CN116202624A - Snapshot imaging spectrometer - Google Patents
Snapshot imaging spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN116202624A CN116202624A CN202310148552.6A CN202310148552A CN116202624A CN 116202624 A CN116202624 A CN 116202624A CN 202310148552 A CN202310148552 A CN 202310148552A CN 116202624 A CN116202624 A CN 116202624A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/082—Catadioptric systems using three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0832—Catadioptric systems using three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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Abstract
The invention relates to a snapshot imaging spectrometer, which comprises a field integration element, an off-axis three-mirror, a dispersion and reflection assembly, a folding mirror and a focal plane detector, wherein the field integration element, the dispersion and reflection assembly, the folding mirror and the focal plane detector are positioned on the same side of the off-axis three-mirror, the off-axis three-mirror is symmetrical about a symmetry plane, and the field integration element and the focal plane detector are positioned on two sides of the symmetry plane; the light is incident from the field integration element, reflected to the dispersion and reflection assembly through the off-axis three-mirror, reflected back to the off-axis three-mirror through the dispersion and reflection assembly, reflected again through the off-axis three-mirror, and imaged to the focal plane detector through the folding mirror. The invention has compact volume, excellent light imaging performance and low spectrum distortion, and effectively improves the fidelity of the map data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of imaging spectrums, in particular to a snapshot imaging spectrometer.
Background
The imaging spectrometer can obtain target space information and spectrum information, has the advantage of integrating patterns, and is widely applied to the fields of environment monitoring, food sanitation, authenticity identification, light source detection, mineral exploration, agriculture and forestry and the like. Traditional imaging spectrometers often acquire three-dimensional atlas information by means of time-sharing scanning.
The dispersive imaging spectrometer based on the slit can obtain one-dimensional space information and spectrum information along the slit direction at the same time, and the space image perpendicular to the slit needs to be obtained through push-broom or swing-broom along the direction, so that the dispersive imaging spectrometer is widely applied to satellite-borne and airborne platforms. Imaging spectrometers based on filter wheels can obtain two-dimensional spatial images at a certain wavelength at the same time, and information acquisition at different wavelengths is required to be obtained by changing filters, i.e. scanning wavelengths, and such imaging spectrometers are commonly used in fixed scenes on the ground. In recent years, with the gradual maturity of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, hyperspectral imaging technology is popularized in industry application, and light and small platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles are easy to vibrate in the working process, so that the carried scanning imaging spectrometer is difficult to obtain stable and high-quality map data. The snapshot imaging spectrometer can obtain two-dimensional space information and one-dimensional spectrum information at the same time through one-time exposure, a three-dimensional data cube is obtained, the three-dimensional data cube is not affected by vibration, the environment adaptability is high, and the method is very suitable for hyperspectral remote sensing of unmanned aerial vehicles and hyperspectral imaging of moving targets.
