CN116205054A - Stratum-tattoo shale oil-gas horizontal well geosteering method and device - Google Patents
Stratum-tattoo shale oil-gas horizontal well geosteering method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for geosteering a stratum corneum type shale oil-gas horizontal well, which relate to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development, and comprise the following steps: performing stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of the target layer, and determining a comparison mark layer; based on the three-dimensional seismic data, explaining a target layer, determining a horizontal well region structure, and building a pre-drilling guide model through well vibration combination; determining a horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model; and guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal segment. The method analyzes and determines the horizontal section real-time guiding and tracking decision to guide the horizontal well and adjust the horizontal well in time through various methods, has simple overall process, less required parameters, high calculation speed and reliable evaluation result, can effectively improve the drilling meeting rate of desserts, thereby improving the yield of a single well, achieving the aim of economically and effectively developing the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and providing powerful technical support for oil and gas reservoir exploitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development, in particular to a geological guiding method and device for a stratum corneum type shale oil gas horizontal well.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
The well with the included angle between the well track and the gravity plumb direction, namely the well inclination angle larger than 86 degrees is called a horizontal well, and the horizontal well is a main development drilling mode for increasing the oil gas drainage volume and improving the yield of unconventional oil and gas fields.
In the conventional horizontal well geosteering method, the horizontal well is generally subjected to inclined well straightening before a landing point, converted into vertical depth, then compared with an adjacent well marking layer, and the vertical distance between the current well depth and the top boundary of a designed target oil layer is calculated. After landing, the horizontal segment is adjusted according to the current well bottom elevation depth and the elevation corrected by the adjacent well target layer structure difference, so as to adjust in real time. According to the method, the influence of strong heterogeneity of the land-phase sand-shale interaction reservoir, transverse continuity and longitudinal continuity and large change of the reservoir is not considered, so that the difficulty in tracking desserts of the land-phase sand-shale interaction reservoir is high, and the drilling rate of desserts of a horizontal well of an oil and gas reservoir is low.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a horizontal well drilling geosteering solution that overcomes the above-described drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a geological guiding method and device for a tattoo shale oil gas horizontal well. According to the characteristics of a tattoo shale oil and gas reservoir and regional geological research results, the invention realizes simple, rapid and reliable horizontal well drilling geosteering, effectively improves the drilling meeting rate of desserts and improves the single well yield.
In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a method for geosteering a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well is provided, comprising:
performing stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of the target layer, and determining a comparison mark layer;
based on the three-dimensional seismic data, explaining a target layer, determining a horizontal well region structure, and building a pre-drilling guide model through well vibration combination;
determining a horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model;
and guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal segment.
In a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering apparatus comprising:
the stratum comparison module is used for carrying out stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of the target layer and determining a comparison mark layer;
the target layer interpretation module is used for interpreting the target layer based on the three-dimensional seismic data, determining the structure of the horizontal well region and establishing a pre-drilling guide model through well vibration combination;
the decision determining module is used for determining a horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model;
and the guiding module is used for guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding tracking decision of the horizontal segment.
In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing a method of geosteering a shale oil and gas horizontal well when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer readable storage medium is presented, the computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor implements a method of geosteering a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well.
In a fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product is presented, the computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method of geosteering a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well.
The geological guiding method and the geological guiding device for the stratum-tattoo shale oil-gas horizontal well, which are provided by the invention, are used for guiding the horizontal well and timely adjusting the horizontal well by analyzing and determining the real-time guiding tracking decision of the horizontal section through various methods, the whole process is simple, the required parameters are few, the calculation speed is high, the evaluation result is reliable, the drilling meeting rate of desserts can be effectively improved, the yield of a single well is improved, the purpose of economically and effectively developing the unconventional oil-gas reservoir is achieved, and powerful technical support is provided for oil-gas reservoir exploitation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for geosteering a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of a real-time guided tracking decision for determining a horizon according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation formula of actual cut or undercut formation sagging for a borehole trajectory when the inclination angle of the formation is consistent for a comparative wellbore interval according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of calculating the actual cut or undercut formation thickness of a wellbore trajectory in two sections according to an embodiment of the present invention versus rapid changes in the dip angle of the formation at the wellbore section.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the north-south-east well position relationship of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a small scale fine contrast plot of north west-south east of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a well position relationship in the southwest-northeast direction according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a fine contrast plot of the southwestern-northeast small layers of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a well-shock joint configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a pre-drilling guide model for LY1H horizontal wells according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a gamma plot of partial wellbore interval azimuthal imaging in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a directional process diagram of LY1H horizontal well according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a horizontal section drilling sand-encountering graph of LY1H wells of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 14 is a graph of LY1H well guidance outcome of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of LY1H well drilling trajectory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of LY1H well production curves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a sheath-type shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are presented merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and practice the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the invention may be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the following forms, namely: complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a geological guiding method and device for a stratum type shale oil gas horizontal well are provided, and the geological guiding method and device relate to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development.
