CN112877584A - Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel - Google Patents
Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877584A CN112877584A CN202110181001.0A CN202110181001A CN112877584A CN 112877584 A CN112877584 A CN 112877584A CN 202110181001 A CN202110181001 A CN 202110181001A CN 112877584 A CN112877584 A CN 112877584A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/006—Making ferrous alloys compositions used for making ferrous alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
Abstract
A production device and a production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel are disclosed, the device comprises a steel smelting furnace, an intermediate steel ladle, a pouring steel ladle, a sand mold, a pouring pipeline and a heating furnace; the sand mold comprises a mold shell, wherein a cavity penetrating through two ends of the mold shell is arranged in the mold shell, sand mold plugs for plugging the cavity are arranged at two ends of the mold shell, a liquid inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which are communicated with the cavity are arranged on the mold shell, and spiral plugs are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe in a matched manner; the heating furnace is provided with a discharge pipe communicated with the pouring pipeline; the pouring pipeline is used for pouring the molten steel and the ceramic particles into the cavity together. The device and the method can be used for manufacturing the metal-based composite ceramic steel, greatly improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel and meet the requirement of industrial equipment on the steel with high wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel production, in particular to a production device and a production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel.
Background
With the rapid development of wear-resistant technology and wear-resistant industry, in order to reduce economic losses caused by wear failure of equipment and workpieces, machine manufacturers begin to use a large amount of high-strength wear-resistant steel plates, so that the demand of the high-strength wear-resistant steel plates is rapidly increased.
However, when the steel prepared by the existing steel production equipment is applied to some fields, such as round steel for manufacturing metal balls for ball mills, wear-resistant lining plates for ball mills and the like, the steel has the phenomena of low hardness, fast wear and short service life, and the wear resistance can not meet the use requirement of industrial equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a production device and a production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel, which can be used for manufacturing the metal-based composite ceramic steel, greatly improve the hardness and the wear resistance of steel and meet the requirement of industrial equipment on the steel with high wear resistance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
a production device of metal matrix composite ceramic steel comprises a steel smelting furnace, an intermediate steel ladle and a pouring steel ladle for pouring molten steel, wherein the steel smelting furnace is used for smelting a steel billet into molten steel, and the intermediate steel ladle is used for transferring the molten steel from the steel smelting furnace to the molten steel pouring steel ladle;
the sand mold comprises a mold shell, wherein a cavity penetrating through two ends of the mold shell is arranged in the mold shell, sand mold plugs for plugging the cavity are arranged at two ends of the mold shell, a liquid inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which are communicated with the cavity are arranged on the mold shell, and spiral plugs for plugging pipelines are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe in a matching manner;
the heating furnace is provided with a discharge pipe communicated with the pouring pipeline, and the discharge pipe is used for conveying the heated ceramic particles to the pouring pipeline;
the pouring pipeline is used for pouring molten steel poured by a pouring ladle and ceramic particles conveyed from the discharge pipe into the cavity through the liquid inlet pipe.
Further, the production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel further comprises a cooling device for cooling the sand mould, the cooling device comprises a box-shaped shell and an openable cover body arranged on the shell, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the shell, and the sand mould is fixedly arranged in the shell.
Further, the shell is further provided with an exhaust pipe connected with a vacuum pump and an air inlet pipe connected with an inert gas storage tank, so that the inside of the shell is vacuumized and inert gas is introduced.
Further, the production device of metal matrix composite ceramic steel still includes the rotary device who is used for driving cooling device horizontal upset, rotary device including relative support that sets up and setting be used for fixed the placing between the support cooling device's base is fixed with servo motor on the support, is fixed with the pivot that the perpendicular to support set up on servo motor's the output shaft, base fixed mounting is in the pivot.
Furthermore, a plurality of sand mould dies are arranged and uniformly distributed in the shell.
Further, the cross section of the cavity is circular or square or in a multi-arch shape.
Furthermore, the pouring pipeline comprises a bottom plate and vertical plates oppositely arranged at two ends of the bottom plate, heat insulation materials are arranged in the bottom plate and the vertical plates, and the bottom plate and the vertical plates jointly form a chute for circulating molten steel and ceramic particles.