In the prior art, the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group of the snapshot imaging spectrometer are two independent components and are distributed on two sides of the dispersion element, and the coaxial structure is simple and easy to realize. However, under the index requirements of large field integration elements, high spatial resolution, and high spectral resolution, the collimating lens group and the focusing lens group also require long focal lengths, which would result in an excessively long system size and a huge volume, resulting in limited use in unmanned aerial vehicle platforms. In addition, the coaxial optical system using the prism or the prism as the dispersive element is difficult to eliminate spectral distortion, and the collected spectral data has residual spectral line bending and color distortion, so that the data fidelity is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing a snapshot imaging spectrometer which has compact system volume, excellent light imaging performance, low spectrum distortion and effectively improved map data fidelity.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the snapshot imaging spectrometer comprises a field integration element, an off-axis three-mirror, a dispersion and reflection assembly, an off-axis three-mirror folding mirror and a focal plane detector, wherein the field integration element, the dispersion and reflection assembly, the folding mirror and the focal plane detector are positioned on the same side of the off-axis three-mirror, the plane of the field integration element is intersected with the plane of the focal plane detector, the off-axis three-mirror is symmetrical with respect to a symmetry plane, and the field integration element and the focal plane detector are positioned on two sides of the symmetry plane;
the light is incident from the field integration element, reflected to the dispersion and reflection assembly through the off-axis three-mirror, reflected back to the off-axis three-mirror through the dispersion and reflection assembly, reflected again through the off-axis three-mirror, and imaged to the focal plane detector through the folding mirror.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the off-axis three mirrors include a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, and three mirrors, the primary mirror and the three mirrors are located on the same side of the secondary mirror, and the off-axis three mirrors are all aspheric in surface shape.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersion and reflection assembly is a reflective diffraction grating.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersive and reflective assembly comprises a dispersive element and a planar mirror, the planar mirror being located at the off-axis three-mirror pupil plane.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersive element is one of a single prism, a cemented prism, a set of split prisms, and a diffraction grating.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the field integration element is one of a slit array, a pinhole array, a microlens array, and a fiber array.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises a focal plane detector, wherein the focal plane detector is connected with the focal plane, and the diagonal dimension of the focal plane detector is 5 mm-62 mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the off-axis three-mirror structure has a focal length of 25mm to 460mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersion and reflection assembly comprises a cemented prism and a planar mirror, the planar mirror being located at the off-axis three-mirror pupil plane, the cemented prism comprising a first prism and a second prism, the second prism being located between the first prism and the planar mirror.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first prism is an ultraviolet fused silica material and the second prism is made of an H-F4 optical material.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts a double-pass multiplexing off-axis three-reflector system to obtain compact system volume, and the size of the system is reduced by at least 2 times compared with the size of a conventional transmission light path under the same index.
2. The invention can obtain the characteristics of large object plane and image plane by using an off-axis three-reflector system, the system can distribute the field integral elements and focal plane on two sides of the symmetrical plane of the three-reflector system, and the large-size object plane and the large-size image plane which do not interfere with each other are respectively obtained after the folding mirror is used for folding the imaging light path.
3. The off-axis three-reflector system and the chromatic dispersion prism are mutually compensated for distortion, so that the overall system distortion elimination is realized, the spectral imaging performance is excellent, the spectral distortion is low, and the map data fidelity is effectively improved.
4. Compared with a scanning imaging spectrometer, the snapshot imaging spectrometer has higher data acquisition efficiency and stronger anti-interference capability, can acquire moving target spectrum data, and can acquire video hyperspectral images.
Drawings
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the optical path of the optical system of the imaging spectrometer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an imaging spectrometer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the optical system of the imaging spectrometer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art slot array;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a prior art array of small holes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a prior art microlens array;
fig. 7 is a point diagram of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the specification reference numerals: 1-a field integration element; 2-ray; 3-a primary mirror; 4-secondary mirror; 5-three mirrors; 6-gluing the prism group; 6.1-a first prism; 6.2-a second prism; 7-plane mirrors; 8-folding mirrors; 9-focal plane detector; 10-plane of symmetry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to make the system compact, the light imaging performance is excellent, the spectrum distortion is low, and the spectrum data fidelity is effectively improved, the invention comprises a field integration element 1 for discrete sampling, an off-axis three-mirror, a dispersion and reflection assembly, an off-axis three-mirror, a folding mirror 8 and a focal plane detector 9, wherein the field integration element 1, the dispersion and reflection assembly, the folding mirror 8 and the focal plane detector 9 are positioned on the same side of the off-axis three-mirror, the off-axis three-mirror is symmetrical about a symmetrical plane 10, and the field integration element 1 and the focal plane detector 9 are positioned on two sides of the symmetrical plane 10; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
The light 3 is incident from the field integration element 1, is reflected to the dispersion and reflection assembly through the off-axis three-mirror, is reflected back to the off-axis three-mirror through the dispersion and reflection assembly, and is reflected again through the off-axis three-mirror, and the light 2 is imaged to the focal plane detector 9 through the folding mirror 8.
