratio in different blending ranges under the design grade.
5. The method for designing the mix proportion of the cemented sand and gravel based on dynamic adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the principle of the grading treatment of the sand-gravel mixing method in the compression strength test is as follows: firstly, a similar grading method is used, a proper similar mould ratio is used, the sand rate change before and after the shrinkage is ensured to be 4.5-5.5% as far as possible, and the particle content of more than 40mm is ensured to be less than 40% so as to enable the particles to meet the application condition of an equivalent substitution method, and then the equivalent substitution method is adopted.
6. The method for designing the mix proportion of the cemented sand and gravel based on dynamic adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, when the compressive strength test is carried out in a room, the sand gravel grading treatment adopts a mixing method, the grain size is reduced to below 40mm, and the molding adopts a vibration compaction method.
7. The method for designing the mix proportion of the cemented sand and gravel based on dynamic adjustment according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the mixing ratio parameters comprise unit water consumption, cement consumption or fly ash consumption.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105224727A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-06 | 郑州大学 | A kind of autodensing concrete almixture mixing proportion design method |
| CN107954651A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-24 | 华北水利水电大学 | Cement sand and gravel material mix proportion optimization method under a kind of freezing-thawing |
| CN114702271A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-05 | 葛洲坝集团试验检测有限公司 | Cemented sand gravel mix proportion design method based on critical sand rate |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105224727A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-06 | 郑州大学 | A kind of autodensing concrete almixture mixing proportion design method |
| CN107954651A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-24 | 华北水利水电大学 | Cement sand and gravel material mix proportion optimization method under a kind of freezing-thawing |
| CN114702271A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-05 | 葛洲坝集团试验检测有限公司 | Cemented sand gravel mix proportion design method based on critical sand rate |
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