CN116213680B - Casting method and casting equipment for rotor - Google Patents
Casting method and casting equipment for rotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116213680B CN116213680B CN202310497642.6A CN202310497642A CN116213680B CN 116213680 B CN116213680 B CN 116213680B CN 202310497642 A CN202310497642 A CN 202310497642A CN 116213680 B CN116213680 B CN 116213680B
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- cooling
- casting
- flow channel
- rotor
- cooling flow
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0054—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product rotors, stators for electrical motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of motor production, and discloses a casting method and casting equipment for a rotor, wherein a casting device used in the casting method comprises a casting mould and a cooling runner, the axial direction of the casting mould is arranged along the vertical direction, and the cooling runner forms a spiral shape in the vertical direction and surrounds the casting mould; the casting method comprises the following steps of S1, heating a rotor iron core and then putting the rotor iron core into a casting mould of a casting device; s2, pouring the malleable cast material into a casting mould in the casting device by means of self gravity; s3, loading a pressing block above the casting mould, and applying downward pressure on the malleable cast material along the axial direction of the casting mould by using the pressing block; s4, controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling runner to enable the cooling speed of the lower part of the casting mould to be larger than that of the upper part of the casting mould. The rotor has the advantages of high strength, low conductivity and high strength; the rotor with higher conductivity and lower strength.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of motor production, in particular to a casting method and casting equipment of a rotor.
Background
A squirrel-cage motor is one of three-phase asynchronous motors, and the squirrel-cage rotor is the rotating part of the squirrel-cage motor. In general, a rotor coil made of copper or aluminum is cast in a cage-shaped slot on a rotor core, and the coil is a closed loop which is not connected with other parts, and mainly aims to restrain stator current. Currently, common casting methods include high pressure casting and centrifugal casting.
High pressure casting is to press molten aluminum or copper into a metal mold at a very high speed and crystallize it under pressure. The size of the crystal grains of the casting obtained by high-pressure casting is smaller, so that the rotor has higher strength; however, the low density of castings obtained by high pressure casting results in low electrical conductivity, which is undesirable in rotor applications. In addition, high-pressure casting consumes large amounts of equipment and energy, and is costly and difficult to operate.
In centrifugal casting, molten aluminum or molten copper is poured into a mold rotating at a high speed, so that the molten metal is centrifugally moved to fill the mold and form a casting. The density and the conductivity of the castings obtained by centrifugal casting are high; however, centrifugal casting results in a casting with a larger grain size, resulting in a casting with lower strength; in addition, since the centrifugal casting mold needs to be rotated, it is difficult to provide a device for rapidly controlling the temperature thereof, and thus the tact time thereof is slow and the production cost thereof is high.
Aiming at the related technology, the applicant considers that the rotor cast by two casting modes has certain problems, and the rotor cast by high pressure has higher strength and lower conductivity; centrifugally cast rotors have higher electrical conductivity and lower strength.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to alleviate the problem that both high-pressure cast rotors and centrifugally cast rotors have certain defects, the application provides a casting method of the rotors.
The application provides a casting method of a rotor, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a casting method of a rotor, the casting method using a casting apparatus including a mold whose axial direction is set in a vertical direction and a cooling runner which forms a spiral shape in the vertical direction and surrounds the mold; the casting method comprises the following steps of S1, heating a rotor iron core and then putting the rotor iron core into a casting mould of a casting device; s2, pouring the malleable cast material into a casting mould in the casting device by means of self gravity; s3, loading a pressing block above the casting mould, and applying downward pressure on the malleable cast material along the axial direction of the casting mould by using the pressing block; s4, controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling runner to enable the cooling speed of the lower part of the casting mould to be larger than that of the upper part of the casting mould.
By adopting the technical scheme, the forgeable matter is poured into the casting device, and pressure is applied to the forgeable matter by using the pressing block, so that the forgeable matter is crystallized under the action of the pressure, and the grain size of the casting is reduced; meanwhile, the cooling temperature outside the casting device is controlled, so that the cooling speed of the lower part of the casting mould is higher than that of the upper part of the casting mould, a malleable cast substance far away from one end of the pressing block is solidified first, the pressure provided by the pressing block is matched, the possibility of forming loose tissues such as shrinkage cavities or bubbles inside the casting is reduced, and the compactness of the casting is improved.