A production method of metal matrix composite ceramic steel comprises the following steps:
step one, adding a steel billet into a steel smelting furnace to prepare 1450-1700 ℃ molten steel, and transferring the molten steel to a pouring ladle through an intermediate ladle;
step two, starting a heating furnace to heat the ceramic particles to 500-1400 ℃;
step three, pouring the molten steel and the ceramic particles into a cavity of a sand mold;
cooling the sand mould, and continuously horizontally overturning the sand mould to uniformly mix the ceramic particles in the cavity with the molten steel;
and step five, after the molten steel in the cavity is cooled and solidified, taking out the solidified steel in the cavity, and carrying out desanding and correction to prepare the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
Further, in the third step, the adding amount of the ceramic particles accounts for 5-55% of the volume of the cavity.
Further, in the fourth step, before the sand mold is cooled, the sand mold is placed in an inert gas atmosphere.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the ceramic particles are added together when the molten steel is poured into the sand mould, so that the metal-based composite ceramic steel is prepared, the wear resistance of the steel is greatly improved, and the service life of the wear-resistant steel is prolonged.
2. According to the invention, the rotating device is arranged, so that the ceramic particles and the molten steel poured in the sand mould are uniformly turned over and thoroughly and uniformly mixed, the dispersion uniformity of the ceramic particles in the molten steel is improved, the ceramic particles are uniformly distributed in the whole prepared molten steel, the integral wear resistance of the prepared metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved, and the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is prolonged.
3. When ceramic particles are poured into a sand mold along with molten steel, the ceramic particles are preheated firstly, so that the temperature of the ceramic particles is matched with that of the molten steel, the phenomenon of cracking of steel caused by different shrinkage coefficients of the ceramic particles and the molten steel in the cooling and solidifying process of the molten steel is effectively avoided, in addition, the preheated ceramic particles are quantitatively fed, the volume ratio of the ceramic particles in the pouring process can be controlled, the integral wear resistance of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved by determining the proper addition amount, and the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is further prolonged.
4. The invention can produce inert gas atmosphere around the sand mould, effectively reduces the influence of oxidizing gas in the air on the molten steel in the rotary cooling process, improves the quality of the metal-based composite ceramic steel and further prolongs the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sand mold;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cooling apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a rotating device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the pouring duct;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sand mold with a multiple arch cavity.
The labels in the figure are: 1. the steel smelting furnace comprises a steel smelting furnace body, 2, an intermediate ladle, 3, a pouring ladle, 4, a heating furnace, 5, a discharge pipe, 501, an electric gate valve, 6, a pouring pipeline, 601, a vertical plate, 602, a chute, 603, a heat insulation material, 604, a bottom plate, 7, a cooling device, 701, a shell, 702, a water inlet pipe, 703, a buckle, 704, a cover body, 705, a hinge, 706, a water outlet pipe, 707, an exhaust pipe, 708, an air inlet pipe, 8, a sand mold, 801, a sand mold plug, 802, a liquid inlet pipe, 803, a spiral plug, 804, a mold shell, 805, a cavity, 806, an exhaust pipe, 9, a rotating device, 901, a support, 902, a servo motor, 903, a rotating shaft, 904, a connecting column, 905, a base.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a production apparatus of a metal matrix composite ceramic steel includes a steel smelting furnace 1, an intermediate ladle 2, a pouring ladle 3 for molten steel pouring, a sand mold 8, a heating furnace 4 for heating ceramic particles 10, a pouring duct 6 for pouring molten steel and ceramic particles 10 into the sand mold 8, and a cooling apparatus 7 for cooling the sand mold 8, wherein the steel smelting furnace 1 is used to melt a steel slab into molten steel, and the intermediate ladle 2 is used to transfer the molten steel from the steel smelting furnace 1 to the molten steel pouring ladle 3.
The sand mold 8 comprises a mold shell 804, a cavity 805 penetrating through two ends of the mold shell 804 is arranged in the mold shell 804, sand mold plugs 801 used for plugging the cavity 805 are arranged at two ends of the mold shell 804, a liquid inlet pipe 802 and an exhaust pipe 806 communicated with the cavity 805 are arranged on the mold shell 804, and the liquid inlet pipe 802 and the exhaust pipe 806 are both matched with each other to be provided with spiral plugs 803 used for plugging pipelines.
