CN116189386A - High-filling embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system and early warning method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system and an early warning method, wherein the system comprises a plurality of service safety monitoring units, monitoring data acquisition and transmission units and a service safety monitoring data platform, the plurality of service safety monitoring units are respectively arranged at different positions of the high-fill embankment slope at intervals, and each service safety monitoring unit is respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform through the monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit; the service safety monitoring unit comprises a ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit, a ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit, a ground surface crack monitoring unit, an underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit, a embankment top settlement monitoring unit and a high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit which are respectively arranged at different typical positions of the high-fill embankment slope at intervals. The invention can sense the service safety condition of the side slope, the shearing damage position and the evolution trend of the soil body, and timely and accurately control the abnormal condition of the side slope of the high-fill embankment.

Description

High-filling embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system and early warning method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-fill embankment monitoring, and particularly relates to a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system and method.

Background

According to the requirements of building long-life road infrastructure, the construction technology and construction quality of the high-fill embankment slope are gradually improved, but the topography and geological conditions of the mountain area where the high-fill embankment slope is located are complex and changeable, the filler composition is complex, the filler particle size is large and is difficult to compact, the high-fill embankment slope is easy to cause unstable damage under the working conditions such as heavy rain, and large post-construction settlement and uneven settlement are easy to occur during service, so that the life safety and travelling comfort of drivers and passengers are directly affected, and great potential safety hazards exist. The high-fill embankment slope is used as an important component of regional traffic infrastructure, and the safety of the high-fill embankment slope not only directly influences the stable and safe operation of the traffic infrastructure, but also is an important disaster risk point. The prior art does not carry out comprehensive real-time monitoring and early warning on the use and service safety of the high-fill embankment slope structure, so that development and research on the intelligent monitoring and early warning system for the service safety of the high-fill embankment slope are necessary from the service life and service safety of the slope structure, a safety monitoring and early warning system or measures are needed to solve the problems of the safety service state and stable operation of the monitoring slope, timely monitor the instability and damage of the high-fill embankment slope and the uneven settlement change condition, timely find out diseases such as instability and damage of the high-fill embankment slope and uneven settlement and timely early warn, fail to timely control the deformation dynamics and safety of the high-fill embankment slope, and early warn the risk of instability and uneven settlement.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system, which can sense the slope service safety condition, soil shearing damage position and evolution trend, timely and accurately control the high-fill embankment slope abnormal condition, early warn the high-fill embankment slope service safety threat condition, abnormal conditions such as unstable damage and uneven settlement risk and the like, and effectively improve the service quality and service life of the fill embankment slope. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

according to one aspect of the invention, a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system is provided, the intelligent monitoring and early warning system comprises a plurality of service safety monitoring units, monitoring data acquisition and transmission units and a service safety monitoring data platform, the plurality of service safety monitoring units are respectively arranged at different positions of the high-fill embankment slope at intervals, and each service safety monitoring unit is respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform through the monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit; the service safety monitoring unit comprises a ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit, a ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit, a ground surface crack monitoring unit, an underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit, a embankment top settlement monitoring unit and a high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit which are respectively arranged at different typical positions of a high-fill embankment slope at intervals; the earth surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit, the earth surface vertical deformation monitoring unit, the earth surface crack monitoring unit, the underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit, the embankment top settlement monitoring unit and the high-filling embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit are respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform through the monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit.

According to the scheme, preferably, the ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit is provided with monitoring points at the slope deformation sensitive position by adopting the Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit or the total station, and the monitoring points are used for monitoring the horizontal displacement change condition in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope; the ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit is used for distributing monitoring points at the slope deformation sensitive position by adopting the Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit and the first static level gauge and is used for detecting the vertical displacement change condition in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope; the ground surface crack monitoring unit monitors crack development conditions in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment slope by adopting a crack meter; the underground soil layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit monitors the horizontal displacement change condition of each depth of the high-fill embankment slope by adopting an inclinometer; the road embankment top settlement monitoring unit monitors the vertical displacement change condition of each layer of the road embankment side slope in the construction and operation process of the high-fill road embankment side slope by adopting a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit and a second static level gauge; the high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit monitors the hydrogeological condition change condition in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment slope by adopting a rain gauge and a soil hygrometer.