The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments thereof.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for geosteering a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s1, carrying out stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of a target layer, and determining a comparison mark layer;
s2, explaining a target layer based on three-dimensional seismic data, determining a horizontal well region structure, and building a pre-drilling guide model through well earthquake combination;
s3, determining a horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model;
and S4, guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding tracking decision of the horizontal segment.
In S3, referring to fig. 2, according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model, the specific flow of determining the horizontal segment real-time guiding tracking decision is:
s301, determining a cutting-in relation between a borehole track and a stratum by applying a pre-drilling guide model, azimuth gamma imaging and a while-drilling guide fitting method;
s302, after determining the cutting-in relation between the well track and the stratum, determining the stratum inclination angle of the well section to be compared by utilizing guide fitting while drilling, and calculating the alignment thickness of the stratum when the well section is drilled and met by the comparison by using a formula;
s303, compressing the comparison well section to the calculated alignment thickness, comparing the comparison well section with an adjacent vertical well or a guide well, and determining a small layer or a single sand body which is currently drilled;
s304, according to the current small layer or single sand body, the well track is monitored in real time, and the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal segment is adjusted.
Further, the step S3 is repeated, and the whole horizontal segment fine guiding is completed by combining the mark layer comparison and the guiding fitting while drilling. The specific flow is as follows:
for each well section of the horizontal well, respectively adjusting the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal section of each well section;
and combining the contrast mark layer and the horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision of each well section to complete the guiding of the whole horizontal section of the horizontal well.
In one embodiment, (S301) the specific procedure for determining the cut-in relationship of the wellbore trajectory to the formation using the pre-drilling steering model, azimuthal gamma imaging and while-drilling steering fitting method is:
according to different resolutions of three-dimensional earthquake, azimuth gamma imaging and while-drilling guiding fitting, judging the cutting-in relation between a borehole track and a stratum in a layering level, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
based on a pre-drilling guide model established by well-seismic combination, primarily determining the cutting-in relation between a borehole track and a stratum;
utilizing azimuth gamma imaging data to further define the cutting-in relation between the well track and the stratum;
if the cutting-in relation between the well track and the stratum cannot be further determined through azimuth gamma imaging, the cutting-in relation is determined by adopting a method of guiding fitting while drilling.
In one embodiment, (S302) after determining the cut-in relationship of the wellbore trajectory and the formation, determining the formation dip angle of the section to be contrasted using the while-drilling steering fitting, and calculating the alignment thickness of the formation encountered by the contrasted section using the formula, comprising:
in calculating the alignment thickness of the formation encountered by the horizontal leg drill, referring to fig. 3, if a formation with consistent formation inclination change exists in the comparative well leg, equation (1) is used:
H＝tan(a)×(b-a) (1)
wherein H is the straightening thickness;
a is the included angle between the well track of the comparison well section and the stratum line;
a is the depth measurement of a well track drilling contrast well section, m;
b is the drilling of the well track and the depth measurement of the comparison well section, m;
if there is a calculation region of rapid formation change in the comparison well section, referring to fig. 4, the calculation is performed in segments, using formula (2):
wherein H is the straightening thickness;
a is the included angle between the well track and the stratum line of the first section in the contrast well section;
beta is the included angle between the well track and the stratum line of the second section in the contrast well section;
a is the depth measurement of a well track drilling contrast well section, m;
b is the depth measurement corresponding to the position where the formation dip angle in the comparison well section changes rapidly, m;
c, drilling a comparison well section sounding for the well track, and m;
in one embodiment, (S303) compressing the comparison interval to the calculated alignment thickness, comparing with an adjacent vertical or pilot well, determining the small layer or single sand currently being drilled, comprising:
for the lower cutting stratum, after compressing the drilling curve of the comparison well section to the calculated alignment length, directly comparing the drilling curve with the guide well, the nearby vertical well or the well aligned deflecting section to determine the small layer or single sand body which is currently drilled;
for the upper cutting stratum, the contrast well section drilling and meeting curve is compressed to the calculated straightening length, then the upper and lower mirror images are carried out, and finally the contrast well section drilling and meeting curve is compared with the guide well, the nearby vertical well or the deflecting section after the well is straightened, so that the small layer or the single sand body which is currently drilled and meeting is determined.
