CN112877584B - Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel - Google Patents
Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877584B CN112877584B CN202110181001.0A CN202110181001A CN112877584B CN 112877584 B CN112877584 B CN 112877584B CN 202110181001 A CN202110181001 A CN 202110181001A CN 112877584 B CN112877584 B CN 112877584B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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Abstract
The device comprises a steel smelting furnace, a middle ladle, a pouring ladle, a sand mould, a pouring pipeline and a heating furnace; the sand mould comprises a mould shell, wherein cavities penetrating through two ends of the mould shell are arranged in the mould shell, sand mould plugs for plugging the cavities are arranged at two ends of the mould shell, a liquid inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which are communicated with the cavities are arranged on the mould shell, and spiral plugs are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe in a matching mode; the heating furnace is provided with a discharging pipe communicated with the pouring pipeline; the pouring pipeline is used for pouring molten steel and ceramic particles into the die cavity together. The device and the method can manufacture the metal matrix composite ceramic steel, greatly improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel, and meet the requirement of industrial equipment on the steel with high wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel production, in particular to a production device and a production method of metal matrix composite ceramic steel.
Background
With the rapid development of wear-resistant technology and wear-resistant industry, in order to reduce economic loss caused by equipment and workpiece wear failure, mechanical manufacturers are beginning to use high-strength wear-resistant steel plates in large quantities, so that the demand for high-strength wear-resistant steel plates is rapidly growing.
However, when the steel prepared by the existing steel production equipment is applied to partial fields, such as round steel for manufacturing metal balls for ball mills, wear-resistant lining plates for ball mills and the like, the phenomena of low hardness, faster wear and lower service life exist, and the wear resistance cannot meet the use requirements of industrial equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a production device and a production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel, through which the metal-based composite ceramic steel can be manufactured, the hardness and wear resistance of the steel are greatly improved, and the requirements of industrial equipment on the steel with high wear resistance are met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a production device of metal-based composite ceramic steel, comprising a steel smelting furnace, an intermediate ladle and a pouring ladle for pouring molten steel, wherein the steel smelting furnace is used for melting steel billets into molten steel, and the intermediate ladle is used for transferring the molten steel from the steel smelting furnace to the molten steel pouring ladle;
the sand mould comprises a mould shell, wherein cavities penetrating through two ends of the mould shell are arranged in the mould shell, sand mould plugs for plugging the cavities are arranged at two ends of the mould shell, a liquid inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which are communicated with the cavities are arranged on the mould shell, and spiral plugs for plugging pipelines are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe in a matching mode;
the heating furnace is provided with a discharge pipe communicated with the pouring pipeline, and the discharge pipe is used for conveying the heated ceramic particles to the pouring pipeline;
the pouring pipeline is used for jointly pouring molten steel poured by the pouring ladle and ceramic particles conveyed from the discharging pipe to the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe.
Further, the production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel further comprises a cooling device for cooling the sand mould die, the cooling device comprises a box-shaped shell and an openable cover body arranged on the shell, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the shell, and the sand mould die is fixedly arranged in the shell.
Further, the shell is also provided with an exhaust pipe connected with the vacuum pump and an air inlet pipe connected with the inert gas storage tank, so as to vacuumize the interior of the shell and introduce inert gas.
Further, the production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel further comprises a rotating device for driving the cooling device to horizontally overturn, the rotating device comprises a support and a base, the support is arranged between the supports and used for fixedly placing the cooling device, a servo motor is fixed on the support, a rotating shaft perpendicular to the support is fixed on an output shaft of the servo motor, and the base is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft.
Further, the sand mould is provided with a plurality of sand moulds which are uniformly distributed in the shell.
Further, the cross section of the die cavity is round or square or is in a multi-arch shape.
Further, the pouring pipeline comprises a bottom plate and vertical plates which are oppositely arranged at two ends of the bottom plate, heat insulation materials are arranged in the bottom plate and the vertical plates, and the bottom plate and the vertical plates jointly enclose a chute for circulating molten steel and ceramic particles.