The scheme is further preferable that the total station is arranged at the position of the elevation foot of the high-fill embankment slope and on platforms with different heights of the slope, and the first static level is arranged at intervals along the direction of the edge parallel to the road surface routing direction; a datum point, a working base point and a deformation monitoring point are respectively arranged along a high-filling embankment slope in an area monitored by the total station, a threaded reinforcing steel bar with a small prism or a reflective patch is arranged at the deformation monitoring point, a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit is arranged at the datum point, and the total station is arranged at the working base point;

the method comprises the steps that corresponding reference points and monitoring points are respectively arranged in the monitored areas of a first static level and a second static level along a high-filling embankment slope, the reference points are sequentially connected with corresponding monitoring points in series through plastic hoses, beidou monitoring displacement monitoring units are arranged at the reference points, the first static level and the second static level are respectively installed at the corresponding monitoring points through concrete columns, and the first static level and the second static level are respectively arranged in the corresponding plastic hoses.

The scheme is further preferable that the distance between adjacent deformation monitoring points and the distance between adjacent monitoring points are set to be 10-30 m, and the height of the upper end of the concrete column exposed out of the side slope of the high-filling embankment is 10-20 cm; the upper end of the concrete column extends into the side slope of the high-fill embankment to a depth of 50 cm-100 cm.

Above-mentioned scheme is further preferred, big dipper monitoring displacement monitoring unit includes big dipper monitoring station and big dipper reference station, along the biggest slope altitude cross section and lay 3 ~ 4 on every level slope platform big dipper reference station forms GNSS surface measurement point, lays 1 big dipper monitoring station at least along the slope of high road bank slope toe position department, forms the GNSS measurement point and regard as position coordinate reference point.

The scheme is further preferable, the inclinometer is arranged in the high-fill embankment slope through sedimentation of the sedimentation component, a plurality of inclinometry monitoring holes for placing the sedimentation component are formed in each platform of the high-fill embankment slope, and the depth of each monitoring hole is smaller than 20m.

The settlement assembly comprises a plurality of sections of inclinometer pipes which are settled in the monitoring hole and are mutually connected in series, wherein adjacent inclinometer pipes are connected in series through sleeved pipes, the inclinometer is arranged at the inner part of the lower end of each section of inclinometer pipe in a sealing mode, a plurality of pairs of symmetrical sliding guide grooves along the axial direction are arranged on the inner side wall of each sleeved pipe, slide way openings which extend along the axial direction and penetrate through part of the sliding guide grooves are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of each sleeved pipe, and sliding screws used for connecting the inclinometer pipes are arranged between the symmetrical slide way openings in a penetrating mode.

According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning method, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, laying service safety monitoring units on a high-fill embankment slope according to construction design requirements, acquiring service monitoring data of different typical positions of the high-fill embankment slope through the service safety monitoring units, and sending the service monitoring data to a service safety monitoring data platform;

and 2, carrying out early warning analysis on the service safety monitoring data by the service safety monitoring data platform, carrying out decision judgment according to the analysis result, carrying out early warning if the service safety monitoring data is needed, and carrying out automatic early warning and issuing an early warning report.

The above scheme is further preferable, and the early warning analysis process includes the following steps:

step 21: feature extraction is carried out on the service monitoring data, feature values of the service monitoring data are obtained, and special labeling is carried out according to the feature value change abnormal intervals;

step 22: according to the specifications and design requirements of the high-fill embankment slope, comprehensively considering the service specific conditions of the high-fill embankment slope to set an early warning critical value;

step 23: comparing and judging the characteristic value with the early warning critical value, dividing the safety early warning risk level of the high-fill embankment slope according to the comparison result, and sorting and summarizing the dangerous state and the dangerous degree of the high-fill embankment slope; and obtaining different early warning levels and generating an early warning report.

In summary, the invention adopts the technical scheme, and has the following technical effects:

(1) The invention sets the multi-element sensors such as the earth surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit, the earth surface vertical deformation monitoring unit, the earth surface crack monitoring unit, the underground soil layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit, the embankment top settlement monitoring unit, the high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit and the like at the typical position of the high-fill embankment slope selection, transmits monitoring data to the service safety monitoring data platform through the data acquisition control box and the communication transmission module, stores, analyzes, displays and manages the monitoring data, realizes full-automatic online monitoring on the dynamic change conditions of diseases such as instability damage, uneven settlement and the like of the high-fill embankment slope, and senses the failure structural state of the high-fill embankment slope in real time. Compared with the traditional monitoring technology, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, the timeliness of data transmission is guaranteed, and the authenticity and reliability of the data are greatly improved.