In one embodiment, (S304) the method of real-time monitoring the well trajectory according to the current drilling of the small layer or single sand body, and adjusting the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal segment comprises:
when tracking the small layer or the single sand body, drilling in parallel with the stratum according to the predicted stratum inclination angle;
when the oil layer is tracked upwards, the well inclination angle is increased according to the predicted stratum inclination angle, and the upper cutting stratum is drilled;
and when the oil layer is tracked downwards, according to the predicted stratum inclination angle, reducing the well inclination angle, and drilling the lower cutting stratum.
The geological guiding method and device for the tattoo shale oil gas horizontal well provided by the invention are characterized in that the lower cutting and upper cutting relations between the well track and the stratum are determined through various methods, then the horizontal section curve straightening and straightening-reversing methods are adopted according to the cutting relations, and the straightening amount is accurately calculated through a theoretical formula to be directly compared with the pilot well, the deflecting section or the adjacent position, so that the accurate position of the drill bit passing through the stratum is timely mastered, and the drill bit is timely guided and adjusted, thereby reducing ineffective footage.
The invention provides a simple, convenient, quick and reliable geosteering method for sand-shale interactive reservoir horizontal well drilling, has simple overall process, less required parameters, high calculation speed and reliable evaluation result, can effectively improve the drilling meeting rate of desserts, thereby improving single well yield, achieving the aim of economically and effectively developing the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and providing powerful technical support for oil and gas reservoir exploitation.
For a more clear explanation of the above-described method of geosteering a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well, a detailed description will be provided below in connection with specific embodiments.
Taking the Erdos basin as an example, the basin triad is prolonged by group length 7 3 Shale oil is widely developed, and low gamma argillaceous siltstone sandwiched inside high gamma oil shale is a shale oil dessert.
(1) Collecting research results of predecessors in a research area, three-dimensional earthquake, drilling, recording, measuring and other data of adjacent wells and guide wells.
(2) And carrying out stratum division and determining mark layers, wherein the research area has two obvious mark layers.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a north-south east well connection, with dashed lines through Cai37 and Xi320 marked in FIG. 5 as well connection locations; fig. 6 is a fine contrast plot of north west-south east small layers, with two wells in comparison, cai37 and Xi320 in fig. 5.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a northeast-southwest well connection, with dashed lines through Zhen315 and Xi319 marked in FIG. 7 as well connection locations; fig. 8 is a fine contrast plot of the southwest-northeast small layers, with two wells compared Xi319 and Zhen315 of fig. 8.
In fig. 6 and 8, the marking layer (1) is of length 7 3 Top high gamma oil shale, marking layer (2) is 7 sum length 3 High gamma, low resistance tuff in the bottom.
(3) Referring again to fig. 6 and 8, on the basis of determining two sets of marker layers, small layer fine comparison is performed in combination with curve characteristics and deposition loops, and the two sets of marker layers are divided into 5 small layers in total according to the conditions of a research area. Wherein the # 1 small layer is a pure oil shale section with high gamma value.
(4) And (3) carrying out fine explanation on a target layer by using three-dimensional seismic data (shown in fig. 9), realizing the construction of a research area, and establishing a fine pre-drilling guiding model by combining well vibration (shown in fig. 10).
(5) The formation dip angle at the 2850-2910m well section is greatly changed according to the guide model analysis, meanwhile, the upper cutting stratum of 2896m enters sandstone through the azimuth imaging gamma analysis (shown in figure 11), the lower cutting stratum of 2898m enters a high gamma shale reservoir, the formation dip angle is quickly changed, and the formation dip angle is considered to be likely to drill in fracture zone mudstone.
(6) After continuing to drill across the fracture zone from the while-drilling guide model and the three-dimensional seismic data analysis, the stratum is declined, the stratum dip angle is 2.0 degrees at 2858-2948m, the stratum declination angle is 4.2 degrees at 2948-2998m, and the alignment thickness is calculated to be 6.8m according to the formula in the invention (shown in figure 12);
(7) The 2858-2998m well track is cut into stratum, the horizontal section drilling meeting curve is compressed to the calculated straightening length of 6.8m, then the horizontal section drilling meeting curve is subjected to up-down mirroring, and is compared with a deflecting section straightening diagram of LY1H well, as obvious from FIG. 13, the horizontal section GR while drilling is good in contrast with the deflecting section electric logging GR, the stratum meeting 2858-2949m is determined to be cut from the 3# small layer to the middle part of the 2# small layer, namely 84# sand body interpreted by LY1H well deflecting section logging is cut to be above 78# sand body;
(8) The other well sections (horizontal sections) are subjected to fine comparison according to the method, reasonable well track real-time adjustment decisions are made after small layers and desserts are explicitly drilled, and the well horizontal section accurate guiding is completed.