The production process of metal base composite ceramic steel includes the following steps:
firstly, adding a steel billet into a steel smelting furnace to prepare 1450-1700 ℃ molten steel, and transferring the molten steel to a pouring ladle through an intermediate ladle;
step two, starting a heating furnace to heat the ceramic particles to 500-1400 ℃;
pouring molten steel and ceramic particles into a cavity of a sand mould together;
step four, cooling the sand mould, and simultaneously, continuously horizontally overturning the sand mould so as to uniformly mix ceramic particles in the cavity with molten steel;
and fifthly, taking out the solidified steel in the cavity after cooling and solidifying the molten steel in the cavity, and carrying out sand removal and correction to prepare the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
Further, in the third step, the adding amount of the ceramic particles accounts for 5% -55% of the volume of the cavity.
Further, in the fourth step, the sand mold is placed in an inert gas atmosphere before the sand mold is cooled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention prepares the metal-based composite ceramic steel by adding ceramic particles together when pouring molten steel into a sand mould, thereby greatly improving the wear resistance of the steel and prolonging the service life of the wear-resistant steel.
2. According to the invention, the rotating device is arranged, so that ceramic particles and molten steel poured in the sand mould die are uniformly turned over to be thoroughly and uniformly mixed, the uniformity of the ceramic particles dispersed in the molten steel is improved, the ceramic particles are uniformly distributed in the whole prepared molten steel, the overall wear resistance of the prepared metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved, and the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is prolonged.
3. When ceramic particles are poured into a sand mold together with molten steel, the ceramic particles are preheated, so that the temperature of the ceramic particles is matched with the temperature of the molten steel, and the phenomenon of cracking of steel materials caused by different shrinkage coefficients of the ceramic particles and the molten steel in the cooling and solidifying process of the molten steel is effectively avoided.
4. The invention can manufacture inert gas atmosphere around the sand mould, effectively reduces the influence of oxidizing gas in air on molten steel in rotary cooling, improves the quality of metal-based composite ceramic steel, and further prolongs the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sand mold;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a cooling device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rotary device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a casting pipe;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sand mold with a multi-arch cavity.
The marks in the figure: 1. steel smelting furnace, 2, middle ladle, 3, pouring ladle, 4, heating furnace, 5, discharging pipe, 501, electric gate valve, 6, pouring pipe, 601, riser, 602, chute, 603, heat insulation material, 604, bottom plate, 7, cooling device, 701, shell, 702, water inlet pipe, 703, buckle, 704, cover, 705, hinge, 706, water outlet pipe, 707, exhaust pipe, 708, air inlet pipe, 8, sand mold, 801, sand mold plug, 802, liquid inlet pipe, 803, spiral plug, 804, mold shell, 805, cavity, 806, exhaust pipe, 9, rotating device, 901, support, 902, servo motor, 903, rotating shaft, 904, connecting column, 905, base, 10, ceramic particles.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a production apparatus for metal-based composite ceramic steel comprises a steel smelting furnace 1 for melting a steel slab into molten steel, an intermediate ladle 2 for transferring molten steel from the steel smelting furnace 1 to the molten steel pouring ladle 3, a sand mold 8, a heating furnace 4 for heating ceramic particles 10, a pouring pipe 6 for pouring molten steel and ceramic particles 10 into the sand mold 8, and a cooling device 7 for cooling the sand mold 8.
The sand mould 8 comprises a mould shell 804, cavities 805 penetrating through two ends of the mould shell 804 are arranged in the mould shell 804, sand mould plugs 801 for plugging the cavities 805 are arranged at two ends of the mould shell 804, a liquid inlet pipe 802 and an exhaust pipe 806 which are communicated with the cavities 805 are arranged on the mould shell 804, and spiral plugs 803 for plugging pipelines are arranged in a matched mode in the liquid inlet pipe 802 and the exhaust pipe 806.
The heating furnace 4 is provided with a discharging pipe 5 communicated with the pouring pipeline 6, the discharging pipe 5 is made of corundum pipe or silicon carbide pipe materials, the discharging pipe 5 is used for conveying heated ceramic particles 10 to the pouring pipeline 6, and in the concrete implementation, the heating furnace 4 is provided with a furnace body, a heating system, a temperature control system, a temperature thermocouple and a material frame for containing the ceramic particles 10, the heating furnace 4 can select a temperature control range of 100-1400 ℃ and a temperature precision of +/-1 ℃ so as to better control the heating temperature of the ceramic particles 10, and the ceramic particles are preheated firstly, so that the ceramic particles are matched with the temperature of molten steel, and the phenomenon that cracks occur in steel materials caused by different shrinkage coefficients of the ceramic particles and the molten steel in the cooling and solidifying process of molten steel is effectively avoided.