Optionally, in S3, the briquette is heated by a heating device before the briquette applies pressure to the malleable material.
By adopting the technical scheme, before the pressing block applies pressure to the malleable substance, the pressing block is heated, so that the malleable substance in a molten state is not easy to adhere to the pressing block.
Optionally, the cooling flow channel comprises a first cooling flow channel and a second cooling flow channel which are arranged from top to bottom, the cooling area corresponding to the first cooling flow channel is a first cooling area, and the cooling area corresponding to the second cooling flow channel is a second cooling area; and S4, conveying cooling liquid into the second cooling flow channel to enable the cooling speed of the second cooling area to reach 30 ℃/min, and conveying the cooling liquid into the first cooling flow channel to enable the cooling speed of the first cooling area to be smaller than that of the second cooling area.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cooling liquid is firstly conveyed into the second cooling flow channel positioned below, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling flow channel positioned below is enabled to be larger than the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling flow channel positioned above by controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid input, so that the cooling speed of the cooling area positioned below is enabled to be larger than the cooling speed of the cooling area positioned above.
Optionally, in S1, the rotor core is heated to 600-700 ℃ and then placed into a mold of a casting device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rotor core is preheated to 600-700 ℃ before being placed into a casting device, so that the possibility that the rotor core influences the cooling effect on castings is reduced.
Optionally, S4 is performed prior to S3, or S3 and S4 are performed simultaneously.
In order to alleviate the problem that both the rotor cast at high pressure and the rotor cast by centrifugation have certain defects, the application also provides casting equipment of the rotor.
The application provides casting equipment of a rotor, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the casting equipment of the rotor comprises a pressing block and the casting device, wherein a casting mould is formed in the casting device, the pressing block is used for applying pressure to a malleable substance under the condition that the malleable substance is filled into the casting mould, a cooling runner is arranged in the casting device, and a plurality of cooling areas with different cooling speeds are formed along the direction of the pressing block applying pressure.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the forgeable matter is filled into the casting mould, the pressing block is utilized to apply pressure to the forgeable matter in the casting mould, so that the forgeable matter is crystallized under the action of the pressure, and the grain size of the casting is reduced; meanwhile, a plurality of cooling areas with different cooling speeds are formed by arranging cooling flow channels in the casting device, so that the temperature in the casting mould can be controlled in a region-by-region manner in the direction of applying pressure along the pressing block, the malleable cast substance far away from one end of the pressing block is firstly solidified by adjusting the temperature of the cooling areas, the pressure provided by the pressing block is matched, the possibility of forming loose tissues such as shrinkage cavities or bubbles in the casting is reduced, and the compactness of the casting is improved.
Optionally, the casting device includes mould, lower mould and additional cooling device, additional cooling device is located between mould and the lower mould, the briquetting is exerted pressure by last mould one end to lower mould one end, the cooling runner includes first cooling runner and second cooling runner, first cooling runner is seted up additional cooling device is last, first cooling runner forms first cooling zone, second cooling runner is seted up on the lower mould, second cooling runner forms second cooling zone, first cooling runner includes a plurality of sub-cooling runner, a plurality of sub-cooling runner is followed the direction that briquetting exerted pressure forms a plurality of cooling rate different sub-cooling zone.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first cooling flow channel is formed on the additional cooling device, a first cooling area is formed in the casting mould by using the first cooling flow channel, the second cooling flow channel is formed on the lower mould, and a second cooling area is formed in the casting mould by using the second flow channel; in the casting process, the flow rates of cooling liquid in the first cooling runner and the second cooling runner are regulated to enable the temperature of the second cooling area to be lower than that of the first cooling area, so that a malleable substance close to one end of the lower die is solidified first; a plurality of sub-cooling flow channels are formed on the additional cooling device, a plurality of sub-cooling areas with different cooling speeds are formed by the plurality of sub-cooling flow channels, the casting mould space is further divided, and the effect of gradually cooling is improved.
Optionally, a plurality of the sub-cooling flow passages are independently provided.