(2) According to the invention, dynamic changes such as earth surface horizontal displacement and vertical deformation, underground soil layering horizontal displacement and settlement and the like which affect the safety and stability of the high-fill embankment slope are monitored in a key way through an intelligent monitoring means, so that data changes such as the earth surface horizontal displacement of the high-fill embankment slope, the underground soil layering horizontal displacement and the like are mastered, the service safety condition of the slope, the soil shearing damage position and the evolution trend are sensed dynamically and intelligently, the abnormal condition of the high-fill embankment slope is controlled timely and accurately, timely early warning is carried out on the condition threatening the service safety of the high-fill embankment slope, necessary decision basis is provided for long-term operation, maintenance, repair and reinforcement of the slope, and basis is provided for safety state assessment of the slope after an emergency occurs.

(3) The invention can improve the service quality and the service life of the high-fill embankment side slope, master the service state of the high-fill embankment side slope in real time, forecast and evaluate the service safety performance of the high-fill embankment side slope, provide data support for scientific management, maintenance decision and maintenance reinforcement of the high-fill embankment side slope, and provide powerful support for service safety evaluation of the side slope after an emergency occurs. The invention has large market demand, wide popularization and application prospect and obvious potential social and economic benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system schematic diagram of a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic installation view of the service safety monitoring unit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the inclinometer pipe of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the ferrule of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ferrule of the present invention;

in the drawing, a service safety monitoring unit 1, a monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2, a service safety monitoring data platform 3, a monitoring big data center 4, a ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit 5, a ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit 6, a ground surface crack monitoring unit 7, an underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit 8, a road bank top settlement monitoring unit 9, a high-fill road bank hydrogeological condition monitoring unit 10, a Beidou monitoring station 11, a Beidou reference station 12, a total station 13, a first static level 14, a crack meter 15, an inclinometer 16, a second static level 17, an inclinometer monitoring hole 18, an inclinometer 19, a rain gauge 20, a soil hygrometer 21, a data acquisition control box 22, a communication transmission module 23, a data interface server 30, a data application server 31, a data analysis server 32, an early warning display terminal 100, a sliding guide groove 191, a slide way opening 192, a sliding screw 193,

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and by illustrating preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that many of the details set forth in the description are merely provided to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the invention, and that these aspects of the invention may be practiced without these specific details.

With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the intelligent monitoring and early warning system according to the invention comprises a plurality of service safety monitoring units 1, a monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2 and a service safety monitoring data platform 3, wherein the plurality of service safety monitoring units 1 are respectively arranged at different positions of the high-fill embankment slope at intervals, and the service safety monitoring units 1 are used for realizing full-automatic on-line monitoring on the dynamic change conditions of diseases such as instability damage, uneven settlement and the like of the high-fill embankment slope, and sensing the failure structural state of the high-fill embankment slope in real time; each service safety monitoring unit 1 is respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform 3 through a monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2; the intelligent monitoring and early warning system also comprises a monitoring big data center 4 and an early warning display terminal 100, wherein the monitoring big data center 4 and the early warning display terminal 100 are respectively connected with the service safety monitoring data platform 3; the monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2 comprises a data acquisition control box 22 and a communication transmission module 23, the output end of each service safety monitoring unit 1 is respectively connected with the data input end of the data acquisition control box 22, the data output end of a CPU controller in the data acquisition control box 22 is in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform 3 through the communication transmission module 23, wherein the communication transmission module 23 is an Ethernet/3G/4G/5G communication module; the data acquisition control box 22 and the communication transmission module 23 are jointly distributed with the service safety monitoring unit 1 at the typical position of the high-fill embankment slope; the monitoring data are transmitted to the service safety monitoring data platform 3 through the data acquisition control box 22 and the communication transmission module 23, and the service safety monitoring data platform 3 automatically and intelligently stores, manages, early-warning analyzes, sorts and displays analysis results; the service safety monitoring data platform 3 transmits the acquired and processed data to the monitoring big data center 4 and the early warning display terminal 100, the early warning display terminal 100 is a mobile phone mobile user terminal and/or a PC client terminal, the monitoring data and the early warning condition are issued and monitored through the mobile phone mobile user terminal and/or the PC client terminal, the service safety monitoring data platform 3 carries out automatic and intelligent early warning analysis processing on the safety service monitoring data and then sends the safety service monitoring data to the monitoring big data center 4, and the monitoring big data center 4 carries out decision judgment on whether early warning is needed or not on the processed service safety monitoring data and carries out automatic early warning issue; in the invention, the service safety monitoring data platform 3 comprises a data interface server 30, a data application server 31 and a data analysis server 32, wherein the data interface server 30 provides network data interfaces for an early warning display terminal 100, a monitoring large data center 4, a monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2 and the like, and the data application server 31 is used for storing, data screening, managing, slope monitoring management and emergency plan processing of safety service monitoring data at a typical position selected by a high-fill embankment slope; the data analysis server 32 is used for performing automatic and intelligent early warning analysis on the safety service monitoring data of the high-fill embankment slope at the selected typical position to obtain the safety service early warning data of the high-fill embankment slope.