The heating furnace 4 is provided with a discharge pipe 5 communicated with the pouring pipeline 6, the discharge pipe 5 is made of corundum tubes or silicon carbide tubes, the discharge pipe 5 is used for conveying the heated ceramic particles 10 to the pouring pipeline 6, when the heating furnace 4 is specifically implemented, the heating furnace 4 is provided with a furnace body, a heating system, a temperature control system, a temperature thermocouple and a material frame for containing the ceramic particles 10, the heating furnace 4 can select a temperature control range of 100 plus 1400 ℃ and a temperature precision of +/-1 ℃ so as to better control the heating temperature of the ceramic particles 10, the ceramic particles are preheated firstly, the temperature of the ceramic particles is matched with the temperature of molten steel, and the phenomenon that the steel cracks occur due to different shrinkage coefficients of the ceramic particles and the molten steel in the cooling and solidifying process is effectively avoided.
The discharging pipe 5 can be provided with an electric gate valve 501, the electric gate valve 501 can be an automatically controlled ceramic inserting plate, the ceramic inserting plate is inserted into a closed valve, the ceramic inserting plate is inserted and pulled out to open the valve, so that the ceramic particles 10 can be controlled to automatically flow out more accurately and quantitatively, the preheated ceramic particles are fed quantitatively, the volume ratio of the ceramic particles in pouring can be controlled, the integral wear resistance of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved by determining the appropriate adding amount, and the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is further prolonged.
In specific implementation, the ceramic particles 10 may be made of corundum, silicon carbide, alumina or zirconia, and other ceramic hard materials, and the ceramic particles are spherical or amorphous particles with a diameter of 2-40 mm.
The pouring pipeline 6 is used for pouring molten steel poured by a pouring ladle 3 and ceramic particles 10 conveyed from a discharge pipe 5 into the cavity 805 through the liquid inlet pipe 802, in specific implementation, the pouring pipeline 6 comprises a bottom plate 604 and vertical plates 601 oppositely arranged at two ends of the bottom plate 604, heat insulation materials 603 are arranged in the bottom plate 604 and the vertical plates 601, the bottom plate 604 and the vertical plates 601 jointly enclose a chute 602 for circulating the molten steel and the ceramic particles 10, when the pouring ladle 3 is used, the chute 602 is firstly communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 802 of the sand mold 8, the molten steel is poured into the chute 602 by inclining the pouring ladle 3, the ceramic particles 10 enter the chute 602 from the discharge pipe 5, and the chute 602 pours the molten steel and the ceramic particles 10 into the cavity 805 together.
The ceramic particles 10 are added together when the molten steel is poured into the sand mould 8 to prepare the metal-based composite ceramic steel, so that the ceramic particles poured into the sand mould 8 and the molten steel are uniformly turned to be thoroughly and uniformly mixed, the dispersion uniformity of the ceramic particles 10 in the molten steel is improved, the ceramic particles 10 are uniformly distributed in the whole prepared steel, the integral wear resistance of the prepared metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved, and the service life of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is prolonged.
Further, the production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel further comprises a cooling device 7 used for cooling the sand mold die 8, wherein the cooling device 7 comprises a box-shaped shell 701 and an openable cover body 704 arranged on the shell 701, the openable cover body is arranged in an opening and closing mode and can be connected with the cover body 704 and the shell 701 through a hinge 705 when in implementation, a buckle 703 is arranged on the shell 701 on the opposite side of the hinge 705, a water inlet pipe 702 and a water outlet pipe 706 are arranged on the shell 701, the sand mold die 8 is fixedly arranged in the shell 701, and poured molten steel can be uniformly cooled while being turned over through the addition of the cooling device 7, so that the production efficiency and the production quality of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel are improved.
In specific implementation, a plurality of sand mold 8 are uniformly distributed in the housing 701, the cavity 805 can be set in different shapes according to production needs, for example, the cavity 805 can be set to be circular or arch-shaped in cross section, when the cavity 805 is circular in cross section, round steel can be produced, at this time, the diameter of the sand mold 8 can be phi 20-120mm, the length of the sand mold 8 can be 1000 and 2500mm, when the cavity 805 is square in cross section, square steel can be produced, round steel can be further rolled to the produced square steel, when the cavity 805 is arch-shaped in cross section, plate steel with a convex circular arc surface can be produced, and the lining plate steel can be used as a ball mill lining plate.