By adopting the technical scheme, the plurality of sub-cooling flow channels are mutually independent, and the temperature of the sub-cooling area formed by the sub-cooling flow channels can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the sub-cooling flow channels.
Optionally, the second cooling flow channel and the plurality of sub cooling flow channels have different flow channel cross sectional areas.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cross-sectional areas of the second cooling flow channel and the plurality of sub cooling flow channels are different, and when the cooling liquid is pumped into the second cooling flow channel and the plurality of sub cooling flow channels under the same pressure, the flow rates of the cooling liquid in the second cooling flow channel and the plurality of sub cooling flow channels are different, so that cooling areas with different cooling speeds are formed.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the pressure is applied to the forgeable casting substance by the pressing block, so that the forgeable casting substance is crystallized under the action of the pressure, the grain size of the casting is reduced, and meanwhile, the cooling temperature outside the casting device is controlled, so that the cooling speed of the lower part of the casting mould is higher than that of the upper part of the casting mould, the forgeable casting substance far away from one end of the pressing block is solidified first, and the pressure provided by the pressing block is matched, so that the possibility of forming loose tissues such as shrinkage cavities or bubbles in the casting is reduced, and the compactness of the casting is improved;
2. by heating the briquette before the briquette applies pressure to the malleable material, the malleable material in a molten state is less likely to adhere to the briquette.
3. A plurality of sub-cooling flow channels are formed on the additional cooling device, a plurality of sub-cooling areas with different cooling speeds are formed by the plurality of sub-cooling flow channels, the casting mould space is further divided, and the effect of gradually cooling is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present application (some of the structural features are omitted from the drawing);
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals: 100. a casting device; 110. an upper die; 120. a lower die; 130. adding a cooling device; 200. briquetting; 300. casting mould; 400. a first cooling flow passage; 410. sub-cooling flow channels; 411. a flow channel inlet; 412. a flow channel outlet; 500. and a second cooling flow passage.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-4.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application discloses casting equipment for a rotor. Referring to fig. 1, a casting apparatus of a rotor includes a casting device 100, a press, and a compact 200.
The casting apparatus 100 includes an upper mold 110, an additional cooling device 130, and a lower mold 120. The additional cooling device 130 is in a cylindrical shape with two open ends, the axis of the additional cooling device 130 is vertically arranged, and the additional cooling device 130 is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the rotor core. The upper mold 110 is covered over the rotor core, the lower mold 120 is covered under the rotor core, and the mold 300 for accommodating the malleable substance is formed by the cooperation of the upper mold 110 and the lower mold 120 with the rotor core.
Referring to fig. 2, the press block 200 is fixedly connected to a driving end of a press, the press drives the press block 200 to move along an axial direction of the casting mold 300, and the press can provide a pressure of 1000KN-3000KN. The upper end of upper mold 110 is provided with a sprue through which compact 200 may be introduced into mold 300.
After the malleable material is injected into mold 300 through the gate, press ram 200 is driven into mold 300 through the gate. Briquette 200 applies pressure to the malleable mass within mold 300 to crystallize the malleable mass, e.g., molten metallic mass such as liquid aluminum, liquid copper, etc., under pressure, reducing the grain size of the casting and thereby increasing the strength of the casting.
The surface of the pressing block 200 is coated with a high-temperature-resistant anti-sticking material, and the anti-sticking material in the embodiment is ZS-high-temperature-resistant self-cleaning non-sticking coating of Beijing Zhi Cheng Weihua chemical industry Co., ltd, so that an anti-sticking coating is formed. Reducing the likelihood of sticking to the malleable mass during application of pressure to the malleable mass by compact 200.
The pressing block 200 is connected with a heating device. The temperature of compact 200 is controlled by the heating device during the application of pressure by compact 200 to the malleable material, further reducing the likelihood of the malleable material sticking to compact 200. In addition, the upper portion of the mold 300 is heated by the briquette 200 so that the upper portion of the malleable material in the mold 300 has a higher temperature than the lower portion.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the casting apparatus 100 is provided with a spiral cooling runner, the axis of which is collinear with the axis of the additional cooling apparatus 130, and the malleable material in the mold 300 is cooled by pouring a cooling liquid into the cooling runner.