In the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the service safety monitoring unit 1 comprises a ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit 5, a ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit 6, a ground surface crack monitoring unit 7, an underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit 8, a road embankment top settlement monitoring unit 9 and a high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit 10 which are respectively arranged at different typical positions of a high-fill embankment slope at intervals; the earth surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit 5, the earth surface vertical deformation monitoring unit 6, the earth surface crack monitoring unit 7, the underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit 8, the road embankment top settlement monitoring unit 9 and the high-filling embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit 10 are respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform 3 through the monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2; the ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit 5 adopts a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit or a total station 13 to arrange monitoring points at a slope deformation sensitive position, and is used for detecting the horizontal displacement change condition in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope; the ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit 6 adopts a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit and a first static level 14 to arrange monitoring points at a slope deformation sensitive position for monitoring the vertical displacement change condition in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope; the ground surface crack monitoring unit 7 adopts a crack meter 15 to monitor the crack development condition in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment slope, wherein the crack meter 15 is a stay cord displacement sensor, one end of the stay cord displacement sensor is arranged at a fixed position outside a crack, the other end of the stay cord displacement sensor is arranged at the inner side of the crack, the stay cord displacement sensor is pulled and rotated during crack expansion, and an electric signal proportional to the moving distance of the stay cord is output in real time, so that the crack displacement, the direction change quantity or the speed can be conveniently calculated, and the crack expansion degree in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment slope can be monitored in real time; the underground soil layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit 8 adopts an inclinometer 16 to monitor the horizontal displacement change condition at each depth of the high-fill embankment slope, and the position of a shearing damage point or a sliding surface is judged according to the displacement mutation condition;

in the invention, as shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the inclinometer 16 is settled in the high-fill embankment slope through settlement components, and a plurality of inclinometry monitoring holes 18 for placing the settlement components are arranged on each platform of the high-fill embankment slope, and the depth of the monitoring holes is less than 20m; comprehensively considering the scale of the side slope, geological conditions, deformation damage modes, range, scale and other factors of the side slope, and generally arranging 2-4 inclinometry monitoring holes 18; if the slope has large scale and long longitudinal direction or the geological condition of the slope is complex and the geological condition diversity exists, the monitoring section and the inclinometry monitoring hole 18 can be increased according to the scale of the slope and the geological condition situation; if a large number of cracks appear on the top of the slope, the inclinometry monitoring holes 18 should be arranged above the bevel line. The depth of the inclinometry monitoring hole 18 is required to enter 3-5 m of the stable rock-soil body below the lowest potential sliding surface of the side slope, and the specific hole depth and the potential sliding surface are comprehensively determined by combining the side slope form and the site specific engineering geological condition; the settlement assembly comprises a plurality of sections of inclinometer pipes 19 which are mutually connected in series and are settled in the monitoring holes, the inclinometer 16 is provided with inclinometer monitoring holes 18 in the high-fill embankment slope comprehensively considering scale, geological conditions and the like, the inclinometer pipes 19 are arranged in the inclinometer monitoring holes 18 section by section, and after the inclinometer pipes 19 are installed, the inclinometer is arranged in the inclinometer pipes section by section to monitor horizontal displacement of each depth of the slope; wherein, the adjacent inclinometer 19 is connected in series through the sleeve pipe 190, the lower end of each section of inclinometer 19 is internally provided with the inclinometer 16 in a sealing way, the inner side wall of the sleeve pipe 190 is provided with a plurality of pairs of symmetrical sliding guide grooves 191 along the axial direction, the outer wall of the sleeve pipe 190 is symmetrically provided with a strip-shaped slide channel opening 192 which extends along the axial direction and penetrates part of the sliding guide grooves 191, slide screws 193 for connecting the inclinometer 19 are arranged between the symmetrical slide channel openings 192 in a penetrating way, and each section of adjacent inclinometer 19 is connected by the slide screws 193 which are transversely arranged on the slide channel opening 192: the inclinometer 16 is provided with an inclinometer monitoring hole 18 which is required to be positioned on a slope platform, and the damage to slope structures is required to be reduced as much as possible in the construction process; the aperture of the inclinometry monitoring hole 18 is phi 100 mm-150 mm, and the minimum diameter is not smaller than phi 90mm; the drilling hole should ensure the quality of the hole, the hole collapse and the hole collapse should adopt the forms of mud, sleeve, etc. to protect the wall as appropriate, after reaching the required depth, the hole should be cleaned, and the sediment at the bottom of the hole is reduced as much as possible; the extension of the inclinometer 18 adopts a method of lengthening the inclinometer section by section and gradually putting the inclinometer into the sleeve pipe 190 on the former inclinometer, the sliding guide groove 191 in the aligned sleeve pipe 190 is connected with the next section of pipe, and then the sliding screw 193 is used for connecting the two sections of inclinometer 18 to the sleeve pipe 190, so that all the interfaces of the inclinometer are sealed by waterproof tape, and cement paste infiltration is avoided. The inclinometer tube 19 is placed in place and then the direction of the sliding guide slot is adjusted so that a set of directions of the inclinometer tube are consistent with the section direction or the main sliding direction. Backfilling the outer wall of the inclinometer pipe 18 and the holes of the inclinometer monitoring hole 18 by cement and mortar, and vibrating and tamping to integrate and compact the two; and (3) erecting a protective steel pipe within the range of about 0.5-1.0 m below the lower pipe orifice after the series connection, pouring concrete to fix the pipe orifice, and installing a protective cover on the upper pipe orifice after the series connection so as to ensure safety.