Furthermore, the shell 701 is further provided with an exhaust pipe 707 connected with a vacuum pump and an air inlet pipe 708 connected with an inert gas storage tank, so as to vacuumize the interior of the shell 701 and introduce inert gas such as argon, thereby being capable of producing an inert gas atmosphere around the sand mold 8, effectively reducing the oxidation of molten steel in cooling and improving the quality of the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
Further, the production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel further comprises a rotating device 9 for driving the cooling device 7 to horizontally turn over, the rotating device 9 comprises supports 901 which are oppositely arranged and bases 905 which are arranged between the supports 901 and used for fixedly placing the cooling device 7, a servo motor 902 is fixed on the supports 901, a rotating shaft 903 which is perpendicular to the supports 901 is fixed on an output shaft of the servo motor 902, the bases 905 are fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 903, the servo motor 902 is started to drive the bases 905 to horizontally turn over, when the metal matrix composite ceramic steel is specifically turned over, the servo motor 902 can be controlled to continuously rotate forwards for a certain angle and then rotate backwards for the same angle, so that ceramic particles 10 can be better mixed, a plurality of connecting columns 904 can be fixed on the rotating shaft 903 according to the size of the bases 905, the connecting columns 904 are fixedly connected with the bases 905 to increase the stress uniformity of the bases 905, the effect of overturning is improved.
A production method of metal matrix composite ceramic steel comprises the following steps:
step one, adding a steel billet into a steel smelting furnace 1 to prepare 1450-1700 ℃ molten steel, transferring the molten steel to a pouring ladle 3 through an intermediate ladle 2, and adding an anti-oxidation covering additive into the molten steel during specific implementation.
And step two, starting the heating furnace 4 to heat the ceramic particles 10 to 500-1400 ℃, wherein the specific temperature can be selected according to different ceramic particles and the purpose of the manufactured steel, and the temperature can be selected to effectively avoid the cracking phenomenon of the steel caused by different shrinkage coefficients of the ceramic particles 10 and the molten steel in the cooling process of the molten steel.
Step three, pouring the molten steel and the ceramic particles 10 into a cavity 805 of a sand mold 8, wherein when the ceramic particles 10 are added, the adding amount of the ceramic particles 10 can be controlled to be 5% -55% of the volume of the cavity 805, so that the prepared steel has the best wear resistance.
And step four, cooling the sand mould 8, and continuously horizontally overturning the sand mould 8 at the same time so as to uniformly mix the ceramic particles 10 in the cavity 805 with the molten steel.
During specific implementation, the sand mold 8 can be fixed in the cooling device 7, cooling water is introduced into the cooling device 7 to accelerate cooling of the sand mold 8, the servo motor 902 is started to enable the base 905 to be continuously horizontally turned over, so that horizontal turning of the sand mold 8 is realized, the ceramic particles 10 and molten steel are fully and uniformly mixed, uniform dispersity of the ceramic particles 10 in the molten steel is improved, and overall wear resistance of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved.
Before the cooling water is introduced into the cooling device 7, inert gas replacement can be performed on the cooling device 7 so as to enable the sand mold 8 to be in an inert gas atmosphere, a sealing gasket is arranged between the shell 701 and the cover body 704, the exhaust pipe 707 is communicated with a vacuum pump to exhaust air in the cooling device 7, the air inlet pipe 708 is communicated with an inert gas storage tank such as argon, and inert gas is introduced into the shell 701, so that the inert gas replacement of the air in the shell 701 is realized, the inert gas atmosphere is formed around the sand mold 8, the oxidation of molten steel in cooling can be effectively reduced, and the quality of the metal-based composite ceramic steel is improved.