The cooling flow path includes a first cooling flow path 400 opened at the additional cooling device 130 and a second cooling flow path 500 opened at the lower mold 120. The first cooling runner 400 forms a first cooling zone within the mold 300 and the second cooling runner 500 forms a second cooling zone within the mold 300. During casting, the flow rates of the cooling liquid in the first cooling runner 400 and the second cooling runner 500 are adjusted to make the temperature of the second cooling area lower than that of the first cooling area, so that the malleable cast material near one end of the lower die 120 is solidified first; and the pressure provided by the pressing block 200 is matched, so that the possibility of forming loose tissues such as shrinkage cavities or bubbles in the casting is reduced, and the compactness of the casting is improved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first cooling runner 400 includes a plurality of (three in this embodiment) sub-cooling runners 410, and the three sub-cooling runners 410 are disposed at intervals along an axial direction, so as to form three sub-cooling areas, and during the casting process, the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the three sub-cooling runners 410 is adjusted, so that the temperatures of the three sub-cooling areas gradually increase from bottom to top, and the space of the casting mold 300 is further divided, thereby improving the effect of gradually cooling. The three sub-cooling channels 410 are independent of each other, and each sub-cooling channel comprises a channel inlet 411 and a channel outlet 412 which are formed in the additional cooling device 130, and the channel inlet 411 of the same sub-cooling channel 410 is located below the channel outlet 412. The cooling fluid enters the sub-cooling channels 410 through the channel inlets 411 and, after spirally surrounding the mold 300 for at least one week, flows out of the sub-cooling channels 410 through the channel outlets 412. The temperature of the cooling liquid gradually increases during the flow of the cooling liquid in the cooling flow passage. By providing the flow channel inlet 411 below the flow channel outlet 412, the cooling rate of the lower part is made greater than that of the upper part in the same sub-cooling area.
The first embodiment of the application also discloses a casting method of the rotor, which mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating a rotor core to 600-700 ℃, putting the rotor core into a casting mold 300, and fixing the rotor core and a casting device 100 together so that the axis of the rotor core is collinear with the axial direction of the casting mold 300;
s2, pouring a malleable substance into the casting mould 300, wherein the malleable substance enters the casting mould 300 by means of self gravity, and the casting mould 300 is axially and vertically arranged;
s3, heating the pressing block 200 by using a heating device, loading the heated pressing block 200 above the casting mold 300, applying a pressure of 1000KN-3000KN to a malleable cast substance in the casting mold 300 by using a press through the pressing block 200, maintaining the pressure for 1min, and removing the pressure;
s4, firstly conveying cooling liquid into the second cooling flow channel 500, controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid to enable the cooling speed of the second cooling area to reach 30 ℃/min, and then conveying the cooling liquid into the three sub cooling flow channels 410 from bottom to top in sequence to enable the cooling speeds in the three sub cooling areas to reach 16 ℃/min, 12 ℃/min and 8 ℃/min respectively;
s5, taking out the rotor from the casting device 100 when the upper part of the casting mould 300 is cooled to 200-250 ℃.
S4 may be performed prior to S3, or S3 and S4 may be performed simultaneously.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, the second embodiment of the present application is mainly different from the first embodiment in that:
the additional cooling device 130 is integrally formed with the lower die 120. The second cooling flow passage 500 communicates with the three sub-cooling flow passages 410, and the flow passage cross-sectional area of the second cooling flow passage 500 is smaller than that of the sub-cooling flow passages 410, and the flow passage cross-sectional areas of the three sub-cooling flow passages 410 are gradually increased from bottom to top. During casting, when the cooling liquid is pumped into the second cooling flow passage 500 and the plurality of sub-cooling flow passages 410 at the same pressure, the flow rates of the cooling liquid in the second cooling flow passage 500 and the plurality of sub-cooling flow passages 410 are different, thereby forming cooling regions of different cooling rates.