In the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embankment top settlement monitoring unit 9 monitors the vertical displacement change condition of each layer of the embankment side slope in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment side slope by adopting a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit and a second static level gauge 17; the high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit 10 adopts a rain gauge 20 and a soil hygrometer 21 to monitor the change condition of the hydrogeological condition in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment slope. According to the invention, the surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit 5, the surface vertical deformation monitoring unit 6, the surface crack monitoring unit 7, the underground soil layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit 8, the embankment top settlement monitoring unit 9, the high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit 10 and other multi-element sensors are arranged at the typical position selected by the high-fill embankment slope, the monitoring data are transmitted to the service safety monitoring data platform 3 through the data acquisition control box 22 and the communication transmission module 23, and are stored, managed, early-warning analyzed, data tidied and displayed, so that the full-automatic online monitoring on the dynamic change conditions of diseases such as instability and damage, uneven settlement and the like of the high-fill embankment slope is realized, and the state of the high-fill embankment slope is sensed in real time. Compared with the traditional monitoring technology, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, the timeliness of data transmission is guaranteed, and the authenticity and reliability of the data are greatly improved.

In the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the total station 13 is arranged at the position of the elevation foot of the high-fill embankment slope and on platforms with different heights of the slope, and the first static leveling instrument 14 is arranged at intervals along the edge in the direction parallel to the road surface running line; a datum point, a working base point and a deformation monitoring point are respectively arranged along a high-fill embankment slope in the area monitored by the total station 13, a threaded reinforcing steel bar with a small prism or a reflective patch is arranged at the deformation monitoring point, a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit is arranged at the datum point, and the total station 13 is arranged at the working base point; the distance between adjacent deformation monitoring points (adjacent deformed reinforcing steel bars) is set to be 10-30 m, the deformation monitoring points are made of deformed reinforcing steel bars with small prisms or reflective patches and the diameter of the deformed reinforcing steel bars is 16mm, the deformed reinforcing steel bars expose out of the ground by about 15-20 cm, the depth of penetration of the soil is about 50-100 cm, and deformation monitoring points are arranged on the slope top and the slope feet so as to accurately obtain the horizontal and vertical displacement change values of the ground surface; the deformed measuring point can exist for a long time without being damaged due to the existence of the deformed reinforcing steel bar, and the total station is convenient to acquire distance data through the reflection effect of the deformed measuring point. The total station 13 accurately acquires the horizontal and vertical displacement variation and displacement rate of the monitoring points by carrying out routine processing analysis such as physical quantity calculation, surface filling drawing, abnormal value identification and elimination, preliminary analysis and reorganization on the monitoring data, and monitors the horizontal and vertical displacement variation conditions in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope in real time; corresponding reference points and monitoring points are respectively arranged in the monitored areas of the first hydrostatic level 14 and the second hydrostatic level 17 along the slope of the high-fill embankment, the reference points are sequentially connected with the corresponding monitoring points in series through plastic hoses, beidou monitoring displacement monitoring units are arranged at the reference points, the first hydrostatic level 14 and the second hydrostatic level 17 are respectively installed at the corresponding monitoring points through concrete columns, and the first hydrostatic level 14 and the second hydrostatic level 17 are respectively arranged in the corresponding plastic hoses. The method comprises the steps of dividing a monitoring area according to the scale and geological conditions of a side slope, setting reference points and monitoring points in the monitoring area, arranging the reference points on a side slope platform in a cross section arrangement mode, arranging the reference points in a deformation stable area, setting the distance between adjacent monitoring points to be 10-30 m, adopting a base made of 20 cm-20 cm concrete columns, exposing the ground to about 10-20 cm of the concrete columns, enabling the depth of soil penetration to be about 50-100 cm, sealing a first static level 14 by adopting a plastic hose, connecting all monitoring points in series in sequence, and filling antifreezing liquid in the plastic hose; is used for preventing the formation of the through pressure due to the freezing of soil with too low temperature in winter. The first static level 14 can be arranged at the position of the monitoring point arranged at the top or the bottom of the slope so as to accurately acquire the change value of the vertical displacement of the ground surface. The first static level 14 accurately obtains the vertical displacement variation and displacement rate of the monitoring point by performing conventional processing analysis such as physical quantity calculation, meter filling drawing, abnormal value identification and elimination, preliminary analysis and reorganization on the monitoring data, and monitors the vertical displacement variation condition in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope in real time.