The discharge pipe 5 can be provided with an electric gate valve 501, the electric gate valve 501 can be an automatically controlled ceramic plug board, the ceramic plug board is inserted into the ceramic plug board to be a closed valve, and the ceramic plug board is inserted into the ceramic plug board to be pulled out to be an opened valve, so that the automatic outflow of ceramic particles 10 can be controlled more accurately and quantitatively, the preheated ceramic particles can be quantitatively fed, the volume ratio of the ceramic particles during casting can be controlled, and the overall wear resistance of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved by determining the proper addition amount, so that the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is further prolonged.
In specific implementation, the ceramic particles 10 can be made of corundum, silicon carbide, alumina, zirconia and other ceramic hard materials, and the ceramic particles are spherical or uncertain particles with the diameter of 2-40mm.
The pouring pipeline 6 is used for jointly pouring molten steel poured by the pouring ladle 3 and ceramic particles 10 conveyed from the discharging pipe 5 into the cavity 805 through the liquid inlet pipe 802, in specific implementation, the pouring pipeline 6 comprises a bottom plate 604 and vertical plates 601 which are oppositely arranged at two ends of the bottom plate 604, heat insulation materials 603 are arranged in the bottom plate 604 and the vertical plates 601, the bottom plate 604 and the vertical plates 601 jointly enclose a chute 602 for flowing molten steel and the ceramic particles 10, when the pouring pipeline is used, the chute 602 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 802 of the sand mould 8, the pouring ladle 3 is inclined to pour the molten steel into the chute 602, the ceramic particles 10 enter the chute 602 from the discharging pipe 5, and the chute 602 jointly pours the molten steel and the ceramic particles 10 into the cavity 805.
The metal-based composite ceramic steel is prepared by adding the ceramic particles 10 together when molten steel is poured into the sand mould 8, so that the ceramic particles and the molten steel poured into the sand mould 8 are uniformly turned over to be thoroughly and uniformly mixed, the uniformity of the ceramic particles 10 dispersed in the molten steel is improved, the ceramic particles 10 are uniformly distributed in the whole prepared steel, the overall wear resistance of the prepared metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved, and the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is prolonged.
Further, the production device of metal matrix composite ceramic steel still includes the cooling device 7 that is used for cooling sand mould 8, and cooling device 7 includes box casing 701 and sets up the openable lid 704 on casing 701, and the openable setting can be with hinge 705 connection lid 704 and casing 701 when implementing to set up buckle 703 on the contralateral casing 701 that sets up hinge 705, be equipped with inlet tube 702 and outlet pipe 706 on the casing 701, sand mould 8 is fixed to be set up in the casing 701, through adding to establish cooling device 7 can make the molten steel of pouring evenly cool down when the upset, improves production efficiency and the production quality of metal matrix composite ceramic steel.
In specific implementation, the sand mold 8 is provided with a plurality of sand molds and is uniformly distributed in the housing 701, the cavity 805 may be provided with different shapes according to production requirements, for example, the cavity 805 may be provided with a round cross section or a multi-arch cross section, round steel may be produced when the cross section of the cavity 805 is round, at this time, the diameter of the sand mold 8 may be Φ20-120mm, the length of the sand mold 8 may be 1000-2500mm, when the cross section of the cavity 805 is square, square steel may be produced, the produced square steel may be further rolled to obtain round steel, and when the cross section of the cavity 805 is multi-arch cross section, plate steel with a convex arc surface may be produced, and the plate steel may be used as an inner lining plate of the ball mill.
Further, the casing 701 is further provided with an exhaust pipe 707 for connecting with a vacuum pump and an air inlet pipe 708 for connecting with an inert gas storage tank, so as to vacuumize the interior of the casing 701 and introduce inert gas such as argon, thereby making an inert gas atmosphere around the sand mold 8, effectively reducing oxidation of molten steel during cooling, and improving quality of the metal-matrix composite ceramic steel.