And step five, after the molten steel in the cavity 805 is cooled and solidified, demolding, taking out the steel solidified in the cavity 805, and desanding and correcting to prepare the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A production device of metal matrix composite ceramic steel comprises a steel smelting furnace (1), an intermediate ladle (2) and a pouring ladle (3) for pouring molten steel, wherein the steel smelting furnace (1) is used for smelting steel billets into molten steel, and the intermediate ladle (2) is used for transferring the molten steel from the steel smelting furnace (1) to the molten steel pouring ladle (3), and is characterized by further comprising a sand mold (8), a heating furnace (4) for heating ceramic particles (10), and a pouring pipeline (6) for pouring the molten steel and the ceramic particles (10) into the sand mold (8);
the sand mold (8) comprises a mold shell (804), a cavity (805) penetrating through two ends of the mold shell (804) is arranged in the mold shell (804), sand mold plugs (801) used for plugging the cavity (805) are arranged at two ends of the mold shell (804), a liquid inlet pipe (802) and an exhaust pipe (806) communicated with the cavity (805) are arranged on the mold shell (804), and spiral plugs (803) used for plugging pipelines are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe (802) and the exhaust pipe (806) in a matching manner;
the heating furnace (4) is provided with a discharge pipe (5) communicated with the pouring pipeline (6), and the discharge pipe (5) is used for conveying the heated ceramic particles (10) to the pouring pipeline (6);
the pouring pipeline (6) is used for pouring molten steel poured by a pouring ladle (3) and ceramic particles (10) conveyed from a discharge pipe (5) into the cavity (805) through the liquid inlet pipe (802).
2. The production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a cooling device (7) for cooling the sand mold (8), wherein the cooling device (7) comprises a box-shaped shell (701) and a cover body (704) which is arranged on the shell (701) and can be opened and closed, a water inlet pipe (702) and a water outlet pipe (706) are arranged on the shell (701), and the sand mold (8) is fixedly arranged in the shell (701).
3. The apparatus for manufacturing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel as set forth in claim 2, wherein said housing (701) is further provided with a pumping pipe (707) for connecting to a vacuum pump and an inlet pipe (708) for connecting to an inert gas storage tank for pumping vacuum and introducing inert gas into the interior of the housing (701).
4. A device for producing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel as set forth in claim 2, further comprising a rotating device (9) for driving the cooling device (7) to horizontally turn, wherein the rotating device (9) comprises supports (901) disposed oppositely and a base (905) disposed between the supports (901) for fixedly placing the cooling device (7), a servo motor (902) is fixed on the supports (901), a rotating shaft (903) disposed perpendicular to the supports (901) is fixed on an output shaft of the servo motor (902), and the base (905) is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (903).
5. A device for producing metal matrix composite ceramic steel according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of sand molds (8) are provided and are uniformly distributed in the housing (701).
6. The apparatus for manufacturing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel as set forth in claim 5, wherein the cross-section of the cavity (805) is circular or square or in a multiple arch shape.
7. The production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pouring pipeline (6) comprises a bottom plate (604) and a vertical plate (601) which is arranged at two ends of the bottom plate (604) oppositely, heat insulating materials (603) are arranged in the bottom plate (604) and the vertical plate (601), and the bottom plate (604) and the vertical plate (601) jointly enclose a chute (602) for circulating molten steel and ceramic particles (10).
8. A production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the production device of the metal matrix composite ceramic steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps:
step one, adding a steel billet into a steel smelting furnace (1) to prepare 1450-;
step two, starting the heating furnace (4) to heat the ceramic particles (10) to 500-;
step three, pouring the molten steel and the ceramic particles (10) into a cavity (805) of a sand mold (8);
cooling the sand mould (8), and continuously horizontally overturning the sand mould (8) to uniformly mix the ceramic particles (10) in the cavity (805) with the molten steel;
and step five, after the molten steel in the cavity (805) is cooled and solidified, taking out the solidified steel in the cavity (805), and carrying out desanding and correction to prepare the metal-based composite ceramic steel.
9. The method for producing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the third step, the ceramic particles (10) are added in an amount of 5-55% by volume of the cavity (805).
10. The method for producing a metal matrix composite ceramic steel as set forth in claim 8, wherein in the fourth step, the sand mold (8) is placed in an inert gas atmosphere before the sand mold (8) is cooled.
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| CN202110181001.0A CN112877584B (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel |
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| CN202110181001.0A CN112877584B (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Production device and production method of metal-based composite ceramic steel |
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| CN117483719A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-02 | 苏州朗威电子机械股份有限公司 | Preparation device and process of composite steel plate with carbide ceramic interlayer |
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| CN112877584B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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