In the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit comprises a Beidou monitoring station 11 and a Beidou reference station 12, 3-4 Beidou reference stations 12 are distributed on each grade of slope platform along the maximum slope cross section to form GNSS surface measuring points, and at least 1 Beidou monitoring station 11 is distributed at the position of the elevation slope foot of the high-fill embankment slope to form GNSS measuring points as position coordinate reference points; the Beidou reference station 12 is provided with 3-4 GNSS surface measuring points on each stage of platform along the maximum slope cross section, the number and the positions of the measuring points can be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the site, 1 GNSS measuring point is arranged along the position of the elevation slope foot of the high-fill embankment slope or the fixed position outside the slope as a position coordinate reference point so as to more accurately and efficiently carry out the monitoring work of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the surface of the high-fill embankment slope, the Beidou reference station 12 and the Beidou monitoring station 11 receive satellite signals through a receiver and send the satellite signals to a data interface server 30 of the service safety monitoring data platform 3 in real time through a data communication network, the three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point are decomposed through the data screening, management and data analysis server 32 in real time difference, and the horizontal displacement change amount and the displacement rate of each monitoring point are obtained through the comparison of the real-time three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point with the initial coordinates, and the horizontal displacement change amount and the vertical displacement change condition of the monitoring point in the construction and the operation process of the high-fill embankment slope are monitored in real time.

According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning method, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, arranging service safety monitoring units (1) on a high-fill embankment slope according to construction design requirements, acquiring service monitoring data of different typical positions of the high-fill embankment slope through the service safety monitoring units (1), and sending the service monitoring data to a service safety monitoring data platform (3); step 2, the service safety monitoring data platform (3) performs early warning analysis on the service monitoring data, makes a decision and judges whether early warning is needed according to an analysis result, and performs automatic early warning and issuing an early warning report; the early warning analysis process comprises the following steps: feature extraction is carried out on the service monitoring data, the feature value of the service monitoring data is obtained, and special labeling is carried out according to the feature value change abnormal interval, so that service safety early warning data can be rapidly known; the feature extraction process of the service monitoring data comprises the following steps: obtaining classification results of each monitoring point (datum point, reference point or deformation monitoring lighting) slope structure by adopting a k-means classification algorithm, normalizing the classification results to obtain predicted deformation values of each monitoring parameter, and analyzing the predicted deformation values by a characteristic value statistical method to obtain characteristic values of slope safety monitoring; thereby accurately acquiring the horizontal and vertical displacement change trend of the monitoring point; according to the specifications and design requirements of the high-fill embankment slope, comprehensively considering the service specific conditions of the high-fill embankment slope to set an early warning critical value; comparing and judging the characteristic value with an early warning critical value, carrying out early warning grading on the safety of the high-fill embankment slope according to the comparison result, and carrying out arrangement and summarization on the dangerous state and the dangerous degree of the high-fill embankment slope to obtain different early warning levels and generate an early warning report; in the invention, the early warning level of the high-fill embankment slope is divided into: IV grade early warning (blue), III grade early warning (yellow), II grade early warning (orange) and I grade early warning (red). The IV-level early warning is a general early warning, the monitoring data exceeds an early warning critical value, a slight crack appears on a slope body or a structural object, no obvious aggravation trend is found, and the slope is lifted to the III-level early warning under the condition of continuous heavy rain; the III-level early warning is that the monitoring data exceeds an early warning critical value, a small amount of cracks appear on a slope body or a structural object, the deformation has a slow and continuous increasing trend, and the slope is lifted to the II-level early warning under the condition of continuous heavy rain; the II-level early warning is that a large number of cracks appear on slopes and structures, the cracks are aggravated, the deformation rate has a relatively obvious acceleration trend, but landslide cannot be formed immediately, the slopes are directly lifted to the first-level early warning under the condition of heavy rain, and serious safety accidents and losses are caused by instability and lifted to the first-level early warning; the first-level early warning is the highest-level early warning, namely uncontrollable hazards such as landslide, structural damage failure and the like occur, and an original balance system collapses; when the early warning report is generated, a report, a column, a dot and a fold chart are generated under different conditions such as different time periods, frequencies and the like, and the change conditions of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the earth surface of the high-fill embankment slope, the crack development condition, the change conditions of the horizontal and vertical displacement at each depth, the change conditions of the vertical displacement of the embankment top, the change conditions of the hydrogeological conditions and the like are displayed.