Referring to fig. 14-16, fig. 14 is a LY1H well guide effort, fig. 15 is a LY1H well drill trajectory, and fig. 16 is a LY1H well production curve.
The invention spreads extremely heterogeneous Erdos basin length 7 in desserts 3 The tattoo shale oil is applied, so that a good effect is achieved:
LY1H well horizontal section length 2000m, drilling meeting sand layer 1478.8m, drilling meeting rate 73.94%, drilling meeting oil layer 1200.3m, oil layer drilling meeting rate 60.02%;
fine geosteering defines the location of the well trajectory, i.e., a well depth of 3151-4150 m drilling encounters length 7 3 The upper pure oil shale section has high gas measurement value and good oil content; drilling length 7 for well depth 2100-3150 m 3 The compact sandstone section at the lower part develops in multiple thin layers. Aiming at obvious difference of horizontal section drilling, combination process transformation is formulated, high yield is obtained after pressing, the yield after production is stable, average daily oil production is 24.2t, and daily water production is 12.3m330.1% of water.
It should be noted that although the operations of the method of the present invention are described in a particular order in the above embodiments and the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in the particular order or that all of the illustrated operations be performed in order to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step to perform, and/or one step decomposed into multiple steps to perform.
Having described the method of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, next, a description is given of a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering apparatus of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention with reference to fig. 17.
The implementation of the geological guiding device of the tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well can be referred to the implementation of the method, and the repetition is omitted. The term "module" or "unit" as used below may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements the intended function. While the means described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a geological guiding device of a tattoo shale oil gas horizontal well, as shown in fig. 17, which comprises:
the stratum comparison module 1710 is configured to perform stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of the target layer, and determine a comparison mark layer;
the destination layer interpretation module 1720 is used for interpreting the destination layer based on the three-dimensional seismic data, determining the structure of the horizontal well region, and building a pre-drilling guide model through well earthquake combination;
the decision determining module 1730 is configured to determine a real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal segment according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model;
the guiding module 1740 is used for guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding tracking decision of the horizontal segment.
It should be noted that while several modules of a sheath-type shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering device are mentioned in the foregoing detailed description, such a division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more modules described above may be embodied in one module in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Conversely, the features and functions of one module described above may be further divided into a plurality of modules to be embodied.
Based on the foregoing inventive concept, as shown in fig. 18, the present invention further proposes a computer apparatus 1800 including a memory 1810, a processor 1820, and a computer program 1830 stored on the memory 1810 and executable on the processor 1820, wherein the processor 1820 implements the above-mentioned method for geosteering a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well when executing the computer program 1830.
Based on the foregoing inventive concept, the present invention proposes a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the foregoing method of geosteering a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well.
Based on the foregoing inventive concept, the present invention proposes a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method of geological steering of a tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well.
The geological guiding method and the geological guiding device for the stratum-tattoo shale oil-gas horizontal well, which are provided by the invention, are used for guiding the horizontal well and timely adjusting the horizontal well by analyzing and determining the real-time guiding tracking decision of the horizontal section through various methods, the whole process is simple, the required parameters are few, the calculation speed is high, the evaluation result is reliable, the drilling meeting rate of desserts can be effectively improved, the yield of a single well is improved, the purpose of economically and effectively developing the unconventional oil-gas reservoir is achieved, and powerful technical support is provided for oil-gas reservoir exploitation.