Further, a device for producing metal matrix composite ceramic steel still includes the rotary device 9 that is used for driving the horizontal upset of cooling device 7, rotary device 9 is including the support 901 that sets up relatively and set up between support 901 and be used for fixed base 905 of placing cooling device 7, be fixed with servo motor 902 on the support 901, be fixed with the pivot 903 that the perpendicular to support 901 set up on the output shaft of servo motor 902, base 905 fixed mounting is in on the pivot 903, start servo motor 902 can drive base 905 and realize horizontal upset, during specific upset, can control servo motor 902 and reverse again same angle after carrying out continuous corotation certain angle to base 905, so that better mixed ceramic particle 10, according to the size of base 905 still can be fixed a plurality of spliced poles 904 in pivot 903, spliced pole 904 fixed connection base 905 in order to increase the homogeneity of base 905 atress, improve the effect of upset.
The production process of metal base composite ceramic steel includes the following steps:
step one, adding a steel billet into a steel smelting furnace 1 to prepare molten steel at 1450-1700 ℃, transferring the molten steel to a pouring ladle 3 through an intermediate ladle 2, and adding an anti-oxidation covering additive into the molten steel when the concrete implementation is carried out.
And secondly, starting the heating furnace 4 to heat the ceramic particles 10 to 500-1400 ℃, wherein the specific temperature can be selected according to different ceramic particles and the application of the manufactured steel, and the selection of the temperature can effectively avoid the phenomenon of cracking of the steel caused by different shrinkage coefficients of the ceramic particles 10 and the molten steel in the cooling process of the molten steel.
And thirdly, pouring molten steel and ceramic particles 10 into a cavity 805 of a sand mold 8, wherein when the ceramic particles 10 are added, the adding amount of the ceramic particles 10 can be controlled to be 5% -55% of the volume of the cavity 805, so that the prepared steel has optimal wear resistance, and the method is implemented in particular, a chute 602 is communicated with a liquid inlet pipe 802, two ends of a mold shell 804 are plugged by a sand mold plug 801, an exhaust pipe 806 is opened, the molten steel and the ceramic particles 10 are simultaneously injected into the cavity 805, gas in the cavity 805 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 806, and after the cavity 805 is filled with the molten steel and the ceramic particles 10, the liquid inlet pipe 802 and the exhaust pipe 806 are plugged by a spiral plug 803, so that the pouring process is completed.
And step four, cooling the sand mould 8, and simultaneously turning the sand mould 8 continuously horizontally so as to uniformly mix the ceramic particles 10 in the cavity 805 with molten steel.
In specific implementation, the sand mold 8 can be fixed in the cooling device 7, cooling water is introduced into the cooling device 7 to accelerate cooling of the sand mold 8, the servo motor 902 is started to enable the base 905 to be overturned continuously and horizontally, so that horizontal overturning of the sand mold 8 is realized, ceramic particles 10 and molten steel are fully and uniformly mixed, uniform dispersion of the ceramic particles 10 in the molten steel is improved, and overall wear resistance of the metal-matrix composite ceramic steel is improved.
Before cooling water is introduced into the cooling device 7, the cooling device 7 can be replaced by inert gas, so that the sand mould 8 is in inert gas atmosphere, a sealing gasket is arranged between the shell 701 and the cover 704, the exhaust pipe 707 is communicated with a vacuum pump, air in the cooling device 7 is pumped away, the air inlet pipe 708 is communicated with an inert gas storage tank such as argon and the like, and inert gas is introduced into the shell 701, so that the replacement of the inert gas of the air in the shell 701 is realized, the inert gas atmosphere is formed around the sand mould 8, the oxidation of molten steel in cooling can be effectively reduced, and the quality of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved.