In the invention, a monitoring data processing unit, an early warning analysis unit, an early warning decision unit and a safety early warning treatment unit are arranged in a data application server 30 in a service safety monitoring data platform 3, wherein the monitoring data processing unit performs physical quantity calculation, form filling drawing, abnormal value identification and elimination, and performs analysis and research on the physical quantity value, change rule, development trend, various cause quantities and effect quantities on the monitoring data, and the early warning analysis unit performs feature extraction on the processed monitoring data to obtain feature values of the service monitoring data; the early warning decision unit sets a monitoring early warning value according to the standard and the design requirement of the high-fill embankment slope, comprehensively considers the service specific condition of the high-fill embankment slope, compares and judges the characteristic value with the monitoring early warning value, classifies the safety early warning risk level of the high-fill embankment slope according to the comparison result, and classifies the early warning risk level into four levels of IV level early warning (blue), III level early warning (yellow), II level early warning (orange) and I level early warning (red); the safety early warning disposal unit is used for sorting and summarizing dangerous states and hazard degrees of the high-fill embankment slope obtained by early warning classification, obtaining different early warning levels and generating early warning reports, and simultaneously carrying out automatic early warning on the obtained early warning levels, related early warning information and the generated early warning reports and sending the early warning levels, the related early warning information and the generated early warning reports to related responsible persons at the first time.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high embankment side slope service safety monitoring and early warning system is characterized in that: the monitoring and early warning system comprises a plurality of service safety monitoring units (1), monitoring data acquisition and transmission units (2) and service safety monitoring data platforms (3), wherein the plurality of service safety monitoring units (1) are respectively arranged at different positions of a high-fill embankment slope at intervals, and each service safety monitoring unit (1) is respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform (3) through the monitoring data acquisition and transmission units 2; the service safety monitoring unit (1) comprises a ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit (5), a ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit (6), a ground surface crack monitoring unit (7), an underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit (8), a embankment top settlement monitoring unit (9) and a high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit (10) which are respectively arranged at different typical positions of a high-fill embankment slope at intervals;

the earth surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit (5), the earth surface vertical deformation monitoring unit (6), the earth surface crack monitoring unit (7), the underground soil body layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit (8), the road embankment top settlement monitoring unit (9) and the high-filling road embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit (10) are respectively in communication connection with the service safety monitoring data platform 3 through the monitoring data acquisition and transmission unit 2.

2. The high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following components: the ground surface horizontal displacement monitoring unit (5) adopts a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit or a total station (13) to arrange monitoring points at a slope deformation sensitive position for monitoring the horizontal displacement change condition in the construction and operation process of the high-filling embankment slope;

the ground surface vertical deformation monitoring unit (6) adopts a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit and a first static level gauge (14) to arrange monitoring points at a slope deformation sensitive position for monitoring the vertical displacement change condition in the high-filling embankment slope construction and operation process; the ground surface crack monitoring unit (7) monitors crack development conditions in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment slope by adopting a crack meter (15);

the underground soil layering horizontal displacement monitoring unit (8) adopts an inclinometer (16) to monitor the horizontal displacement change condition of each depth of the high-fill embankment slope; the embankment top settlement monitoring unit (9) monitors the vertical displacement change condition of each layer of the embankment side slope in the construction and operation process of the high-fill embankment side slope by adopting a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit and a second static level gauge (17);

the high-fill embankment hydrogeological condition monitoring unit (10) adopts a rain gauge (20) and a soil hygrometer (21) to measure the hydrogeological condition change condition in the high-fill embankment slope construction and operation process.