Specifically, the dispersion and reflection assembly can adopt a plane mirror 7 and a dispersion element to realize the required dispersion and reflection functions, the dispersion element can be a single prism, a glued prism or a separation prism group, the dispersion element can also be a diffraction grating, and when the dispersion element is a reflection diffraction grating, the dispersion and reflection assembly can replace the plane mirror 7 and take the functions of dispersion and reflection light paths into consideration.
As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the dispersing and reflecting assembly employs the cemented prism group 6 and the plane mirror 7, and the present invention is explained by taking the cemented prism group 6 and the plane mirror 7 as an example. The plane mirror 7 is located in the off-axis three-mirror pupil plane and the cemented prism group 6 comprises a first prism 6.1 and a second prism 6.2, the second prism 6.2 being located between the first prism 6.1 and the plane mirror 7. The off-axis three-mirror comprises a main mirror 3, a secondary mirror 4 and a three mirror 5, wherein the main mirror 3 and the three mirror 5 are positioned on the same side of the secondary mirror 4, the main mirror 3, the secondary mirror 4 and the three mirror 5 form an off-axis three-mirror structure, and the working principle and specific conditions of the off-axis three-mirror structure are consistent with those of the prior art, and are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not repeated here.
The working principle of the snapshot imaging spectrometer of the invention is as follows: the field integration element 1 is positioned at one side of an off-axis three-mirror symmetry plane 10, the light rays 2 entering from the field integration element 1 are collimated and emitted after passing through the off-axis three-mirror structure, are dispersed by the gluing prism group 6 in an emergent light path and then enter the plane mirror 7, and the plane mirror 7 is positioned at a pupil plane of the off-axis three-mirror structure, namely, the principal rays 2 of different fields of view intersect at one point at the pupil plane. The plane mirror 7 reflects the light 2 back through the dispersive prism, the off-axis three-mirror structure and the fold mirror, and finally images to the focal plane detector 9, the focal plane detector 9 being located on the other side of the plane of symmetry 10. The folding mirror 8 is added in front of the focal plane detector 9 to fold the focal plane detector 9 outwards, so that the focal plane detector 9 and the field integration element 1 are separated by a long distance, the installation of the focal plane detector 9 is facilitated, and a large-size object plane and an image plane which do not interfere with each other can be obtained, wherein the object plane is formed on the field integration element 1. The invention adopts a double-pass multiplexing off-axis three-reflector system to obtain compact system volume, and the size of the system is reduced by at least 2 times compared with the size of a conventional transmission light path under the same index.
The field integration element 1 can be selected from a slit array, a small hole array, a micro lens array, an optical fiber array and other field integration elements according to actual needs, the field integration element 1 is used for carrying out division sampling on an image in the plane, and a spectrum image formed by the focal plane detector 9 is a spectrum image of each division sampling point or region in the field integration element 1 and comprises two-dimensional space information and one-dimensional spectrum information. At this time, the three-dimensional map information of the target is collected and unfolded on the two-dimensional focal plane detector 9, and the three-dimensional data cube can be obtained through spectrum reconstruction.