And fifthly, after cooling and solidifying the molten steel in the cavity 805, demolding, taking out the solidified steel in the cavity 805, and performing sand removal and correction to prepare the metal matrix composite ceramic steel.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A production device of metal-based composite ceramic steel, comprising a steel smelting furnace (1), an intermediate ladle (2) and a pouring ladle (3) for pouring molten steel, wherein the steel smelting furnace (1) is used for melting steel billets into molten steel, and the intermediate ladle (2) is used for transferring the molten steel from the steel smelting furnace (1) to the molten steel pouring ladle (3), and is characterized by further comprising a sand mold (8), a cooling device (7) for cooling the sand mold (8), a rotating device (9) for driving the cooling device (7) to horizontally overturn, a heating furnace (4) for heating ceramic particles (10) and a pouring pipeline (6) for pouring the molten steel and the ceramic particles (10) into the sand mold (8);
the sand mould (8) comprises a mould shell (804), a cavity (805) penetrating through two ends of the mould shell (804) is arranged in the mould shell (804), sand mould plugs (801) for plugging the cavity (805) are arranged at two ends of the mould shell (804), a liquid inlet pipe (802) and an exhaust pipe (806) which are communicated with the cavity (805) are arranged on the mould shell (804), and spiral plugs (803) for plugging a pipeline are arranged in a matching mode on the liquid inlet pipe (802) and the exhaust pipe (806);
the heating furnace (4) is provided with a discharge pipe (5) communicated with the pouring pipeline (6), and the discharge pipe (5) is used for conveying the heated ceramic particles (10) to the pouring pipeline (6);
the pouring pipeline (6) is used for pouring molten steel poured by the pouring ladle (3) and ceramic particles (10) conveyed from the discharging pipe (5) to the cavity (805) through the liquid inlet pipe (802);
the cooling device (7) comprises a box-shaped shell (701) and an openable cover body (704) arranged on the shell (701), a water inlet pipe (702) and a water outlet pipe (706) are arranged on the shell (701), and the sand mould (8) is fixedly arranged in the shell (701);
the rotating device (9) comprises a support (901) and bases (905) which are oppositely arranged and are arranged between the supports (901) and used for fixedly placing the cooling device (7), a servo motor (902) is fixed on the support (901), a rotating shaft (903) which is perpendicular to the support (901) is fixed on an output shaft of the servo motor (902), and the bases (905) are fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (903).
2. A device for producing metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 1, wherein the housing (701) is further provided with an exhaust pipe (707) for connection to a vacuum pump and an intake pipe (708) for connection to an inert gas tank, so as to evacuate the interior of the housing (701) and introduce inert gas.
3. A production device of metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of sand mould dies (8) are provided and are uniformly distributed in the housing (701).
4. A device for producing metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross section of the mould cavity (805) is circular or square or in the shape of a multi-arch.
5. The production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 1, wherein the pouring pipeline (6) comprises a bottom plate (604) and vertical plates (601) which are oppositely arranged at two ends of the bottom plate (604), heat insulation materials (603) are arranged in the bottom plate (604) and the vertical plates (601), and the bottom plate (604) and the vertical plates (601) jointly enclose a chute (602) for circulating molten steel and ceramic particles (10).
6. A production method of metal matrix composite ceramic steel is characterized in that: production using a production apparatus of a metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
firstly, adding a steel billet into a steel smelting furnace (1) to prepare 1450-1700 ℃ molten steel, and transferring the molten steel to a pouring ladle (3) through an intermediate ladle (2);
step two, starting a heating furnace (4) to heat the ceramic particles (10) to 500-1400 ℃;
pouring molten steel and ceramic particles (10) into a cavity (805) of a sand mould (8) together;
step four, cooling the sand mould (8), and simultaneously turning over the sand mould (8) continuously to uniformly mix ceramic particles (10) in the cavity (805) with molten steel;
and fifthly, taking out the solidified steel in the cavity (805) after cooling and solidifying the molten steel in the cavity (805), and performing sand removal and correction to prepare the metal matrix composite ceramic steel.
7. The method for producing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 6, wherein in the third step, the ceramic particles (10) are added in an amount of 5% -55% of the volume of the cavity (805).
8. A method of producing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 7, wherein in step four, the sand mould (8) is subjected to an inert gas atmosphere prior to cooling the sand mould (8).
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| CN202110181001.0A CN112877584B (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel |
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| CN202110181001.0A CN112877584B (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel |
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