3. The high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, wherein the system is characterized in that: the total station (13) is arranged at the position of the elevation foot of the high-fill embankment slope and on platforms with different heights of the slope, and the first static leveling instrument (14) is arranged at intervals along the edge in the direction parallel to the road surface routing; a datum point, a working base point and a deformation monitoring point are respectively arranged along a high-fill embankment slope in a monitored area of the total station (13), a threaded reinforcing steel bar with a small prism or a reflective patch is arranged at the deformation monitoring point, a Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit is arranged at the datum point, and the total station (13) is arranged at the working base point;

the method comprises the steps that corresponding reference points and monitoring points are respectively arranged in the monitored areas of a first static level (14) and a second static level (17) along a slope of a high-fill embankment, the reference points are sequentially connected with the corresponding monitoring points in series through plastic hoses, beidou monitoring displacement monitoring units are arranged at the reference points, the first static level (14) and the second static level (17) are respectively installed at the corresponding monitoring points through concrete columns, and the first static level (14) and the second static level (17) are respectively arranged in the corresponding plastic hoses.

4. The high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, wherein the system comprises the following components: the distance between adjacent deformation monitoring points and the distance between adjacent monitoring points are set to be 10-30 m, and the height of the upper end of the concrete column exposed on the side slope of the high-filling embankment is 10-20 cm; the upper end of the concrete column extends into the side slope of the high-fill embankment to a depth of 50 cm-100 cm.

5. The high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, wherein the system comprises the following components: the Beidou monitoring displacement monitoring unit comprises Beidou monitoring stations (11) and Beidou reference stations (12), 3-4 Beidou reference stations (12) are arranged on each grade of slope platform along the maximum slope cross section to form GNSS surface measuring points, at least 1 Beidou monitoring station (11) is arranged at the position of the elevation slope foot of the high-fill embankment slope to form GNSS measuring points as position coordinate reference points.

6. The high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, wherein the system is characterized in that: the inclinometer (16) is arranged in the high-fill embankment slope through sedimentation of the sedimentation component, a plurality of inclinometry monitoring holes (18) for placing the sedimentation component are formed in each platform of the high-fill embankment slope, and the depth of the monitoring holes is smaller than 20m.

7. The high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, wherein the system comprises: the settlement assembly comprises a plurality of sections of inclinometer pipes (19) which are mutually connected in series and are settled in a monitoring hole, wherein adjacent inclinometer pipes (19) are connected in series through a sleeve pipe (190), the lower end of each section of inclinometer pipe (19) is internally provided with an inclinometer (16) in a sealing manner, the inner side wall of the sleeve pipe (190) is provided with a plurality of pairs of symmetrical sliding guide grooves (191) along the axial direction, the outer wall of the sleeve pipe (190) is symmetrically provided with slide way openings (192) which extend along the axial direction and penetrate through part of the sliding guide grooves (191), and sliding screw rods (193) used for connecting the inclinometer pipes (19) are arranged between the symmetrical slide way openings (192) in a penetrating manner.

8. A high-fill embankment slope service safety monitoring and early warning method is characterized in that: the monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:

step 1, arranging service safety monitoring units (1) on a high-fill embankment slope according to construction design requirements, acquiring service monitoring data of different typical positions of the high-fill embankment slope through the service safety monitoring units (1), and sending the service monitoring data to a service safety monitoring data platform (3);

and 2, carrying out early warning analysis on the service safety monitoring data by the service safety monitoring data platform (3), judging whether early warning is needed according to the analysis result, and carrying out automatic early warning and issuing an early warning report.

9. The method for monitoring and early warning the service safety of the high-fill embankment slope according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: the early warning analysis process comprises the following steps:

step 21: feature extraction is carried out on the service monitoring data, feature values of the service monitoring data are obtained, and special labeling is carried out according to the feature value change abnormal intervals;

step 22: according to the specifications and design requirements of the high-fill embankment slope, comprehensively considering the service specific conditions of the high-fill embankment slope to set an early warning critical value;

step 23: comparing and judging the characteristic value with the early warning critical value, dividing the safety early warning risk level of the high-fill embankment slope according to the comparison result, and sorting and summarizing the dangerous state and the dangerous degree of the high-fill embankment slope; and obtaining different early warning levels and generating an early warning report.

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