The second embodiment of the application also discloses a casting method of the rotor, and the main difference with the first embodiment is that: in S4, the second cooling flow path 500 is filled with the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid flows from the second cooling flow path 500 to the sub cooling flow path 410; the cooling speed of the second cooling area reaches 30 ℃/min, and the cooling speeds of the three sub-cooling areas sequentially reach 16 ℃/min, 12 ℃/min and 8 ℃/min from bottom to top.
Example III
Referring to fig. 4, the third embodiment of the present application differs from the first embodiment mainly in that:
the additional cooling device 130 is integrally formed with the upper die 110.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of casting a rotor, characterized by:
the casting device used in the casting method comprises a casting mould and a cooling runner, wherein the axial direction of the casting mould is arranged along the vertical direction, and the cooling runner forms a spiral shape along the vertical direction and surrounds the casting mould;
the casting method includes the steps of,
s1, heating a rotor core and then placing the rotor core into a casting mould of a casting device;
s2, pouring the malleable cast material into a casting mould in the casting device by means of self gravity;
s3, after the malleable cast material is injected into the casting mould through the pouring port, loading a pressing block above the casting mould, and applying downward pressure on the malleable cast material along the axial direction of the casting mould by using the pressing block;
s4, controlling the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling runner to enable the cooling speed of the lower part of the casting mould to be larger than that of the upper part of the casting mould.
2. A method of casting a rotor according to claim 1, wherein: in S3, the briquette is heated by a heating device before the briquette applies pressure to the malleable substance.
3. A method of casting a rotor according to claim 1, wherein: and S3, applying pressure of the pressing block to the malleable substance to be 1000KN-3000KN.
4. A method of casting a rotor according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling flow channel comprises a first cooling flow channel and a second cooling flow channel which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein a cooling area corresponding to the first cooling flow channel is a first cooling area, and a cooling area corresponding to the second cooling flow channel is a second cooling area; and S4, conveying cooling liquid into the second cooling flow channel to enable the cooling speed of the second cooling area to reach 30 ℃/min, and conveying the cooling liquid into the first cooling flow channel to enable the cooling speed of the first cooling area to be smaller than that of the second cooling area.
5. A method of casting a rotor according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, the rotor core is heated to 600-700 ℃ and then is put into a casting mould of a casting device.
6. A method of casting a rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: s4 is performed prior to S3, or S3 and S4 are performed simultaneously.
7. A casting apparatus for a rotor, characterized in that: comprising a briquette and a casting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, in which a casting mold is formed, the briquette being adapted to apply pressure to a malleable material in the event that the malleable material is filled into the casting mold, the casting apparatus being provided with cooling runners therein, the cooling runners forming a plurality of cooling zones of different cooling rates in the direction in which the briquette applies pressure.
8. A casting apparatus for a rotor as defined in claim 7, wherein: the casting device comprises an upper die, a lower die and an additional cooling device, wherein the additional cooling device is positioned between the upper die and the lower die, the pressing block is subjected to pressure application from one end of the upper die to one end of the lower die, the cooling flow channels comprise a first cooling flow channel and a second cooling flow channel, the first cooling flow channel is arranged on the additional cooling device, the first cooling flow channel forms a first cooling area, the second cooling flow channel is arranged on the lower die, the second cooling flow channel forms a second cooling area, the first cooling flow channel comprises a plurality of sub cooling flow channels, and the sub cooling flow channels form a plurality of sub cooling areas with different cooling speeds along the direction of the pressing block applied with the pressure.
9. A casting apparatus for a rotor as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the plurality of sub-cooling flow passages are independently arranged.
10. A casting apparatus for a rotor as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the cross sectional areas of the second cooling flow channel and the plurality of sub cooling flow channels are different, and the second cooling flow channel is communicated with the sub cooling flow channels.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310497642.6A CN116213680B (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | Casting method and casting equipment for rotor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310497642.6A CN116213680B (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | Casting method and casting equipment for rotor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116213680A CN116213680A (en) | 2023-06-06 |
| CN116213680B true CN116213680B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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| CN213002585U (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-04-20 | 宁夏昌茂祥冶炼有限公司 | Quick even refrigerated metallurgy casting mould |
| CN213559753U (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-06-29 | 苏州越隆轩精密模具有限公司 | Casting mold for machining automobile engine shell |
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| CN116213680A (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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