Because the distortion generated by the prism is asymmetric distortion, the coaxial system is a rotational symmetric system, and the complementary asymmetric distortion cannot be generated for compensation, and the distortion generated by the off-axis three-mirror structure and the distortion generated by the dispersion prism are mutually compensated through optical design, the integral distortion eliminating effect of the system is achieved, so that the spectrum imager has excellent spectral imaging performance and low spectral distortion, and the fidelity of map data is effectively improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the optical parameters of the snapshot imaging spectrometer are as follows:
the invention adopts a focal plane detector 9 with the pixel size of 7 mu m, and the object image magnification of the snapshot imaging spectrometer manufactured according to the optical parameters is 1:1, the off-axis three-reflection structure has a focal length range of 25-460 mm, can be used for ultraviolet, visible near infrared, short wave infrared, medium wave infrared and long wave infrared bands, has a spectral resolution range of 0.05-300 nm, and has excellent system spectral imaging performance; the external envelope of the imaging spectrometer has the size of 114mm multiplied by 106mm multiplied by 120mm, the weight is less than 1kg, and the imaging spectrometer is very light and small. The point diagram of the invention is shown in fig. 6, the RMS radius (root mean square radius) of the point diagram is smaller than Yu Aili spot radius, the system spectrum distortion is smaller, and the distortion is smaller than 2.3 mu m. Of course, other system optical parameters may be selected, and may be specifically selected according to actual needs, which will not be described herein.
The invention provides a snapshot imaging spectrometer adopting a double-pass multiplexing off-axis three-reflector structure, which utilizes the double-pass structure to compress the volume of a system; the characteristic of a large object plane can be realized by using an off-axis three-mirror, and the field integration element 1 and the focal plane detector 9 are separated and arranged to obtain the large object plane and the large image plane; the distortion of the dispersion prism is compensated by using the distortion existing in the off-axis three-reflection, so that the system integrally realizes extinction spectrum distortion. The system solves the balance problem of volume and performance, obtains an imaging spectrometer system with large object plane, high spatial resolution, high spectral resolution, excellent imaging performance, low spectral distortion and compact volume, and is suitable for light and small platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations and modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A snapshot imaging spectrometer, characterized by: the system comprises a field integration element, an off-axis three-mirror, a dispersion and reflection assembly, an off-axis three-mirror folding mirror and a focal plane detector, wherein the field integration element, the dispersion and reflection assembly, the folding mirror and the focal plane detector are used for discrete sampling, the off-axis three-mirror is symmetrical about a symmetry plane, and the field integration element and the focal plane detector are positioned on two sides of the symmetry plane;
the light is incident from the field integration element, reflected to the dispersion and reflection assembly through the off-axis three-mirror, reflected back to the off-axis three-mirror through the dispersion and reflection assembly, reflected again through the off-axis three-mirror, and imaged to the focal plane detector through the folding mirror.
2. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the off-axis three-mirror comprises a main mirror, a secondary mirror and three mirrors, wherein the main mirror and the three mirrors are positioned on the same side of the secondary mirror, and the off-axis three-mirror is aspheric.
3. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the dispersion and reflection assembly is a reflection diffraction grating.
4. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the dispersion and reflection assembly includes a dispersion element and a planar mirror located at the off-axis three-mirror pupil plane.
5. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 4, wherein: the dispersion element is one of a single prism, a glued prism, a split prism group and a diffraction grating.
6. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the field integration element is one of a slit array, a small hole array, a micro lens array and an optical fiber array.
7. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a focal plane detector, wherein the focal plane detector is connected with the focal plane, and the diagonal dimension of the focal plane detector is 5-62 mm.
8. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the off-axis three-reflecting structure has a focal length of 25-460 mm.
9. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 1, wherein: the dispersion and reflection assembly comprises a glued prism and a plane reflecting mirror, wherein the plane reflecting mirror is positioned on the pupil plane of the off-axis three-mirror, the glued prism comprises a first prism and a second prism, and the second prism is positioned between the first prism and the plane reflecting mirror.
10. The snapshot imaging spectrometer of claim 9, wherein: the first prism is made of an ultraviolet fused quartz material, and the second prism is made of an H-F4 optical material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310148552.6A CN116202624A (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Snapshot imaging spectrometer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310148552.6A CN116202624A (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Snapshot imaging spectrometer |
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| CN116202624A true CN116202624A (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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| CN202310148552.6A Pending CN116202624A (en) | 2023-02-22 | 2023-02-22 | Snapshot imaging spectrometer |
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