The method can realize simple, quick and reliable unconventional oil and gas horizontal well drilling geosteering, and effectively improve the drilling meeting rate of desserts, thereby improving the single well yield and achieving the aim of economically and effectively developing unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
The data acquisition, storage, use, processing and the like in the technical scheme meet the relevant regulations of national laws and regulations.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of geosteering a layered shale oil and gas horizontal well, comprising:
performing stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of the target layer, and determining a comparison mark layer;
based on the three-dimensional seismic data, explaining a target layer, determining a horizontal well region structure, and building a pre-drilling guide model through well vibration combination;
determining a horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model;
and guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal segment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining horizontal segment real-time guided tracking decisions based on horizontal well zone configuration and pre-drilling guide model comprises:
determining the cutting-in relation between the borehole track and the stratum by applying a pre-drilling guide model, azimuth gamma imaging and a while-drilling guide fitting method;
after determining the cutting-in relation between the well track and the stratum, determining the stratum inclination angle of the well section to be compared by utilizing guide fitting while drilling, and calculating the alignment thickness of the stratum when the well section is drilled and encountered by the comparison by using a formula;
compressing the comparison well section to the calculated alignment thickness, comparing with the adjacent vertical well or the guide well, and determining the small layer or single sand body which is currently drilled;
and (3) according to the current drilling small layer or single sand body, monitoring the well track in real time, and adjusting the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal section.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
for each well section of the horizontal well, respectively adjusting the real-time guiding and tracking decision of the horizontal section of each well section;
and combining the contrast mark layer and the horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision of each well section to complete the guiding of the whole horizontal section of the horizontal well.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the cut-in relationship of the wellbore trajectory to the formation using the pre-drilling steering model, azimuthal gamma imaging, and while-drilling steering fitting method comprises:
according to different resolutions of three-dimensional earthquake, azimuth gamma imaging and while-drilling guiding fitting, judging the cutting-in relation between a borehole track and a stratum in a layering level, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
based on a pre-drilling guide model established by well-seismic combination, primarily determining the cutting-in relation between a borehole track and a stratum;
utilizing azimuth gamma imaging data to further define the cutting-in relation between the well track and the stratum;
if the cutting-in relation between the well track and the stratum cannot be further determined through azimuth gamma imaging, the cutting-in relation is determined by adopting a method of guiding fitting while drilling.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein after determining the cut-in relationship of the wellbore trajectory to the formation, determining the formation dip angle of the interval to be contrasted using the while-drilling steering fit, and calculating the alignment thickness of the stratum in the interval to be contrasted using the formula, comprises:
when calculating the alignment thickness of the stratum encountered by the horizontal section drill, if the stratum with consistent stratum inclination angle change exists in the contrast well section, adopting the formula (1):
H＝tan(a)×(b-a) (1)
wherein H is the straightening thickness, m;
a is the included angle between the well track of the comparison well section and the stratum line;
a is the depth measurement of a well track drilling contrast well section, m;
b is the drilling of the well track and the depth measurement of the comparison well section, m;
if the comparison well section has a calculation area with stratum rapidly changing, calculating in a segmented mode, and adopting a formula (2):
wherein H is the straightening thickness, m;
a is the included angle between the well track and the stratum line of the first section in the contrast well section;
beta is the included angle between the well track and the stratum line of the second section in the contrast well section;
a is the depth measurement of a well track drilling contrast well section, m;
b is the depth measurement corresponding to the position where the formation dip angle in the comparison well section changes rapidly, m;
c is the drilling of the borehole trajectory and the contrast interval sounding, m.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein compressing the comparison interval to the calculated alignment thickness, comparing with an adjacent vertical or pilot well, determining a current drilling strike or single sand, comprises:
for the lower cutting stratum, after compressing the drilling curve of the comparison well section to the calculated alignment length, directly comparing the drilling curve with the guide well, the nearby vertical well or the well aligned deflecting section to determine the small layer or single sand body which is currently drilled;
for the upper cutting stratum, the contrast well section drilling and meeting curve is compressed to the calculated straightening length, then the upper and lower mirror images are carried out, and finally the contrast well section drilling and meeting curve is compared with the guide well, the nearby vertical well or the deflecting section after the well is straightened, so that the small layer or the single sand body which is currently drilled and meeting is determined.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the real-time guided tracking decision for the horizontal segment is adjusted by real-time monitoring of the well trajectory based on the current drilling of the small layer or single sand, comprising:
when tracking the small layer or the single sand body, drilling in parallel with the stratum according to the predicted stratum inclination angle;
when the oil layer is tracked upwards, the well inclination angle is increased according to the predicted stratum inclination angle, and the upper cutting stratum is drilled;
and when the oil layer is tracked downwards, according to the predicted stratum inclination angle, reducing the well inclination angle, and drilling the lower cutting stratum.
8. A tattoo shale oil and gas horizontal well geosteering apparatus comprising:
the stratum comparison module is used for carrying out stratum comparison according to lithology and electrical characteristics of the target layer and determining a comparison mark layer;
the target layer interpretation module is used for interpreting the target layer based on the three-dimensional seismic data, determining the structure of the horizontal well region and establishing a pre-drilling guide model through well vibration combination;
the decision determining module is used for determining a horizontal section real-time guiding tracking decision according to the horizontal well region structure and the pre-drilling guiding model;
and the guiding module is used for guiding the horizontal segment by combining the contrast mark layer and the real-time guiding tracking decision of the horizontal segment.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7.
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